"Athens became the most powerful, heralding the start of the classical Greek period."

The alliance became known as the Delian League.

"When Alexander went on to conquer lands as far to the east as India, the Aegean became a crossroads for the long trading routes."

Delos became one of the largest marketplaces in the empire.

"It was here that he wrote what was to become the final book of the New Testament, the Book of Revelation."

"He promised a modern state for his people, but as the situation became volatile, civil strife broke out in Turkish cities, and those considered Greek were victims of threats and violence."

"Finally, Greece was ousted from its new territory in Asia Minor, which became part of the new Turkish state."

"After the war, in 1949, the Dodecanese islands finally became part of the Greek nation."

"The Aegean Islands, which for centuries had been important ports on the trading routes, became the backwaters of this new transport network and the economies of several islands came close to collapse."

"The expansion of air travel began the age of mass tourism, and Greece along with the Aegean Islands became exciting destinations for northern Europeans escaping their damp, cool summers."

Coming to Goodwill was the first step toward my becoming totally independent.

Some of the strongest critics of our welfare system are the people who have become dependent on it.

"They welcome the chance to belong, to become self- sufficient, to regain their self-esteem and confidence."

"As you begin that process this year, I would like to ask you to consider helping young people in Marion County toward more positive youth development by becoming a supporter of the Marion County Commission on Youth, Inc."

Them have a much greater likelihood of becoming productive and contributing members of adult society.

"Because you are an organization that cares, you are invited to become an integral part of this fabulous event by becoming a corporate sponsor for JCC Auction '99."

"The relationships that are formed provide strong foundations from which healthy values and strong self-confidence can grow, helping youth become strong, independent adults of tomorrow."

"I have become more open-minded, more responsible, and, most importantly, I have gained a lot more self-confidence."

"In any case, there certainly is no lack of information available about the moguls of technology now as they all become our current pop icons."

Now the dissembler and enabler has become the scholar and ABC News analyst.

"33This group usually included Vice President Cheney, Secretary of State Powell, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, General Hugh Shelton, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs (later to become chairman) General Myers, DCI Tenet, Attorney General Ashcroft, and FBI Director Robert Mueller."

"With these initial victories won by the middle of 2002, the global conflict against Islamist terrorism became a different kind of struggle."

The site of the Temple eventually became identified as Mt.

"But the Roman Empire became Christian in the fourth century, and Jerusalem became a center of religion once again."

"The morality of not killing becomes an aspiration, a challenge for people to realize in their struggle with imperfection."

"However much one becomes convinced that killing is wrong, one needs a reason for that degree of conviction."

"They are strongly committed, vaguely, to some position on the spectrum, but they offer no reason why they are so intensely committed to this value that has become so powerful in the English-speaking West."

Nationalism becomes a virtue if it avoids hatred of outsiders as it encourages mutual respect among insiders.

"“IN GOD WE TRUST” became a popular motto, appearing for the first time on the nation’s coinage in 1864."

"That infamous act of judicial will, which served only to fuel the passions for war, held that a former slave could never become the citizen of any state."

As my rewriting of the Thirteenth Amendment would have it: Securing and protecting the autonomy of labor would become the duty of all state power.

I'd like to tell you about how I got into becoming a teacher's assistant.

and wanting to uh you know to try and get me to join or you know become interested in their religion because i have my own

"We handled a matter in chambers that you'll become aware of in an effort to resolve a problem, and I think we did."

"And so the ACLU contacted you, and you agreed to become a plaintiff in this case?"

"So in 2004, prior to this -- prior to you becoming a plaintiff, you never attended a board meeting in that year?"

"You never looked at the book Of Pandas and People before you became a plaintiff in this lawsuit, did you?"

"But there were comments from Bill Buckingham about brainwashing, and I remember hearing that, the whole thing about brainwashing, because it dealt with going to college and getting this education and students who go to college become brainwashed."

"In partnership with family and community to educate students, we emphasize sound, basic skills and nurture the diverse needs of our students as they strive to become lifelong learners and contributing members of our global society. Earlier in this century, pansy became a derogatory epithet to describe an effete male, thereby cheapening forever lines like Shelley's noble image in Adonais (verse XXXIII): Webster's Third New International Dictionary lists about 500 Yiddish words that have become part of our everyday conversations, including: Earlier, on page 49, we learnt about Agnodice, “who lived to become the world's first known woman gynaecologist,” in the fourth century BC. ..[were] approaching the water obstacle during the cross-country section of the Harrods International Grand Prix when the leading pair became confused, turned back and became entangled with the second pair. Many African Americans wore an extravagant style of clothing, the baggy pegged pants and jackets with padded shoulders, that later became known as the zoot suit. The creation of Zozobra was introduced into the fiesta in 1926 by Will Shuster, who felt that the fiesta had become “dull and commercialized.” As the years have passed and the Masai population has grown (and more and more of Africa becomes desertified), rangeland has become more scarce and the Masai's precious cattle have had far less land on which to graze. and he just kind of became a vegetable and died This 3' sequence becomes transduced, along with the L1 sequence, to a new genomic locus; a hypothesized cause of the imprecision of the 3' end of the L1 transcript is the weak polyadenylation signal in the L1 element [ 28 ] . Clear indications of 3' transduction have been documented in cases where an L1 inserted into the dystrophin gene [ 29 ] , APC [ 30 ] and CYBB [ 31 ] . All these disease-producing L1 insertions, the boundaries of which were defined by flanking TSDs, contained novel sequences downstream of the L1 sequence itself. Given the irresponsibility you describe, not to mention the sleep disturbance, prudence (the virtue, not yours truly) demands that you either rustle up another roomie--preferably a young woman who is planning to become a nun--or take your chances being assigned a stranger. You penetrate me with your gaze, my body shivers even here next to the fire, as your icicle eyes become your rampant sex in me . . . right they become a vegetable more or less and uh they don't they sedate them and Clinical improvement became apparent about three weeks after therapy. Rall says that Spiegelman, after winning a special Pulitzer in 1992 for his graphic novel Maus , became the de facto spokesman for the sprawling world of underground comix"" and gained the kind of mainstream fame and acceptance most cartoonists only dream of."

Hang around any schoolyard in Germany or college campus in Indonesia and it becomes clear that the recording industry's problems with the illegal online distribution of music in the United States pale beside the rampant piracy that goes on overseas.

i i'm trying to think exactly what is imposed if they would become a state versus a territory

"The observed antitumor activity of this sE dietary supplementation was an unexpected experimental result as sE was not previously reported to have antitumor activity although vitamin E may give modest protection against the risk of breast cancer [ 5 ] . Based on the observed antitumor activity of high dose sE in the diet, it became important to investigate if the sE supplement, when fed at such a high dose, was associated with the modification of the fatty acid composition of mitochondrial and microsomal membranes and if the sE was acting as an antioxidant or possibly a prooxidant in tumor and in host tissues."

Turn your blue to white: Become a born-again virgin.

"At fifteen, after an incident at the Iraq Desert Country Day School where she was nearly violated by a US Army Baptist chaplain, Oedipa ran away to Jerusalem and became a dedicated revolutionary, had brief and fiery affairs with Edward Said and Leila Khaled, escaped to California, and joined the Wymmyn's Fyre Brygade, an anti-imperialist collective in Encino."

i the only thing we as Americans have become accustomed to as far as the metric system is now we buy two liter bottles of Coke you know

"With the advent of larger human haplotype data sets, it has become clear that there are often fairly long regions with very high linkage disequilibrium (Daly et al."

Thus Billingsgate became so notorious that in 1652 it became a common word in English.

"As the years have passed and the Masai population has grown (and more and more of Africa becomes desertified), rangeland has become more scarce and the Masai's precious cattle have had far less land on which to graze."

that budgeting skill and there's i think it's going to become more critical because

"From the 1970s onward, religion had become an increasingly powerful force in Pakistani politics."

The compositions become ever more undulating and graceful.

"She turns to Rosa to say, ""Mein sister Karen stole him and they became my adversaries."""

you know we we notice our product just becoming a commodity and that's really bad

"Discussion of this memorandum brought to the surface an unease about paramilitary covert action that had become ingrained, at least among some CIA senior managers."

"And I was becoming quite comfortable with the whole German atmosphere, really--right up until the Lufthansa flight attendant showed me how to place the mask securely over my nose and mouth and breathe deeply."

"But mental processes become affect, our bodies and our brains do that in this place and we call our place America."

since they've become so popular you get what i call backyard breeders which is probably where yours came from people that don't know what they're doing and

"However, we have previously noted that the Tag increased in Tag-transformed NIH 3T3 cells as the population became more dense and the cell cycle time increased during exponential growth [ 11 ] . For some cell types, like fibroblasts and lymphocytes, G 0 cells have less cell mass than cycling cells, and one might expect that Tag expression would decrease as the G 1 phase of the cycle lengthened and cells achieved confluence."

Gambling has become a widespread pastime for the simple and unassailable reason that it adds to the sum of human happiness.

"It is unclear whether the brain always knows the difference between processing the sensory input we usually think of as perception of reality and processing the processing which, as mirrors can reflect each other, can approach infinity as sense data become perceptions, become organized ideas, become abstract categories and then categories of categories."

well i think um that is kind of becoming one of the drivers now the fact that with all the recycling that took place the price per pound has declined i know aluminum in our area one year ago aluminum was

"Following this precedent, these long-term evolving E. coli populations should have become streamlined glucose scavengers and evolved a substantially reduced niche."

"McCourt ""seems less in control in this book and at times is powerless to keep himself from becoming the stage Irishman, crying in his beer, milking sentiment until it becomes false"" (Peter Collier, the Los Angeles Times ). (Click here to read the first chapter.)"

"At first we noticed that abundance (not necessarily personal abundance, although the post-WWII/Cold War takeoff of the US economy afforded better living for much higher proportions of the US population) was not satisfying to us, although it seemed to be sufficient for our parents who had suffered serious deprivation during the Depression and then horrifying war (our fathers ignorant men thrown together in foreign lands to face death with only each other's bodies for support--while longing for the comfort of love and habit sent by the women who became our mothers in letters to unknowable islands and bivouacs)."

also working uh in a large corporate setting and that has become unsettled in the last

This application of informatics data will certainly grow in importance as acquisition of additional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data becomes increasingly common and new paralogs and orthologs are added to the sequence database.

"The main French newspapers focused on the enforced Arabization of Algeria, where, on Sunday, classical Arabic became the sole official language of the country, with the use of Algerian Arabic, Berber Arabic, and French being prohibited."

"This calls for the Atanatiya ritual,48a healing ceremony that primarily belongs to folk religion; it has become a ceremony purporting to fulfill, at the popular level, the socio-religious needs of the simple rural Buddhists."

um last like a few summers ago i kept two children every day for the entire summer and i mean they became like my children

"As the soil dries or nutrients become limiting, the fungus reproduces asexually by disarticulating the hyphae into small, environmentally-resistant arthroconidia (reproductive spores) (Figure 2)."

"Re shopping: Let the record show that I bought nothing at the outlet malls, while Mr. Why-Are-We-Stopping-Here became slightly unhinged in the Le Creuset emporium, acquiring several heavy cast-iron pots, which now burden our already over-burdened car (see below)."

"It is unclear whether the brain always knows the difference between processing the sensory input we usually think of as perception of reality and processing the processing which, as mirrors can reflect each other, can approach infinity as sense data become perceptions, become organized ideas, become abstract categories and then categories of categories."

uh she then informed me that the woman no longer wanted the little puppy and wanted to know if we wanted to keep it well after you had an animal for a couple of weeks it's uh you become attached you become attached to it

"On a broader level, conferees agreed that we must work to ensure that both individual state justice communities and the broader national counterpart becomes more diverse, inclusive and multiculturally competent."

"In recent years, one of my favorite newspaper columnists has become less and less interesting."

"Trading in Malaysia has become legendary for the bewildering and profitable rapidity of calculations of ringgits and yuan, dollars and now euros."

yeah well i i've my that's the way my mother stands on it she feels like if it's something that you have to do you know if you look at it as if you have to do it then it becomes it becomes a chore and and she doesn't enjoy it when it's a chore

"Thus, methods that allow the appearance of thiol modifications in cells to be monitored kinetically will greatly enhance our understanding of how cysteine residues become oxidized."

"For reasons that need not detain us here, some years ago I happened to be visiting the translation section of a large publishing company in darkest Hertfordshire, England, and I became involved in conversation with one of the employees, a charming young French translator."

"A particular tree becomes a tree in many contexts, as if the brain makes as many as possible available from which to draw."

it would seem to indicate to me either they're doing it because they're afraid they might become a state and want

"Eilene McIlvane, who was not a lawyer, became its executive director in 1981."

", Plato's Republic and Aristophanes' The Birds ). However, it is Sir Thomas More's speculative work of political science and sociology-- Utopia (from the Greek ou - `not' + topos -`place')--which became, generically, the impossibly perfect place."

"Achmed, however, grew to manhood, (shortening his name to ben Maas), went to Oxford like his father, and --hurrying along this story-- became the chief accountant for Phillips Petroleum."

which in her home you know there weren't i mean the logistics of it become so difficult that she said i've i've really made some friends and that feels good so that's the other side of it is

"Based on the phenotype of knockout mice, it has become clear that TRAF6 is the critical adapter molecule required for RANK signaling during osteoclastogenesis [ 35 ] . The importance of TRAF6 has been further explored in deletion studies, which correlated its various domains with its osteoclastogenic potential [ 46 ] . A link between IFN-γ and RANK signaling via TRAF6 has also been demonstrated in bone marrow cultures, in which IFN-γ was shown to accelerate the degradation of TRAF6 [ 38 ] . In our studies, however, we failed to observe this TRAF6 degradation, as its expression remained constant in both short-term and long-term cultures under conditions where IFN-γ completely inhibited osteoclastogenesis."

"In an odd way, the more similar products become, the more telling the little differences among them end up being."

"But for Kant, that which is becomes the object of a representing that runs its course in the self-consciousness of the human ego."

well what is see the thing is is when a lot of things become acceptable practice uh it's hard to discern the border what has become muddy as to what is ethical and what is not ethical and then someone blows the whistle and says

A detailed investigation produced a list of new procedures that would become customary for forces deployed abroad.

"And since the longer a resident trains, the larger the total subsidy, the system has also encouraged doctors to extend their educations and become specialists rather than lower-paid general practitioners."

"You penetrate me with your gaze, my body shivers even here next to the fire, as your icicle eyes become your rampant sex in me . . ."

oh no i i think uh i think they're honest i i you know there are some exceptions i think for the majority of them are honest and uh i just think in uh especially in the federal government the thing has just become bigger than

"Part caretaker, part squatter, Mr. Davol has developed a green thumb with office plants and has become accustomed to working in front of pictures of other people's loved ones."

"What might have been a one-trauma-after-another chronicle of loss and divorce, says Walter Kirn in the New York Times Book Review , ""becomes instead a hard and shining artifact of personal and social upheaval."""

"It is unclear whether the brain always knows the difference between processing the sensory input we usually think of as perception of reality and processing the processing which, as mirrors can reflect each other, can approach infinity as sense data become perceptions, become organized ideas, become abstract categories and then categories of categories."

a lot of people have become too complacent and believe everything is just the norm as to the way things are going and

"Yet, as more genomes become available, we cannot hope to provide a high level of manual examination and correction to describe the genes present on these genomes precisely."

"But nerdiness became well defined only after the birth of its opposite--coolness--during the prosperous postwar era, as the middle class expanded to include vast new segments of the population."

These associations will become progressively more elaborate as I accumulate more experience.

yes i do i think it's uh something that unfortunately uh at this stage of the game i would hope that at some point we would become

"Recording the average event-related electrical potentials from scalp electrodes became a research tool in the 1960s, with the advent of analog and then digital computers to accomplish the recording and averaging."

"Go back and reread the Ms. of the 1970s, and you rediscover how psychological how-to-ism for women at home became consciousness-raising for women newly out in the world."

"Moreover, the phrases embodied in these songs are to encourage the initiates to become worthy and honourable members of the adult community into which they are to be graduated."

uh some more uh beautiful parts of the country uh i think that that uh we become a little more aware uh rather quickly of

"Once gene duplicates have diverged sufficiently so that they differ in their functionality (or non-functionality), gene conversion events can become deleterious—for example, by introducing disrupting mutations from a pseudogene into its functional duplicate."

"Devaluation and partial default, explains the Journal , means the overall amount of debt is reduced and terms for repaying it become easier."

"Having feared just this kind of undignified clapping of tender skin onto the chilly and narrow porcelain, he was wont to leave the seat down, until recently when it became redolently clear that tiny droplets of urine were deliquescing to burden the air with the fug of a public latrine."

be fostered in as you become

The experiences of these governments-and those of the federal GPRA pilots-demonstrate that each federal agency will need to chart its own course in response to its specific environment as it seeks to implement GPRA and become more results-oriented.

Some of them became leaders in the effort to maintain affirmative action in California.

"In literary production, specifically gay male writing begins with Robert Duncan in his 1949 ""Manifesto"" and Ginsberg in ""Howl;"" both became icons to 60s gay poets."

for education and really became more of a labor union and only put their main entrance in teachers pay like education like money was the the solution to every thing

"James Jesus Angleton, who headed counterintelligence in the CIA until the early 1970s, became obsessed with the belief that the Agency harbored one or more Soviet ""moles."""

"Our powerful, multipurpose computers will continue to become even more powerful, but as they acquire new skills--like voice recognition--their appeal will be limited by their price."

40 Venison Bride becomes a prophet

yeah it's a beautiful place i think i worry that it's changing so much so quickly the valley has become so popular

"As the CAM literature grows, dissemination and knowledge of the controlled vocabulary will become even more important."

"If only this had been understood before, we could all have become conservatives much sooner."

"The US has become the new 1000 year Reich and wants to annex Iraq, Iran, Korea, everything."

it's a true story of a uh couple in Colorado in the late eighteen hundreds who became fabulously wealthy from uh

"The immune system has a remarkable capacity for fending off infectious diseases, and it has become clear that these same defenses can recognize and destroy cancer cells."

Disclaimer: All submissions will become the property of Slate and will be published at Slate 's discretion.

"Poor Mona was then abandoned again when her daughter returned temporarily to her dank previous home where she became a gibbering speed freak, an auto thief, a fugitive, and generally white trash."

if it becomes

"Since CPT analogues become one of the most promising new classes of antineoplastic agents introduced into the clinic in recent years [ 19 ] , activity of camptothecin on endothelial cells may be of great interest."

"It was not plugged as a cold remedy, however, until 1979, when a Texas city planner, George Eby, became convinced that megadoses of zinc improved his 3-year-old leukemic daughter's response to chemotherapy and protected her from colds during treatment."

"For staffers at these organizations, responding to these kinds of crackdowns has become alarmingly routine."

and how important it is to you you become more loyal so to speak to to the things that you don't have at that time and you realize hey my you know we really have a good thing there so i think you hold more dear the things like democracy and your rights

"Consumers also need to become comfortable with uncertainty, and understand the strengths and weaknesses intrinsic to every study conducted and published."

This has become very clear to me when written the “Word Histories” column in the Atlantic over the last three years.

"No wonder so many became alcoholic and silent, no wonder so many women secretly suffocated in those single-family units."

no i i understand it's becoming you know the popular thing to do we're not participating in that particular program at the moment and i don't really perceive doing it unless we absolutely have to

"If the assistance of the LSCfunded program were not available in these co-counseled cases, it is very unlikely that the private attorney would agree to become involved in the case."

"Memorable eponymous terms require memorable nominal roots and, in the English-speaking world, people's names are becoming more diverse and interesting as more cultures are demographically and linguistically annexed."

"Well, that's what they did until they became 55 or 60 years old, and then my late grandfather Lemmie went to work in a textile mill as a supervisor and my grandfather Willis went to work in a furniture factory."

"In 1946 he became the chair of the Department of Modern Languages and Literature at the University of Denver, and he stayed there until he retired in 1974."

"In 1938 it became the Museum of Modern Art, and today it displays a permanent range of work by celebrated artists and numerous temporary exhibitions which reflect the cutting edge in visual art genres such as photography and video."

"The ability to keep learning, to keep discovering, and to keep inventing becomes even more important if we are to compete in tomorrow's world."

i do that i think people are becoming more aware

"Finally, with its high postwar investment levels, Japan's production processes became more capital intensive compared to most other advanced nations."

"Corporations have tended either to smoosh names together--thus Lockheed and Martin Marietta became Lockheed Martin, McDonnell and Douglas Aircraft became McDonnell Douglas, Northrop and Grumman became ..."

My husband became very ill with cancer and I had to make a decision as to whether I would continue my education or take care of him and I felt like I needed to take care of him because he stood by me so much while I was going to school.

"Even without such obvious errors, forecasting demand at the SKU level has become difficult, as an ever wider array of products cycle through stores."

"Many Indians remained and established small farms in the FWI, their descendants becoming an important and colorful segment of the population (see box, page 42)."

That vision has become a reality.

which are striving to become independent from central Moscow and that kind of administration

"They believe that additional efforts to develop precisely quantified risks are not cost-effective because (1) such estimates take an inordinate amount of time and effort to identify and verify or develop, (2) the risk documentation becomes too voluminous to be of practical use, and (3) specific loss estimates are generally not needed to determine if a control is needed."

"He became flustered, said goodbye, and hung up."

"And then if, I think there were with a cer, a certain color, maybe a red background, and if, if the, the military member was liked, it became a white background."

"20 But when flag burning becomes an acceptable and potentially routine event, it draws no more attention than the use of four-letter words at cocktail parties."

I am hopeful that you as an individual and Meridian Insurance as a corporation might consider becoming sustaining supporters of MCCOY.

um it was becoming quite disturbing realizing how many crack babies were there were becoming you know out there in the educational area and

"Meeting three to four times a week, the group became something of a ""sect"" whose members, according to one participant in the meetings, tended to deal only with each other."

"Considering the political climate the world over and the political individuals who make certain that into each life a little rain must fall, it would behoove all of us to become familiar with the quotations in this book, most of which seem apt at the moment:"

"And, as a matter of fact, both of her daughters became teachers."

"The word became more nationally known in 1959 with the publication of the novel Pocho by Jose Antonio Villarreal, which depicted the coming-of-age of a Chicano growing up in the Santa Clara Valley of California during the 1940s."

"Later, under Ottoman rule, the bell tower became a minaret and the church was converted into a mosque."

"Discovering that they shared an affection for music and entertaining, they got together and dreamed of becoming like their idols - The Four Aces, The Four Lads, The Four Freshmen, The Hi-Lo's and The Crew Cuts."

you know if they're not going to be accepted into society then everybody's going to become sociopathic

"From 1998 through 2000, the federal government achieved surpluses, shifting from being a drain on net national saving to become a contributor to it."

"The Times says that without Levy, Netanyahu is likely to grow more dependent on right-wing parties, and thus to become more resistant to pro-Palestinian concessions."

And he took her to a neighbor's and she became their foster child.

"One theory is that when flour tortillas became available in northern Mexico, tacos de frijoles, or bean burritos, were easy to carry in the saddle-bags of the vaqueros (cowboys), so for this reason they came to be called burritos as though they were the sidekicks of the vaquero’s horse."

"Traditional Music and Dance: Greece has a rich legacy of folk dance and music, though genuine performances are becoming more difficult to find, particularly in the capital."

"The sergeant became a private, a private citizen fighting a new war against diabetes."

well you know if they're forced to do it becomes sort of a habit

"Chromosome territories are re-established after cell division, and once the cell is arrested in a long interphase, chromosome movement becomes restricted again [ 8]."

The findings became famous when they landed on the cover of … Newsweek .

"And my brother and I, from that day, curiously, became very close."

"If there were a way of making a living that could not be well explored and exploited by organisms as they speciate, that way of making a living would not become populated."

"Subsequently, Sevilla became the capital of the Visigothic kingdom and then of a Moorish taifa, before falling to King Ferdinand III in 1248."

The better our law school becomes directly increases the valuation of our degrees.

yeah it really is a beautiful place and for the past two falls i've gone there i've made two trips to Santa Fe it's sort of becoming an annual thing for me uh i go by myself i go without my family and uh if

"As a result, agencies have become enormously dependent on these systems and data to support their operations."

"But as the Newt peril fades, Democratic differences are becoming clearer."

So Mother had to adjust to becoming used to a being a country girl.

"The bracero experience has been written about in novels and depicted in numerous movies, and although the image presented is often a negative one, like other Chicano folk heroes the bracero has become an archetype of the culture."

The problem became an outright disaster on Christmas Day in 1953.

Or who helps David learn important job skills that will enable him to become self-sufficient?

people become more aware of the things in industry too that that are causing problems and and i think that they'll gradually they'll work towards solving those problems more too

"The neck-tail region of Myo1c thus appears to adopt a compact structure at 4°C, becoming more extended at 25°C."

"If the process of slaughter becomes a savage yahoo spectacle, then we are indeed barbaric."

Did your favorite book become something else when you grew up a little bit more and \\you were in high school?

"As they have become better trained, better educated, with high-tech equipment and higher salaries, they are looked upon as the elite law enforcement of Texas."

"In 1919 the conflict resulted in a partial victory for Ireland, and in 1921 the Partition Act enabled the six counties of Northern Ireland to remain in the union with Britain, while the remaining 26 became independent."

so um i i think that uh it became very evident in the beginning of senior year

"In Kentucky, as in much of the rest of the nation, abuse victims have increasingly turned to the courts as protective orders have become more accepted, said Billie Lee Dunford- Jackson, assistant director of family violence law and policy for the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges."

"He left to become, of course, a politician--Culture Minister in the shadow Cabinet of Gerhard Schroeder, who's a good bet to defeat German chancellor Helmut Kohl this fall."

"Do you think they've become more ex, do you think they've accepted more what you've decided to do or that's going to take a while?"

"But the behavior of an agringado might involve the changing of one’s given name, so that Carlos becomes Charlie, Guillermo becomes Will, or Consuelo becomes Connie; or changing a surname, so that Rivera becomes Rivers or Puentes becomes Bridges."

"Among the historic houses on rue du Marché-Champlain, Maison Chevalier (1752) has become a museum of old Québécois furniture and domestic utensils."

"With your contribution to the Library, you will become a member of the Citywide Friends."

because they have become more aggressive and more dominating and i think that comes about from their being a definite factor in the job market now

"' [ 1 ] Although there has always been some controversy about its validity [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ] , meta-analysis has become increasingly popular as the number of studies with similar protocols has grown."

So of course he became a hired gun: He needed to pay his debts.

"It was so cold that the fuel does what they call congeals, the fuel becomes like gelatin."

"As we’ve already noted, international sourcing has become increasingly prevalent."

Jet skis have become increasingly popular and can be rented in the above towns as well as in Malibu.

"When your gift helps an outstanding student become an outstanding teacher, you will know that you, too, have touched the future."

um the reason i tranged uh changed to become a vegetarian was for ethical reasons so the idea of me eating meet would be like eating something you know i i think of it as something alive

"As has been observed in other models of obesity due to a high-fat diet, the diet-induced obese mice also became hypophagic compared to the chow fed mice and compared to the hyperphagia exhibited by mice in the first two weeks on a high fat diet [ 28 ] (Fig."

But I have recently become a parent and wonder how I should react to this type of situation if I were with an inquisitive child.

"Because what you read about might spark something that becomes an interest to you, and then you carry it over into your writing."

"But for basic and fashion basic apparel products, for which frequent replenishment orders are becoming the norm, the practice of sourcing some of the assembly and sewing operations from nearby lower wage regions and countries is emerging."

The teeming millions living in Calcutta and Mumbai have become legendary.

"When you accept membership in the Inner Circle, you will become an integral part in what is fast-proving to be an historical election year."

so i i i think that he he he's actually he i think is becoming very dangerous

And Bin Ladin's security precautions and defenses became more elaborate and formidable.

Disclaimer: All submissions will become the property of

"Then we took a Discipleship Class, um, my husband and I, that, that, um, really taught us how to study the Bible and journaling and Bible Study became enmeshed, so to speak, for me."

"This cramped and faithless reading of the Constitution has become obvious to us over time, but it was apparent in 1883 as well."

"While attempting to cross the Sierra Nevada, George Donner’s wagon train became snowed in, and from November until February was stuck high in the mountains north of Lake Tahoe, at a point now known as the Donner Pass."

Please send a gift of $50 or $100 today and become a partner of the IRT.

and then then the issue becomes what do you do once somebody's found guilty i suppose

The gold standard would then become the isolation of the cells from the intact organ after differentiation has occurred by creating genetically based or antibody-based approaches to identify and/or purify the already differentiated progeny from the intact muscle.

"Early in the bombing, Sharon warned that an independent Kosovo could become the heart of a ""Greater Albania"" that would be a staging ground for Muslim terrorism."

"But at that time women were put on a pedestal and treated with the highest degree of respect and they were devout and loving to their husband and they didn't feel anybody was putting something on them and becoming unnecessarily agitated uh, because somebody didn't do something according to term."

"Only certain features of a given nonequilibrium system, if measured, will result in detection of sources of energy that might become coupled to specific other processes that, by doing work, propagate macroscopic changes in the universe."

"The “New Town,” which was planned by architect James Craig and embellished by Robert Adam, became one of the most beautiful Georgian cities of the world."

"By accepting your nomination and joining with us, you not only become a member of the most prestigious wing of the GOP, you also help finance the races of our field of candidates."

all of that so there's the whole question whether one of the uh sub drivers is gonna decide to become free lance oh i don't wanna i don't wanna go with Russia so i'm going to uh you know sell myself to the highest bidder or something

"--Allowances under this subsection shall be allocated onlywith respect to kilowatt hours of electric energy saved by qualified energy conservation measures or generated by qualified renewable energy after January 1, 1992 and before the earlier of (i) Dece"

"If it's drug abuse to take a pill simply to look virile, the piece wonders, why isn't it illegal to take one to become virile?"

"Yeah he, he wasn't quite fond of school and he dropped out in May of his senior year, so although he later in life became successful and owned his own company, he just didn't, and I guess, and neither did his parents think school was that important so his, his stories they always told us didn't involve growing up and going to school and doing well and behaving they were always mischievous."

"It has become a Bay Area Christmas tradition to make the two-hour journey to the small mission town to experience the miracle of Guadalupe, although all Mexican American churches throughout the United States organize elaborate church ceremonies for December 12, the day of her appearance, so there are literally hundreds of celebrations one can choose from to commemorate the day."

"With its emphasis on nature, intuition, the individual, paradox (“the knowledge which is not knowledge”), and the cosmic flow known as “the Way,” Daoism became the religion of artists and philosophers."

"If these special children are to become the adults we all need them to be, we have to lead them in the right direction right now."

and uh everyone's a manager but nobody can get one more point to become you know like whatever you need to earn so much money

Culture medium (DMEM with 5% fetal bovine serum [FBS] and penicillin/streptomycin) was replaced three times per week and fibroblasts were passed (1:2 split) at the time they became confluent.

"In America anything that can happen, does: Strangers kidnap children; mathematicians become terrorists; executives find themselves flipping hamburgers."

"But here it's just a greeting and we've gone back to visit in OH or elsewhere and we, pretty much it's just become a part of our language or usage as well and, um, you know, people ask us about it."

"Preferentially, those comeasuring pairs of quantum systems that decohere and become classical will tend to accumulate, due to the irreversibility of classicity."

In 1568 Sebastian became king of Portugal at age 14.

"Forty years ago one student, Betty Groh Tower, entered the Medical Record Administration Program to become our first graduate."

so the people that actually become juries are it's not really just a random sampling of the

"In all instances, however, each fraction contained both large, round cells and fibroblast-like cells and their numbers become more equal with time (usually by day 13)."

"The March issue of Essence magazine invites readers to visit a ""community activist"" Web site about Social Security and become involved ""to ensure that we get our fair share."""

\\ And become acquainted with the-- \\

"A more compassionate approach to victims’ rights became evident in the famous O. J. Simpson case, which held the country’s rapt attention for more than a year in 1996 and 1997."

"The route becomes less steep once you reach the rest point at the chapel of Ágios Nikólaos, 4 km (2 1⁄2 miles) in, where there is a picnic area."

The BA becomes a BAJ next year.

i like to watch golf my husband plays golf and i've i've really become

"By February 12 Bin Ladin had apparently moved on, and the immediate strike plans became moot."

"Or, if you prefer, sexual McCarthyism: the madness that prevails when private mistakes become daily fodder for public titillation, and are then used as political weapons to club the poor sinning bastards to death."

But I can see now how they have become a boom to motherhood.

"Americans have become and remained one of the most religious nations on earth, and largely because the state has evolved toward a rigorous policy of symbolic support for religion, at the same time insisting that the religious culture either thrive or die on its own."

"Sixteenth-century mapmakers back in Spain mistakenly confused the names, so that in the end the port became San Juan and the whole island was called a “rich port”; once on the maps, the names stuck."

These are artists who are either emerging as leaders in their fields or who have already become well known.

right but and maybe not quite so much publicity either i think there's far too much publicity on some of these violent crimes that and then it seems to become a challenge

Previous work indicates that wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings become resistant to the inhibitory effects of high concentrations (0.

"Columbia/HCA , the country's biggest medical provider, is becoming the poster boy of corporate health-care greed."

If he had become a preacher.

"My DNA, my biography, my talents, are certainly not the same as yours, but these differences become superficial in light of the deeper equivalence of moral value."

"Like the Japanese, Chinese, and Portuguese before them, many of the new peoples would stay on in Hawaii, adding to the ethnic and racial mix that has become a hallmark of the islands."

Several School of Dentistry faculty and staff members have recently asked how they can become members of the Century Club.

i don't want to be paid to do it because then it becomes a job and then it's not a hobby you know

"Among women, black/white differences in BMI levels become apparent after age 12 y [ 27 ] , suggesting that adolescence may be a critical period [ 28 29 ] for the development of obesity."

He likened his speech to the 1947 NAACP gathering at which Harry Truman became the first president to address a black civil-rights group.

"To some degree, things that really have an impact on me have tended to become a part of my life on some level or another."

"Although she is the preeminent representation of womanhood, she has become an icon for women’s subjugation and oppression."

"By day it becomes a continuous market, with some unusually chatty, cheerful shopkeepers."

.By transforming the environment for learning; school lessons become opportunities of discovery when performed live on stage.

Americans are becoming a little more aware and uh are forcing our government to be uh on top of

"Khallad claims to have been closest with Saeed al Ghamdi, whom he convinced to become a martyr and whom he asked to recruit a friend, Ahmed al Ghamdi, to the same cause."

"In the biggest Hollywood movies, screen actors have become tiny figurines--droids, almost--manipulated in front of colossal computer-generated spaceships, fireballs, tornadoes, and volcanic eruptions."

"I don't know whatever became of Robbie, not much I imagine."

"Sam Walton started small in the 1970s, but Wal-Mart rapidly became the largest retailer in the United States, with total sales in fiscal year 1995 equaling the combined sales volumes of Kmart, Sears Roebuck and Co., and the supermarket chain The Kroger Co., the next three largest American retail organizations."

"Rembrandt created two canvasses for the Guild of Surgeons, which have become two of his most famous paintings."

"On the chance that my guess is right, I am writing to you today to invite you to become a member of LOGOS-the League Of Greek Orthodox Stewards."

have taken a long time to become recognized but more strides are made toward addressing those stresses in women than ever were in men and

This suggests that solutes such as methoxyflurane or toluene are right on the boundary of where this artifact becomes important.

"Even as analysts have become more able to move stock prices, their more corporate-congenial language has probably diminished the long-range impact of their recommendations--with so many ""outperforms"" and ""accumulates"" out there, it's hard to know which ones to take seriously."

"Um, she had very big dreams of wanting to become a lawyer one day."

The vacuum tables have also become “smart.”

"The magnificent Chinese Collection presents the objects and ornaments of some 3,500 years of civilization, stretching from the Bronze Age Shang Dynasty to the extinction of the Manchu Dynasty in 1912, when China became a republic."

"When you are contacted by your Campus Campaign volunteer, we hope you'll choose to become one of the many partners in the community of IUPUI."

um in matter of fact in the United States we used to have extended families it wasn't but i guess as we become more industrialized and more you know less in a rural situation

"Even with the benefit of hindsight, Jarrah hardly seems a likely candidate for becoming an Islamic extremist."

"The split seemed to come in 1969, when Julian Bond was elected to the Georgia state Legislature and became the darling of the American left's radical chic set."

"And, um, I've often pondered that ev, you know, that this whole thing about, that she, that she became a nun because she didn't, um, she was scared to live fully in the world."

"In this way pachuquesmo, a Mexican subculture, became known throughout the Southwest."

"Though the Valley of the Kings has become popularly known, it is not the only ancient attraction on the west bank of the Nile."

The National Board of Visitors cordially invites you to become a Charter Associate of The Center on Philanthropy

well the thing of it is if i wanted to just uh you know permanently become a book reader i guess i could just uh you know uh go on public assistance uh

"According to Saudi authorities, a substantial number of the hijackers isolated themselves and became religious only within a few months of leaving the Kingdom."

#NAME?

"I'd get the little biddies and they'd become full-grown chickens and, uh, your grandmother would gather the eggs and sold them to a lot of her neighbors."

"Although the judiciary probably would have prospered as well, the Supreme Court of the 1870s and 1880s did not want to see the federal government become the watchdog of economic and semipublic racial relationships."

"He inherited the title of Holy Roman Emperor and became Charles V, with duties throughout Europe that gave him little time for Spain."

We hope you will become a partner of Indy Reads as we work to improve our community through literacy.

that everybody else is and and i think i think that that's just unfair if you put it in a different context you see the same either the same you know it it get becomes a little clearer of course you know i'm my assumption is that

"Our social skills are already being honed in childhood and early adolescence, when we quickly become very adept at forming and breaking alliances within and between groups and spend much of our time engaged in complex social interactions."

"Bill Gates, no matter how big that company has become, still hangs over it like a living icon."

"Um, so that became, that has become one of my favorites, Little Women, that started in, um, high school."

"The word piciligue, which comes from the Aztec, has the meaning of “to become small that which was thick or large.”"

Its very name became a verb in English: “to shanghai” meant to abduct by trickery or force.

I'd like to take this opportunity to invite you to become a member of AAKP.

sounds like America's going to become even more communication society with faxes and cellular phones and

“The whole system is becoming unhinged as a result of this enormous warming.”

Note: Safety and Sports have been dropped from the list of merit badges required to become an Eagle Scout.

"So in the weeks and months that she was ministering to this lady, a young girl actually, she was also getting to meet the family and it was, and was, becoming involved with them."

"A biosphere becomes complex, the universe becomes complex."

"It soon became the focus for state occasions, such as the return of the ex-emperor’s own remains from St. Helena in 1840 and the funeral of Victor Hugo in 1885."

uh not only would would the United States become over populated well more over populated awfully quickly

"In addition, command and control was complicated by senior Port Authority Police officials becoming directly involved in frontline rescue operations."

If abortion is not wrong--irrespective of the circumstances--then the issue becomes a tradeoff among unpleasant alternatives.

they had i think they in when they became became a country they more than or more or less decided they weren't going to take it anymore and uh

"The Postal Service complied with this requirement early in 1973, and a Domestic Mail Classification Schedule recommended by the Commission became effective on July 6, 1976."

"Getting into the dictionary itself, one becomes aware that something is a foot, for there are not as many headwords as one might expect to find in other books of this size."

that get the kind of control that's bad you know and that their governments can become so corrupt and it's like well uh you know i use to feel like

"As long as one of the genomes included in the analyses is properly annotated, only those identified ORFs that are actually homologous to an identified ORF will become part of a quartet of orthologs.)"

"Sound becomes so critical, Zirinsky says."

so it became part of the package so i went through it

"GAO will continue to play a professional, objective, nonpartisan and constructive role in assisting the Congress, regulators, and the accounting profession as initiatives are proposed, agreed upon, and become operational."

"Corporations have tended either to smoosh names together--thus Lockheed and Martin Marietta became Lockheed Martin, McDonnell and Douglas Aircraft became McDonnell Douglas, Northrop and Grumman became ..."

or target shooting what they had in mind was that people need to be armed in order to protect themselves from the government becoming too strong and taking away our liberties

"He would in fact become Bin Ladin's deputy some years later, when they merged their organizations."

"The Indian Express said that ""a nation of one billion … has become a sitting duck for the masked man with the hand grenade or the AK-47."""

um became a real problem until all of a sudden it came an insurmountable problem

"They may eventually cease to be who they were, instead becoming a unitary “person with an illness” or—more damning—an “ill person,” a thing in which personhood and illness have completely fused."

"But in our populist time with too many half-educated people at large, awful has become etiolated."

so i think in in some some aspect some ways we are uh becoming a little too egalitarian in that in that sense but uh

"In the mid-1990s, first Perl [ 32] and then Java [ 33] were becoming widespread as programming languages for developing bioinformatics tools."

Varnish has quickly become one of the least interesting columns in Slate.

well we had we did have some time to devote to them you know but not nearly as much time as we have now so they've really become children they're they're real characters they really well all of them are

Lung surfactant synthesis and connective tissue maturation allow the lungs to become distensible and capable of coping with high surface tension.

"The old social hierarchies disintegrated after World War I, and boring non-fashion could become revolutionary high fashion."

i i agree that that the communication uh that now that communication has become

These agents have become the most widely used for the indications considered in this review.

And with the men-women wage gap narrowed it has become less clear how the staying home with the child should be divided between the mother and the father.

and have become citizens now

We have found no evidence that Iran or Hezbollah was aware of the planning for what later became the 9/11 attack.

"Yet there are some questions that are becoming almost universal: with the disappearance of telephone dials, do we enter, key, punch in , or (still) dial a number?"

i think i think sometimes that you um you pick you become more aware of what you have

"While the rule has varying compliance dates that are much later than the announced effective date of the rule (some previously approved products covered by the rule have several years to become compliant with the labeling requirement), we do note"

"Though the star had become a recluse, refusing to see his friends following the death of his wife, Gloria, he did keep up a telephone relationship with the Enquirer . In a series of interviews about his impending death he told the Enquirer that he would miss his children, but added, ""It's time they started living their own lives and not have to worry about this old man."""

it's really become a major expense for us as a society

It became a challenge to integrate the work of different observers if they focused their attention on different topics from site to site.

"This law states that wherever computer chips go, the Internet will follow: Everything that's powered by electricity will eventually become studded with computer chips."

the North Vietnamese would have definitely won and then our views in those days they would have become communist or pinko

"The employees said that they gained confidence as they became more experienced in exercising the new authority, and some of the employees and managers who initially resisted changes adjusted to them gradually over time."

"And I think, earlier this year, of Serbia, where the bones of Prince Lazar, the martyr of the battle against the Turks in 1389, have become hallowed in history and whose legends were written down by church scribes and canonized in cycles of folk poetry."

i think one of the thing that i notice a lot i know it's touching social changes but uh to me what becomes socially acceptable

This dynamic expression may reflect the working of an underlying molecular network of activating and inhibitory factors which only gradually succeed in directing expression of a given gene to a specific subset of cells which thereby become defined as a distinct anlage.

"The more we hear about Monica Lewinsky, the further removed from reality she becomes."

i have become accustom ed to other things in hearing other things you know if i knew two of my friends got hung for carrying a little bit of marijuana it might make me think twice before i ever did it if i was of the mind to you know

"This notion has been widely accepted, and often becomes one of the central postulates of models of duplicated gene evolution [ 3, 7, 26, 27]."

It has become Fight Club.

i see well it will become even more important you know when and if you do

I will speak to some of the concerns of which I have become aware.

"On a brighter but no less arbitrary note, childless aristocrats picked genial Edward as their heir; he changed his name and became a snobbish landowner, kind to his less glamorous siblings but also condescending."

yeah yeah it becomes a kind of music of it's own i mean when you listen to it it's um

"As more structure models become available, AQP diversity is becoming obvious because, irrespective of overall sequence homology, the surface topographies of different AQPs as seen by atomic force microscopy seem to vary widely [ 25, 26]."

"It's his foolish marriage and adulterous affair, as exploited by an evil gossip columnist who goes on to become a United States senator."

and the other part of it is parents have quit becoming parents

"When the same elutriated cells were supplemented with dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate their morphology altered, and they became uniform, polygonal cells reminiscent of osteoblasts (Fig."

"In these years, however, what people meant by ""character"" became increasingly confused."

but like i say it just kind of becomes a habit and it's if if you don't break that cycle very often then you keep doing it

"Intron phase is distributed quite randomly in the 5' half of the sequence, although toward the 3' end of the gene, phase o introns become prevalent."

"When Brown became secretary of commerce in 1993, the managing directors were not forgotten."

yeah that becomes a drudgery and when you

"Initially, the scale was used in patients with head injury [ 6], but later it became widely used in evaluating central nervous system lesions and state of consciousness."

"The U.S. military also plans to target the Iraqi Republican Guards' favorite toys--artillery weapons, tanks, and other heavy weapons--as well as their hardened bunkers and munitions factories, hoping that Saddam's ""elite"" troops will finally decide the price of propping up the dictator has become too high."

and uh there some some of the musicians some of the young people from there that have become

"The atmosphere was relaxed, and after a while all of the monkeys became friends."

"When the four-section Journal s stop appearing (or when Journal managing editor Paul Steiger changes his mind and decides he wants to quit after all--according to press reports, he said no late last week to becoming the new Lou Dobbs at CNNfn) you'll know the economy is about to tank."

there was a lot of the human character when he was home alone and he was trying to be tough and they s had a lot of human character there but when it was the real slapstick moments him versus the criminals kind of thing it just sort of lost the human element became purely a caricature

"The foursome became core members of a group of radical Muslims, often hosting sessions at their Marienstrasse apartment that involved extremely anti-American discussions."

"In the wake of Ralph Reed's departure, donations are down, and other groups (notably the Family Research Council) have become more influential."

and uh my brother became involved with them over twenty years ago as a manager and then ended up being both manager and conductor for quite a number of years

"At the request of Congress, we studied a number of leading public sector organizations that were successfully pursuing management reform initiatives and becoming more results-oriented."

"The weakest, most fractured Arab state had become the front line for an Israeli-Palestinian war that other Arab countries wanted kept far from their borders."

it almost becomes more more cost you know to much cost and more trouble than it's worth you know to to put somebody like that to death or something that you know

"Over time, this challenge diminished as members became familiar with each other, enthusiastic members moved past general topics, and rules of behavior were clarified."

"In doing that research, I became painfully aware of how much personal information was already ""sloshing around,"" as you put it."

they've drawn from both sides and i really haven't sensed any of that yet i it may become more obvious to me in later on

"As Lewis says, “Although the current study is impressive in its size and scope, even here, the sample size becomes an issue, with the most convincing results seen in the most common cancers.”"

"Since then, Jews have become more integrated into American life, and Hanukkah has embedded itself in television, office parties, Hallmark stores, Barnes & Nobles, and other leading American cultural institutions."

it's very difficult and i've after almost two years i've become a little bit disillusioned and i'm not real sure that

"Since I became Comptroller General, one of the most important activities in which GAO has been engaged is the development of its first strategic plan for the 21st century."

"Because they are Irish-Catholic, tightknit, and play touch football, the Baldwins constantly compare themselves to the Kennedys . It is a Baldwin commonplace to say that either Alec or Billy will become president."

no kidding i don't know that so the more a car becomes computerized the more TI becomes involved

Our next experiments were designed to examine whether the EGFR becomes tyrosine phosphorylated during ERK activation by DSLET.

The Scots who edit and publish Chambers do not accept what most English and Americans and Canadians do when they say some Scottish words that have become standard English on both sides of the Atlantic.

I became convinced that a strong connection exists between the way that we decorate our homes and the way that we dress ourselves.

"He became the Buddha, the Enlightened One, and embarked on travels to spread his beliefs."

and it's really become quite sophisticated this summer they had Grease and they had the Buddy Holly Story

The angle mesenchyme was more densely packed and continuous with the mesenchyme extending onto the primitive iris that will become the iris stroma (Figure 2D).

"As for Burgon, who later in life became Dean of Chichester, he retains a tiny niche in the history of English literature for two immortal lines of poetry he composed in 1845, much quoted and much admired ever since."

"With the rediscovery of Greek and Roman Classicism, Gothic became distinctly unfashionable."

"The former Roman settlement of Portus, it combined with Calus, its twin town on the opposite bank, to become known as Portucale in the early Middle Ages."

so that's that's really cool i mean there's this one song called Popular that became the song It's Hard with um a different verse

"When the National Research Council published its recommendations for changing the undergraduate training of future life scientists, the BIO2010 report, access to student-based research was a primary recommendation: “Colleges and universities should provide all students with opportunities to become engaged in research …” (National Research Council 2003)."

"Doris Kearns Goodwin ( Meet the Press ) further puddles the issue, insisting the ""whole system has become corrupted."""

But perhaps the main reason is that production of factory-sewn clothing has become increasingly cost effective.

"In 1869 Y okohama became an international port, and the burgeoning international community quickly spread beyond its confinement to the high ground still known today as the Bluff."

that they've just decided to become apathetic towards it all because they realize there's absolutely or they think that there's absolutely nothing they can do about it

"20 And, when the no-shift elasticities of the basic and workshared product are the same, the gains become even smaller and the peak becomes very pronounced."

"The only way an economy can become something more than a bunch of people taking in each other's washing, that is, the only way an economy can actually improve living standards and increase the collective wealth, is when one of two things happens: Either people work more hours, changing empty time into a product or service, or people create more value with those same hours."

"At the time the amendment was enacted, it was fairly clear that the drafters and the public had a broad construction in mind, for the Thirteenth Amendment became the constitutional foundation in 1866 for the first Civil Rights Act—indeed, the Act that is still used today to prosecute those who, like the police who beat up Rodney King, engage in racially motivated deprivations of civil rights."

"The bridge marks the spot where the Buddhist priest Shodo is said to have crossed the river in the year 766 on the backs of two huge serpents, to found the temple that would later become Rinnoji."

i certainly agree with that we have Dallas has now become one of the most

"Pairs of SNPs where D ' values are reversed between the populations also show a reversal of the relative risk (that is, relative risks greater than 1 become less than 1)."

"His camera becomes increasingly energized, and Bulworth's gung-ho tastelessness takes on an exhilarating life of its own."

We explore how the set of practices that traditional retailers drew on to merchandise and distribute products became increasingly costly.

This area has become a haven for both discriminating travelers looking for super-exclusive resorts and budget-conscious tourists seeking secluded beaches off the beaten path.

but what you don't forget is the growing up it's really the period when people become adults

"Its author, a neurologist who has also become a writer by virtue of having published her first nonacademic book, draws on her knowledge of neuroscience, her medical career as a clinician, and her experiences as a patient."

But his latest novels do more than just showcase it; they become its victims.

"In the performances of some groups there is a queen, La Reina, but in others she might be called La Malinche, the Indian woman who became the mistress of Cortés, who represents innocence or the Church."

"African gold brought wealth in ancient times, and the darker skinned Nubians became invaluable trading partners to the ancient Egyptians; living around Aswan in the south, they remain close to their roots and their strong musical traditions."

well i think that you know brand name products that we've become familiar with have in most cases you know gotten better

As structures grow larger and become multiclonal they no longer appear to be dominated by fluid currents and as their density in the population decreases chance positioning by convection becomes less likely.

"In any case, it has become painful to listen to Eastwood talk."

"But as product variety has increased and product life cycles have shortened, this tension has become increasingly acute, prompting inventory management practices to evolve in recent years to meet rapidly changing market demands."

Further west the island takes on less of a tourist feel and agriculture becomes the focus.

when your life becomes sedentary is when you have to make yourself a plan and what's real funny about plans is that there's a struggle between

"The decision stage, however, appears to represent a kind of “cognitive bottleneck” for which the reaction times of the two tasks become interdependent."

"In James Traub's ""New York's Loneliest Liberal,"" he says: ""By the time David Dinkins became mayor in 1989, this kind of spending had made New York ungovernable."

"Many American industry participants and policymakers believe these changes could deal a fatal blow to the U.S. apparel industry, which will become even more exposed to global competition."

"As you cross the bridge into Aranjuez on the road from Madrid, the spacious, geometric town plan becomes apparent."

in in selected in selected spots and that's really becoming a really big problem but that's not to down play the importance of AIDS research you know

"However, at the late stage of cytokinesis, as soon as the two daughter cells begin to separate from each other, GFP-MHCK-C became detectable at the newly formed posterior regions of the two daughter cells."

"James A. Johnson, chairman of both the Kennedy Center and the Brookings Institution, has become, at age 53, Washington, D.C.'s Medici."

"7 In the postbellum institutional shakeup, however, the Court would become more aggressive in exercising its power to overrule decisions by other agencies of government."

"In 1902, Alfonso XIII became king at the age of 16."

it almost became a a popular thing to just to experiment and try it

Other 35S:GFP-COP1 loci become transcriptionally silenced upon exposure to the C73 locus (Fig.

"If the angels (who become serial killers on their trek to New Jersey, gorily murdering Ten Commandments violators as a kind of last hurrah), succeed in their mission, God will be shown to be fallible, the center will not hold, and the apocalypse will destroy all life in the universe."

"An expressive term used among Chicanos to describe other Chicanos who have become very gringo-like, very anglicized (inglesado), or americanizado."

"If you’ve become an enthusiast of large “strolling” gardens, the 18th-century Korakuen, in the nearby town of Okayama, is considered a must by connoisseurs."

i tend to agree with you and i think there's a lot of that um ah yeah we have become lawsuit happy any little thing it's like let's see what i can get don't you think that maybe a lot of that came from um

"Indeed, p53 controls the low-level damage-dependent premeiotic checkpoint which facilitates DNA repair during spermatogenesis [ 25 ] . Gametogenesis is inherently error-prone [ 26 ] and subject to mutations [ 27 ] . Nevertheless, it is imperative to avoid genotoxic complications that could become integrated into the germline."

"But it probably means that expecting eBay to become a proverbial ten-bagger (rise 1,000 percent) from here is a mistake."

"Brunvand calls it a classic automobile legend, and its prevalence has increased since cars became affordable to all social classes."

By the time of Philip of Macedon it had become a thriving commercial port.

uh she then informed me that the woman no longer wanted the little puppy and wanted to know if we wanted to keep it well after you had an animal for a couple of weeks it's uh you become attached you become attached to it

Isaac Benjamin became ensnared in a bureaucratic snafu that took away his Social Security disability payments for more than two years.

"Like his wife Susan Molinari, who quit last year to become a news anchor on CBS, he said his move was prompted by a desire to spend more time with his family."

It has become an industry adept at producing high-quality products in large runs competitively and its strengths and limitations must be understood in this context.

"By a.d. 900, the Hong Kong islands had become a lair for pirates preying on the shipping in the Pearl River Delta and causing a major headache for burgeoning Guangzhou; small bands of pirates were still operating into the early years of the 20th century."

and then so if she ever does become ill

"Building on the foundation established by Dorsey is Wilhelm H. Joseph Jr., who became executive director in 1996."

"As has become common in merger reporting, some of the papers attempt to cloak the event in intrigue and drama."

"My second and core question became, What must a physical system be to be an autonomous agent?"

"After the death of Columbus in 1505, Jamaica became the property of his son Diego, who dispatched Don Juan de Esquivel to the island as Governor."

it is interesting though it becomes a little of personality in fact the the guy that was on the weatherman on channel eight worked for me oh long time ago twenty years or so even longer than that twenty one twenty three years ago or so

"In 1991, faced with rising budget pressures, a growing project inventory, and the need to become more results-oriented, the Corps initiated a comprehensive review of its civil operation and maintenance program."

"Very much to her credit, she hasn't become bitter about her shrinking influence; she's not stuck in whiny nostalgia for the way things were."

Los Penitentes became a strong institution in rural New Mexico because there were too few Catholic priests to oversee the religious life of the people during the early nineteenth century.

"They are proud of the scenic beauty, delectable wines, and exquisite hand embroidery that their tiny island has become rightly famous for."

and of course the salt does melt the ice but then what melts immediately freezes and becomes uh a perpetual problem

"Between these two effects, it is likely that cells with aggregated α-synuclein will become less able to handle damaged or misfolded proteins."

"Almost none of the people you mention as writing those important books of the past were professors--I think of Jane Jacobs, Edmund Wilson, W. H. Whyte--or if they were, they became professors late in life, after having been editors, and the like, for example Dan Bell, and me too."

"So it may begin to be worth raising the question whether the universe can expand into an adjacent possible for vastly longer periods than the current lifetime of the universe, becoming evermore kinetically trapped, thus evermore specific and more refinely dierentiated."

"As you approach St. Giles Cathedral, the Royal Mile becomes High Street."

it has become a necessity

"More recent work by E. Tuomanen, A. Tomaz and their colleagues supported this interpretation, a phenomenon they called phenotypic tolerance [ 29 30 31 ] . They also provided evidence that nutrient limitation was the cause of the decline in the rate of bacterial growth [ 32 ] . Not only do bacteria become increasingly refractory to the majority of antibiotics as their rate of growth declines, but they also adsorb to and replicate bacteriophage less efficiently [ 24 33 ] , as is evident from the PRA values in Fig."

"The subsequent ""Leuchter Report"" became the backbone of Zundel's defense (he lost anyway) and of the burgeoning revisionist movement led by David Irving."

"These folk dance groups became popular in Mexico right after the Mexican Revolution, but did not become prevalent in the United States until the 1960s."

"For art purchases, areas worth exploring are Consell de Cent, in the Eixample; Passeig del Born, becoming a hot new gallery area; and the streets around the contemporary art museum, MACBA, in Raval, where other galleries are quickly springing up."

and so what we go through is uh if you see it smoking there's a problem and having worked with some of the legal folks very closely uh it becomes a real issue especially when it's smoking and you have to get it fixed el pronto

"Some care must be used in the application of this technique because, if the initial estimates of a i and T i are far from the correct values then, for the 3-exponential case, it is possible for the solution to become stuck in a local minimum, far from the global minimum."

"In Milan, a front-page editorial in Corriere Della Sera titled ""The Memory of Lady Diana in Ashes"" sought to explain why ""the river of tears has slowed down and the dissenters from the myth have become bolder and more numerous."""

The narrative of the Fifth Sun is based on an Aztec myth that has become an important cultural expression commonly incorporated into Chicano cultural events.

Lisbon became a thriving outpost under Muslim occupation.

you know then the bad guys would become better at using the guns you know

"Over the past three to four years, says Zon, this area of research has become a growth industry."

"They can drop out of the entire rat race and become folk singers or something, or they can belly up to the bar and play in the real world where money is generally the accepted way we keep score."

"Can quantum geometries become coupled with one another or dierent parts of one quantum geometry become coupled, so to speak, and decohere?"

"Coal was the logical fuel for the long trains carrying coal to the rest of the country, and Datong became the major steam locomotive manufacturer for China."

i think uh you know that uh i think Dallas is becoming diverse enough now to accommodate almost any need

"Interviewed later about the deaths of the Africans, Bin Ladin answered that ""when it becomes apparent that it would be impossible to repel these Americans without assaulting them, even if this involved the killing of Muslims, this is permissible under Islam."""

"The incentive to a commercial author is to get the application on the shelf so she can derive income from it; if Version 1 happens to have bugs in it, the bug fixes become a selling point for Version 2."

The fundamental standards of product identification through bar codes and related technologies have become compatible worldwide without the prescription or regulation of a Bureau of Standards or government regulatory agencies.

It is even becoming something of a commuter town — owning or renting an apartment here costs a fraction of what it would in Hong Kong.

has the opportunity to get out of control and become a huge problem

President Bush explained to us that he had become impatient.

"According to the Chronicle of Higher Education , Fish will become dean of liberal arts and sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago, a respected commuter campus making a bid for greater prestige and attention."

"The redemption and renaissance of our country would become possible only by confronting our “offences,” and that meant recognizing and compensating for the evil of slavery."

"It also became a prime base for missionary activity, with its succession of devout followers of different faiths — the Franciscans, Augustinians, Dominicans, and the Jesuits — which held them in line along with a rigorous Inquisition most notably led by Francis Xavier, who came to Goa in the year 1542."

um but i think they're becoming more aware i think what will make the change is um enough of those who are aware and making an effort to do something about it those are going to have to ridicule

"There he claims to have become a follower of the Islamist extremist teachings of various clerics, including one named Abdullah Sungkar."

"Only the tiniest fraction of this output, however, actually achieves the first level of popular acceptance, and becomes a current hit . Having reached that level, it is almost as difficult to achieve the next one and become a standard , a drink that will still be popular by the time the next generation of current hits comes along."

A lechuza is a woman who has sold her soul to the devil and becomes an owl by night.

"Though it disappeared from the record books following the decline of the Roman Empire in the fifth century — its lineage and magnificent monuments unappreciated — it has risen like a phoenix from the ashes since 1834, the year that it became capital of the modern country of Greece."

uh uh so do i i've become very aware of different political views because some of the things we have to discuss are very politically motivated or whatever i i really enjoyed it it's it's so funny when you live in one part of the country you only see that perspective

Coming to Goodwill was the first step toward my becoming totally independent.

"The children and families who come to Pleasant Run are given the opportunity to become happy, loving, and productive members of our society."

"Because you are an organization that cares, you are invited to become an integral part of this fabulous event by becoming a corporate sponsor for JCC Auction '99."

One of us will call you to discuss how your company can become an important highly visible partner with the JCC in support of our scholarship programs.

"A Big Sister is a mentor, a friend and a role model, helping a young girl to develop the self-confidence and life skills necessary to become a responsible, productive and successful adult."

"For a minimum contribution of $250, you become eligible for a 50% Indiana state tax credit through the Indiana Department of Commerce Neighborhood Assistance Program (NAP)."

I would posit that Bill and Michael and Steve and Jerry have become the Madonnas of the current age of stock market mania and celebration of the entrepreneur.

"Less than one week after September 11, an early version of what was to become the Patriot Act (officially, the USA PATRIOT Act) began to take shape."

"The old draft directive on al Qaeda became, in effect, the first annex."

"If true, this is an ironic name for a city that would become one of the most constantly and bitterly embattled places on the face of the earth."

"But the Roman Empire became Christian in the fourth century, and Jerusalem became a center of religion once again."

"This deeper meaning lay, embedded in the text, ready to come alive for the first time as their Declaration became the sacred text of the American abolitionist movement."

The equality of nations has become a postulate of the international legal order.

"In the contemporary liberal culture, equality is one of those values that has become so deeply held that it is neither questioned nor justified."

The question of the black franchise became associated with the fears of Democrats that a coalition of freedmen and Republicans would dominate the postbellum South.

"The idea of human dignity, which we now take to be a shared premise of Western civilization, became the backdrop for our current faith in human rights and crimes against humanity."

"So, it, that became a normal thing with us."

"Meaning if they accept it, it becomes moot."

"You were asked to become a plaintiff in this case by the ACLU, were you not?"

"Now, is it an accurate statement that in the year 2004, prior to you becoming a plaintiff in this case, you had never attended a single board meeting --"

"Now, did you ever speak to any of the teachers at Dover High School before you became a plaintiff in this case?"

"And so if you don't believe everything in the newspapers, don't you think before you became a plaintiff in a lawsuit that you should have taken some personal action to verify whether things that were produced in a newspaper were really accurate?"

"It's just that I didn't give much credit to Noel Weinrich's comments because he would say things like, Darwin's at least what, years old, a theory becomes a theory if you say it over and over again."

I have lately been reading accounts of the exploration of the western and northwestern deserts of Australia in the 1870s and I have become very aware of the effect absent necessities might have on the frequency of particular items in discourse.

I have lately been reading accounts of the exploration of the western and northwestern deserts of Australia in the 1870s and I have become very aware of the effect absent necessities might have on the frequency of particular items in discourse.

"In every field, women too numerous to list were involved in developing knowledge and contributing to the welfare of their societies as they did so: the Roman Fabiola established a hospital where she worked both as nurse and doctor, becoming the first known woman surgeon before she died in AD 399."

"The interest in man's forebears did not become fashionable upon the publication, a few years ago, of Roots : on a far larger scale, we have been trying to discover all we can about the origins not of men but of man."

"..[were] approaching the water obstacle during the cross-country section of the Harrods International Grand Prix when the leading pair became confused, turned back and became entangled with the second pair."

The zoot suit became a symbolic disguise that identified the zoot-suiter as neither a Mexican nor an American.

"The minister who has a personal website on the internet, further said that he wanted Dubai to become the best place in the world for the advanced (hitech) technological companies."

And so vocabulary became electric for me.

"Because the textile industry has become so capital intensive, there are fewer jobs than in the past—but the people who remain are, on average, paid more than apparel workers; some lower-skill jobs, such as the picker tender opening bales of fiber, have now been automated out of existence."

Many Bermudian businessmen and sailors were paid in money that became worthless after the Unionists won the war.

It has become obvious to me already how crucial the latest techniques and materials are to all fields of dentistry.

"So, it's, it's become something that been unique as a collection of tapes."

It was necessary to settle the inevitable family quarrel about the kind of nation the United States would become.

"He stayed for only a few days but returned in 1502, landing here when the ships of his fleet became unserviceable; he waited at St. Ann’s Bay for help to arrive from Cuba."

"Where he had a, where he became, tried to become, a farmer and this was an area about 60 miles southwest of Toronto in what at the time must have been a pretty remote part of part of the province."

"His classic work, With His Pistol in His Hand: A Border Ballad and Its Hero, first published in 1958, has become a standard work in Chicano studies and American folklore."

"When bathing in the sea became popular at the end of the 18th century, wealthy families from Edinburgh began to spend days here “taking the waters” in state-of-the art “bathing machines. ”"

As we enter a new century we hope that you too will wish to become a corporate partner.

"He became a plumber's helper, you know and it killed him."

But it didn’t take long before most retailers wanted orders for basic apparel items replenished this way and they became very demanding.

Cosimo the Elder (1389–1464) became the city’s ruler and founder of the Medici dynasty in 1434.

I am writing to thank you for contacting Prevent Child Abuse New York and to invite you to continue sharing our mission by becoming a member.

"Well, it's one of my favorite books now, but then it was; it became my passion."

"Of course, becoming an advanced manufacturer is not just a matter of buying more information technologies or setting up a short-cycle assembly line."

"By the early 18th century Canarians had become fully Spanish in both outlook and loyalties, and many volunteers joined the Peninsular War (Spaniards call it the War of Independence) which ended in 1814 with the restoration of Ferdinand VII to the Spanish throne."

Please use the enclosed pledge card and return envelope to become part of the mirror that IRT provides.

I became a pitcher.

"Complex pairs of quantum objects that decohere readily, or classical objects and those quantum objects that are caused to decohere readily when interacting with the classical object, form preferred pairs that tend to decohere, hence become frozen into classicity."

"But the Jamaicans voted instead for full independence, which became official on 6 August 1962."

"I hope you have read, in the school's Alumni Bulletin, how our dental school has taken aggressive steps to streamline operations and enhance academic opportunities while becoming more financially efficient."

"But, um, one of the other areas, uh, I did learn to enjoy, I can't remember exactly when it was, but science fiction became, became intriguing to me, and I think it was during high school years."

"“By the 1930s the charro costume became an institutionalized part of the Mariachi tradition when the government required Mariachis performing for official functions to wear charro outfits” (1993, 17)."

"Bahamians have always had to fend for themselves, and this resourcefulness has led them to become proficient at a number of practical handicrafts, many of which make beautiful souvenirs."

You can make a contribution to the Free Library and become a member of the Citywide Friends with the attached form.

"In fact my aunt who just died within the last month was living in the house that my grandmother and grandfather built when they first moved to Guelph very old wood-framed house on two lots and at the time this wasn't a big deal but now it is, there's about a hundred yards of, a hundred yard wide strip of forest behind the house and then behind that is a private country club, and a very nice one and so the land the land has become very valuable."

"On this interpretation, my claim that we cannot finitely prestate the configuration space of a biosphere becomes the claim that the biosphere keeps generating new “causal axioms” from which it generates novel forms."

"Covering some 2.5 hectares (6 acres), it has palms of every variety and the centerpiece is a huge South American fig tree whose enormous branches and roots have become intertwined into one great tree house."

"And we just became very, very close friends and loved them dearly."

"At first, it was easy to add new species, but it became progressively harder until no more species could be added."

"Now the increased tourist traffic has encouraged local people to set up stalls by the roadside, and some of the villages have become quite accustomed to visitors."

"They watched everybody's coming and going when we, we kids on the street became teenagers."

"Yet, under the National Socialists, the code, which contains the provisions on family law, became tainted with notions of racial purity."

"By 638 they controlled Palestine, and with the construction of the Dome of the Rock and the El-Aksa Mosque in Jerusalem this became the third-holiest of all Muslim cities (after Mecca and Medina)."

Funds are needed here for use as seed money as we work toward establishing projects that should become self-supporting for the school.

"I had a dream once of becoming a musician, most specifically, probably a producer slash rapper-writer extraordinaire in the music business and all of my hopes and dreams were shattered once I actually got involved in the music industry."

"Although the concept is not mentioned in the Constitution, the freedom to say “yes” or “no” to particular commercial relationships has become an essential dimension of personhood."

"At the same time, an architect named Robert Adam became popular in the fashionable circles of the well-to-do, having made a name for himself in England."

Act today to reserve your FREE CLOCK and become a member of the National Audubon Society.

"And, um, the teachers themselves didn't necessarily emphasize it, it just became, the library became my favorite place."

"Hence, it became more probable that specific pairs of spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes might become linked in a variety of ways, capturing the energy resources of the spontaneous processes that could then flow in constrained ways into the nonspontaneous processes to yield novel consequences."

"To the delighted curiosity of Japanese visitors, the houses are filled with the kind of Victorian paraphernalia that is becoming increasingly popular in modern Japan: damask-covered furniture, an upright piano, a massive mahogany sideboard, and a grand old gramophone with a big horn, manufactured by the Nippon-Ophone Company."

"Your gift, along with the many others we receive, will provide vital resources for today's Girl Scouts to become tomorrow's community and business leaders."

"My friend Maria Cartsokalis, um, who I went to school with at St. Andrew's, and we became friends when I was in fifth or sixth grade and she lived across the street from me and I loved to go to her house because she had a pool and my parents did not."

Windermere and nearby Bowness became major resort towns.

I write to ask you to become a supporter of the Moving Company.

"And so, he helped his uncle escape the chain gang and after they got back in NC his uncle became sick, and within about three months, uh died from tuberculosis."

Supposedly the word gained popularity after Avila Camacho became president of Mexico because in ballads macho easily rhymed with Camacho.

"The rebellion was crushed, Dhaskaloyiánnis was flayed alive, and the event became the subject of a rousing epic poem."

"When diabetes took his sight he suffered severe depression, became withdrawn, and all but refused to leave his home until he went for rehabilitation training at WBRC."

"Where he had a, where he became, tried to become, a farmer and this was an area about 60 miles southwest of Toronto in what at the time must have been a pretty remote part of part of the province."

"The party of Lincoln became the radicals in Congress, and Lincoln’s successor, Andrew Johnson, himself from Tennessee with roots in the yeomanry of the former Confederacy, was less eager than Congress to effectuate a cleansing of the governments that had supported the rebellion."

"West of Maspalomas the coastline becomes dominated by towering, rather barren looking cliffs, that every now and again form natural bays and coves well-suited to become resorts in their own right."

"Um, and she played tennis at our club on Saturday, and then we got together and went to the anniversary party, and ended up out with some friends of ours after that was over, and, I think, basically spent the entire weekend together, and I just became closer and closer and closer to her."

The relationship of government to private individuals becomes triadic or three-cornered.

"In 1967 elections, the Progressive Liberal Party was victorious, its leader Lynden O. Pindling becoming premier."

"Um, so that became, that has become one of my favorites, Little Women, that started in, um, high school."

"The industry underwent another substantial restructuring in the 1980s, and product lines became even more concentrated."

"On the wharf, take a ferry across to the lovely little Ile aux Coudres, another fishing community that has become a favorite artists’ haunt."

Grants are becoming harder to secure and we must look to the generosity of individuals to sustain the program.

"So he doesn't know but he, he doesn't die he survives um and grows old becomes an old, old, an old Indian and, um, um, becomes you know one of the leaders of the tribe but he's always got this one goal is to find that mountain lion that got his arm and really he doesn't really care that much about the mountain lion he wants his arm or somebody's arm."

Justice Harlan’s fidelity to Lincoln’s vision of the postbellum constitutional order becomes clear in his appeal to the concept of nationhood.

"Its ruler, Chandragupta Maurya (321–297 b.c. ), was also to become the founder of India’s first imperial dynasty with Pataliputra (modern Patna), the world’s largest city at the time, as its capital."

"65% of participants will indicate that since they have been coming to the YMCA, caring about other people has become more important to them."

"Guadalupe became the symbol of Indian Catholicism, different from the European Catholicism of the Spaniards."

"At the eastern end of Back Lane and turning right, Nicholas Street becomes Patrick Street, and in St. Patrick’s Close is St. Patrick’s Cathedral (see page 42)."

"More than 1,000 individuals and some 1,000 organizations participate annually in courses and workshops offered by the Center's Fund Raising School, the only national university-based fund raising training program with an international reputation for helping organizations become leaders in ethical fund raising."

So this fixture in our house became this Mr. Speckman person.

"Born in northern New Mexico on May 16, 1894 (although some sources give her birth date as 1898), Fabiola Cabeza de Baca became a famous home economist, teacher, folklorist, and writer."

The trade in sugar cane and spices was becoming profitable.

"As a leader of the law school, I urge you to consider a significant annual gift of at least $1,000 and become a member of the Maennerchor Society."

"And so she moved to New York and she went to school there, she made it through school and she did become a attorney."

"For a central puzzle of quantum mechanics becomes the relation between this odd quantum world of possible events, where the possibilities can propagate, but never become actual, and the classical world of actual events."

"Laozi is immortalized by his book of thoughts on man, nature, and the universe, Daodejing (“The Way and Its Power”), which became the major text of China’s greatest indigenous religion, Daoism (Taoism)."

"If you would like to become a member of ELM, please fill out the enclosed membership form and send it back at your earliest convenience."

"So he doesn't know but he, he doesn't die he survives um and grows old becomes an old, old, an old Indian and, um, um, becomes you know one of the leaders of the tribe but he's always got this one goal is to find that mountain lion that got his arm and really he doesn't really care that much about the mountain lion he wants his arm or somebody's arm."

In many U.S. cities Día de los Muertos ritual celebrations have become community affairs that include more than the Chicano community and may entail a procession through the streets ending at a local school or community center.

"Less conservative than Martinique, Guadeloupe of late seems to be bidding to become the nudist playground of the Caribbean."

"IUPUI envisions a complete and unified university campus, one that will become a model for public higher education for the nation's cities."

"It's just a natural thing if you, if you have certain guy friends that you become very possessive over and you see someone, whether it's their new girlfriend or their new best friend or whatever, comes in and takes up some of your time, I think it's just human nature to get jealous and to kind of put up a, you know, an offensive front to whoever the invader or the intruder is."

     the community will become supracritical.

"Ibiza became a mere backwater, largely forgotten but for shipwreck or plague."

"As you know, just a few short weeks from now, families everywhere will be celebrating Mother's Day, honoring mothers in ways that have become so familiar to all of us over the years."

"And, um, the teachers themselves didn't necessarily emphasize it, it just became, the library became my favorite place."

"Although rancheras are intensely male centered, there are several female singers who became famous singing rancheras, such as Lola Beltran, Lucha Villa, and Amalia Mendoza."

"But while this is still true to a degree, the gap is now closing and Lisbon is becoming altogether more European."

"I became so frustrated in 1985, I made a business of helping disabled veterans."

"And why did she go out and become a heron addict or--"""

"In honor of our recent arrival become a proud parent of the Indianapolis Zoo's newest African Elephant, ""Amali"" which means hope."

And my grandfather ran away from home as a very young boy and became a sailor and sailed back and fourth across the Atlantic.

The short-cycle plant becomes more competitive for two reasons: (1) there is less work-in-process; and (2) the finished goods inventory level necessary to satisfy retail demand for each SKU is less because the short-cycle plant can respond to actual demand more quickly.

"After Parliament in London abolished slavery in 1833, there was a transitional apprenticeship period of 5 years before all slaves in the colony became fully free on 1 August 1838."

He became so frustrated with available jobs that he went into business for himself.

and um i'm not sure that people in the education establishment really know what their purpose is and i'm really sad to say this i never thought i would have but i really think that uh the educational establishment has become part of the problem

"As with other federal agencies, performance information is becoming an increasingly important part of DOD's budget process."

"Wolf, whose $15,000 per month retainer was just cut to $5,000, urged Gore to condemn President Clinton for his sexual foibles and to become an ""alpha male."""

"I mean I just, and, and, therefore, the dictionary itself became something that I really, I mean if I had to choose one book besides my Bible it would be the dictionary!"

"The three promises of Gettysburg—nationhood, equality, and democracy—should have become the guiding values for interpreting the amendments that would govern postbellum America."

"In order to help Balinese better prepare for new jobs in the tourism market, English language courses became mandatory in middle and secondary schools throughout the island."

"But what I'm proudest of, is that our education program has become a national leader among fully professional not-for-profit regional theatres."

well that's that's true uh i've become i've kind of become a Rangers fan over the last eleven years since i've been here

"Once executive management endorses the centrality of the CIO organization and becomes a partner in the development of new systems, the CIO organization must execute its responsibilities successfully."

"Your computer would have become the instantly searchable repository of all your correspondence, financial transactions, data searches, and phone conversations."

Why do you think they're becoming so trendy in recent years?

"The agringado figure has become a stock character in Chicano culture and is frequently encountered in folklore, literature, and popular culture."

"The first Dutch military expeditions disembarked near Singaraja, which became the island’s administrative capital and the colony’s chief port."

So please become an Audubon Society Member now!

um it's it's becoming really health conscious

"Over time, policies and procedures may become inadequate because of changes in threats, changes in operations, or deterioration in the degree of compliance."

"Yet the overall picture is positive: The private schools are becoming more integrated while the suburbs are becoming more integrated, too."

"But, um, one of the other areas, uh, I did learn to enjoy, I can't remember exactly when it was, but science fiction became, became intriguing to me, and I think it was during high school years."

"Originally it was organized for religious observances and practices, including pious prayer and bodily penance, but the society eventually became very important in providing mutual aid to the local communities."

"Martinique and Guadeloupe, formal départements since 1946, have recently become régions in an administrative reshuffle."

"My dream is to see every American become part of the Olympic family, so please give whatever you can."

well uh it it it it becomes sort of a a topic where i sit there and and i have a knee jerk reaction and then i have a a reaction after i think about it a little longer uh

Treatment was continued until disease progression became evident or side effects became intolerable.

Increasingly I fear that golf has become auto racing.

"I know that I fell in love with her that weekend, um, and ever since then, she has been an absolutely fantastic part of my life, very integral to the person that, uh, I have become."

The simple act of destroying a piece of cloth becomes a major event watched closely by the police and the media.

"By 1558, after Henry VIII’s break with the Roman Catholic Church, all the existing foundations in Dublin had become Anglican (see page 14)."

but to get down to the beach you had to walk down a real steep embankment i mean it was so steep they had put railroad ties as stair steps every once in a while mainly for the erosion and that became a path as it were

"Larry Harley, who became its executive director in 1993 and still holds that office, joined it in 1975 as a paralegal and came back in 1979 as a lawyer."

"But Dalí rapidly became slack, repetitious, corrupt, and in the end completely pathetic."

"One of my best friends growing up, um, was named Bonnie Martin, and I met her when I was in fourth grade at St. Andrew's Catholic School and we became friends, um, almost immediately because we learned that we lived close to one another and it was about maybe the second or third week of school when she invited me to her house, and she lived, um, in an oceanfront house, and, uh, we went, um, we spent the day watching TV, watching General Hospital, which was both of are favorite shows, and we would walk on the beach, and we would play with her dog and then we would walk down to the pond and feed the ducks and we would ride our bicycles all around the neighborhood."

"Warsaw, more strategically located in the center of the country, became the official capital of Poland in 1596."

"When your gift helps an outstanding student become an outstanding teacher, you will know that you, too, have touched the future."

oh lot of stuff that actually has uh ended up becoming popular like uh Nirvana and uh

"Although public attention usually focuses on the dates by which the trust funds are projected to become insolvent, the effects associated with financing cash deficits for these programs will be felt sooner as the baby boom generation begins to retire."

"Lemann got one detail wrong: Griswold didn't become Yale's president until a few months after Buckley graduated, so the president in question would have been Griswold's predecessor, Charles Seymour."

So you became a character.

"If I am not yet entirely convinced and if I am  as I am  biased, I nevertheless become increasingly confident that cells, and probably communities of cells, do live in the ordered regime near the edge of chaos."

"The lowering of duties and trade barriers at a time of considerable shipping expansion had the desired effect, and Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas soon became two of the world’s busiest ports."

It was here they became

if that uh becomes less and less likely factory jobs are so much more um uh sophisticated

There are now examples in which research on priority areas for the developing nations can actually become pioneering work in areas neglected by the research agenda of the industrialized world.

"Soon after his return, Maggs encounters Tobias Oates, a novelist and self-styled ""cartographer"" of the ""Criminal Mind,"" of which Maggs is soon forced to become the hapless embodiment."

"And she and Leola, Leola brought her over to see Daddy for a condolence call, and sparks flew and they started going out and that's when they decided to get married and she became my stepmom."

"It is interesting to remark that at some point if the dimensionality of the adjacent possible of a microstate of the Earth system increases enough, the volume within a microstate corresponding to flow to a specific adjacent possible microstate will become small enough that it must run up against Heisenberg’s “uncertainty principle.”"

"His successor, Ramón Berenguer IV, united Catalonia with neighboring Aragón by marriage, and his son Alfonso II became the first joint-king of Aragón and Catalonia and was known as “the Emperor of the Pyrenees.”"

"We need your help to continue our work, particularly as we enable area families with low incomes to become home owners."

uh it's as years go by it becomes more fun now than it was twenty eight years ago you know but uh

", 1 bp change per 100 bp) in FastGroup, then the two major ClustalX Groups become apparent (e.g."

"And, since rock's into defining moments, perhaps we can agree that, if July 9, 1955, is Year Zero, then the day David Bowie became the Man Who Sold Himself--for a rock 'n' roller's only inventory is his image and his songs--is Year Zero-Zero-Zero-Zero-Zero-Zero--the $55 million day rock 'n' roll finally gave up on revolution."

I was surprised that you haven't become a librarian.

After the Mexican Revolution rancheras became more agreeable to the upper classes because of the movement toward a Mexican identity and nationalism and a rejection of European cultural values.

"Québec is said to be derived from an Algonquin word meaning “where the river narrows,” and this becomes most apparent when you see the city’s great outcrop of rock, jutting out over the St. Lawrence."

The Indiana Historical Society would like you to become a member.

i think that a company or a boss could use this you know they could keep on doing this to you or something i guess i can see where it could become a problem

"Note that since the discount is equal to the savings experienced at the margin as additional pieces become workshared, the base (1996) position becomes the efficient component pricing (ECP) position."

"Others, notably Ken Shamrock (Frank's brother), have become pro wrestlers."

"Uh, it's interesting how, uh, stories become so impressionable the younger the hearer."

"In the debates about the rights of New Orleans butchers before the Supreme Court, the notion of citizenship and its privileges became the stakeholder for any residual yearnings to express the rights of the nation."

"And as Ger­many’s own imperial ambitions grew, competition for world markets became intense."

"As we become independent, please help us strengthen the distinction of your degree."

so then it becomes a kind of music of of it's own so to speak or hm

"Once chromosomal positions of the QTLs have been determined to a precision of 1-3 cM, reducing the probability that a QTL actually represents a cluster of linked genes, it will become appropriate to assess strengths of candidates using transgenic animals and by sequence comparisons [ 43]."

But somehow it seems unlikely that spinning would have become such an institutionalized practice if investment banks didn't have a pretty good sense that a stock's price was going to jump on its opening day.

"It just sounded very interesting and uh, I've become quite a fan of his."

"At some point, the community as a whole might become chemically supracritical."

"Funchal’s deep natural harbor propelled the city’s development in the 15th and 16th centuries, when Ma­dei­ra became known to expeditions on their way to the Far East and Americas."

You are invited to become a part of this important new venture to strengthen this growing partnership of two great state universities in Indianapolis.

and support the institution and a instead of becoming adversaries to the teachers so that the uh the teacher's in the middle

Some units whose members had become separated during the climb attempted to regroup so they could descend together.

"Michael Pollan, the writer and magazine editor, writes in A Place of My Own about how he had become so disconnected with the physical world that he finally decided to hammer together a writing hut in his backyard, a desperate attempt to make contact with real objects."

"And, um, she was, she became, she was a teaching nun, she taught in a school, um, Marymount was the name of the, uh, of the convent and, and the school, and they had a, a school in Tarrytown but they also had a school in Manhattan."

"For the postwar Germans, then, the law, and particularly the Basic Law became the means for suppressing evil impulses and returning to the promises of an earlier national self."

"With his ambition of uniting the states of Brandenburg and Prussia, it was the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1640–1688) who prepared Berlin to become a strong capital, and fortified it as a garrison town."

to the point where he uh became fairly stable i mean he he knew who we were when we went in to visit him even though he couldn't communicate with us

"Syk from all clones analyzed became tyrosine phosphorylated after BCR stimulation (lanes 2, 5, 8 and 11)."

A position that seemed logical a while ago now becomes irrational.

"Anyway, she became a nun, and, um, I would go and visit her."

"The local Theban god Amon became intertwined with Ra creating the deity Amon Ra and around 1800 b.c. , the female Osiris cult developed into a main deity."

The Indianapolis Zoo recently became the first zoo to breed successfully the critically endangered Grand Cayman blue iguana.

business um and then go on to become President sure you bet and

"Countering terrorism has become, beyond any doubt, the top national security priority for the United States."

"Eventually, the consequences will become unbearable to one side or the other."

"I didn't really ask any questions I just thought it was interesting that she was putting the petals up her nose, and it kind of became fun to kind of cheer her into keep doing it, so I was like keeping going, keep going, ""Yes!"

"Although Bourke was first and foremost a military man, he became interested in ethnology and anthropology and wrote extensively on these subjects."

"North of Oike, Teramachi becomes home to some of Kyoto’s most respected antique and washi shops, some of which have been in business for hundreds of years."

Turn back the hands of time and remember when you made the decision to become a dental hygienist.

a car so so they they have become a very vital part of our of our monetary system over the last few years

"As the array of hope in recent years, gene expression array technology has quickly grown into a powerful tool to chart a gene atlas in various biological sources and under various conditions in a massively parallel manner [ 5 6 7 ] . Facing the challenge of annotating such a huge amount of genomic data, increasing array information density and improving analysis algorithms have become two critical research areas to ensure that gene expression profiling proceeds in an efficient and cost effective manner."

The answer says everything about what Evans has become.

"Um, well, do you think it also helped when you became a parent that you naturally wanted to read to your kids?"

"If no one can learn or exploit a given kind of job, that sort of job will not be widely populated and will not become diVerentiated into a family of similar jobs."

"Two more foreign kings ruled after Róbert, but it was a Hungarian noble, János Hunyadi, who was to become the national saviour in the mid-15th century."

Yet those cards quickly became obsolete as computers shrank in size and new data-handling technologies were invented.

yeah my mother has made similar statements that she doesn't want to become a burden to the family you know just put me out to pasture or shoot me or something you know there are the lines that come from her and uh

"While training at al Qaeda camps, a dozen of them heard Bin Ladin's speeches, volunteered to become suicide operatives, and eventually were selected as muscle hijackers for the planes operation."

"The Nazi flag of the opening scene has become a Tibetan one, which they place on the summit."

Made his own way in life and became a member of school board.

"In short, there seems to be no way to prespecify either the quantum or classical variables that will become relevant to the physical evolution of the universe."

"Erechtheus — part man, part snake — was a legendary King of Athens who, over the generations, became closely connected with Poseidon."

yeah well i'm i'm certainly certainly sure that uh any drug test results would become a part of that

"As shorter chronic tests were developed, it became common practice to apply the same terminology to the endpoints."

"In early 1997, McCain became chairman of the commerce committee, which oversees the cable industry."

"These individuals become their heroes, and uh, they try to emulate them."

"In the verbal folklore repertoire of Chicanos, jokes abound about Mexicans who become Anglos and adopt the values, mannerisms, food, clothing styles, and verbal expressions of the dominant society."

The buildings here have great artistic and historic importance and for this reason have become the focus of a French-funded restoration project.

Our challenge is to maintain the tradition of our past and to become even stronger in the future.

my husband had an aunt who was addicted to the soaps and i want you to know that became the most suspicious cantankerous contrary old woman that ever was i mean she

Tang and Lane [ 49 ] showed that C/EBPα becomes associated with peri-centromeric chromatin upon expression during adipocyte differentiation.

"Anyone who compares the multifarious dictionaries bearing the Webster name cannot help observing the differences in quality, quantity, and treatment offered: the name has become meaningless, made inferior by its universal application to virtually any kind of dictionary."

"She was living at the same place at the time, uh, you know, it was sad of course it was also, you know, it was a binding experience my family did become closer after that, you know, because you know united in tragedy I guess you could say."

"In the 1890s, the Pledge of Allegiance, our secular prayer to the flag, spontaneously spread across the country and became a standard part of the socialization process for all American children."

"The blockade finally ended in May 1949, and West Berlin became a Land linked administratively with, but thus far not politically incorporated into, the new Federal Republic of Germany."

As a member of the family of Girl Scouts we need your continued support to help these dreams become a reality.

really i've heard a lot of good things about it but i've also heard that it can it becomes slow

"When, after three transitional years, Randall became head of Kings College London's physics department and director of a biophysics research unit sponsored by the Medical Research Council (MRC), Wilkins was his deputy."

"Steiner opens the collection with ""The Uncommon Reader,"" a tour-de-force meditation on Jean-Siméon Chardin's painting Le Philosophe lisant , which becomes, through attentive reading of details--""his folio, his hourglass, his incised medallions, his ready quill""--an emblem for the vanishing culture of book and reader."

In the last thirty years Mariachi festivals have become very popular throughout the Southwest.

"The Spanish remained for another 60 years, and Madeira became a Spanish territory."

so it's it's really become i don't know really become a mainstay i guess i can't even

"the withdrawal of nutrition and hydration [ 21 22 ] ), patient monitoring, the stage and circumstances of the illness in which sedation can be offered or employed, and the informed consent process with patients and surrogates [ 23 ] . Requests for sedation seem to become of increasing relevance in advance directives, but the ethical implications may rise to conflicts between patients' wishes to hasten death and physicians' intentions to provide the best care and not to shorten life."

"(Participants in the fourth study were able to assess their abilities more realistically, but only by becoming less incompetent.)"

"Um, I couldn't, um, help like bail the hay, pick up the hay, do anything because I was so small, so my mom and my dad and my older sister could, um, help collect the hay so my job became driving the truck and I could reach the pedals."

"The connection between blood and salvation becomes much stronger, however, in the Christian interpretation of its Jewish legacy."

The park was established in 1935 and was given Corbett’s name after India became independent.

"Day by day, your support as a member of the Conservancy becomes more and more crucial to the success of our work -- to protect and save natural areas that soon may be lost forever."

but i don't know my feeling is that American cars to keep up at all are becoming more reliable also so i may consider buying um an American made car

"Additionally, C-reactive protein reduces endothelial nitric oxide synthase, upregulates the proatherosclerotic NF-κB pathway, enhances low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake by macrophages, which become foam cells, and facilitates T-cell- and complement-mediated destruction and apoptosis of the endothelium [2,26,29–31]."

It did not go over and became known as the Philadelphia Urinal.

"Turns out he was not very successful as a farmer and gave that up and moved into the city of Guelph which was a decent sized a free standing city outside of, of Toronto but much smaller than Toronto and build a house there and became, did a variety of jobs ah I don't believe I don't know if he had a particular trade other than being a sailor so he worked in a variety of jobs."

Rethinking how to service stringent retail replenishment requirements for ever broadening product lines in more selling seasons has become a central business challenge.

Hitler became Chancellor on 30 January 1933.

Special Opportunities No organization can anticipate every opportunity that may become available during its next budget cycle.

and you know like you said i i like the point that you brought up that that you said really it it needs to be individualized and i think as that happens more that the schooling will become better

The spouse was hospitalised for an invasive S. epidermitis infection that developed approximately two days after an undressed surgical incision became contaminated with sand blowing from an adjacent field treated with Class B biosolids.

"Regis and Kathie Lee quickly became figures of ridicule, the embodiment of unhip."

"I think that is really, um, putting your reading into real-life, uh, experiences and making your reading become a part of you and personalizing."

"Large numbers of young men from El Paso, speaking the pachuco argot, settled in Los Angeles during the early 1940s, and it was there that they became recognized as an identifiable group, and considered to be gang members."

"This impressive assembly earned the fertile Río Ameca Valley (just north of present day Puerto Vallarta) the name Valle de Banderas (Valley of the Banners), and the great bay just in front of the valley became known as Bahía de Banderas."

"Not only have many of our class juggled family and job responsibilities with studies, but they also have made time to participate in student activities which have become traditions in our school."

your concern on the economies was one in terms of if it became a state would that put even more pressures on on Puerto Rico or pressures on the US in terms of aid or

"After four serial passages in the immunocompetent mice, the infection became completely refractory to ACV treatment."

"An opinion poll published Monday in the Guardian of London found, surprisingly, that a large proportion of Britons think Australia should ditch the monarchy: Forty percent said it should become a republic and 34 percent that it should keep the queen as its head of state."

"But here I am, I knew and became very close to someone, my Aunt Mary, who in turn took care of my great-grandfather, and knew well, was old enough to recollect, you know, his stories."

"In eect, the finite length of the strings prevents consideration of space becoming infinitely curved at a point."

"The adjacent George C. Page Museum (5801 Wilshire Boulevard) has on display the skeletons of mammoths, mastodons, saber-toothed tigers, and other unfortunate creatures who became trapped in the sticky tar during the last Ice Age."

You can become a Branch Friend at your local branch.

you i think they do come become less aware and

This one compartment definition of FPM has become the standard definition in some laboratories [ 4 ] .

In those terms I have become richer.

"And, ah, anyway, she, she decide, she said that she was, that she made this decision that she was going to go into the convent, and become a nun."

Only a woman can become a lechuza.

Iráklion was a thriving port in Minoan times and became known as Herakleium under Roman rule.

"You become a member of the Citywide Friends of the Free Library as a benefit of giving $25 or more annually to the Free Library Foundation, and you can also join the Branch Friends in your neighborhood by paying a nominal membership fee at your local branch."

and was presented to the court as a fine upstanding young man who had uh been in seminary to become a priest and yeah

"As the discount level (on the horizontal axis) gets up to ¾ of a cent, 20 billion pieces become presorted."

"It's the beginning of what Bill McKibben called ""the end of nature""--that is, when nature became no longer an autonomous, self-regulating force but one touched (and, in Miyazaki's view, poisoned) by human industry."

"And, of course, the goal of this, uh, these sessions was to help individuals to become more familiar with uh, some of the uh, concerns and problems that uh, they may have due to language uh, new country and ability to uh, interpret what's happening around them."

"The Gothic style became an established alternative for building country houses, and pointed arches appeared in décor and furniture."

Another important ceremony took place in 1999 when Macau became part of China.

"We are also studying the transformation of a blighted warehouse building into artists' live-work loft space, which could become a cultural and economic magnet for the area."

just about as good a health care coverage that anybody can get that this uh then becomes an obligation of the government because it's gonna become an obligation of either state local or federal government anyway

"The Legal Aid Bureau has become a lead player in the justice community by building partnerships with other organizations, the courts and the mediaCoall critical components to make justice available to all in Maryland."""

Visionary has even become a profession.

"This gentleman put her through nursing school, Memaw became a nurse, was working in the hospital, and was taking care of this one patient in particular, a woman who had just given birth to twins and had complications."

"Many Chicanos, who may not have known the appellation pelado, nonetheless became familiar with the comic vagabond through Mexican films."

"By 1674, when Louis XIV took formal control of the islands from the debt-ridden commercial administrators, Martinique had become France’s colonial capital in the Lesser Antilles."

There are many ways to become involved with the Indianapolis Zoo and White River Gardens.

"Besides becoming gringo-like, a Chicano agringado may overtly reject Mexican American culture, the music, the values, and even the Spanish language, by pretending not to speak it."

"The 45-minute, 48-km (30-mile) drive along winding coastal Highway 333 from Halifax southwest to Peggy’s Cove has become a photographer’s pilgrimage."

We are becoming an institution without walls!

Whether the Union forces could properly seize ships without congressional approval became one of the early legal controversies of the war.

Each is reached down long roads that become progressively more private-looking as the beach nears.

"On his way to becoming an entrepreneur's entrepreneur, the Vietnam veteran suffered a number of setbacks and gained experience as a soldier, businessman, father, skier, and ""Spiderman""."

He became a bandit and robber after many wrongs were committed against him by Americans.

"At least 6 stories high, they were reached through narrow alleys called “closes” or “wynds” that became the focus of city life."

Now more than ever girls need your support to help their dreams become a reality.

"José Alfredo Jimenez wrote over 500 songs, many becoming classics that continue to be sung today by younger artists, that have a universal sentiment that speaks to the hearts of Chicanos."

"The serpentine stone bulwark and elevated highway became Wanlichangcheng — “The Wall Ten Thousand Li Long” (about 6,000 km/3,700 miles)."

"THE GIRL SCOUT MISSION ""To inspire girls with the highest ideals of character, conduct, patriotism, and service so that they may become happy and resourceful citizens."""

The substitution of the Americans for the covenanted Jews—however sacrilegious the idea may sound—landed in the New World with the Puritans and became a standard item of Protestant theology.

"Many of these same itineraries can be covered on two wheels as well as on two feet, and mountain biking and bike touring are becoming more popular."

"Your past contribution provided a direct line of support for local programs that promote health and wellness, strengthen families, invest in our children, help people become self-sufficient, and serve the elderly and disabled."

"If dierent parts of a single spin network geometry can become coupled, it is natural to assume that flat parts might decohere more slowly than distorted parts of that geometry."

"The Summer Palace became her countryside version of the Forbidden City, her residence of choice even when the heat of summer diminished."

"We appreciate your taking time to read about Futures for Children, I hope you are inspired to become a Sponsor and/or a Member."

"From 1832 onwards, when governor-general Lord William Bentinck spent a happy summer here, it became the most prestigious hill-station."

"Mirroring Abe's actions and seeing the results, he or she can become that much more confident, that much more able to face a difficult world and that much more willing to face personal responsibility."

She attended the Loretto Academy in Las Vegas and after graduating from high school became a teacher in a rural area six miles from her father’s ranch in La Liendre.

"When Ieyasu became shogun in 1603, Edo in turn became the seat of national government — and its castle the largest in the world."

"These buyers became the most important managers in wholesaler-jobber companies, foreshadowing the key status of the buyer in later retail organizations."

"Cala Mondragó is practically undeveloped (by the standards of coastal Mallorca), and may stay that way by order of the regional government, which has become alarmed by the specter of unchecked building along the coast."

Or who helps Randy break a cycle of violence and become a better dad?

"Sometimes she becomes visible to the wayward husband who is out late, drinking, and when he approaches her, she turns into an ugly horse-faced hag, scaring him into swearing abstinence forever."

"The villa, with its classical portico to catch the summer breezes, was the Renaissance architect’s “visiting card” for scores of commissions, copied worldwide, especially on the cotton plantations of America’s Deep South, where elegant porch-living became an article of faith."

Take the first step toward making a difference in the lives of our young women and become a shareholder in the Girl Scout vision.

"Several Tejano folk heroes, such as Gregorio Cortez, Juan Cortina, and Catarino Garza became memorialized because of their confrontations with the Texas Rangers."

"It would not become reality for another 1,825 years."

"Help People Become Self-Sufficient -- offer shelter for homeless families, disaster relief, employment & training, neighborhood support centers & specialized transportation;"

"The principles that should have inspired postbellum America became our Secret Constitution, remaining latent for decades before they would reappear to shape the contours of American law."

"The Jesuits, founded in 1534, quickly became an army of theologians to combat heresy."

"Indiana University's ""peaks of excellence"" are becoming more numerous and, at the same time, more vulnerable."

"But the behavior of an agringado might involve the changing of one’s given name, so that Carlos becomes Charlie, Guillermo becomes Will, or Consuelo becomes Connie; or changing a surname, so that Rivera becomes Rivers or Puentes becomes Bridges."

"After all, the very name “Hiroshima” has become a modern metaphor, the ultimate symbol of total obliteration."

The Friends operate at two levels -the Citywide Friends and the Branch Friends -and you can become active at either one or both levels.

"Americans of the 1860s were essentially the same people who had tolerated the institution of slavery; their judges were of the same background and schooling as those who had declared in the Dred Scott decision that persons of African descent, whether born free or born in bondage, could never become citizens of the United States."

"To alleviate the problem, the government has become the city’s major landlord with the construction of massive apartment blocks that, though they have every modern facility, average only 9 square m (100 square ft) in size."

This type of musical group has become a national symbol of Mexico and of most Mexicanos living in Greater Mexico.

"Between the river and Dame Street, is the Temple Bar area, which has become famous for its nightlife andstreetlife."

This enables you to become a member of the foundation.

"More, it begins to seem imperative to consider the specific possible pairs of quantum systems that can couple and decohere, for only thereby can such pairs become classical via decoherence."

"Clive became governor and placed his own nawab on the throne, in exchange for £500,000 for himself and the Company."

Become a Society member today!

"With the assassination in April 1865 of the man who had preached a new order of ideas, the United States became a country obsessed with power."

"They appreciated the town’s loyalty to the crown, but the idea never occurred to anyone, let alone the two monarchs, that Madrid might one day become the capital."

"When Urban became blind our son was very understanding of it, and at 24, he's adjusted very well to all that's happened."

"“Black” and “African American” have become the norm, and it all happened without government’s uttering a sound."

"And in another shift in the economy, it was found that lamb could be raised more cost-effectively on lowland farms — in part because of the richer, more nutritious grazing land available there — and as a result Lakeland farms became less profitable."

"When a young, unmarried woman like Cecilia becomes pregnant, the risks to her unborn child are very serious."

"In the examples above, the emergence of the genetic code and the emergence of chromosomes that duplicate and partition daughter chromosomes into two daughter cells, the evolution of controlled recombination, seem to become instantiated as “biological laws,” even though they are entirely historically contingent."

"The so-called Untouchables have greater opportunities now to rise on the social scale, a few of them becoming captains of industry or cabinet ministers, but it’s still their brethren who sweep the streets."

"Later, after reviewing your free issue, you wish to become a permanent member, you may do so, simply by paying our bill."

"If the tension on the top and bottom thread is too high, the seam puckers and the seam length becomes less than that of the cloth."

"The peninsula opposite the east coast of Ap Lei Chau island contains Ocean Park (open daily 10am–6pm; admission HK$150 adults, HK$75 children), which has become one of Hong Kong’s biggest attractions."

We hope you had an opportunity to read about Robert and his time at the Club before the letter became lost in the numerous pieces of mail one receives over the holidays.

To many Chicanas Malinche has become a symbol for the socioeconomic and educational limitations of contemporary life.

"Cycling has become extremely popular in the Lakes, even taking into account the fact that some of the roads in the National Park are incredibly steep."

"Miyares, a life member of DAV Chapter 2 in San Diego, California, became blind in 1984 due to diabetes."

"The latter is sometimes mentioned in legal opinions,18 but it never became the rationale for decision making in the courts."

The governor general in Ottawa became the symbolic representative of the Crown rather than of the British government.

"It is generally seen as a triumph that the classical thermodynamic concepts of temperature, pressure, and entropy were reduced to statistical features of idealized sets of gas particles: temperature becoming the average kinetic energy of the particles, pressure the momentum transferred to the walls of the vessel, and entropy a measure of the number of microstates per macrostate."

"Consequently, the MHA Alumni Association has become the strongest alumni group in the SPEA family."

"If any one of the several operators speeds up or slows down, the line becomes unbalanced."

"Thereafter, the Legation Quarter exercised complete control over its own affairs, becoming its own foreign city within the city of Beijing."

There are many ways to become involved with the Indianapolis Zoo and White River Gardens.

"In the new competitive arena—where demand uncertainty and time to market have become important factors along with price—textile firms are being forced to adapt to information-integrated channels, rather than just drawing on the economies of scale that led to their success in the past."

"This ultimate subsurface experience is becoming very popular in France, as it has been for a number of years in the United States."

You'll meet our students who are studying to become tomorrow's professional artists.

"The central question has become whether nominal consent to sexual relations constitutes actual consent, deep agreement in the heart."

"A tiny, treeless rocky island regularly swept by summer winds has become one of the most popular vacation destinations in the Mediterranean."

recycling has become somewhat in vogue we've always had recycling centers around where you can take in newspapers and bottles and things and put them in the right bin

"It is becoming recognized that antigen-specific T cells may have substantially different requirements for cognate peptide (the peptide that is recognizable to a specific T cell clone) for efficient target lysis [20,21,22,23]."

"Yet the overall picture is positive: The private schools are becoming more integrated while the suburbs are becoming more integrated, too."

Since that time the college has become known as D-Q University.

"Both the Las Vegas Aerial Gunnery School (which became Nellis Air Force Base and the Nevada Test Site) in the north, and Basic Magnesium in the nearby town of Henderson, arrived in the early 1940s as a result of America’s war effort."

who become president are people who want to be president

"Over the first decade of the new millennium, they urged the EU ‘to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world’."

"But in fact the money quickly disappeared, as speculators--certainly including the oligarchs themselves--converted rubles into dollars as fast as the dollars became available."

"Accordingly, when Bourke became interested in Mexican customs and language, he approached them as the cultural remains of a higher Spanish-Arabic civilization."

Squash has become a popular racket game and facilities are widely available.

uh a harp became available which there are just not very many instruments uh and a used harp became available in Colorado and they lived in in uh Missouri at the time

"It has been postulated on clinical grounds that the anti-cancer effects of IL-2 are mediated through in vivo expansion and activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes [ 1] and/or promotion of their migration within target tissues [ 3], but it has become apparent that IL-2 at the doses used therapeutically has broader immune/pro-inflammatory effects [ 4, 5]."

The LAT leads its story with the big picture: Hashimoto will become the third Asian leader in less than a year to be toppled from power by the region's economic crisis.

22 Despite these strict legislated standards—with wage levels updated from time to time—widespread violations in apparel workplaces have become commonplace in the 1990s.

Edinburgh became known as the “Athens of the North” for both its aesthetic beauty and its wealth of talented individuals.

all of a sudden they became a top forty type group appealing to the younger crowd

"Instead, it appeared that the initial activation of cellular competence triggered by the mitogenic lectins was amplified by the LAF activity, which became known later as IL-1, and led to the secretion of the lymphocyte-derived IL-2 and the expression of IL-2Rs [ 14 15 ] . The subsequent interaction of IL-2 with the IL-2Rs then stimulated blastic transformation and progression through G 1 and into the S phase of the cell cycle, followed by mitosis [ 16 ] . Furthermore, detailed studies indicated that successful activation of the IL-2R is a quantal (i.e."

"Specter, for example, pushed for the House to drop its Flytrap inquiry but, once Clinton was impeached, became an adamant supporter of a trial."

"Thus, by extending themselves out over history, Americans became a nation in the European sense, in the same sense as had already been realized in England and in France and was then making itself felt in the unification movements in Italy and Germany."

"By the 1980s, thanks to the broad avenues and new subway s tops built for the games, this had become one of the liveliest, trendiest, and demographically youngest quarters of the city."

right because it gets it can it can become very confusing for the child

"20 And, when the no-shift elasticities of the basic and workshared product are the same, the gains become even smaller and the peak becomes very pronounced."

It is now becoming clear in retrospect that the '70s and '80s were a sort of golden age for the academic star system.

The use of modern design tools and information technology can collapse the design time so that managerial decision-making becomes the longest step in the process—and even the time for that step can be shortened with information technology.

Pieter Holthuysen was a successful trader in glass and English coal (which goes to prove that you didn’t need to trade in exotic goods to become wealthy).

and it was just i mean an absolute uh unforseen unforseen unforeseen thing that a woman should become president in this good ole boy city okay

"Taking the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as an example, after agonist action, GPCRs activate G proteins and become phosphorylated by G protein-coupled receptor kinases [ 23 ] . This event promotes activation of effector enzymes and ion channels by the activated Gα GTP."

"We have become ""programmed to expect these artificial thrills"" (Anthony Lane, The New Yorker ). (Clips are available here.)"

"The descansos, erected alongside rural roads where someone has died, become works of art that convey spiritual sentiments."

It became Athens’ enemy when it sided with the Spartans during the devastating wars of the fourth century b.c. but the city recovered quickly from the defeat and had a second period of influence that began during the third century b.c. when Philip of Macedonia made it the capital of the Corinthian League.

uh uh but i i think that uh that is uh well in in this day and age if the problem ever got under control where it became no longer a problem then maybe you know you could let the rules relax somewhat but

"ISA became progressively more severe, profoundly affecting all eyes by 23 months (Table 1, Figure 1)."

"What Ellison is doing here, as Hemingway did, is equating the process of becoming an artist with that of becoming a man."

"Mathematically, the thresholds become “separatrices” in the chemical state spaces of the bacteria, on one side of which the lactose operon turns on and on the other side of which it does not."

In 1947 the first offshore rig was opened and the Mississippi valley became a hub of oil and gas production and storage.

he certainly doesn't like the heat but he doesn't become lethargic anymore

"Locker became a teacher, then later went to Harvard Law School."

It is extremely dangerous to addicts: Every trip to the store becomes a temptation.

"A US purchase of the island from Spain had long been on the agenda, even though Martí had warned of becoming a satellite of the United States (“I know the Monster, because I have lived in its lair,” he wrote)."

you know they've really become very much involved in in just that one organization which the organization can use the help too so i i wish i could see more of that you know

"This finding is consistent with data showing an abundance of both interchromosomal and intrachromosomal duplications in the human genome [ 41 ] . It is unclear how many of these duplications are due to errors in genome assembly and how many represent authentic segmental duplications; correctly assembling duplications as a genuine landscape features of the genome sequence is a formidable informatics challenge [ 41 ] . In the future, as better, more accurate, genome builds become available, particularly with regard to the presence of duplications and other rearrangements and the annotation of genes and their promoter regions becomes more thorough and correct, it will be important to repeat this study for the whole genome sequence."

Disclaimer: All submissions will become the property of

"Many English and Spanish words that have become altered by the opposite language, through cultural contact, are called pochismos."

"After years of neglect, when it served only the lake’s loading docks, railway depots, and factories, the waterfront has become a major attraction for Torontonians at play."

and having to cover your own medical and uh you can quickly see where they become a very important part of your of your compensation package

"Of course, third parties might become intermediaries between these bulk mailers and cream skimmers."

"This raised a troubling question: if enough people were alive to the real significance of the sign, and so left the “best route” alone, would not the sign become trustworthy again?"

"A biosphere becomes complex, the universe becomes complex."

"Throughout the 19th century, the United States, keenly interested in the island’s strategic significance and its sugar market, had become increasingly involved in Cuban affairs."

uh become well die or whatever i mean they probably became weakened physically and other things to the point that

"Based on conditions described by civilians who descended stairwell A from at or above the impact zone, we conclude that stairwell A may have become effectively impassable as the morning progressed."

"No, they were wrong, and the Inquirer was right in its initial Norplant editorial, when it noted that women would be free to ""change their minds at any point and become fertile again."""

"A specific cloud, like our biosphere, presumably becomes kinetically trapped into a very special set of complex molecular species that happen to have formed as the cloud evolves."

Acapulco became the playground for the rich and famous.

that uh we you you became accustomed to it i guess but uh otherwise

"When individuals finally become ill and seek care, treatment as a prevention strategy has lost much of its potential effectiveness."

"The calavera has become the symbol of the downtrodden, who must laugh at life in order to survive it."

"The house became a hotel, the Globe, in the mid-19th century but attracted notoriety again in the early 1860s when it became the office of a Confederate agent during the US Civil War."

at a lower interest rate becomes the thing to do

"Although considerable time will elapse before enough strain-specific sequence information becomes available through genome sequencing projects to identify such traits, microarrays provide us with a tool to gain insight into genome composition at present."

"But when he became impotent, it took his identity away."

"“It willfully destroyed the discipline of the round arch, which had become an incubus and a bore.”"

Much of St. David’s subsequently became a small piece of the US on British soil.

so it became unanimous you know after they turned it in and then he changed his mind after they turned it in but it then became unanimous so

A technology upgrade clause is one way to avoid obsolescence by allowing an agency to buy advanced versions of equipment or software when they become available.

"The British monarchy has become irrelevant to this generation of Australians, he said."

A history becomes a “world-line” in space-time.

They brought with them iron weapons and chariots and codes of custom and conduct that quickly became dominant in the country.

but we're uh we're getting more into it and we've done uh we've done quite a bit and uh uh the kids like to go out you know as often as they can um so that's good you know they're they're becoming enthusiasts then of camping

It is not until the normal values of sig_v and sig_f are increased by a factor of about 3 that differences become significant.

"All the other critics in America--""[o]ur official arbiters of culture""--""have lost the gift of being able to comprehend a work of art that does not reflect their immediate experience; they have become afraid of genuine art."""

29 The unions and their employers also became pioneers in establishing neutral umpires and arbitrators in the handling of labor-management disputes.

"The first religious structures appeared at the end of the sixth century b.c., when the summit became a sanctuary and the town was founded on lower ground below."

over time i became very interested in in baroque classical and i think that was just through

"Joints may become uncomfortable if they are not moved [ 77 ] . Continuous pressure on the same area of skin, particularly over bony prominences, will increase the risk of skin ischemia, and pain [ 78 ] . As the patient approaches death, provide adequate support and cushioning on the bed to lessen the need for uncomfortable turning."

"The Guardian gave front-page treatment to Rupert Murdoch's announcement at a press conference Thursday in London--just six days after his marriage in New York to his third wife, Wendy Deng--that his global News Corp. is to become ""an Internet company."""

The Constitution became what the courts do in fact.

From the early 17th century it became the weigh house (the name Waaggebouw means “weigh house”) for cargoes entering or leaving the city down the Geldersekade Canal to its north.

is the use of peer groups and the uh teacher becomes a uh a sort of a consultant resource person

"Though such technologies are becoming available now, widespread deployment is still years away."

"Suppose, for the sake of argument, that in 1950 it becomes foreseeable that Daimler-Benz will eventually make reparations."

"The consequence can be that the Schrödinger wave function of the first quantum system becomes entangled in very complex ways with the other complex quantum system, which may be thought of as the environment."

"From 1941 to 1944, all of Poland fell under Nazi occupation, and the country became the focus of Hitler’s campaign to exterminate all Jews and non-Aryans."

well and don't you think that you do see more women who are um becoming part of middle management

Many will also worry that a centralised national drug development agency taking decisions on R&D priorities and allocation of funds (via prizes or grants as discussed above) could easily become bureaucratic and inefficient.

The noisy crusades that became historical footnotes would all be literary footnotes as well.

"Thus, the city that had held out against so many attacks by the infidel, became subjected to mindless pillaging by fellow Christians."

uh sounding music it didn't have what you know guess what i was looking for at the time country tells more of a a story it kind of reminds me of my roots of growing up and i've i've become i guess more of a country fan over the years

"In order to speed the determination of brain death and potentially reduce costly ICU stays, beginning in January 1996 the brain flow scan became the primary method of confirming brain death in our trauma patient population."

"The Post notes that Clinton and Gingrich have in the past lamented the tendency of Washington policy battles to become too personal, and this story is itself a perfect example of the problem."

"The first is the “Copenhagen interpretation,” which speaks of the “measurement event,” when the quantum object interacts with a macroscopic classical object, the measuring device, and a single one of the propagating possibilities becomes actual in the measurement event, thereby “collapsing” the wave function."

"They began as a small medicinal garden in 1682, but soon became the depository for many of the new plant species brought from Dutch colonies in the Golden Age and were responsible for developing each genus for cultivation, propagation and commercial exploitation."

um it was becoming quite disturbing realizing how many crack babies were there were becoming you know out there in the educational area and

"However, engaging physicians and medical directors to become directly involved in quality improvement projects at their facilities is often a challenge."

"Then his voice drops an octave or two, and he becomes more subdued."

"Historically, all soldaderas became known as Adelitas."

"Lanai: This pineapple plantation island has become a tiny hide­away with two splendid resorts and the remains of the historic company town, Lanai City (see page 80)."

other countries as such being uh say the possibility of becoming states that we don't have a common language with them

"Frequent use of TURP for benign prostatic hyperplasia in the 1970s and 1980s and the rapid introduction and widespread adoption of PSA screening beginning in the late 1980s, tapped an extensive pool of latent and preclinical prostate disease [ 40 41 ] . Consistent with another study, we found that in the mid 1980s up to 50% or more of all prostate cancer cases were incidentally detected through TURPs [ 41 ] . However, as medications with few side effects became available to treat benign prostatic hypterplasia and PSA screening became widely adopted, TURP-detected cases declined from their peak in 1987 through 1993 [ 41 ] . Our results showed a similar decline in the TURP-detected prostate cancer incidence rates, followed by a leveling off between 1994 and 1999, for both LDS and nonLDS cases in Utah."

"Communist partisans retook the province in 1944, and when the war ended, the partisan leader Josip Broz Tito became dictator of the reconstituted Yugoslav federation."

"It is believed that la mollera has fallen when a baby becomes ill with ceaseless crying, fever, diarrhea, and possibly vomiting."

The Byzantine Empire and the Coming of Christianity

"The Byzantine Empire had powerful and well-fortified cities, but the countryside and the outlying islands were ravaged by waves of invaders."

"In an attempt to counter a threat from the Saracen Muslims, a new potent religious force from the East, the Byzantine army forcefully enlisted the men of the islands."

"As the Byzantine Empire weakened at the end of the first millennium, Crusader forces were sent from Western Europe to counter the Muslim forces and retake Jerusalem for the Christian faith."

"While Byzantine land was being divided, there was no one in control of the seas, so pirates raided towns on many of the islands."

renting of space could be made much more efficient where a lot of the accounting is just you know incredibly Byzantine and could be straightened out and where lots of different government activities are redundant

"And while Slavs did move into the area around 500, when the Bulgarian Empire conquered the Balkans, the Serbs didn't gain control of Kosovo until the 12 th century, when a dynasty of their leaders known as the Nemanjids invaded it after a period of Byzantine rule."

"NYT columnist Maureen Dowd takes the minority position that the Democrats carried the day, thanks to Glenn's smooth presentation and to the Republicans' jagged one, which, Dowd writes, consisted ""mostly of arrows pointing to John Huang's name,"" and ""a Byzantine theory linking Mr. Huang and the Lippo Group, his employers, to the 16th-century House of Fugger in Augsburg, the Rothschilds and the election of Emperor Charles V of the Hapsburgs."""

"Labor in the United States is by no means perfect, and dealing with intransigent unions can be a byzantine, harrowing, and expensive process."

"For reasons too Byzantine to explain, it's the only unaccredited big zoo in the nation, and it could use a cash infusion."

"For Sullivan, the ""byzantine"" nature of the current tax system benefits the wealthy, who can afford to pay people to decipher it."

"Although estranged from Rome for hundreds of years, these tradition-rich churches long have fascinated John Paul II, who comes from a part of the world where Latin and Byzantine Christianity overlap."

"His description toward the end of Climbing Mount Improbable of wasps enmeshed in Byzantine power struggles with fig trees is a model of nature writing, at once lyrical and lucid."

"As regular readers of such publications as Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies ; the Classical Journal ; and the Journal of Biblical Literature are by now well aware, a dispute has long simmered about whether people in ancient times read to themselves silently, as we moderns do, or mostly read aloud."

"And another thing: If these aliens are so adept at replicating the many moods of our planet, if they can speak English , how come they had to communicate with us in the first place through a byzantine binary code?"

(The whole story is much more Byzantine than this.)

"He called for a new international agreement of the kind that replaced the League of Nations with the United Nations, for it was unacceptable that the United Nations should become ""merely a building where people go to complain or engage in Byzantine debates over texts that everyone knows the big powers will be the first to treat with contempt."""

"Unable to afford hefty bribes or airfare to Canada, Russian mothers are looking for other ways to finesse Russia's Byzantine draft laws and keep their sons out of the Chechen conflict."

"But beneath Israelis' sympathy for Kosovars lurk more perplexing reactions that illuminate the anxieties of a state where a beleaguered ethnic minority seeks independence, the byzantine nature of Israeli electoral politics, and the enduring weight of the Holocaust in Israel--but not the weight you'd expect."

"When that cause, too, failed and, after a decade of blood-spilling, the country ended up with a Byzantine coalition of interests presided over by a strongman, the Paz family went into exile in Los Angeles."

"Specialists will no doubt be arguing over Saenger's thesis for years to come--don't let your subscription to Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies lapse."

"In the Byzantine, languorous U.N. bureaucracy, Annan earned a reputation as someone who actually Got Things Done."

"At the east end of the galleries, two small columns and a circle of green marble mark the spot where the empress sat during services; on the floor of the nave below, a circle of coloured stone to the right of centre is the Opus Alexandrinum, the place where the Byzantine emperors were crowned."

"Known locally as ca’ (short for casa) as well as palazzo, the marble, brick, and white limestone palaces range over 600 years from Venetian-Byzantine to Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical, but most of them are exotically 14th- and 15th-­century Gothic, Venice’s “trademark” in architectural styles."

"Arkádi Monastery (Moní Arkadíou), in the foothills of the western Ída Mountains some 40 km (30 miles) south east of Réthymnon, was founded in the Byzantine era, though its present buildings date from the late 16th century."

"Immediately next door to the Byzantine Museum is the War Museum, a modern building constructed during the military dictatorship."

"Mycenaean figurines and pottery, Classical Greek and Roman sculpture, and Byzantine icons, frescoes and tapestries are all well-displayed and illustrate very effectively the varied influences that make up the history of the city."

"The whole area was razed during Barbarian attacks in the centuries following the fall of the Roman Empire and was covered with new buildings during Byzantine times, all of which had to be cleared when excavations began."

The combination of figurative and intricate geometric designs was a collaborative effort of Syrian Muslim craftsmen with Byzantine Christians.

"On the left is the Byzantine church of Haghia Eirene (Divine Peace), rebuilt together with Haghia Sophia after being burnt down in 532 (closed to the public)."

Look out for the remains of a marble-covered Byzantine road (fourth- to century–14th-century) that once connected Lefkes with the nearby village of Karampoli down in the valley.

"Set on the south coast of the Argolid, it has been a strategic strongpoint for centuries and boasts no less than four castles dating from Byzantine and Venetian times — on far more ancient foundations — called Akronafplia Castle."

"The Romanesque façade makes a striking contrast with the eight Byzantine cupolas and two minaret-like towers around a central Gothic cone-shaped dome, reminiscent of Venice’s Basilica San Marco."

In 1456 Athens and Attica were taken by the Turks in their rampage across the disintegrating Byzantine Empire.

"The Hippodrome was the setting for the ceremony which proclaimed Constantinople as the “New Rome” in a.d. 330, following the division of the Roman Empire, and soon became the civic centre of the Byzantine capital, decorated with imposing monuments and flanked by fine buildings."

Before you reach the village itself you’ll find a beautiful Byzantine chapel on your right.

"As Constantinople, jewel of the Byzantine Empire, it was for more than 1,000 years the most important city in Christendom."

A Byzantine expedition from Constantinople ousted the Vandals from the Balearics in 534.

"It was the great achievement of the Byzantine architects Isidorus and Anthemius, to transfer the weight of the dome to the pillars using arches and “pendentives,” the four triangular sections of masonry that fill the gaps between arches and dome, to create the illusion of an unsupported dome floating in space."

"The most spectacular art treasures of the church are its gorgeous Byzantine mosaics, glittering Old Testament scenes high on the walls (don’t forget the binoculars), and a triumphant Mary and Jesus enthroned in the apse over the high altar."

The delicate ninth-century mosaics of Jesus and four angels make the Chapel of St. Zeno the city’s most important Byzantine monument.

Emperor Justinian (527–565) and his wife Theodora reannexed Italy to the Byzantine Empire and codified Roman law as the state’s legal system.

"The twin towers, Baroque façade, and Byzantine dome of the Iglesia Nuestra Señora de la Concepción dominate a fascinating skyline that has remained virtually unchanged for centuries."

"The cloisters house a National Museum of Roman, early Christian, and Byzantine Sculpture."

"Cleverly integrating designs of Arab and Byzantine predecessors, the Norman palaces and churches join the crumbling grandeur of Spanish Baroque façades in momentary triumph over the chaos of the modern port city."

"This was the center of population from Byzantine times through to Greek independence, and thus can be called Athens Old Town."

"The more warmly-hued human figures are believed to be the work of Venetian mosaicists, as opposed to the more rigidly formal Byzantine figures of Palermo’s Palatine Chapel."

"In the nave, the church’s famous Byzantine mosaics show, on the left, Ravenna’s fortified port of Classis, from which a procession of 22 virgins follows the three Magi with gifts for Jesus on his mother’s lap; on the right, from Theodoric’s palace, 26 male martyrs march towards Christ."

"Of the few remains of the Byzantine city, the most remarkable building is the Haghia Sophia."

"Originally the main street of Roman and Byzantine times (cardo means “heart” in Latin), it was once a broad colonnaded market and ceremonial street that went through the center of Jerusalem, from the Damascus Gate in the north to the southern edge of the city."

"The museum holds a wealth of artifacts from the early Christian and Byzantine eras, concentrating on the religious themes that were so important in unifying the Greek world at this time."

"Founded in the seventh century and reconstructed in 1008, it’s probably the finest of the Venetian-Byzantine churches, one of Europe’s finest outside of Ravenna."

"Built in the Neo-Romanesque style during the first years of the 20th century, consecrated in 1910, the abbey contains a sanctuary ornamented with beautiful gold-and-polychrome mosaics in the Byzantine style."

"Small Byzantine churches sit on street corners, side by side with family homes."

"Icons lie at the heart of Byzantine or Orthodox worship in both the Greek and Russian churches, and they form a focus for prayer — the characteristic gold leaf used in their production symbolized the glory of God."

"Pilgrims came from all over the Roman (and, later, Byzantine) Empire during the following centuries, but the prosperity they brought lasted only until 614, when Persian armies overtook Judea and reduced Jerusalem to rubble again."

"On the east wall are two images showing Byzantine emperors and emperesses making offerings to Christ on his throne (to the left), and to the Virgin and Child."

"Exploiting a natural genius for assimilating the useful elements of the local culture rather than indiscriminately imposing their own, they adopted Arab-style tax collectors and customs officials and Byzantine fleet-admirals for their navy."

"When it re-opens, it will carry displays of Early Christian, Byzantine, and European art, together with ancient coins and medals."

"The thriving city has long since spread beyond the fifth-century Byzantine walls built by the Emperor Theodosius II, and now sprawls for miles along the shores of the Sea of Marmara on both the European and Asian sides."

But the empire’s troubles increased as invaders made further incursions into Byzantine territory.

Byzantine ritual colored the Roman liturgy.

January: Piana degli Albanesi (near Palermo): colorful Byzantine ritual for Epiphany

Lombard territory split Byzantine Italy up into segments ruled from the coasts.

"During Byzantine times it was used as a dye works, and the Ottomans used it for defensive purposes."

"Ruled in the early sixth century by Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, it was recaptured for Emperor Justinian in 540, and Byzantine culture left its mark for another two centuries."

"Further south, Byzantine columns and Corinthian capitals found in situ were re-installed to give visitors an idea of how the original Cardo looked."

"At the summit, within three layers of protective wall, are the remains of a Temple of Aphrodite, an early Christian Basilica, Byzantine cisterns, a Frankish Tower, and Ottoman mosques and fountains — this is Greek history in a nutshell!"

"To the east, the grand Byzantine citadel of Ravenna dominates the seaside resorts lining the Adriatic."

"In the same compound you’ll find the Basilica of Eleona, finished in 1923 on the site of a Byzantine church."

"Under the canopy carved with Romanesque-Byzantine reliefs is the high altar, richly encased in elaborate, bejeweled, and enamelled plates of gold and silver."

Two Franciscan churches built over Crusader and Byzantine ruins are said to be the sites of these events; today there are also Russian and Greek Orthodox convents in the village.

"At the other end of the Rue Saint-Vincent, you will come around the back of the 19th-century Romano-Byzantine Sacré-Cœur basilica, towering over Paris with its gleaming white façade and distinctive domes and arches."

The heart of Chalki hides a Venetian tower and the whole valley has a number of small Byzantine chapels.

"Sofias you’ll find the Byzantine Museum housed in a splendid 19th-century mansion built for Sophie de Marbois, wife of one of Napoleon’s generals."

"Interiors were decorated with frescoes in the Byzantine tradition; primitive sculpture of biblical episodes or rural life on the capitals of columns; painted altar front panels; carved wooden crosses, and Madonnas of great purity."

"The oldest most striking of the Byzantine monuments, in the northern corner of the city center, is the fifth-century Mausoleum of Galla Placidia."

The island was recaptured after a terrible siege of Iráklion by Byzantine commander Nikephóros Phokás.

At Thrónos visit the 14th-century Panagía chapel for its frescoes and the remains of an early Byzantine mosaic floor from a previous basilica — if the church is locked ask at the shop next door as they keep a key.

The interior is decorated in Byzantine style and is strangely compelling.

"The walls of the interior were removed during the Byzantine era, and the north corner (column and pediment) was removed by Elgin and taken to London with the “Elgin marbles.”"

"On Paros, the marble-clad Byzantine road at Lefkes takes you down the valley to Karampoli."

"The church was built on the site of Byzantine and Crusader ruins, paid for by donations from all over the world, and dedicated by the Franciscans in 1924."

Under Byzantine rule the city of Pericles sank into deep provincial obscurity.

The mosaic floor of the original Byzantine church is especially charming.

Glass plates in the church floor allow you to see fragments of the Byzantine floor mosaics left from the floor of an earlier church.

"The exhibits span the centuries from the Iberian era to the Visigothic period, but pride of place goes to objects from the 10th-century palace of Medina Azahara, like the bronze figure of a stag taken from a fountain presented by the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII."

"Guides will tell you that its 255 enameled panels were encrusted by master Venetian and Byzantine artisans with close to 2,000 precious stones, including pearls, garnets, sapphires, emeralds and rubies."

"Three great civilizations have shaped this part of the city — Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman."

"From David Street head into the recently excavated Cardo, the main thoroughfare of Roman and Byzantine Jerusalem and a former Crusader marketplace."

"In Rome, the highly political popes played the Lombard duchies against those of the Byzantine Empire."

Stop at the Byzantine church in the village — you’ll find stone from the ancient site used here too — and see the stone execution block of the martyrs.

"The island’s quiet spot is the 12th-century Venetian-Byzantine church of Santa Maria e San Donato, with a powerful mosaic in the apse."

Byzantine and Ottoman Obscurity

"For nearly 1,000 years the Church of Haghia Sophia was the greatest church in Christendom, an architectural wonder built by the Byzantine Empire to impress the world."

John D. Rockefeller Jr. provided th e money to build this wonderful Art Deco/Neo-Byzantine edifice in 1927.

"It is almost a living museum with Byzantine Churches, Neo-Classical mansions housing galleries or collectibles stores, and a wealth of historical detail at every turn."

Icons lie at the heart of Byzantine or Orthodox worship and they form a focus for prayer.

This was taken to Constantinople during the Byzantine era.

"A remnant of the Byzantine Empire survived in Nicaea (now Iznik), and recaptured Constantinople in 1261, but the city had been shattered and its great monuments were strip­ped of gold, silver, and precious works of art."

"This was the site of the original Byzantium, founded in the seventh century b.c. , and of the civic centre of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire."

Fortified since the seventh century b.c. the summit is criss-crossed with miles of high stone walls dating from this time that were expanded during the Byzantine and Ottoman eras.

"When Roman power split in two, the eastern Byzantine Empire inherited the island (though its hold on islands in the south of its dominion were, in reality, nominal)."

"The greatest of the Byzantine emperors was Justinian the Great (ruler from 527 to 565), who introduced an equitable legal system, and also extended the boundaries of the empire into Spain, Italy, and Africa."

"The street with the tram lines that lead uphill from Sultanahmet (Divan Yolu) was, and still is, the main road leading to the city gates in Byzantine and Ottoman times."

"Benáki was born in a Greek community in Egypt, and many of the artifacts on display originate from this other ancient land, though there is a good range of Classical and Roman statuary, and collections from the Early Christian and Byzantine eras including two paintings by El Greco."

"The pretty Byzantine church (c1080) has a stone-and-tile dome exterior but is famed throughout Greece for the fantastic mosaics that decorate the interior, particularly that of Christ Pantocrator in the main dome."

"A small square cuts its path just a little way from Monastiráki Square, and it is decorated with the beautiful Byzantine church of Kapnikaréa, the official church of Athens University."

"The interior is a heady mix of Crusader and Byzantine styles, and because of inter-denominational bickering, false partitions, and poor maintenance it is difficult to understand without a guide."

"The long, narrow park stretching southwest from Haghia Sophia is known as the Hippodrome (At Meydanı), and in Byzantine times that’s exactly what it was."

"With Oriental and Byzantine decorative elements reflecting the Pisan Republic’s overseas interests, its four-tiered arcaded façade over three porches is a masterpiece of grace and delicacy."

"Though little remains from Roman times, the city’s Byzantine legacy boasts Haghia Sophia, the Church of the Divine Wisdom and one of the world’s greatest buildings; the magnificent mosaics of St. Saviour in Chora; and the impressive Theodosian Walls."

"The chapel was constructed in 1248 to house holy relics, fragments of what were believed to be Jesus’s Crown of Thorns and the True Cross, which pious Louis IX (later canonized as St. Louis) had bought from the Byzantine emperor."

"On Naxos, you can walk through the pretty villages of the Tragea Valley and the foothills of Mount Zas, admiring Byzantine churches and exploring olive groves at your leisure."

"Much of the permanent collection comprises 19th- and 20th-century Greek art and post-Byzantine icons, though you can also find works by El Greco, Picasso, and Delacroix."

"The Byzantine Emperor at the time, Manuel II (1391–1425), tried to appease his enemies by allowing a Turkish district, mos­que, and tribunal within his city, and by courting Turkish goodwill with gifts of gold, but to no avail."

"In the southeast corner of the site, the 11th century church of Ayios Apostoloi is the only building on the site remaining from the Byzantine era."

and uh pittosporum that used to be the kind of things we could plant all the time you you really take a chance with them freezing

Generally less chance of temporal variations in waste properties.

"Choice, Chance, and Wealth Dispersion at Retirement,"" Working Paper No."

"Bayoumi's version can be challenged as well, since the mosque is close to the restaurant and Bayoumi had visited it, and the surrounding area, on multiple occasions, including twice within six weeks of February 1. We do not know whether the lunch encounter occurred by chance or design."

"We give them a chance to realize their own potential by giving them a place where they can develop a sense of competence, of usefulness, a sense of belonging and of influence."

Negative z scores indicate GO terms with fewer genes meeting the criterion than expected by chance.

We would expect to find 40 differences by chance alone (0.

"One possibility is that studies report different estimates of the single true relationship between a given pollutant and a health effect due to differences in study design, random chance, or other factors."

yeah chances are that it's probably going to have the the fewer mistakes than it had the year before

"05 probability level, one in 20 tests would be expected to fall outside of the control limits by chance alone."

"As one of Clarke's staff noted, only a ""chance discovery"" by U.S."

"have a 1-in-16 chance of selection, and that chance would be equal among sites."

"In Quinean terms, in an uncontrolled study, the observation statements (about the patient's condition) and the theoretical statement (about the efficacy of the treatment) may be linked too tenuously along the radii of the web; in the extreme case, the apparent linkage may be purely by chance."

Their chance of becoming malignant usually increases as the size of the lesion increases.

"And as long as you have no realistic alternative to industrialization based on low wages, to oppose it means that you are willing to deny desperately poor people the best chance they have of progress for the sake of what amounts to an aesthetic standard--that is, the fact that you don't like the idea of workers being paid a pittance to supply rich Westerners with fashion items."

"The top-non-local story at the Washington Post is France's triumph at the French-hosted World Cup, a story that gets top-of-the-page-with-pictures coverage at not only the Post , but also at the Times and USAT . (And a reefer-with-picture at the LAT .) This no doubt reflects the papers': a) perception that they have more immigrant readers these days and b) chance to justify all those upcoming French expense account items."

"As stated previously, the selection of differentially expressed genes is essentially a search for outliers, i.e. gene data lying outside some standard distribution of differences relative to a control state, and which cannot be ascribed to chance or natural variabilty."

"Also, there is less chance of detecting slugs of toxic wastes, or other temporal variations in waste properties."

"Hence, initially, the chance of leaving the class is small but then increases as the mean infectious/incubation period is reached."

You stand the best chance of finding a patch of sand to yourself to the east of Nerja and west of Estepona.

i think that i don't know it's hard you don't want to be so mean that you're you're doing away with people that have a chance to change

sometimes local events can generate chances for faculty and staff to assist the community because of their unique forms of expertise.

The best chance the bank has of lowering the value of the yen--and it would be only a chance--would be to effectively print a lot of new currency.

the the other the other hand where you say you know if there's just that slim chance that they didn't do it

"This could be a chance event, or it may result from selection for certain X-linked alleles during embryonic development, as has been described in carriers of X-linked immunodeficiencies [ 17]."

Competitors would jump at the chance to meet unmet mailer needs.

"No one knows, but I will raise a possibility that has a chance to be true for a biosphere."

5; a gene with a 50% chance of being divergent or present is assigned a value of 0; a gene with a 100% chance of being present is assigned 0.5.

"However, a Bonferroni correction would be too stringent for exploratory research [ 12 ] . A useful alternative to P in studies involving thousands of comparisons is the estimated false detection rate, which is the ratio of the expected number of chance differences (P × number of comparisons) to the number of differences observed."

"To maximize the chances of reaching residential numbers, seed numbers used for dialing included the area code plus the first five digits of the study's cases and all cancer cases diagnosed in Marin County in 1998."

"While this does not rigorously eliminate the possibility that the original series was pseudorhythmic by chance, it will show that the combination of analytical techniques used is not generating artifacts when given a randomized version of the original data."

"After recent years of fiscal discipline and focus on fiscal responsibility, the anticipated surpluses offer a chance to meet pent-up demand for discretionary domestic spending, increase defense spending, cut taxes, shore up Social Security and Medicare, reduce the debt, or do some combination of these."

"The alignment between these bacterial proteins and the eukaryotic Rad52 homologs was co-linear throughout the entire length of their shared globular region and the Gibbs sampling procedure detected two motifs of greater than 20 residues, with a probability of chance occurrence in these proteins less than 10 -18(Fig."

The most important parameter for purposes of interpretation is the enrichment (or depletion) of a category with respect to flagged genes (relative to what would have been expected by chance alone).

The only thing I did know for sure was here's a chance to change things for me and my children.

"They welcome the chance to belong, to become self- sufficient, to regain their self-esteem and confidence."

Join in this wonderful event and help Jameson Camp continue to provide the year-round support that gives kids a chance to create dreams.

"As I told you, in the past we were a very poor family and I never got the chance to go to college because of this."

"But I love what I do and, uh, anytime I get a chance to teach in a classroom I go for it so."

Here was a chance to quantify such things.

"Every chance he gets, interrupts a young catechumen."

History never gave them the chance.

Snip's choice B is a 10-percent chance of winning $5 million plus a 1-percent chance of winning nothing plus an 89-percent chance of winning $1 million.

So I never got a chance to go to school.

"Non-physiologic RSS that have simply arisen by chance can be referred to as fortuitous RSS whereas those thought to have descended from the same ancient transposon as physiologic RSS can be referred to as cryptic (cRSS) [ 49, 50]."

"Thus she kept the dress, knowing that her affair was going to be made public by her good friend Linda Tripp months later, and she would have a chance to produce the dress as evidence."

because they know the people that they're pushing it to if they're in a work place where they can be randomly checked when it happens then they stand a chance of being turned in and you got ways now of cutting the whole drug traffic trade

"At the Artis complex there is the chance to explore the aquarium, zoo, and planetarium."

"And so, um, we met in FL, and in Boca Raton and we stayed with my grandparents, and we would stay with my grandparents for at least one night, uh Boca Raton, and then the rest of the week we spent in Fort Lauderdale because my grandfather owned a hotel called The Sanddollar in a place called Lauderdale by the Sea, um, in Fort Lauderdale, and it was fantastic time and when we had the chance to spend time together and just go out on the beach and at night we would go out to dinner I remember going to a Benihana Japanese steakhouse, and we just felt like we had freedom, and then we weren't yet 21 so we weren't allowed to go to clubs in Fort Lauderdale, so we basically spent our time, uh, watching movies in the hotel room or just walking along the strip and I remember going out for ice cream one night and just walking along the boardwalk it was very, very peaceful time, and the worst part of the vacation was getting sunburned, um, because I'm extremely pale, and going out on the beach everyday for hours on end turned me into a lobster, and, um, my friend Crystal would always joke with me and call me, um, her lobster."

You'll get the chance to visit local artists' studios.

The chances are high of making the slit too deep or forgetting it entirely.

"The article, published in 1994 in a prestigious, peer-reviewed journal called Statistical Science , argued with unnerving force that the first book of the Bible contains embedded codes that predict events that long postdate its writing and that these codes are, statistically speaking, ""not due to chance."""

spend it on the ones who who do have a chance

"Whether or not you decide to join the Chinese masses and take the plunge, you’ll appreciate the chance to see them at ease — sunbathing, strolling, having their pictures taken, and eating ice cream or dumplings."

"So, immediately, as soon as possible, rather, I got on the phone and I called over to Justine Morrow School and I got a chance to talk with the director who knew about the uh workings of ( ) Foundations and grants."

These can include unforeseen chances to enhance student and faculty learning by inviting special visitors and scholars to the campus when they happen to be in the state.

"05 probability level, one in 20 tests would be expected to fall outside of the control limits by chance alone."

"However, the likelihood of significant differences occurring by chance in this series of multiple comparisons is considered in the Results and Discussion."

"Simply put, your generous contributions make all the difference between saving more of Indiana's natural areas, or never having another chance to do so."

"[ 28 ] N-methyl pyrrolidone's vapor pressure at room temperature is very low, thus minimizing the chance of exposure by inhalation."

"On the chance that my guess is right, I am writing to you today to invite you to become a member of LOGOS-the League Of Greek Orthodox Stewards."

"To coordinate care and provide optimal support for dying patients and their families, conversations about care must occur while the patient still has a considerable chance of surviving the current illness [ 1 3 ] . Given our inability to accurately predict the end of life, it may be necessary to develop simultaneous plans in the face of serious illness: one which facilitates the support of patients and family through death and bereavement and a second which provides maximal efforts to restore physiologic balance [ 1 3 4 5 6 ] ."

It thresholds the T-statistics to provide a 'significant' gene list and provides an estimate of the false-discovery rate (the percentage of genes identified by chance alone) from randomly permuted data.

She would have a better chance of getting help and delivering a healthy baby if she lived in Sweden.

The estimated chance corrected agreement (Kappa coefficient) was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval of (0.

"..I had my second chance to change my life."""

"...Men and women struggling with addictions find healing, forgiveness and the chance to make a new start in life."

"Indeed, we found that 56% of the 11,160 predictions in fact lie within 50 bp of an EST, much higher than would be expected by chance, and in accordance with the results in the much smaller Adh region set."

"These open seats --Washington, Colorado, and North Dakota --coupled with the ousting of long-term Democrat Alan Dixon, have greatly increased our chances for victory."

"Enclosed are additional materials to illustrate the commitment of Peace Education Program to ""giving youth more than a fighting chance."""

"Maybe it is my training in the sciences coming to the fore, or maybe it's my belief that the Postal Service is too important to our economy and too intertwined in our everyday lives and livelihood to leave too much to chance."

"However, preventive measures can reduce the chances of one's contracting cancer."

"Berger told us that he saw no chance that Sudan would have handed Bin Ladin over and also noted that in 1996, the U.S. government still did not know of any al Qaeda attacks on U.S. citizens."

"Then Ted decided the children deserved a chance to start over in another town, no matter how difficult it might prove to be."

"Edward, seeing this invitation as a chance to assert his claim as overlord of Scotland, chose John Balliol, whom he judged to be the weaker of the two."

but still i take my chance with the odds of twelve

Analysts agreed this sharply reduces DOJ's chances of winning its suit against Windows 98.

Multiple comparisons were made in this study and consequently the results may have been chance findings.

"In the case of animals that are not recovered by-their owners, your Humane Society uses a wide variety of - services to aid those animals and give them a chance at a happy life."

"Take a closer look, however, and you’ll find that a few key areas offer truly singular shopping opportunities, and a chance to experience a bit of Mexico’s cultural soul in the process."

there's been movies out that i've been wanting to see i just you know don't get a chance to get out and see them

"Soon enough, talk turns to the intern's high-level security clearance and the chance that she might blackmail the president."

"If, for example, one wished to be certain that a gene is differentially expressed, or does not wish to resort to laborious conventional techniques to confirm expression changes, the only appropriate filtering method is the Bonferroni (or other related) procedure, as the chance of generating false positive results using such methods is negligible."

A bartender will be available and we will have a chance to enjoy reminiscing the equivalent of our four academic years together and the happenings during the time that has transpired since our graduation 50 years ago.

"The Japanese themselves (in the big cities at least) can be seen more often than not with some kind of shopping bag — they make very large, sturdy ones — just on the off chance that they might want to buy something."

"Obviously only Rudy Martzke ever thinks twice about these people, but this creates a chance for you to sound authoritative when someone challenges you on your sports-viewership expertise."

"If two nonoverlapping words were closely spaced in all TCRs, we should find to be smaller than expected by chance."

We would like to give middle school youth who are part of our Urban Mission Branch a chance to participate in an outdoors experience.

"Chances are kids will have the most fun while touring with their parents at Beijing’s celebrated outdoor attractions: running up and down the Great Wall, paddling rowboats at the Summer Palace or Behai Park, passing secret messages inside Echo Wall at the Temple of Heaven, or just strolling the exotic alleys and streets of the capital’s new and old neighborhoods."

good chance there hope so

Prudie will pass up the chance to point out what would be seen by some as your good fortune.

"0 have a greater chance to be called ""Absent"" than ""Present"" by MAS4."

uh Carter um i was real disappointed that uh uh that he didn't he didn't have a chance uh because he didn't have a platform behind him uh uh you know a group and

"3) The Washington Post reported that for $5,000, the National Republican Senatorial Committee is offering donors a chance to give Trent Lott and other senators ""advice"" at a forum next month."

"Soon after, Cixi had the chance to exploit the Boxer Rebellion (1900), a revolt against foreign influence."

The e-value is the number of hits with the same degree of similarity one would expect to find by chance if there were no true matches in the database.

i would rather opt for life in prison where at least there's a chance the person could uh either change or perhaps even

"In the world of the tabloids, Clinton's exploits are just an appetizer for someone whose sex life they really care about: Titanic star DiCaprio, who has obviously chosen Clinton as a role model and who, at only 23, has a good chance of surpassing the president's accomplishments."

"Despite its greatness, the museum came about somewhat by chance."

"In impoverished areas, this can devastate a family's chances of economic survival."

bought a comforter and some pillows and some pillow cases i didn't receive everything but you know that's you sort of take that chance you buy something like that

There is a good chance that our 1990 12-year-old already had started to menstruate.

"An indoor playground with games and slides for younger kids, Fundazzle, is located near the Workers’ Stadium on Gonrentiyucahng Lu, and a chance for children to learn such crafts as paper-making, embroidery, and pottery is provided by the Five Colours Earth Craft Center (10 Dongzhimen Nanlu, near Poly Plaza)."

Generally less chance of temporal variations in waste properties.

it just kind of uh cloud we're supposed to to have a chance to get some rain the next couple of days here uh which will be you know a little bit more typical uh autumn weather

(Think of one person translating a sentence from English to Japanese and another translating it back into English; chances are slim that the sentence would end up in its original form.)

"But the higher you go, the more chance you’ll have of sighting the rich fauna of the hill forests, from gregarious monkeys to red pandas."

"After correcting for genes expected to be found in groups by chance, about 2,250 genes are identified in one of the three datasets at a p value of 10 -3and about 4,000 genes are identified at 10 -2."

um you should because you should be given another chance or at least

Not a chance.

"This involves a morning or afternoon of theory and shallow water work, giving you the chance to try out the basic techniques before you decide to do the full open water course."

"Taking Long Island as a whole, the boundaries in breast cancer SMR are further away from boundaries in OPR than one would expect by chance (Figure 9, Table 4)."

i try to um the newspaper comes uh in the morning and i leave for work at seven huh yeah yeah and i usually don't get a chance to sit down until after work

"Morris' real focus, as he lets you know before you have a chance to ask, is the Higher Realms."

"If we assume that all of these clusters were associated with the citywide disease outbreaks, then the method generated at most two false alarms at a signal threshold where we would have expected one by chance alone."

so we both have a secret background that says somehow or another we just knew we were piano players and never g ot a chance uh

"Even if you can’t be there for an opera (opening with a gala to end all galas every sacrosanct December 7), attend a concert or dance performance there or at least visit the little museum (left of the theater), if only for a chance to see a strand of Mozart’s hair, Toscanini’s baton, or a peak into the sumptuous Neoclassical auditorium with its six tiers of balconies and galleries."

We calculated the optimal allocation of ARVs to available HCFs so that all infected individuals will have as close as possible to an equal chance of obtaining treatment.

i guess when she went uh was in the first grade brought home a note saying uh we're getting up a soccer team and we're getting a chance to play soccer

A Snowball's Chance

"The museums, while being few in number, provide an excellent chance to gain insight into the path the country has taken, as well as offering a sense of the country’s culture and folklore."

"“The probability of having a contaminant in our sample was one chance in a billion,” he calculates."

uh we haven't had a vacation in several years so so be our first chance in awhile in awhile uh

"Without question, the primary allure of Las Vegas — despite the resorts, restaurants, showrooms, and shopping malls — is the fact that one can legally place bets on games of chance and sporting events."

"The significance of the match between the T. acidophilum and the three pyrococcal ATPase inteins was assessed using PRSS at http://fasta.bioch.virginia.edu/fasta/prss.htm [ 29 ] . The P-value for this match, i.e. the probability of obtaining a match of this quality by chance alone, was calculated to be below 10 -10."

we will have a chance to make a real change

"Suppose you want to know just how unpleasant it is to face a 1 percent chance of a $100,000 loss."

Malaysia’s well developed transportation infrastructure — both road and air — also offers the chance to step away from rigid planning if you desire to stay an extra day by the beach or want to do some more extensive shopping.

"President Clinton relied on the advice of General Shelton, who informed him that without intelligence on Bin Ladin's location, a commando raid's chance of failure was high."

i would love for my girls to take piano lessons but we've been unemployed for a while so i haven't had a chance to do that so

"If you prefer seeing the area from the air, albeit attached to a motorboat, then Paracraft offers you the chance to paraglide."

"Olkin [ 14 ] has noted that the results of very large studies are usually published whereas the publication of small studies may depend on timing, with early small studies having a higher chance of publications than later small studies."

Here I had a chance to see the effects for myself.

"Luxor temple does not have a sound and light show but it is open late each evening, offering you a chance to enjoy the majestic remains under floodlights, a very romantic sight to behold."

"While there was probably never much chance of the pipeline actually being built, the Afghan desk hoped that the prospect of shared pipeline profits might lure faction leaders to a conference table.U.S."

"One question: why does the NYT say she showed that the healers detected a human hand they couldn't see at a rate ""no better than chance"" would have predicted, when her results show they scored only 44 percent, which is 6 percent worse?"

The Hubei Provincial Museum (Hubeisheng Bowuguan) owes its excellence to the chance discovery in 1978 of the tomb of the Marquis Yi of the State of Zeng.

"Because HDL was negatively associated with diabetes, this decrease in HDL would further lower chances of CHD events by 3%-5%."

B. There's an 89-percent chance I won't give you anything for Christmas.

"Sky Dive, Gran Canaria, offer the really adventurous the chance to skydive."

here's what you should do this is off the topic and these people probably won't did you go to Baylor by any chance

. Chance of removal from office: Zero.

"If something is extremely cheap, chances are that it’s a clever imitation."

"In research designs based on statistical inference, the criterion for establishing casuality is whether the findings are likely to have occurred by chance following appropriate comparisons to eliminate alternative interpretations."

or just even one guy just before you get a chance to uh

"Could he, by the remotest chance, have been the inspiration for A Boy named Sue?"

"Some picnickers say they’re doing the animal a favor, giving it a chance of a better reincarnation."

"The Gibbs sampling procedure revealed the presence of seven conserved motifs, with a probability of chance occurrence less than 10 -14, in the search space comprising of the 70 or so proteins that were identified in the above searches as having this domain."

that they uh it's i think the comparison is like baseball managers this year they seem to uh say two weeks in uh you've had your chance time to uh

"Seems ol' Bill had a chance hook-up with her in D.C.'s posh Cosmos Club: ""The dark-eyed young woman looked attractive in a simple short black dress and black stockings."

France seized the chance to install the young grandson of Louis XIV on the Spanish throne.

"We predicted that bootstrapping [ 18 ] might improve mode estimates because of the smoothing effect of the resampling, emphasizing (by chance) different subpeaks and thus generating different modes centered around a single (overall) peak in the distribution."

um-hum well if you get a chance now there are some really nice camping areas uh up in the Wichitas which is in Oklahoma and uh Arkansas

There is a slim chance that this young woman is just not interested in you (with no consideration of nationality involved) and is trying to let you down gently.

"During the American War of Independence, Jamaica came under threat again from other European powers, which saw Britain’s problem to the north as a chance to capture its colonies in the Caribbean."

"There's no reason to have nothing to do when there's an endless amount of pro bono work out there and maybe you will get a chance to learn something that you wouldn't get a chance to otherwise."""

"Among the many cylinders evaluated, the one with the maximum GLR constitutes the space–time cluster of cases that is least likely to be a chance occurrence and, hence, is the primary candidate for a true outbreak."

"Alternatively, a narrow window might discard too much data, increasing the chance for bias from nonrandom exclusion of subjects."

"This was then converted to a Z-score, which is the number of standard deviations the raw score is from the mean of the normal distribution of scores that would occur by chance."

"Such a filter is particularly appropriate for large datasets, as the chance of less-specific terms being retained by other filters increases with the number of genes analyzed."

"The chance that more knowledge could lead to reduction of suffering, disability and economic cost offers compelling reasons for further investigation of this subject."

"Next, we selected word pairs that displayed closer physical spacing in intergenic regions than expected by chance."

"have a 1-in-16 chance of selection, and that chance would be equal among sites."

"Sheehan was critical of Musharraf, telling us that the Pakistani leader ""blew a chance to remake Pakistan."""

"With improved ability to reconstruct ancestral genomes, this group will provide an excellent opportunity to determine the role of chance and selection in the determination of genome content and in the evolution of gene regulatory systems."

"As 1999 came to a close, the CIA had a new strategic plan in place for capturing Bin Ladin, but no option was rated as having more than a 15 percent chance of achieving that objective."

"If one takes the set of regions for calling a combination positive that gives a good ROC curve in a random sample of data, it may give a poor ROC curve in another random sample of the data, simply due to selecting chance patterns in the first sample."

"This modification was made to keep the data presented consistent with data presented in the other graphical formats since survival was not presented in the other graphs (the chance of not developing a disease is the closest equivalent to survival, which is the chance of not dying)."

Overfitting of a larger number of markers to a relatively small number of subjects produces a model that is overly sensitive to chance fluctuations in the data.

"The use of this robotic transfer reduced the chance for human error, increased the rate of transfer (thus reducing the exposure of the products to desiccation), and increased the reproducibility of the transfer."

The fragment lengths from single clone analyses that by chance contained cDNAs from the same gene reproduced very accurately.

"In other words, we sum the chances of all events that are no more likely than that of the observation."

The finding of two cases of cancer among the controls may be due to chance.

They may be deterred by a significant chance of failure.

The genome-wide probability of achieving a linkage of this strength by chance is <0.

"Counterterrorist Center officers briefed Attorney General Janet Reno and FBI Director Louis Freeh, telling them that the operation had about a 30 percent chance of success."

"To reduce the chances of a similar incident, the awareness manager concurrently (1) coordinated the development of a policy describing organizational data classification standards and (2) developed a brochure and guidelines to publicize the new standards and educate employees on their implementation."

This occurred by chance rather than design.

"A 50% decrease in p53 monomers can easily be imagined to result in a greater than 50% decrease in functional tetramers, which in turn increases the chances of these cells becoming cancerous."

5; a gene with a 50% chance of being divergent or present is assigned a value of 0; a gene with a 100% chance of being present is assigned 0.5.

"The chance of observing r replacement mutations is given by the binomial distribution, , where n is the number of codons providing data for this position."

"Each of these checkpoints or portals is a screening-a chance to establish that people are who they say they are and are seeking access for their stated purpose, to intercept identifiable suspects, and to take effective action."

"Next, a permutation test was used to select word pairs whose physical proximity was closer than that expected by chance."

This algorithm offers a chance to correct non-linearity in the chip system to a certain extent.

For female colorectal cancer SMR we found overlap avoidance: boundaries in female colorectal cancer incidence are further from boundaries in colorectal OPR than is expected by chance (Table 2).

"Thus, the final gene inventory might depend in part on chance combinations of gene order and deletions occurring early in the process of genome reduction."

"Kay Loughrey, a program information specialist with the aging administration, said grant applications were ranked a second time after the judges got a chance to review the letters. """

"Using the estimated parameters from the logistic regression (Table 5), the effect of this decrease would be to lower the chances of CHD events by between 14%-39%."

"LSC and LSNJ, on the other hand, say Passaic Legal Aid voluntarily sacrificed its chance for federal funding."

"Replying to a frustrated colleague in the field, the Bin Ladin unit chief wrote:""having a chance to get [Bin Ladin] three times in 36 hours and foregoing the chance each time has made me a bit angry."

"With few exceptions, acquired small focal metaplasias and hyperplasias have a very low chance of progression to cancer, and have been excluded from the classification schema because they rarely result in cancer without first growing into diffuse lesions (the class 4 lesions) or acquiring nuclear atypia (class 1 lesions)."

"We found that for each ten-year increment in age, the chances of having BCS increased by 1%."

The most a clinician can do is to manage the complications of ARF and limit further renal insult so as to assure the best chance of renal recovery.

"Differentially expressed genes will be defined herein as gene data determined to be statistical outliers from some standard state, and which can not be ascribed to chance or natural variabilty."

We establish an equity objective function to determine the optimal equitable allocation of ARVs to each HCF so that all individuals with HIV have an equal chance of receiving treatment.

"This is the approach taken in [ 24 25 ] , and it has lately been extended to modeling the joint distribution of the longitudinal and time-to-event data (ie, time to withdrawal) [ 26 27 ] . In this setting, we would compare the treatment groups with two aspects simultaneously: (a) the chance (or duration) of complying with the prescribed protocol and, (b) the outcome measure (eg, mean change in systolic blood pressure) given the pattern of compliance."

"First, it should provide an estimate of the confidence that the gene-expression pattern observed would occur by chance, that is, a p -value."

Thus the statistics can be interpreted to identify statistical evidence of boundary cohesiveness (longer boundaries than expected by chance high Lmean and Lmax and low Ns) or fragmentation (shorter boundaries than expected by chance low Lmean and Lmax and low Ns - P↑).

Reflect also on 5-year-old Seth Jackson-Mack's chances to live an ordinary life.

"Even with these relatively conservative estimates of uncertainty, chances are about half that the real total is outside the range of 50 million to 100 million."

"The kappa statistic is a chance corrected measure of agreement, that is the calculation of the statistic takes into account the marginal distributions."

"Because diabetic subjects had approximately a 3-fold greater chance of CHD events, the 12% reduction in BMI was likely to lead to a 10% decline in CHD events."

"The more positive the Z value, the less likely it is that the alignment occured by chance and that the two protein families are not related."

5 being equivalent to chance and 1.0 equivalent to 100% agreement).

"4%), while the 80% in (c) is an estimate of the chance of effective control of BP without side effects with the study therapies at Month 6, under an assumption of 'no information available for the missing data'."

"Single nucleotide discrimination is achieved at the ligation step by the use of the thermostable DNA ligase, Ampligase, which has a high affinity for a perfectly matched substrate at the 3' end of a DNA molecule [ 17 ] . We were able to enhance allele discrimination at the ligation step by designing the OCP such that the 5' complementary region is firmly hybridized to the target sequence whereas the 3' region is in equilibrium with its target at the ligation temperature [ 12 ] . This would result in increased specificity since the correctly matched OCP will have a greater chance to act as substrate for the ligase."

The agreement between the Framingham estimates and physicians' estimates were only moderately better than chance for 5 of the 6 physicians.

"Though researchers still do not know whether SIRT-1, or “Sir-2 in humans,” as Sinclair puts it, has anything to do with longevity, there is a good chance that it does, judging by its pedigree."

"Consequently, there is a good chance that this sequence contributes significantly to whatever role region 16 plays in enhancer function."

"Also, there is less chance of detecting slugs of toxic wastes, or other temporal variations in waste properties."

"The higher the chi-square and the lower the p value, the less likely the observed degree of correlation occurred by chance, which implies that the observed relationship is biologically significant."

"Thus it is extremely unlikely that a false positive would occur by chance alone in a 15,154 member test set."

"For 237 random predictions one expects 2% or five genes to be patterned, and the probability to get 21 or more genes (see additional File 3) by chance (p-value) is ~10 -10."

"In the former, positive studies have better chance of getting published, while negative studies have a higher chance of being rejected."

"31Steven F. Venti and David A. Wise, ""Choice, Chance, and Wealth Dispersion at Retirement,"" Working Paper No."

"When no presence / absence filter was applied (12533 probe sets included in the analysis), the estimated false detection rate (ratio method) increased from 37% to 73% because there were fewer differences (at P < 0.01) among the ""absent"" mRNAs than expected by chance (48 observed vs. 79 expected by chance)."

"On giving the Taliban a chance, see Marvin Weinbaum interview (Aug."

Three types of evidence are cited to support the idea that mental exercise can improve one's chances of escaping Alzheimer disease.

Sultan and colleagues speculate that the drying effects of the wind on the mucous membranes could increase the chances of the organism getting established in the human host.

"We then identified 404 unique transcripts (represented by 487 total cDNAs) with significant differences in expression levels between normal and AIS genital fibroblasts using the significance analysis of microarrays (SAM)-procedure [ 6 ] , with a false discovery rate of less than 0.92% (percent of genes identified by chance alone)."

But does RNAi have a better chance to succeed as a drug than antisense or ribozymes?

We have chosen defining sets that contain the shortest informative protein sequence in order to maximize the chance of producing single-domain profile objects.

"Generally, northern selections have the greatest chance of maintaining stands when compared to southern-selected cultivars [ 1 ] . However, this distinction among cultivars happens only when plants receive adequate cold induction."

"Geveden agrees that the bill's chances for passage ""are pretty reasonable."""

"Both the mean and maximum boundary length were longer, on average, than expected by chance (Lmean P↑ = 0.004; Lmax P↑ = 0.004)."

"In particular, the most common and destructive pathogens faced by humans and other mammals are RNA viruses, such as influenza A, yellow fever, and hepatitis C. In most cases, our ability to survive these viral infections is simply a combination of good luck and good breeding; with the right combination of MHC alleles, itself a function of population history and what we by chance inherit from our parents, some individuals may be more able to fight off viral infections than others."

"Previous authors have noted that there is an assumption by the public and the medical profession that the ""end of life"" is discernible [ 1 ] . Results from the SUPPORT study, however, suggest that our ability to detect the end of life is limited: the median predicted chance for two-month survival was no better than '50-50' just one week before death."

"From the field, the CIA's Gary Schroen advised:""Hit him tonight-we may not get another chance."""

A search for conserved motifs using the Gibbs sampling procedure resulted in the detection of three conserved motifs with a probability of chance occurrence < 10 -12in the search space comprising these proteins.

"In the event that Bin Ladin traveled to the Kandahar region in southern Afghanistan, the tribal network there was unlikely to attack a heavily guarded Bin Ladin; the Counterterrorist Center rated the chance of success at less than 10 percent."

"In more conservative analyses (requiring an uncorrected p value of 10 -4), where we expect to observe only one group by chance, in fact we observed 124 groups (Table 1)."

"Therefore, increasing the number of HCFs available for an ARV rollout is effective in significantly increasing equality in treatment accessibility as shown in Figure 4. Furthermore, if catchment regions actually have a radius of 60 km, or can be increased to this size through improvements in transportation, this would enable access to HCFs for almost all people in the province, as shown in Figure 4. The actual HCF allocations determined by our model and optimization for the cases of 17, 27, and 54 HCFs (and for all catchment sizes we consider) are presented as pie charts in Figure 5. It is clear from our analysis that the equality criterion, such that each individual with HIV in KwaZulu–Natal has an equal chance of receiving ARVs, can best be satisfied by utilizing all 54 HCFs for ARV distribution and ensuring that each HCF serves a catchment region of 40 to 60 km."

"Over 100 genes with p-values less than 0.02 were identified; however, because there are over 12,000 transcripts measured on the U95A arrays, some of the genes would potentially be identified by chance."

"Some of the binding-site occurrences shown in Figure 6are likely to have occurred by chance (especially for sequences that are common in the genome, such as the Hap2/3/4p-, Mig1p-, and Msn2/Msn4p-binding sites)."

"That person will come back to you when they have a personal injury case, or some other case that has the chance of substantial economic gain, he said. """

"It is noteworthy that the model for the likelihood of over-determination is the null-model, e.g. the comparison of actual sequences is evaluated against the hypothesis that the similarity observed happened by chance alone."

"The number of differentially regulated genes identified by these criteria, 49 with increased and 21 with decreased expression, is significantly higher than expected by random chance, but it is much lower than one would expect if MeCP2 had a crucial role as transcriptional repressor of all genes with methylated promoters."

"If we use P < 0.01 to define a significant difference, we should expect ~46 chance differences (0."

"However, control limits of ± 2S will be exceeded 5% of the time by chance alone, regardless of how well a laboratory performs."

"The peak of nine-nucleotide TSDs, the minimum TSD length allowed by TSDfinder, is likely to be enriched in false positives because they have a relatively low average TSD score of 98; there is obviously a higher likelihood of finding these shorter matches by chance."

"Points above the upper limit line show more variation between the phylogenetic partitions (that is, longer bA) than expected by chance, and points below the lower limit line show more variation within one partition (that is, longer bB and/or bC) than expected."

The finding is not likely to be a chance happenstance for the following reason.

It thresholds the T-statistics to provide a 'significant' gene list and provides an estimate of the false discovery rate (the percent of genes identified by chance alone) from randomly permuted data.

"There's no reason to have nothing to do when there's an endless amount of pro bono work out there and maybe you will get a chance to learn something that you wouldn't get a chance to otherwise."""

"“There's a very good chance that the first drug is unlikely to be…nicotine itself, but will take advantage of nicotinic receptors in the therapy,” he says."

This method essentially searches for areas of the genome that are shared less often than one would expect by chance.

"In total, these results indicate boundaries that are significantly longer and more cohesive than is expected by chance, and suggests that spatial variation in OPR for colorectal cancer occurs on relatively large spatial scales."

Both studies had approximately an 80% chance of detecting a 20% absolute difference between the intervention and control groups [ 11 ] .

We sought to measure the magnitude of this effect by identifying all groups of physically adjacent genes that showed pair-wise correlations between their expression profiles that were higher than expected by chance.

"This could be a chance event, or may result from selection for certain X-linked alleles during embryonic development, as has been described in carriers of X-linked immunodeficiencies [ 17]."

"To reduce the chances of a similar incident, the awareness manager concurrently (1) coordinated the development of a policy describing organizational data classification standards and (2) developed a brochure and guidelines to publicize the new standards and educate employees on their implementation."

"Thus, gene groups that contained co-conserved and spatially close word pairs are more significantly associated with gene-expression changes than expected by chance."

"By contrast, the significance of BMI in the model for diabetes showed that, irrespective of height, being over-weight increased the chances of diabetes."

"With each duplication, some genes increase their presence in the genome, enhancing their chance of further duplication."

"Through permutation testing,we determined an empirical cutoff for the cross-validation consistencythat would not be expected by chance."

"Also, there is less chance of detecting slugs of toxic wastes, or other temporal variations in waste properties."

Extreme positive scores suggest GO terms with the greatest confidence that the correlation between the expression changes of the genes in this grouping are not occurring by chance alone.

"While boundaries in male lung cancer incidence are significantly near boundaries in OPR, the boundaries in OPR are significantly farther from boundaries in male lung cancer incidence than is expected by chance (Oh P↑ = 0.009)."

"However, control limits of ± 2S will be exceeded 5% of the time by chance alone, regardless of how well a laboratory performs."

"Consequently, patients at high risk for developing neutropenia will have a greater chance of receiving full-dose chemotherapy on time and avoiding febrile neutropenia."

"Despite growing concerns, U.S. diplomats were willing at the time, as one official said, to ""give the Taliban a chance."""

"4%) increase in first-ever or recurrent strokes may be due to chance, but it is probably due to the population gain (262,803,000 in 1995 versus 265,229,000 in 1996, a 0.9% increase), and the increase in aging (≥ 65 years old) population from 1995 to 1996 (33,619,000 in 1995 versus 33,957,000 in 1996, a 1.0% increase)."

These companies employed below-average numbers of women and minorities for 10 years and their hiring of women or minorities was so far below the averages that there was only one chance in a hundred that the discrimination occurred randomly.

One way to do this is to delay publication until such a time when the chances that a conclusion is true are sufficiently high.

"Thus, it is highly unlikely that either data normalization or a chance distribution could have accounted for the highly significant p-values noted in the M/Z region less than 500."

"The observed association of highly conserved rRNA and group I intron sites is, therefore, unlikely to have occurred by chance alone."

"Mutations in MYOC have been shown to be causative for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) [ 1 2 3 ] . Glucocorticoids have been implicated in ocular hypertension and glaucoma due to increased plasma cortisol levels [ 4 5 ] and altered cortisol metabolism [ 6 7 ] in POAG patients and from the increased risk of developing POAG in steroid-responsive patients [ 8 9 ] . Myocilin has been shown to be upregulated in glucocorticoid-treated human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells [ 10 11 ] , and there is variable evidence for increased MYOC expression in glaucomatous individuals [ 12 13 14 ] . In addition, glaucoma patients have a higher chance of responding to steroids than non-glaucomatous individuals."

Progress on these research fronts will improve our chances of understanding and controlling infections caused by M. paratuberculosis and related pathogens.

"Writing to Rumsfeld on September 17 in a memo headlined ""Preventing More Events,""he argued that if there was even a 10 percent chance that Saddam Hussein was behind the 9/11 attack, maximum priority should be placed on eliminating that threat."

"By comparison, 46 genes (over four times the 10 expected by chance) were common to the 223 genes upregulated in A549 cultures and the 256 genes upregulated in U118 cultures over tumors ( p < 0.01, fold change > 2)."

"When no presence / absence filter was applied (12533 probe sets included in the analysis), the estimated false detection rate (ratio method) increased from 37% to 73% because there were fewer differences (at P < 0.01) among the ""absent"" mRNAs than expected by chance (48 observed vs. 79 expected by chance)."

"For each one-centimeter increase in tumor size, there was a 3% lesser chance of undergoing BCS."

"As predicted, using the 3' conserved region for trimming and matching from the 3' end resulted in quicker FastGroup analysis (Table 2), presumably because the conserved region increases the chance that a window will be quickly found."

"Of the nineteen proteins we have included in our depiction of the pheromone response network, eighteen are annotated as playing a role in the fungal cell differentiation by MIPS [ 10 ] . The probability that this selection would have occurred by chance was calculated with the hypergeometric distribution was found to be P = 5 × 10 -24."

"Alternatively, in the above setting the chance that at least one of the 15,154 measurements would have a p-value less than 10 -6is approximately 1.5%."

"These apparent discrepancies by menopausal status, although they may be due to chance, could reflect differences in the nature of premenopausal and post-menopausal breast cancer etiology, particularly in relation to steroid hormones."

"Norm Scharf lured me to Florida with promises of sunshine, warm temperatures and the chance to follow Gene Del Polito on a panel."

Concerns that Binalshibh intended to immigrate to the United States doomed his chances to participate firsthand in the 9/11 attacks.

"An indirect approach to conservation is like taking the circuitous route, he says, and the chances are that you will run out of fuel."

"For these reasons, commercial companies have strong incentives to capture product knowledge early in the process to assess the chances of making the business case and the need for further investments."

"Nevertheless, Zinni told us that Musharraf was someone who would actually work with the United States if he was given the chance to do so."

"An ideal benefits estimate of mortality risk reduction would reflect these human characteristics, in addition to an individual's willingness to pay (WTP) to improve one's own chances of survival plus WTP to improve other individuals' survival rates."

"Second, modest chemistry and biology experiments will be needed to increase the chances for success."

"The boundaries in breast cancer OPR are significant and cohesive, being longer and having fewer singleton boundaries than expected by chance (Table 1)."

"For example, even if gene expression measurements follow a perfect normal distribution, the chance that a measurement falls beyond one standard deviation from the mean on either side is as large as 32%."

SAM lists genes for which d exceeds (by an adjustable threshold termed Δ) the value that would be expected by chance (d e ). Values of d e are generated by computing the d distribution numerous times with random permutations of the group assignments (we instructed SAM to perform 100 permutations).

CIA saw a 95 percent chance of Special Operations Command forces capturing Bin Ladin if deployed-but less than a 5 percent chance of such a deployment.

"Moreover, if we do not randomly assign patients to either the experimental or control groups, then we again run the risk of researcher bias affecting the outcome, e.g., by selecting patients for the experimental group who have the best chance of improvement."

"Walking, self-assembly motions, and supercoiling now dominate movements leading to chance contacts."

"Therefore, genes whose TCRs contained any word pair within this group probably contained a conserved Cbf1p-binding site, along with a conserved Met31/32p-binding site, and the distances between the conserved sites in these genes were also smaller than expected by chance."

A probability sample is one in which all members of the population have a known and equal chance of being selected.

They then did a neighbor analysis to identify 1100 genes occurring above chance levels which related to the AML/ALL distinction.

"Leroi, an evolutionary biologist at Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine in London, offers an optimistic appraisal of the chances of finding a cure for ageing in his new book about the effects of genetic variety on the human body."

CIA saw a 95 percent chance of Special Operations Command forces capturing Bin Ladin if deployed-but less than a 5 percent chance of such a deployment.

The GCS was developed as a means for grading patients with traumatic brain injury and for predicting their chances of neurological recovery.

Very short CSEs overlap each other more frequently in the human or mouse genomes than long CSEs because they are more likely to happen by chance.

There has not yet been a chance to make many replacements.

"Thus, the longer the longer the follow-up period (up to some point) the less chance for bias due to excluding long-term effects of screening."

"In determining whether or not a reference toxicant test result falls ""well"" outside the expected range, the result also may be compared with upper and lower bounds for ±3S, as any result outside these control limits would be expected to occur by chance only 1 out of 100 tests (Environment Canada, 1990)."

"Thus, if distantly related species fit the response curves predicted by the model, we can conclude either that forces at the nucleotide level drive codon and amino-acid usage, and there is nothing special about certain codons or amino acids, or that there is a unique spectrum of preferred codon and amino-acid usages that applies to all species, extends over a huge range of compositions, and happens to match the predictions of the model by chance."

"According to Binalshibh, a chance meeting on a train in Germany caused the group to travel to Afghanistan instead."

"These ‘large steps’ imply that genome reduction involved some random chance (due to the location of genes in the ancestral chromosome) and selection acting on the combined fitness of large sets of genes, rather than the fitness of individual loci."

"Finally, the log-odds of occurrence of a specific residue is obtained from the logarithm of the sum of real and pseudo-counts divided by the background frequency that would occur in a random sequence by chance."

"In the former, positive studies have better chance of getting published, while negative studies have a higher chance of being rejected."

"For example if the screening test were based on a sampling of cells, the screening test may, by chance, not include any of the tumor cells."

The coefficient of the variable for diabetes was positive and was a statistically significant predictor of CHD events; subjects with diabetes in Exam 1 had between 70%-534% higher chances of a CHD event.

"Since this might have everything to do what the participants' chance to socialize with friends in a nonthreatening environment and nothing to do with self-esteem or work habits, it seemed to these researchers that it was therefore logical not to decide on the evaluation questions until their appropriateness could be determined."

"This modification was made to keep the data presented consistent with data presented in the other graphical formats since survival was not presented in the other graphs (the chance of not developing a disease is the closest equivalent to survival, which is the chance of not dying)."

"The association we observed with chlamydia is probably a marker of sexual behavior rather than a causal factor; for example, women who reported a history of chlamydia were more likely to douche and to report engaging in oral sex, although it is possible that chlamydia carriage adversely affects the vaginal flora increasing the chance of Candida colonization."

These results indicated that diameter of coronary arteries was likely to be influenced by height and hence taller subjects had lower chances of CHD events.

This observed distribution of rRNA introns among the available insertion positions is extremely unlikely to occur by chance.

It is felt that dogs bitten on the head have a better chance of survival since there is less vascular absorption of the venom.

The argument for hitting al Shifa was that it would lessen the chance of Bin Ladin's having nerve gas for a later attack.

"The survival curve was atypical in that its y-axis presented a patient's chance of not developing a disease instead of the more standard ""chance of survival""."

"However, if a gene is predicted to have a 50% chance of being present, the question arises as to how it should be assigned."

Battered Afghanistan has a chance.

White's impression from the New York briefing was that the chances of capturing Bin Ladin alive were nil.

"MicroSAGE libraries generated from freshly dissected peripheral retina from similarly aged adult male humans gave a correlation coefficient of 0.673 when all tags were considered, a substantial difference between observed and chance p -values of variance between the samples (Figure 4), and many tags lie outside the confidence band plotted for comparisons of libraries made from identical starting material (Figure 5d)."

The chances of detecting a spike in toxicity would depend on the frequency of sampling and the probability of missing a spike is high.

This reflects the fact that in this region genes have a very low (close to 0%) chance of being present.

"Disagreement remains in the literature on the direction and magnitude of effect, if any, of oral contraceptives on breast cancer risk [ 12 16 24 ] . Despite large studies designed to address such differences, chance, selection factors, changes in formulations, patterns of use, and different background risk for breast cancer might account for some of the variation in findings."

First an envoy would give the Taliban a last chance.

"Though the 80-residue cutoff may not apply to a small portion (around 5%) of integral membrane proteins, it diminished the chance of including soluble domains within membrane domains, given that the average soluble domain has about 170 residues [ 17]."

To maximize the chances of finding all existing exons total RNA extracted from 10 days old larvae was used as the template.

"A more variable sequence surrounding the integration point would restrict homing to members of the same species, and would thus lower the chances for long term survival of the intein."

"(By that, Schroen explained, he meant that the chance of capturing or killing Bin Ladin was about 40 percent.)"

"The finding of a QuartOP in a mitochondrial genome quartet that supports a non-traditional grouping could either reflect a rare recombination event, selection pressures that led to convergent evolution in two lineages, or a chance event - if one looks at enough samples one will find some that (considered by themselves) appear significant."

"If we treat gene duplication as a stochastic process, the chance of a given gene being duplicated is proportional to its occurrence in the genome."

"An alternative is to replace the list of the total set of genes on the microarray with a list of the total set of genes in the genome (or a representative sample), but that approach introduces another source of bias: genes not on the microarray are counted in determining N and n but have no chance to be flagged."

"But if it's that simple, why are governments, non-governmental organisations, private bodies, and international organisations not jumping at the chance to experiment with this approach?"

"According to a 1999 opinion survey, low and moderate income Americans mistakenly believe they have a better chance of accumulating $500,000 through winning the lottery than through saving and investing a portion of their income."

"The present sample, which spans a wide range of G+C proportion, is hoped diverse enough that any consistent trends and features in the statistical picture it produces cannot be easily attributed to chance."

"Finally, in the L1 sequence minus the 5' UTR, the length of the longest internal A-tract (seven nucleotides) is shorter than would be expected by random chance."

"I wanted to be there ...I had my second chance to change my life."""

"A time for a youngster to enjoy the fun and benefits of residential camp living, dedicated staff and instruction, and a chance to make special friends."

Your contribution will help with funding so Jameson Camp can continue providing the year-round camping experience that gives kids a chance to create dreams.

Here was a chance to quantify such things.

"In many other places, the ancient sites lay buried—and still do—beneath modern cities: modern property owners quite understandably take a dim view of tearing down their buildings on the off chance that the remnants of an ancient town will be found several yards below."

"There's, there's so many things that you never get the chance to see anywhere else, but you can see it all just walking around."

"Acute pain has been studied in single dose designs first proposed by Beecher and colleagues [ 1 2 ] and formalized by Houde and Wallenstein [ 3 ] . The problem with single trials is that while they can demonstrate statistical superiority of analgesic over placebo, variation because of random chance means that, if small, they provide a poor estimate of the size of the analgesic effect [ 4 ] . Combining results from clinically homogeneous trials in a meta-analysis gives an accurate estimate of the extent of the analgesic effect when sufficient numbers of patients have been randomized [ 4 5 ] ."

"When asked to compare opportunities received in their Girl Scout activities versus those in their schools, Girl Scouts at all age levels responded that troop activities offered them significantly more chances to achieve positive, pro-social outcomes."

yeah that's a good question i believe from what i remember of the literature they gave uh if you fail i believe they give you one more chance they probably give you a chance to explain yourself

"The governor of New Orleans, 23-year-old Don Bernardo de Gálvez, seized the chance to help the colonists in their struggle against George III, and led raiding parties that kept the British outposts along the Mississippi on the defensive."

You should really give everybody a chance.

"The plan had now been modified so that the tribals would keep Bin Ladin in a hiding place for up to a month before turning him over to the United States-thereby increasing the chances of keeping the U.S. hand out of sight."""

"Or the virtual impossibility of finding a quiet place to study or even think, so that the children can cope in school and one day have a chance of achieving something better?"

The least innovative apparel suppliers are seeing their chances for survival dwindle every year.

"A great exhibition was a chance to dazzle with what it could make and build, beginning with the glass and iron Crystal Palace itself, a marvel of early Victorian engineering."

yeah well i haven't get a chance i haven't got a chance to look at them yet

Trips along the coast in colorful caïques offer the chance to enjoy a cooling breeze and an alternative view of the island.

"And every year she comes out at night and asks people for rides home because she never get, she never got a chance to go visit her, her parents."

Gene delivery may offer the greatest chance of early success.

"Mom was too old to try to do it, so I give them that chance."

"By 1971 I had asked and found a preliminary answer to the following question: In a complex mixture of diVerent proteins, where the proteins might be able to serve as candidates to ligate one another into still larger amino acid sequences, what are the chances that such a system will contain one or more collectively autocatalytic sets of molecules?"

"I assume you leave the house when you conduct these little trials, but there is always the chance that someone else may have lingered."

well i'd i now i have a problem with this too i think our courts have too many opportunities for them to go back and get one more chance

"Most of the gambling in Las Vegas is concentrated along the Strip, where nearly twenty major casinos in excess of 100,000 sq ft (9300 sq m) beckon passers-by to lighten their pockets a little and take the chance that they may be among the few who will win the “Big One. ”"

"The lake path makes a delightful two-hour ramble through woodland, giving you a good chance of spotting some of the park’s small wildlife, notably some very chubby brown porcupine and an occasional beaver."

"So anyway I got, I got a chance to take a look at Mr. Speckman and, um, he looked just like Michaela had described, so through the whole thing I kind of did an analysis of, you know, do I or do I not want to meet Mr. Speckman?"

The traditional celebrations of rural life and the village sports days still give all members of local communities the chance to put their skills to the test and to enjoy each other’s company.

And the answer to a lot of those people was not a chance in hell.

Fiestas and folklore exhibitions are still the tourist’s best chance of seeing la lucha.

"Which they would go out into the bars, I think they called it in Manila, and on the weekend I spent one weekend there I had a chance to taste the foods, uh, to sleep under the uh, net, see little bit of a cock fight."

"This involves a morning or afternoon of theory and swimming pool work, which will give you the chance to try out the basic techniques."

So we took a chance on it and started following the billboards.

"Travelers with more time can venture deeper into the wilderness grasslands, where there is a better chance of sleeping in a real yurt, not one specially furnished for foreign visitors."

"Um, so even though it was kind of a scary experience being uprooted from everything you knew, um, it gave me the chance to see that change is good and that, um, seeing a different part of, you know, just different parts of the same town, it's still very beneficial because it gave me the chance to realize how to adapt to different situations, into a different environment, relatively quickly."

"Since the distribution system is unpredictable, old China hands say you shouldn’t take a chance: if you find something you like, buy it, for it might not be on sale anywhere else."

"Um, so even though it was kind of a scary experience being uprooted from everything you knew, um, it gave me the chance to see that change is good and that, um, seeing a different part of, you know, just different parts of the same town, it's still very beneficial because it gave me the chance to realize how to adapt to different situations, into a different environment, relatively quickly."

"The bargains or at least more authentic and tasteful products are to be found far from these main tourist centers, in artisans’ workshops on the Giudecca, in the Dorsoduro behind the Zattere — to be hunted down or stumbled upon by chance."

"I wouldn't trade that experience for the world because there are too many people that I know who are very sheltered from not only new experiences, from like new ideas and new situations, and so I think it's kind of a blessing that I had the chance to go through this in the kind of, um, be the new kid and see what it was like to be the outsider and to not be in the in crowd, you know."

"If your desire is to escape the coastal heat, highland retreats will refresh and invigorate, offering a chance to enjoy what was once the exclusive domain of colonial administrators."

"So, I know if we do have a little boy, even a little girl, I know there might be a good chance of being some good athletes in the family."

"Kildare put his arm through the hole, thus giving rise to the common expression “to chance your arm. ”"

"I've always had, had an interest in history, so it was a chance to learn more about people."

"At the Artis complex there is the chance to explore the aquarium, zoo, and planetarium."

"Their home is now the apron-staged Festival Theatre, while the Avon Theatre and Third Stage put on alternative fare, offering jazz and chamber-music concerts as well as a chance to discover Canadian playwrights."

i've had a chance to

"What she did get was a chance to rally and embolden the men and women inside the New Deal who shared her belief that its benefits ought to extend to everyone, including ""negroes,"" and to give some lasting symbolic weight to the civil rights movement."

Thus the statistics can be interpreted to identify statistical evidence of boundary cohesiveness (longer boundaries than expected by chance high Lmean and Lmax and low Ns) or fragmentation (shorter boundaries than expected by chance low Lmean and Lmax and low Ns - P↑).

The museum also has a Kindermuseum (Children’s Museum) offering 6–12 year olds a chance to explore the collection and interact with the exhibits.

but uh otherwise you know we uh with you know PBS and so forth and i i particularly enjoy i don't know whether you've whether you had a chance to watch it on PBS but uh

"Washington Post columnist Richard Cohen admonished critics, ""It is an active family, an achieving family, and so its members have taken some chances."""

"Specifically, we determine the optimal allocation strategy that would ensure that each individual with HIV has an equal chance of receiving ARVs."

"The building has a light and spacious modern design, offering the chance to wander easily among the exhibits."

it turned out real well because the children then had a swimming pool and what have you and it gave us a chance

Here's a chance to remember what real high crimes and misdemeanors are all about.

These results indicate boundaries that are significantly longer and more cohesive than is expected by chance.

We have the chance to shape the future of IUPUI by what we choose to do here.

Tourists are then offered the chance to ride camels (stepladders are provided for mounting these mild-mannered animals) and ponies.

really they they gave him every chance possible with him

"The classic example of moral hazard comes from insurance: Because you have it, you feel protected against your own mistakes and behave in a riskier manner, increasing the chances that you will suffer a loss."

"Also, there is less chance of detecting slugs of toxic wastes, or other temporal variations in waste properties."

The main highlight of a stay at one of these special temples is the chance to sample the luxurious Buddhist vegetarian temple cuisine (shojin-ryori) served only in such lodgings.

i think it's the second shot or the third shot the bullet's in there but i mean he'll give them two chances

6. U.N. human rights envoy Thomas Hammarberg (I'm not sure what he weighs) feels Cambodia could be using recent political stability as a chance to make progress on human rights.

"Meanwhile, a European with an eye for chance had ingratiated his way into the French court at Versailles."

"This is an effort to do something about that, while giving older, retired lawyers a chance to stay active, he said. """

if i'm around during the daytime and have a chance i'll switch on CNN

Chances are I attacked the other books too.

"In Melaka, observe the way of life of the Babas, the oldest Chinese community, and its more modern manifestation in Penang — or indeed elsewhere, as Chinatowns throughout Malaysia offer chances to explore, browse, or buy."

"Consequently, many desperately ill patients are admitted to the ICU with very high severity of illness and no meaningful chance of survival."

not careful not to mention finding the time to read them it's even hard for me i'd i have mail buckets full of magazines i haven't had a chance to look at yet

"Then, if New York's Republican Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, deprived of the chance to beat Hillary himself, opts out of the race, it would leave you with a clear shot at the U.S."

"Night dives are particularly exciting, offering a chance to discover the thriving nocturnal habitat of Los Arcos, the imposing rock formation that juts out of the southern shore of the bay."

"If the authors really intended to estimate the chance for patients to have effective control of BP with no side effects with the study therapies at Month 6 ('responders' in brief), then we need to do more work."

but i see i i see so much going on that that's bad and this would give them a chance to have some positive self esteem something that they turn back

A Gallup poll in Israel last weekend gave Netanyahu a 56 percent chance of victory.

"This involves a morning or afternoon of theory and swimming pool work, which will give you the chance to try out the basic techniques."

In reality the high average is more likely the result of chance factors that coincided with left handed pitchers at ballpark X during that particular month.

um not tons but i like to when i get a chance i've only been once so far but had the opportunity a couple times since then

"The bald, curdle-faced pinky-sucker is still locked in excruciating combat with his teen-aged son, Scott Evil (Seth Green), who never misses a chance to jeer at his father's grandiosity, and who in turn is dismissed as ""quasievil ..."

"But the southwest’s growing need for water, combined with Las Vegas’s fortuitous proximity to the Colorado River, would give Las Vegas a second chance to achieve prosperity."

It is formally possible that the presence of the Antonia LTR within the Cht3 intron was the result of a chance fixation event prior to the expansion of D. melanogaster around the world.

so uh yeah you guys uh do you get much of a chance to hunt or anything or

They treat games of chance as exactly that--games.

Children especially enjoy having a chance to feed the animals.

"Replying to a frustrated colleague in the field, the Bin Ladin unit chief wrote:""having a chance to get [Bin Ladin] three times in 36 hours and foregoing the chance each time has made me a bit angry."

it doesn't seem seem like it's useful for him to uh doesn't it seem like a waste of money though for him to come back into the race this late uh what are his chances of winning at this point

"On the positive side, most say the acting is great, and though the film ""doesn't take enormous chances,"" it is nevertheless ""extremely satisfying"" (Denby, The New Yorker ). Slate 's Edelstein is more positive than most, praising the ""deliciously resonant dual setting: a Catskills summer community to which middle-class Jews from the city migrate to swim and eat and play mah-jongg, and the gathering hippies at nearby Woodstock."""

"But its monuments and parks are well worth visiting, not least for the chance to mingle with the Cantonese people themselves."

"Given that current rates are unlikely to remain constant over an extended period of time, and that persons are more likely interested in their chance of developing the cancer from their current ages onward, short-term, age-conditional probability estimates are perhaps more relevant [ 10 ] . Both types of probability estimates are reported in this paper."

yeah my family uh didn't like Texas and i had a chance to uh transfer up TI bought a company about seven months after i moved to Texas right here in Hunt Valley

"Prudie thinks there's a slim chance that you are your own friend, if you get my drift."

"If you can afford the “bullet train” just once, this is your chance, as — in one exhilarating sweep — you pass through almost all the major cities of Central and Western Honshu on the way."

Findings from the accumulated literature appear to be more than chance yet sufficiently variable as to render “hard” replication elusive.

and uh so then when i you know i finally get a chance to go out with my husband it's like a real chore to find something nice to wear

My own feeling is that the film deserves its chance to develop in the minds of its viewers before being defined in a tidal wave of buzz.

"These agricultural shows offer families the opportunity to get together and have fun, and they offer visitors a rare chance to chat with the local farming community."

"5 crx +/+mRNA samples (that is, the RNA sample was divided into two tubes at the onset of the reverse-transcription step) showed a correlation coefficient of 0.939, showed very little difference between observed and chance cumulative p -values of variance (Figure 4), and showed little difference between abundant tags (Figure 5c)."

what are the chances for scholarships

"Unfortunately, the new company will be called Earthlink , robbing us of the chance to have a firm called Mindearthspringlink, which would have been cool."""

"Nichols House (55 Mount Vernon Street; Tel. 227-6993, open for guided tours May–October Tuesday–Saturday, noon–5pm; February–April and November–December Monday, Wednesday, and Friday noon–5pm), offers a chance to view the interior of a residence attributed to Bulfinch."

"Moreover, in a strict analysis of divergent genes, one would want to exclude even genes with a 10% chance of being present from the divergent category."

yeah i haven't even had a chance i've only had it for about three months i haven't had a chance to take it out on the road

"Oddly, the Newt Gingrich-led sallies against public broadcasting, which consume many pages of Made Possible By , have only enhanced its chances of survival."

"Some experts say there’s a greater chance of a making a catch in the cooler days of spring and autumn, and in the hours after sunset."

But surely the intelligence community would have preferred to have the chance to make these choices.

so you really not making a sizeable profit so it's not really lucrative to take chances like that you know even though it it does exist

"The NYT fronts somewhat disturbing news from the cancer wars, a story that's also flagged in the WSJ front news box and runs inside at the WP : According to a new study of 639 women, there is a technique that reduces the chance of breast cancer among high-risk women: removing both breasts while they are still healthy."

"Divers have a chance to see turtles, sharks, and barracuda in their natural environment; the warm waters make for exciting and comfortable diving throughout the year."

"Between the A549 xenograft tumors and the A549 cell cultures, 357 genes (375 probe sets) differed significantly at p < 0.01 with a fold change greater than two either way (134 genes being higher in tumors and 223 genes being higher in culture), a number much greater than the 24 to be expected by chance, as determined by permutation testing."

i don't believe that they're given a chance to uh do anything productive or even uh mix with the rest of the prison community

"Suppose, for example, that Al Gore and George W. Bush are in the middle of a hotly contested race for the presidency when Colin Powell suddenly throws his hat in the ring--and suppose that Powell has a 20 percent chance of winning."

There’s also an enchanting collection of bunraku puppets — a rare chance to see them at close range.

"No breastfeeding parameter correlated with the attitude of the infant's father or grandmother, and this is in contrast to studies from other countries [ 9 12 36 38 ] . Almost all partners and grandmothers in this study were reported to be positive toward breastfeeding, and the lack of ""negative or neutral attitudes"" towards breastfeeding diminishes the chances to link attitude to feeding behavior."

they may not get a chance to take them that year um average graduation has crept up closer and closer to five years largely because of the number of students who can't get all of the courses to fulfill their major on time

And that was their chance of getting even.

Your best chance to see it is at the Ampang reserve near Kuala Lumpur or at Taman Negara.

"While boundaries in female lung cancer SMR were significantly close to boundaries in OPR, boundaries in OPR are further from boundaries in female lung cancer incidence than is expected by chance (Oh P↑ = 0.002)."

well do you think that um by uh going over there and doing what we did that uh it's going to give us a chance for peace over there

"It's a mistake for these countries to argue that having minimum-wage laws or regulations keeping corporations from running toxic dumps will wreck their chances of competing in the world market, just like it's a mistake for small businesses to argue that having a minimum-wage law in the United States does irreparable harm to them."

The caves were discovered by chance in 1861 by a Chinese slave.

"Tumor stage is the most significant prognostic parameter for 5-year survival, but even patients with non-small cell lung cancer (non-SCLC) in pathologic stage IA disease (a tumor of less than 3 cm diameter located in one lobe of the lung and more than 2 cm from the carina without visceral pleural involvement, atelectasis, or pneumonitis, and absence of metastatic spread to regional lymph nodes) have a 33% chance of recurrence within 5 years after complete surgical resection (lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection) [ 2]."

if you get a chance read Dr Cooper's book on controlling cholesterol

"Therefore Snap's A is an 11-percent shot at Snurr's A. Meanwhile, Snap's choice B amounts to an 11-percent shot at Snurr's choice B. (Do the math: A 10-percent chance of winning $5 million is the same as an 11-percent chance of winning a 10/11 chance of winning $5 million."

You also have a chance of spotting the endangered whooping crane.

"Mike"" remembered Tenet telling him that the military was concerned that a few hours had passed since the last sighting of Bin Ladin and that this persuaded everyone that the chance of failure was too great."

by some chance i think it would have been criminal if our system had allowed him to live in prison for life

"As for the pious hope that the Internal Revenue Service will be able to police the new tax breaks--to assure that all claimants are truly residents of the district and that the nation's capital has not become a flagrant tax haven--well, the IRS has a better chance here than in the Cayman Islands."

"When the news reached London, Henry VIII saw his chance to subdue Scotland again and negotiated a marriage between the infant Mary and his son Edward."

"To the northwest, the Uzbeks might be ready for a cross-border sortie in six months; their chance of success was also rated at less than 10 percent."

if i get a chance i'll uh pass those along okay uh-huh nice talking to you bye

"Worse still, it deceives the people: Instead of emphasizing the truth of the business--the long, long odds--it emphasizes the unrealistic chance of winning big."

"There's a chance I'll be running against somebody who will be able to jump in a government airplane and travel the country making promises, he said."

"And perhaps she should have given HBES a chance to explain that it has long embraced an ethos of open expression--until recently, all papers submitted to the annual HBES conference were accepted without peer review."

"So there's no chance you'll think that the film is genuinely misogynist, the writer-director, Neil LaBute, makes the object of their scheme not a trashy bitch but a shy, good, hauntingly lovely woman (Christine, played by Stacy Edwards) who also happens to be deaf."

"The ticket gives you a 10-percent chance of winning $5 million, an 89-percent chance of winning $1 million, and a 1-percent chance of winning nothing at all."

The third item means you get $1 million if that 11-percent chance doesn't come through.

"On many roads, driving at or below the limit puts you well below the speed of most traffic, thereby greatly increasing the chances of an accident."

Handicappers put the left's chances at even money or better.

"They reintroduced the ""open tryout"" to baseball, an audition where any schlub has a chance to make the squad."

"As a result, investors who are able to get in on an IPO have a very good chance of reaping some easy gains."

"So next year, let's switch from the Gay Pride Parade to the Gay Pride Street Fair--good exercise, a cultural celebration, and a chance to buy inexpensive socks."

"Team Spirit Gittus Decker Cook and Ware Salt and Doupe and Billiard and Shenker Chance Ball Kwong and Crummy and Hook, Hooten, Ong Turnipseed and Horton Balls and Barthel and Ali and Katz McCabe Butt Rude and Pippi and Young and Sharpe Lumb Poore Peachy and Mule and Young and Creame Camiel Eger Rossetti and Shoulders and Huch, Huch, Hell Proudfoot and Rabbitts"

Unmaking the underclass would answer white fears while giving lower-class blacks a chance they are now largely denied: that of assimilating into the mainstream of an integrated society.

"Since these may be the final few days before real new facts about Flytrap emerge, let's take a last chance to revel in the Baroque."

"Yesterday, peace was given a chance."""

"The Washington Post goes with President Clinton's expression of confidence regarding his impeachment trial chances, pointing out that such informal statements are probably all the Senate is going to get from him."

"The South China Morning Post said that the offer ""gives Turkey another chance to deal with its largest and most fractious minority in a reasonable way."

When Gore got his next chance to speak-in response to a different question-he turned back to the cost issue.

"McLaughlin Group , as Eleanor Clift, Clarence Page, and John McLaughlin forecast a 60-percent chance that the United States will stand down from armed conflict."

What Are My Chances of Winning?

It says the point of this odyssey isn't revenge but regret--for irredeemably blown chances and a tragic waste of love.

"Then all you have to do is look at those people who face a 1 percent chance of losing their $100,000 homes in a fire and see how much they are willing to pay for fire insurance."

"Starr, I want to give you a chance to clear your name on the serious accusation made against you by the judge presiding over your grand jury."

"They see today as their chance to punish the enemy, to humiliate Starr for his prosecutorial aggression and sexual obsession."

"The top non-local story at the Los Angeles Times states that the election chances of acting Russian President Vladimir Putin are excellent in part because of a bill Boris Yeltsin signed on his last day in office that requires candidates to garner the signatures of 1 million registered voters, an accomplishment the paper says will be much easier for Putin--now in control of considerable resources as the head of state--than for any potential rival."

"He means these arguments to be mutually reinforcing: Government social programs don't work; they can't work on account of human nature; and if by chance they do work, they're morally unjustified anyhow."

But he found himself under a more demanding boss than he was used to and got fired before he got a chance to exercise any stock options.

"There are 2,300 chapters, so chances are good she's near one."

"Another quirk, as gamblers and con artists know all too well, is that the brain is not good at weighing small chances of big gains (or losses) against large chances of small losses (or gains)."

"The more I thought about it, writes Levin, ""the more I realized that Clinton had about as much chance of leaving her alone as a cocaine addict has of passing up a line."""

"One buys them for other reasons: for powerful photographs, now often in color, of underwear models; for a chance encounter with an embarrassing detail about Ron Perelman; and perhaps most of all, for that lovable Marmaduke cartoon."

"George Stephanopoulos ( This Week ) forecasts a ""better than even"" chance that the United States will give peace a chance."

Lowey wouldn't stand a chance.

"Overall, the success level for correct matches was no better than chance."

"A multi-year, rigorous study to be released today finds that women enrolled in one of the nation's best-funded programs for disadvantaged teenaged mothers still failed to improve their chances of becoming self-sufficient."

"Not a chance in hell former President George Bush will allow blacks, Jews, Mexicans, Canadians, or homosexuals within five miles of his Kennebunkport summer manse ... But here it seems less a chance to make a buck than something akin to grade inflation. Either way, you'd have a 10-percent chance of being the executioner, so simple theories of rationality suggest that you should be indifferent when asked to choose between the two options. Here's my first criterion: If you prefer A to B, then you should prefer a chance of winning A to an (equally large) chance of winning B. And here's the test to see whether you've met that criterion: Your answers to Questions 2 and 3 should be the same. By the way, USAT says a survey it took among 49 top economists rates the chances of a U.S. recession next year as one in four. No White House story these days is complete without a quote from Dick Morris, who rarely misses a chance to bite the hand that no longer feeds him. The papers concur that the plan has zilch chance of actually becoming law--President Clinton has already promised not to sign it--and that it merely represents an opening gambit in the upcoming back-and-forth over what to do with the surplus. That dignity has been much squandered by Clinton, but this is a chance for Starr to protect what remains. I know that most interns don't get a chance to know Betty Currie and don't have the many contacts that Monica Lewinsky had with the president."

"I'm all for giving patients a fair chance to contest improper refusals of payment, but we should not lapse into calling such refusals malpractice."

"3) The Washington Post reported that for $5,000, the National Republican Senatorial Committee is offering donors a chance to give Trent Lott and other senators ""advice"" at a forum next month."

"On This Week , conservative pundit Bill Kristol protested that by ""saying that this trial should be dismissed or saying that the House managers don't get a chance to present their case"" through witnesses, Senate Republicans would ""discredit"" the House's impeachment vote and make it appear ""illegitimate."""

Here's your chance to guess their solutions.

"Give me a chance to roll up my sleeves and go to work on this. There's an 11-percent chance I'll give you a choice of gifts. Man, they should have killed off Livia when they had the chance, and that way they wouldn't have to saddle us with her dreary daughter. 6. Give peace a chance. That there was a chance for meaningful cooperation with the Soviet dictatorship? Which is why George has a chance against Gore or Bradley-and why his father lost to Clinton. Is there any chance at all that Russian tycoons are not figuring out how to take advantage of this?"

"This nonrevelation gives the publication a chance to rehash other accounts that claim that Walken and Robert Wagner (Wood's husband) got in a fight over her, following which she stomped off in anger, never again to be seen alive."

Rips sought a delay in publication and the chance to respond to the critique in the same issue.

"! The chances of that are good indeed if you're a character in a movie, so don't play postmodern games."

…This is your chance to experience her famed pig Latin rendition of 'We're in the Money.

That gives you a 50-50 chance of finding a relatively safe match.

"Sportswriters reply that these teams have had plenty of similar chances, have blown them, and may be booted from their jobs now that the Panthers and Jaguars have proven that it doesn't take years to build a winner."

"Money may not buy happiness, but if you're already happy there's a decent chance it will make you more happy!"

"Since vertical integration replaces the market with the firm--that is, the company makes the product instead of allowing others to bid for the chance to make it--it must be a mistake, for we know the market's decisions are always right."

"The chances of meeting a sophisticated Upper West Side woman in New York who would fall for a line like that are about as remote as encountering a singing possum in your basement, but Kidman's character continues to flirt with this loser during the longest and most excruciating dance scene in movie history."

"This year is her last chance at Al: ""It's either do it now, or don't do it at all."""

"Well, by my calculation (checked with folks whose grounding in mathematics is sturdier and more recent), you're increasing your chance of a fatal crash by about one in 855,000."

"There's a chance Americans will be sending troops out to Central Asia in coming years to defend American oil interests, so we should all be reading up on this stuff."

Arafat's Chance

"At first glance, this gene would seem to have no chance of proliferating via natural selection, since it attracts the predator's attention and thus endangers the organism in which it resides."

The NASA discovery suggests that life is probably a pretty ordinary phenomenon that occurs anyplace you give it half a chance.

"The first two items, taken together, amount to an 11-percent chance of a 10/11 chance of winning $5 million."

"I like to ask audiences every chance I get, ""If you were the boss of English, what would you change?"""

"The organizers were now trying to persuade him to come without the orchestra, the newspaper added, ""but the chances of that seem rather remote."""

"Do you think there's any chance that the media's temporary diet will encourage more reporters to look at this other kind of scandal, instead of dreaming about being the next Bob Woodward?"

"On the other hand, if the movie's popular and you don't have enough product on hand to take advantage of those few weeks when your toys are hot, you won't get the chance again."

"Downside: Chance that O'Connor could stop by Cinco de Mayo party on way over, get tanked on margaritas, make crude pass at Charlie Rose."

"Andre Schwartz-Bart's The Last of the Just (for example) is a far more moving evocation of the Holocaust than any account in any reference work, because it focuses on the experiences of one man--a man who, if he continues to deny his Jewishness, has a reasonable chance of escaping the death camps."

"word order (position an element later in a sentence--in English, at any rate--and its chances of taking the main stress are usually increased);"

These patients have about an 11 percent chance of a stroke or death in five years.

"For instance, as the mobility of capital reduces the power of unions, the chance for including labor rights in the world trade treaty known as GATT--the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs--grows remote."

"Mathis notes that ""Every chance he gets, it seems, Reed praises and promotes"" Ashcroft."

"But what would be lost by taking that chance?"""

"So it is a famous West Coast entrepreneur, rather than obscure Middle American hicks, to whom Simpson grants the chance to display a zealous ambition born of delusory innocence."

"This fall, Goldhagen's supporters and detractors will have another chance to duke it out when he comes up for tenure in the Harvard government department."

"So here's your chance to duplicate Jackson's experiment, try Microsoft's version of the experiment, and decide for yourself who's got the better of the argument."

Could even be a book (you might know I'm a fan of art journalism and don't pass up a chance to promote the idea).

This was seen as giving Kohl a better chance of victory.

"(To see that these questions are exactly the same as the Snip-Snap-Snurr questions, keep in mind that an 11-percent chance of a 10/11 shot at $5 million is the same thing as a 10-percent chance at $5 million.)"

"His success (more or less) led to more rock 'n' roll editing assignments--a traveling sub-Woodstock ""festival"" called Medicine Ball Caravan ; Elvis on Tour --and then to Boxcar Bertha , which allowed him to join the Directors Guild and gave him the chance to make Mean Streets . That movie helped launch the careers of Harvey Keitel and Robert De Niro, and taught generations of would-be tough guys the meaning of the word ""mook."""

At last our cause will finally have it's chance!

"She may have thought, however, that she was giving him another chance and that he was promising, in exchange, to do better."

"with thousands of small entrepreneurs who repeatedly overestimated their chances of success, but who collectively managed to settle and develop the West while many of them individually were failing."""

8 chance of walking into a McDonald's that serves the McSalad Shaker.

"I am afraid that, if what many citizens of the European Community either hope or fear comes true, and English becomes the second language in every country of the Community, there is a good chance that many of these hybrids ( shopper for supermarket trolley, processimulator for simulator, and compacdiscontainer ) will eventually find their way into the English as she is spoke."

Analysts agree that 1) Helms' opposition guaranteed that Weld had almost no chance of getting the job to begin with; 2) Weld's caustic remarks about Helms in the last couple of weeks have further doomed his chances; and 3) Weld's resignation won't help him.

"will give the author a chance to peddle his wares,"" notes Jennifer Harper in the Washington Times . Ad hominems are the order of the day."

"Morris says vote.com ""will give us all a chance to be heard so our voice gets loud enough to drown out the special interests that run Congress."""

"It's an eerie blend of careful planning and pure chance, impromptu schemes and long-running designs."

"Time deems the book ""definitive"" but too harsh: ""Morris struggles for fairness but portrays Luce as a calculating, self-indulgent user whose fixed eye on the main chance rendered her oblivious to the concerns of others."""

"For one thing, recognize that he came to the United States past puberty--when a young man's voice changes, so do his chances for assuming a ""native"" accent."

"In the past, demand for stocks was limited by fear of risk . Investors could look to the bond market and see the chance for a decent return with total safety."

"There is chance in his paintings, but it occurs within a well-defined structure."

The NYT front page states that Newt Gingrich has ruled out any chance the House will pass the major campaign-reform bill banning all soft money that has been advancing in the Senate.

Whitney's campaign to find him an appointment at Harvard continued but with diminished chances of success.

"Chances are, if you're using a computer, you're running at least some Microsoft software."

"There is a chance that, by their lights, they assumed that had you been home you would have ""lent"" them the wine."

"The first is that Steve Case and Bob Pittman really think their stock is overvalued, and that this is their chance to acquire some assets with real value before the Internet bubble bursts."

Analysts agree that 1) Helms' opposition guaranteed that Weld had almost no chance of getting the job to begin with; 2) Weld's caustic remarks about Helms in the last couple of weeks have further doomed his chances; and 3) Weld's resignation won't help him.

"This may give a better chance of success to the much-mocked millennium celebrations in Paris and London, the former involving the Eiffel Tower laying an egg and huge plastic fishes poking their heads out of the Seine, and the latter--as caustically emphasized in all of today's British newspapers--involving no known purpose at all apart from the building of a giant dome at Greenwich at a cost of more than $1 billion."

There is a chance that he is better than I think.

"He can hardly bring himself to turn away, and sneaks back for another fix whenever he gets the chance."

"If you open on Saturday, though, then your per-screen average will look better, your two-day performance has a good chance of being impressive, and you can't get dragged down by the inevitably weak Friday."

Move over and let a new kid have a chance.

"So, to give the theory a fair chance, we have to look for more significant differences between men's and women's clothing."

"When the statisticians crunched their data, they reached an astonishing conclusion: The hidden messages exist, and their presence ""is not due to chance."""

Not a chance.

"This narrow focus has protected the gambling industry, since Americans are willing to accept a vice that is clearly separated from the rest of society--as casinos are--or that offers a luscious chance at the good life--as megabucks lotteries do."

"With one afflicted parent, there is a 50 percent chance of inheritance; and when neither parent is an allergy sufferer, there's still a 20 percent chance."

"If the average American uses from three to five thousand different words each day, the chances are everybody in this country will use three or more Texican words."

"In addition, as I've pointed out here before, the auto industry is facing severe problems with excess capacity, so reducing the number of players in the global marketplace may decrease the chance of dramatic overbuilding."

"He's the multimillionaire founder of a biotech company, and the mother-daughter pair in pursuit of him are hippie drifters, who whimper for their chance at legitimacy and reliable love where Adele and Ann howled and scratched."

"Morris says vote.com is ""fully interactive"" and ""gives us a chance to speak out and to be heard."

"If so, it will have a chance to proceed with economic reforms that could secure India a still higher growth rate."""

The editorial argues that Clinton has forfeited the second chance America gave him in 1992.

"Whatever his past gaps in judgment, Gingrich is too smart to think he has a realistic chance of being elected president."

"Bruce Gottlieb's ""A Snowball's Chance"" ignores the obvious countereffects of polling."

"Although he's incredulous, Steven can't afford to pass up a chance to get his ""edge"" back, especially with a wife (Andie MacDowell) and kids and a house in Pacific Palisades to maintain."

"Gates ""must know that the chances of a drastic remedy--such as the breakup of the company he founded are no longer negligible,"" the paper said."

"Last night, while wasting time in the usual online fashion, I came across a chance to vote for the novel of the century, from a list of ten chosen by other people wasting time in the usual online fashion, and it certainly didn't include A Sport and a Pastime , which it should have."

"The C.W. is that McCain hurts Bradley's chances, because independents can go this way or that and Bradley needs them all, but I think the reverse is true: Bradley is a drain on the potential pool of voters for McCain, who needs every single one to orchestrate an upset."

"It's why we have been corresponding, and why I've enjoyed the chance, even on so noisy a street corner, to chat with you."

"Here's my first criterion: If you prefer A to B, then you should prefer a chance of winning A to an (equally large) chance of winning B. And here's the test to see whether you've met that criterion: Your answers to Questions 2 and 3 should be the same."

"But that doesn't mean it can't do well in the store, where buyers don't get a chance to boil water."

"DreamWorks had a chance to do something different, instead they played it safe (Anthony Lane, The New Yorker ). (Clips are available here.)"

"If the phenomenon were due to chance, the authors reasoned, they would be as likely to find an ELS naming Rabbi X near one identifying the birthday of Rabbi Y as they would be to find Rabbi X near his own birthday."

"Man on the Moon does not indicate, for example, that Kaufman came up with the idea for the Saturday Night Live call-in vote, nor that he had numerous chances to nix the whole thing."

"Gingrich resigns, and the practical chances of Clinton's removal evaporate."

"Do you, by any chance, suggest having it engraved under the répondez, s'il vous plaît ?"

"This is not cinema vérité , and nothing has been left to chance."

"I didn't have a chance to have a date with him."""

"So unlike, say, the Club, a Lojack will never prevent any particular car from being stolen; it will only increase the chance of its being recovered."

"But the German candidate who'd been slated to run decided in the face of a looming Republican sweep that he'd like to be postmaster, so Yates, who is Jewish, got his chance."

The predicted demise of John Kennedy's George and the launch of Tina Brown's Talk raise the question: What are a new magazine's chances for survival?

The New York Times and USA Today headlines focus on the increased presidential pressure while the Los Angeles Times headline highlights the increasing chances for a settlement.

"By then, time had run out on the interview, leaving Roberts no chance to ask the logical follow-up: ""Do you favor a handgun ban that would allow an exception for members of the Olympic pentathlon team, like they apparently have in England?"""

Snip's choice B is a 10-percent chance of winning $5 million plus a 1-percent chance of winning nothing plus an 89-percent chance of winning $1 million.

"I'm a proponent of Bill's position, he replied, citing ""Bill's health care plan, which I got a chance to read last night."""

"Observers gave Kennedy's bill little chance of passing, but Seagram found itself flummoxed anyway."

"A geeky economics professor with a Midwestern accent challenging an entrenched Texas Democrat, Armey was given no chance of winning."

The sad spin: He won't get a chance to try for a third Super Bowl.

"This speaks well for the chances of Al Gore** and Bill Bradley, and poorly for those of the smirky George W. Bush."

"If the pilot wants to take that chance alone, fine, but once he allows passengers, he has to be responsible enough to make the right decision for not only himself but for those two girls as well."

"History is offering Sharon a one-time-only chance to record to his credit the political step so needed by his country, it said."

"Optimally, the drug will cut the length of a flu bout by 40 percent, and significantly reduce the chances of escalation into a severe case."

Chance of removal from office: Zero .

"They involve Dada nose-thumbing, Expressionist brio, an American appreciation of pure funk, a flâneur 's eye for chance and juxtaposition in the streets, a sensualist's feeling for the most outré kinds of texture, and a scopophiliac's unquenchable thirst for images, all kinds, right now, from industrial logos to comic strips to postage stamps to Velázquez's Rokeby Venus . (He also, incidentally, has quite an ear, capable of doing more with a one-word title-- Rebus , Currency , Interview , Barge , Express --than most writers.)"

"Olympia Snowe's announcement that she will vote to acquit President Clinton on both impeachment articles means there's a very good chance the perjury charge won't even get a simple majority, and some chance that the obstruction charge won't either."

Chance for the gold elusive as the cure for trials of heart.

"I realize that yesterday in my haste to wrap up our correspondence in a timely fashion, I never got a chance to explain why Hillary's Senate race makes me so uncomfortable."

You put a pile of money out there and there's every chance it will end up in some Chinese dam.

8 percent chance of survival.

But it has a chance to do a great job of being what it is.

"Gore's and Bush's war chests seem to be giving them a boost in Iowa, and both candidates hope strong showings in the caucuses will boost their chances in New Hampshire the following week, the Post reports."

"An event with a one-in-a-million chance of happening to any American on any given day will, in fact, occur 260 times each day in this country, notes mathematician John Allen Paulos ( NYT ), who argues that the EgyptAir crash was almost certainly a random event."

"The Herald Sun said the referendum has also widened divisions within Howard's government and generated ""serious fears for its chances at the next election."""

But the guidebook might be extinct before you have a chance to bring your gifts to the tourist masses.

"Here's what worries me: Given the subtlety of the real issues here, what is the chance that this stuff will be decided on its merits?"

"And as their study showed, when incompetent people are given a chance to wise up a bit, they do acquire some retrospective understanding of their limitations."

"We had not eaten since morning, and the chances of our doing so in the next twelve hours looked slim indeed."

Two additional letters from Iraq convinced Clinton to stow the missiles and give the inspections another chance.

Analysts think Hagel has little chance of winning.

"The Times said the West ""has to thank the brave Canadian judge"" for ending any chance that NATO would grant Milosevic immunity from arrest and prosecution--one of his principal peace conditions."

"This means that there is a 95 percent chance (there's the degree of confidence) that between 30 and 40 percent of the population supports McCain (that's McCain's 35 percent plus or minus the margin of error), and a 95 percent chance that between 27 and 37 percent supports Bush."

"The story notes two overriding factors behind the trend: 1) Corporations are slashing their suppliers down to a handful of giants, which would, under the present rules, automatically exclude virtually all minority-controlled companies; and 2) the clout of minority consumers has grown and therefore companies want to be able to undertake 1) without losing the chance to establish a minority-friendly track record."

"True, there's a one-in-10 chance that the love gene will sink along with Loving Bob."

They will face the Dallas Cowboys with a chance to achieve the first Cardinals playoff win since 1947.

"Confidential to Martin: You might have had a better chance of getting your money had the Globe not run a ""World Exclusive"" interview in which you're quoted disclosing ""titillating details"" about your ex's sexual fantasies and happy-hour proclivities."

"As for her sister, mm could express her understanding of how difficult it must be to raise these children, give her sister a chance to vent, mention classes or books that might be helpful, but never, never make it personal."

"The comedian Al Franken, here on assignment for George, gives him a chance to lose his balance."

I willingly admit that Dr. Chance is perfectly correct in saying that he had explained the etymology of Cambridge both at an earlier time and more completely than myself.

"(John McCain is a hard case, being conventionally brave and forthright but also kind of a cutup; his crack about propping up a dead Alan Greenspan à la Weekend at Bernie's was very fin de siècle .) However, to give an appropriate nod to the underdogs, the TR model also speaks well for the chances of Gary Bauer, Orrin Hatch, and Alan Keyes (none of whom has an ironic or decadent bone in his body, as far as Chatterbox can see)."

"Analysts called it a win for 1) Bush, who gains support from women voters; 2) Dole, who increases her chances of nabbing the vice presidential nomination; and 3) John McCain, who can again cast ""Bush as the charmed insider and [himself] as the scrappy outsider."""

"In previous fights, wherein he was winning or had a good chance to win, his ""illness"" did not manifest itself."

"There always seems to be plenty of it, along with the chance to study the faces of his characters, even when there's not a great deal going on in them."

"The deal brings Russia the chance to flex its slackened superpower muscles, but at the cost of providing shelter to Belarus' destitute population, bankrupt government, and bone-dry economy."

"In discussing a time when black men and women with an intellectual vocation were deprived of the chance to make a living through the pen, there is a case for looking in American black life for the places to which those thwarted thinkers diverted their energies."

"Cinderella victors shook up the NCAA men's basketball tournament . In the West, 10 th -seeded Gonzaga, which has already taken out seventh-seeded Minnesota and second-seeded Stanford, has a good chance of becoming the third double-digit seed ever to reach the quarterfinals."

"Chances are that when Nike put Burroughs in one of its ads, none of the company's executives had even heard of him."

"For Tacoma, glass is a last chance at world stature."

"The meaning of the votes is best summed up by the WP , which states that the Senate has told the House managers they have the chance to make their case and that in all likelihood doing so will not matter."

"In reference to the letter from """" who was worried about children catching the bouquet: I was married last summer and gave all the children under 12 a chance to catch a small stuffed animal before I threw the bouquet to the older girls."

"Given the inequity of Nixon's downfall, historians may yet determine that he would have been justified in allowing events to take their course and subjecting the country to a prolonged process of impeachment, which would have given him the chance to defend himself by due process of law. Rafferty passes over obvious chances to criticize the indies in technical terms--no review of Boogie Nights prepared me for what a patchy, tedious film it was--and instead finds something morally defective in them. Anything goes-- Playboy is prancing around as the official worldwide brand of the millenium,"" and Mars Inc. is drooling over the chance to be the millenium's official candy-maker."

oh well if there's i guess there's still chance but you do like to listen to music you do enjoy it and

give them a chance you know with a positive have them sit down with their boss and their boss's boss and uh you know just talk with them about

i i don't think it's anything wrong for a doctor to refuse to i don't care about the Hippocratic oath i don't think they should have to treat a patient with AIDS if they don't want to you know why take a chance like that doctor in New York that got infected from a patient and you know she ended up i think

that was if you if you get a chance you can you can rent it

The central approach this study takes is to identify areas of the genome that siblings affected by stroke share more often than one would expect by chance.

second chance yeah yeah

"Whether due to chance fixation, selection or epistasis, non-syntenic associations of the sort illustrated in Figure 7are a major source of both false-positive and false-negativeresults in using RI sets for mapping."

i think inherently our the the chance that we're gonna be involved in it in anything is fairly low i think none of them are foolish enough to wanna attack the United States

well there is so many chances for appeal that it keep

the idea of life imprisonment with no chance of parole well that means you're going to put them in a cage you think it's never ever going to be safe for them to walk the streets again well then

see i've only only lived here in Texas for two years so i haven't had a chance to go down there

and cut the budget and we're gonna have you know we're we're gonna we're gonna have to do some unpopular things i mean he wouldn't have a chance of getting elected

"In the very off chance that you come across archaeological finds such as ancient anchors, wine-jars, even sculpture, they must be reported to local municipal authorities."

do you get a chance to do it at home or do you mostly like catch up while you're at work do you have a chance to look through the Wall Street Journal i'm not sure what you do

"One expert, whose job is so politically sensitive that he spoke on condition that he wouldn't be named or quoted, said the expected influx of East European refugees over the next few years will greatly increase the chances of computer-maintenance workers, for example, doubling as foreign spies."

uh-huh well the best thing about it is that you can uh try something if you don't like it shoot move on to something else that's the way i've uh looked at the whole thing here i'll take a chance if i don't like it i'll go someplace else do something different

Ioannidis suggests how studies could be designed from the outset to increase their chances of producing true results.

i spent about ten years in Abilene for TI i i worked out there in Abilene in west Texas and i never did get a chance to get over to Lake Texoma i i wished i had uh

uh generally are about six six to ten miles but uh they'll go they have the chance to go to Philmont in July and then they'll do the fifty mile or whatever hiking then

and the chances for things getting out of control and another fascist type of regime rising are quite good

yes we do they peak on Friday so if you have a chance to be here Friday or somewhere somewhere around there that that's the best time to see them and they don't last too long you know

i've not gotten a chance to work with it although um my uh my data structures teacher was telling us something about why how fudgy fuzzy logic works as far as the concept behind it

taken them all for a year i believe in giving anything a chance

oh no no they're not fired they there are they have one chance to then go in a program if you come back positive you have one chance to go in and go into they have a lot of uh rehabilitation both for alcohol and for drug use uh

"Diving centers also offer an introductory session known as the “Discover Scuba Program,” which includes a morning or afternoon of theory and swimming-pool work to give you the chance to practice the basic techniques."

then at least they have a chance to over the years be proven not guilty

is it then the chance that the employer will look at you in more of a negative fashion and say well you know

and they they don't offer any commentary and it gives me a quick chance to to be caught up during the day

out in the garage but it's it's been kind of raining and stuff around here lately so there ain't been much of a chance to go riding a bicycle

well i it's been a while since i've been out to watch i do watch a little on TV you know when i have the chance but uh

uh all kinds of different things i haven't had a chance to go out fishing much here but i use to do a lot of fishing out in California

whereas you might take a chance in a store and bring it home and consider it you

"As the years went by my prayer was answered and I got the chance to work in the cafeteria as a cashier and the principal there came up to me and said, ""Have you considered being a teacher assistant?"""

"In The Bride of Lammermoor (Chapter V), we are informed that the heroine “placed certain restrictions on their intercourse,” a limitation that might have been more usefully set in that same author's Rob Roy (Chapter VII) where we are told of the chance that the narrator and Miss Vernon might be “thrown into very close and frequent intercourse.”"

well during see i'm going to school right now and uh while i'm working i don't get a i don't get a chance to read the paper a lot

"Mankind can't endure the thought that the world was born by chance, by mistake, just because four brainless atoms bumped into one another on a slippery highway."

"(Note that there is a 95 percent chance that demand will be less than seventeen units next week—thus, if our buyer decides to stock seventeen units at the beginning of the week, the store should be able to offer a 95 percent order fulfillment rate on this SKU.)"

(: Clinton's chances of survival.)

and it makes the care very personalized of course but since it is a small community everybody knows everybody and so there there would be no absolutely zero chance of any abuse

But what do you think the chances are of that happening very often?

"contribute to the motions fibers undergo in the early stages of pattern formation, and thus enhance the chances that fibers make contact with each other, and"

These awards provide chances to recognize unusual achievements and sometimes offer honoraria as incentives.

"Obviously, as each variable is in more and more of the C clauses, with randomly assigned truth requirements, Vi versus not-Vi, the chance that the set of clauses can be jointly satisfied gets harder."

"Following the publication of this article, Robert Reich asked for a chance to respond."

kind of a outward showing of that they don't think they have a chance of doing anything and take it out on the school

But any chances for postwar cooperation between right and left were wrecked in a matter of months.

"Do you have a chance to re-tell this story, um, in your work or to your own children?"

"What is more, every infected person has the chance of infecting many others."

The contemporary equivalent of Bond Stores now has a much better chance of avoiding stock-outs of popular items and the inventory gluts that lead to costly markdowns.

"He urged Congress to ""allow people with disabilities to keep health insurance when they go to work"" and to ""give people between the ages of 55 and 65 who lose their health insurance the chance to buy into Medicare."""

well i mean you know you know before you have a chance to say well geez we have a couple of months where we been low and put some off uh in the bank

"Similarly, the Wall Street Journal ""Washington Wire"" says the Starr report means the chances of a managed care overhaul coming out of Congress this year are zero."

it was so many of them in it that at any particular chance your chance of having to do something was very slim it was very slim and so

* His chances of winning the general election--and maybe the nomination**--would be greatly diminished.

take a lot of chances well i noticed that um

"Example: Penn asks, ""Do you think the role of government is to redistribute existing wealth or to foster conditions that enable everyone to have a chance to make a higher income?"""

on appeal then another appeal then another appeal ends up costing the taxpayers more than just putting the guy away for the rest of his life with no chance of parole

"On the off chance that your letter is on the level, it could be that the purpose of your life is to serve as a warning to others."

and uh so about any important phone call that i have i'm going to get it at work and if the phone call comes to the house chances are it's either for my wife or one of the girls

"But the dome has at least a chance to follow in the path of its illustrious English ancestors, the Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851 and the Festival of Britain of 1951."

so i've worked for both big and small so i've had a chance to kind of take a look at uh the pros and cons of both

"It has never been clearer that the best prospect for a peace worthy of the name is to give war a chance."""

well if you ever get a chance to go to Alaska boy uh the the

"Back to that NYT California cigarette ban story: The Times headline writers missed a big chance: ""Smoke Bar Bars Bar Smoke."""

i like The Price is Right too but i never get a chance to watch it

"The Post passed on chances to invest in AOL in 1993, 1994, and 1995, Leonsis told me with relish."

you know i assume that the kids are not going to ever get up there and it's in a case and it's you know it's put up and it's away and all that but i don't want to take the chance and i think if somebody ever does break in it's going to take me a year to find the shells and then get it don't come in the

", gave them many chances to reproduce their genes)."

i had a chance to go to uh Alaska for six weeks last summer and did some salmon fishing up there and that was really uh

"The Bullets called a timeout, knowing they'd have no chance if Jordan caught fire."

well i haven't had too much of a chance to watch TV lately so probably everything i'm going to say is kind of dated

"If your family moves during your school years (ages 6-15), your chance of graduating high school falls by 16 percent, the chance that you'll be ""economically inactive"" (out of school and out of work) at age 24 rises by 10 percent--and, if you are female, your chance of getting through your teens without an out-of-wedlock birth falls by 6 percent."

"Power/type 2 error appears to be a major factor—if the genetic effect is sufficiently large ( HLA in Type 1 diabetes mellitus or CFH in age-related macular degeneration)—or, if the sample size is large, then there appears to be a greater chance of “hard” replication."

"At the very least, you'll give one child the chance to see God's face, and feel His love."

"The difference is that the computer decides when you win, not pure chance."

he was checking to see if i was going to stay in because i've been so busy with this presidential search i haven't had a chance to really do any calling myself

"That in the process she had learned what makes the locals tick--as well as a language known to few, if any, CIA officials--was of no account: Her chances of being hired would have been much better if she had remained celibate in Salt Lake City."

"Given the number of bacterial GshB sequences in the query set, the finding of one bacterial sequence with an insignificant p -value can be regarded as a chance occurrence."

"Give a youth a chance to receive help with homework, healthy snacks, and value-based programs that are fun."

This involves a morning or afternoon of theory and swimming-pool work that will give you the chance to try out the basic techniques.

The NYT observes that the ruling dims the chances for the as-yet-unheard White House claim that Secret Service agents are also cloaked in a special privilege.

"If you enjoy reading the stories in the enclosed brochure, there is an excellent chance that you will enjoy membership in the Indiana Historical Society."

that their chances of getting it from me would be higher than my chances of using it effectively on them

"Unconventionally gifted kids, who didn't get top grades in high school or who don't have perfect SAT scores, stand a better chance than they do elsewhere of getting in--and of being presented with the highest level of intellectual challenge."

"Like the subboundary statistics, these overlap statistics can be evaluated as significantly closer (high Os, low Og, Oh, or Ogh) or significantly farther than expected by chance (low Os, high Og, Oh, or Ogh)."

"A few of them have realized the chances of increasing the flow of tourist traffic, setting up stalls by the roadside or getting younger members of the family to bring visitors to have a look at the work going on."

and if they've you know caused as much pain and suffering as they have for for no reason and they're going to do it again if they get the chance

"To his credit, Stross does grasp what's right at Microsoft: the hard-boiled meritocracy that makes rich those who contribute to it; Bill Gates' prediction that consumers, not just large businesses, would jump at the chance to own computers; and his--and his company's--driving desire to outsmart and outfox the competition."

"Within a day’s walk are a lake and streams with good fishing, especially for trout, and you’ll have a fair chance of spotting some of the park’s wildlife, too — bobcats, coyotes, golden eagles, black bear, spotted skunk, and cougar."

Such clues could be especially convincing if it can be shown that the enriched classes are unlikely to represent a chance occurrence.

and if you yeah if you want to so at least you you know you wouldn't have any surprises you can order any type of you know service you want but you stand a good chance you know having to pick up at least part of the bill yourself

"The New York Times plays this story top-front, but leads instead with Madeleine Albright's meetings in Beijing with top Chinese officials, in which she expressed the U.S.'s displeasure with their recent crackdown on opposition groups, but was nonetheless encouraging about China's chances of joining the World Trade Organization."

A temple ceremony may give you a chance to join the audience for a while.

"The signal could be an expression of chance, i.e., of random variation."

yeah well the the chances are these are all all things they're very familiar with and just the chance to have some entertainment and some some variety in their life

"Nor is it simply a chance for any city official to indulge a personal taste for martial law, surrounding himself with a hunky praetorian guard, manly men whose manliness glistens in the light of their boots, burnished to a fine sheen by the sweaty exertions of muscular comrades in arms who--I'm sorry."

"Freshwater angling — for bass, carp, or trout — is good anywhere in the lakes and streams, best of all up in Hokkaido, where you stand a decent chance of hooking a salmon."

"“There are still essential discoveries to make along the way,” he says, “and there's a good chance it would end in total failure.”"

yeah i have some basic concerns about it as well uh not just the invasion of privacy but the the chance of uh false positive being being reported

"We don't have a chance in a conventional war, Pereira said at one of four border training camps visited by the paper's reporters."

"Wherever you go, you will have the chance to admire or criticize, to confirm stereotypes or to note exceptions."

and uh so between reading to them and uh reading the newspaper and then i have a book that i'm occasionally reading when i get a chance but i just don't get a chance for those

"While claiming to ""pass up the chance,"" you take it."

The Bahamian islands (where the temperance crusade never had much chance) were perfectly placed to help thirsty Americans.

"In contrast to our previous method of calculating the chance distribution from the Blocks database [ 24 ] , using the profiles corrects for the specific composition of amino acids in the segments."

well i mean i would think that uh if someone knows that there's there's an even greater chance that they're they're going to get caught um having drugs that

"Well, now is the chance for the president to put his ideas to work for himself."

"Wandering the backstreets in the old lake district north of Beihai Park, these pedicab caravans make stops at the ancient Drum Tower for panoramic views, at Prince Gong’s Palace (Gongwangfu) for tea and sometimes opera in a lavish grand Ming Dynasty estate, and at a typical courtyard home in a hutong neighborhood for a chance to meet and talk with Beijing residents."

"In determining whether or not a reference toxicant test result falls ""well"" outside the expected range, the result also may be compared with upper and lower bounds for ± 3S, as any result outside these control limits would be expected to occur by chance only 1 out of 100 tests (Environment Canada, 1990)."

that one person has total control and i always figured at least in a day care center there are other people around and if you get one bad apple there's are at least other people that can see it they can watch and i just kind of always felt that the chances of something happening were less

Chance and Consequences

"Beneath the surface, however, the drabness of daily life and lack of personal freedom continued to undermine any chance of popular support."

"In the case of endpoints that are point estimates (LC50s and IC25s), at the 0.05 probability level, one in 20 tests would be expected to fall outside of the control limits by chance alone."

"What's more, the chance to take an active choice in the matter as a parent may itself be a step toward the more successful, better monitored arrangements that poor working parents--and more middle-class parents, too--say they need and want."

"One of Italy’s most important art museums, it offers the chance to see just how little Venice has changed over the centuries."

"Since then, and especially over the past few years in response to later findings, graduate students have been scrambling for a chance to work in her laboratory."

did you get a chance to watch any of the games

"The ticket gives you a 10-percent chance of winning $5 million, an 89-percent chance of winning $1 million, and a 1-percent chance of winning nothing at all."

"By way of local color, you shouldn’t turn down a chance to see Sichuan Opera."

SAM terms the percentage of genes identified by chance the false discovery rate (FDR) and estimates this quantity by recourse to permutation.

two of which involved uh back packing and and hiking they're a pretty active troop and i've enjoyed it it's gotten me a chance to get back out and do a little bit more again

"Yes, I meant to say that: If a prestigious journal publishes a theory, it's probably wrong . Given two equally plausible theories from equally credible sources that have passed equally strict scrutiny, the one that makes it into a top journal has a smaller chance of being right."

"Ask about chances to see dancers and musicians practicing, as well as regular performances given for visitors."

"The survival curve was atypical in that its y-axis presented a patient's chance of not developing a disease instead of the more standard ""chance of survival""."

but but the the the chances

"there is a crescent moon (or a set of cattle horns, symbolic of a self-deluding cow who thinks she could beat a bear in a fair fight, but I don't like her chances)."

"Watch out for the sting-ray, shark, and turtle pools, where regular feeding times are posted; you’ll even get a chance to pet some of the exhibits."

"Such effects have been observed in the analysis of courtship song as a consequence of the sampling rate; fluctuating values from one point to the next suggest periodicity in the range of the Nyquist frequency; for the song records in question and analysis of the pulse-rate fluctuations, 20-s periods, against a background of 10-s sampling intervals [ 21 ] . It is possible to assess quantitatively how likely a given peak in an autocorrelation can be the result of chance alone."

what what happens if you were to fail then do they give you like one chance one more chance or two more chances

John McCain thinks being vilified in that ad campaign may have helped his White House chances.

"Even if you’re not an avid bird-watcher, you’ll enjoy the gentle walks in the woodland, with the chance of seeing exciting herds of nilghai antelope, blackbuck, and cheetal (spotted deer)."

uh-huh what i really uh i uh had a chance they had the PGA tournament up in Indianapolis last year i was able to go and see one of the rounds of that and that was really fun

"And even in his public role, there's an excellent chance his newspaper under his direction will endorse Gore's candidacy."

"In 2004 the Olympic Games, first held in Greece during ancient times, will return to the capital giving Athens the chance to stand in the limelight again."

The results from the binary logistic and probit regressions for CHD events during the 20-year period are presented in Table 5. Women had between 43%-75% lower chances of CHD events.

that's pretty good um and i like listening to that on on uh when i get a chance when i'm in the car a long enough time to to listen to it because i

It's your chance to tell us what you think about Slate and how you might like to see it improve.

"A countryside visit to Barra de Potosí, located 21 km (14 miles) south of Zihuatanejo offers a chance to see a small fishing village, coconut and mango plantations, and a lagoon known for the numerous tropical birds that inhabit it."

The best available advice is to minimize the chance of dropouts at the design stage and during trial monitoring.

yeah our yeah our company's a little tougher on the second chance i mean if if they're going to give you the opportunity to turn yourself in then they ought to

[B]uy stocks in companies that have a good chance of going up.

"Highlights of this trip may include a visit to the small town’s museum, the local market where bartering is still practiced, the town’s church dating back to the 17th century, and a chance to have lunch on a small island in the lagoon, amid hundreds of tropical birds."

"These subboundaries have lengths near what would be expected by chance (Lmean P↑ = 0.800,)."

well what do you think about the A's and Canseco and those guys have they got any chance or

"If you've installed Internet Explorer 4.0, click here for more about (and a chance to download) the channel."

You may have a chance to see some used in a fiesta parade.

"More positive scores are less likely to occur by chance, and thus indicate a greater probability that the two protein segments are homologous."

is not bomb quality and we're so strict with all our controls in the United States the chances of of an accident are slight and it doesn't pollute the air at all it's safer to be around a nuclear plant then it is to be around a coal plant

"It seems that given the chance, we are legions ready to mass against one another."

Buy soon or you may miss the chance.

"Though if the user uses a high threshold value while using GeneCore, s/he will increase the chances to retrieve orthologous genes."

yeah i assure you it it can it can and and the chances you know because we've been through a lot of the the court battles and all this other stuff over the years because they're behind bars now but

"According to Faludi's acknowledgements, Backlash began as a story for the San Jose Mercury News's Sunday magazine debunking an unpublished academic study by David Bloom, a Harvard economist, and Patricia Craig, a Yale graduate student, purporting to show that never-married college-educated women faced, at age 30, only a 20 percent chance of getting hitched in their lifetimes."

A gene with a 100% chance of being divergent is assigned a value of -0.

yeah at least start saving and and start routing them to where at least they'll have a chance to get ahead

i don't know and these poor children are going to be fatherless forever and this guy ought chances are he he'll be out he'll be walking the streets and it's just doesn't

so in in a case like that uh given what crime they're guilty of uh yeah i could i could justify a death penalty for somebody who just has no chance of ever reforming or coming to grips with uh living in normal society

and then we'll we'll sell chances on it and then that pays for all of the mailing and everything that's concerned with it yeah it does it works out really good

i had a chance to terminate and uh L O A and back to L O A

and i don't know who was here or whether Jay just called a friend and we didn't think we'd have much chance of getting in but we thought we'd try it you know free movie

so i didn't i didn't get a chance to cook much and now that i'm home my mom's home so she cooks so

but uh yeah i may get a chance to try out some things i've never tried out before

and you know if you've got that sitting in your stomach i mean even when you sleep it's still sitting there digesting so you you kind of giving your stomach a chance to relax a bit and not have to work so hard to digest all that meat

yeah that's a good question i believe from what i remember of the literature they gave uh if you fail i believe they give you one more chance they probably give you a chance to explain yourself

it's more of an average so that that there's less chance of having a a bad one yeah

what they consider scientific methods to choose the right jurors to get the right results you know for their chance what do you think about that

i looked into going to Marquette also and had a chance to get a scholarship there but it would have only covered uh about a quarter of the cost of the first uh year which uh wasn't enough of a motivation to uh to go there to commit to to four years

and they know how to act i don't i don't think i'd chance it with my younger ones because they're just too much of a distraction and some restaurants are really trying to go for that atmosphere kind of thing and

so i guess people Jeep through that area and we didn't have a chance to do that but i sure would like to go back there and do that again

it's true that there's always that chance i guess

yeah i kind of miss that and we hadn't really had a chance lately to go

and uh so between reading to them and uh reading the newspaper and then i have a book that i'm occasionally reading when i get a chance but i just don't get a chance for those

yeah i do i just haven't had a chance to get back

and i think at this point i am for that as long as you know they've had all the chances they need to have on appeals and

and i was oh i was ever so impressed with the campus in fact it was a two day trip and between appointments i got a chance to walk around and see it

on whether at what point do they become so detrimental to society that society can't afford to keep them around to keep giving them chances

slight chance you think

and there's no way to measure that i mean you you know you the only way is to take the chance and see what happens forty years from now and who knows what kind of havoc you've created

you don't you don't even know who those other mothers are chances are they're like little cousins you know or brothers and sisters and yet they never see one another again

yeah i had all these huge i we always were up in the nose bleed seats so we never got a chance to get too close but

uh take that as a challenge which is the way most teams naturally you know naturally do uh and and just go out and and not give anybody a chance to beat them so

oh my chances of getting another job are just really slim

uh when i have a chance i watch those on uh i guess Sixty Minutes is usually on Sundays and uh i just like to see you know who they are raking over the coals

that's true and there really are criminals that are hard-core and repeat and never never have any chance for

so any any anybody that says life in prison with no chance of parole i'd say uh give them the death penalty

i think there's an eighty percent chance this evening but it's supposed to be cleared out at least by noon tomorrow and then the rest'll be

we didn't get a chance but um we've got the swings and had a trampoline

or those who have committed a murder who are who will do it again because they've they've said you know when a person's murdered somebody out of cold blood the chances are they would do it again because they feel no remorse

uh yes i do and sometimes most of the time i tear them out a lot of times if uh you know if i got a chance to sit down at my typewriter i'll go ahead and type out recipes but

uh i feel that uh that that music should take chances in one way or another

right right did you see Sixty Minutes tonight by any chance

it was so many of them in it that at any particular chance your chance of having to do something was very slim it was very slim and so

oh yes i didn't get a chance to see that

uh jail sentence for them is just another chance to uh

yeah but but the other side to that is if you put him in prison for life there's a chance that he might

i do too and and you know but the way the courts are set up they've they've got so many chances for appeal but i think that i think it needs to be expedited you know if they've been convicted and given them appeal

and and i i mean by saying i like them i like their chances i i actually don't like the Dodgers i'm a Giants fan from from way back

you know i think he uh he could should he could have taken more chances this year

oh well we we've just got slight chances of rain

and once a week we get together and this is a chance when the kids can say whatever they want without us getting insulted about it

right if you don't go and vote then you know very good chance that they they will because a lot of the people like that

and uh so if if there's no one else around you know it's just me and i have a chance to listen to something i'll turn that on but uh just for the for the conversation factor i think

then uh and the importance of it because okay if you don't vote for your friend over here well your friend's not going to have a chance

just never got a chance to come out no

stove to cook breakfast at six o'clock the next morning with and that's about as close to camping as i really have much of a chance to get right now

but uh that's that's wild though i'll have to see if i can't get a a chance to go

um i have one but i haven't really had a chance to talk to her about that for a while

the past we've had homes that haven't had any side walks and um it's been a little more country with the trees and we do miss that um if we had a chance to move i think we'd move back to somewhere that it

i haven't been to any uh since i've been out of college um and it usually the concerts that have come up lately i have been out of town uh traveling so i just haven't had the chance to go to any

so well there's a good chance if they if they ask you about it you know i would i wouldn't just come out and say i think the guys guilty

with just about anyone you know i can go out and stand a chance of winning a dime off of Jack Nicholas

oh you know the chances of her being able to go her father's and i alma mater are pretty slim i'm afraid you know it uh

for students who who need a chance to be forced to fend for themselves

uh no i don't think the Cowboys have got a chance i think they will probably win one or two more games than they did this year and they'll get close to it they'll probably get everybody's hopes up and blow it toward the end

put in a rehabilitation program when there's really a very small chance of rehabilitation that that they're coddled for too long and they get the kind of courtesies of our society that that

i was just wondering were you in SAC by any chance

not a whole lot of chances otherwise

that if they're in prison that gives you the chance to um get into the person's mind

you know be wealthier uh he also has a new book out that i purchased right before i moved and haven't had a chance to uh crack it open yet um

yeah well i haven't get a chance i haven't got a chance to look at them yet

you know i just i i don't think i'd take that chance

yeah this this program you know encompasses everything but you know i thought you know it's not an instant dismissal if you are found to be taking drugs which i think you know is good and it's good on TI TI's part as i said i think they give you three chances

and you have less less chance of of hurting yourself

i think the chance for misspending is greater

the uh better chance you have at at curing it and that's just not true

well i think now when both are working they have a more chance more of a chance of working together because they're starting out that way

and then it's also a chance to get out with your buddies and drink beer and play radio all night

we just can't afford to have repeated uh even even in the remote chance of repetition

uh but just that they were able to do it you know and even today i think the chance for education is is so much uh better for all of our girls and and boys too but but the girls especially

so you don't get a chance to to spend much time with him then until when he comes home

well she she likes to go camping but we just haven't really had a chance to really go camping

and the doctor said you didn't do anything there's only a one in five hundred chance that the radiologist will call you that was Tuesday night and Wednesday night the radiologist called me at work and uh i was on crutches and he said i think you better call an orthopedist

and i've never had a chance to i have been in cars that have had them but i've never tromped on the brakes to see uh you know on ice or water just to see if they didn't lock up

you know and here it was like pretty much you could schedule some activity outside anytime and you really didn't have too much of a chance of it getting rained out

i you know in that case then i'm all for putting them behind bars as long as there's no chance of parole but you know what it's like when they

i don't know i just think the chances of that happening are pretty slim of course it's it's not reversible uh obviously but uh i just think the way the system is set up uh

well what what do you think the chances of of drugs ever diminishing uh because a lot of it i feel that they catch the people that handling drugs but they're not catching the people that bring in drugs into the country

yeah yeah i i think he's got a very good chance so there's a lot of people here pulling for him

oh that's excellent excellent you know that they're getting a chance

maybe you'll get a chance to go again

i'm afraid to take the chance when i go down there

yet there's a greater chance that he'll be back out on the streets in twelve years

kind of most of them are reruns and you know stuff like that that's why i kind of stick to the movies if they're good uh that one sounds good though that was on last night i didn't get a chance to i didn't get home till ten so yeah

completely slaughter a family and there's always got to be one person saying that they should have a chance to live and that the person who did the murdering should have a chance to live and i just don't think that's right i think it just makes me

yeah that's yeah quorums are to easy to get and there's always that that chance that one or two people could be playing devil's advocate for a good reason you know so it's it's yeah definitely

oh uh-huh well i would imagine at a certain point too you were probably able to care for each other in in like pseudo parent roles so that you had a chance to

drive everybody all around But that was cool because it gave us a chance to to get to know the other kids and really see how they were like instead of just what they were like at home

yeah have a chance more chance to relax

you uh have to learn you aren't given the chance to you know screw off all the time

yeah well the the chances are these are all all things they're very familiar with and just the chance to have some entertainment and some some variety in their life

well i think now when both are working they have a more chance more of a chance of working together because they're starting out that way

you know like Steve uh Steve Meister and and it's like wherever i go anymore i've uh i get got a chance not only to to visit a few companies and all that around here and uh

do you find it uh do do you find you have much chance to read for for just pleasure or mostly for business

um i myself am no fool i didn't want to hurt myself why would anybody want to take a chance it is a dangerous thing i took a uh National Rifle Association course on

if i had a chance

but i haven't i haven't had a chance to read a lot lately either i have read uh mostly novels i went to visit my daughter in Florida and i took a novel with me oh

well you see that stuff what eventually take over everything and literally kill off large old trees if it gets the chance

and we got uh uh and Good Friday came along i think uh in about nineteen seventy we got a chance to vote on it and we had to vote on on that versus the Friday after Thanksgiving because we didn't get that day then

jury jury trials are going to use whatever they can use to try uh to improve their chances and and you know it's get it's

i really like the idea of young people getting a chance to

and it it it just isn't chance taking enough for me

there is a chance for rehabilitation

you know they really don't have much of a chance at all and

and then maybe give you another chance to go through it

at least you got a chance to outrun them that way

um take care of it has a chance to to grow really fast

well it um i mean you can't give anyone too many chances and i think he has gone over the limit

oh jeez it is supposed to be eighteen degrees tonight i was thinking about you all the way home from our class just got home from our computer class hey i mean what are the chances of this happening

uh the biggest gripe in TI is the benefits package but as i go looking at other companies as i've i've had a chance to do uh it's really not all that bad

does it i've heard a lot of discussions about this and i guess the scariest part of it is the chance of a false positive

and the stuff that happened to them you know five years ago comes up and it spoils their chances for just making it a little better you know when they might be actually trying to improve their lives you know

uh i haven't had a chance to

and then i i really enjoy sewing but i don't get much of a chance to just really sit down and do much sewing how about you

always count on the fact you know or or there's a good chance you're gonna get off and so

so now you have the chance to really create and and spread out

uh oh it's kind of like My Left Foot if you had a chance to see that it's very much like that you know it focuses on an individual who has

golly gee this is a set up for absolutely the worst chance

i know and it was serious mine too i wasn't this was it my last chance

you can't but at least you've got a chance whereas if they say for six weeks you don't have a job because you tested positive

did you see Sixty Minutes by any chance on um

i agree i think it also gives a woman a chance to if she does have a job a nd a career it gives the man and the wife both a chance to both be working and maybe save up some money and then it gives her a little more option if she wants to stay home with the children while they're young

then that chance should should be investigated

you think you prefer the jury you think your chances are better

yeah my mom um she's a housewife and well there's twelve kids in my family so my mom never could really work you know because she was kind of pregnant from day one she never really had a chance to work

no it wasn't on the way across Louisiana we pulled off we saw a billboard and just pulled off taking a chance on a place

if you if you both of you have a firearm you've at least got that fifty percent chance

got a chance to to go outside and

no i uh i'll take my chances with it course now where i where i'm at now i don't have to worry about the lawn because they got somebody that comes in and does it

i don't know don't know when i'm going to get a chance to do that but

right there should be some sort of program they can go into to try to clean themselves up and be given a second chance

oh well we we've just got slight chances of rain but uh we had the we had the hard thunderstorms the other morning course while everybody was getting ready to go to work

you know sense about you then even if you did the exact same crime chances are you wouldn't get you'd get life instead of the death penalty as a opposed to somebody who couldn't communicate well

uh you know i uh he didn't have a chance here in Dallas because my gosh Aikman was the number one choice number one draft choice uh and with a long term six year contract

i i mean i was ready to put the guy guy away forever but i was dealing with people who said well if it were my son i'd want him to have another chance

well um i just bought a home so i've just now went out and purchased my brand new lawn mower and um so i've been assembling it and haven't had a chance to get out there and and test it out

so it uh has worked out quite well and it's a chance to see some of the relatives you don't see all year long except that once a year

i know that's the that's the thing and we thought about that and we thought well we're just gonna kind of i guess take our chances and hopefully end up on the better end of the deal

warm movie it it really just turned out nicely so i would recommend that if you have a chance

and uh i he with no chance for parole

i agree i think it also gives a woman a chance to if she does have a job a nd a career it gives the man and the wife both a chance to both be working and maybe save up some money and then it gives her a little more option if she wants to stay home with the children while they're young

a uh uh a syndicated thing that's run by a group that operates here in Washington uh but if you have any public radio stations in your area chances are pretty good

and and we don't want you know it'd be be stabilized to the point where Iran will say now is our chance you know go in and wipe them out and

and so i never had a chance and even when i was in school of course i always had classes about that time so i never had a chance but General Hospital huh is one to get hooked on if you're going to get hooked

well i don't know you think you'd you think you'd uh go up in space you had a chance

the you know i kind of get the i get some kind of global benefit from the whole thing by saying well i'm lowering my chance of heart attack and thus that type stuff

the labs that are performing the test how adequate uh are those facilities and uh is is always it is it always a chance i know that what they call um the i think it's called the chain of custody

chances are what do you think uh how much of the vote do you think he's going to get and do you think he will take it more from the Republicans or the Democrats

in a way that happened this past season and i think there's quite a bit of optimism around here that still there's a chance that maybe uh

yeah have a chance more chance to relax

and i just here's my chance to giggle boy it's a good thing we didn't elect that Dukakis guy because i mean

consumer products or whatever you'd you'd have an equal chance of being tested

no i think the Cowboys have a good chance to really um

a second chance with it or something because most things will stay in your system for a long time

um think if uh Yeltsin has a chance and if they can follow his lead in the other republics or whatever they want to call themselves now

what what happens if you were to fail then do they give you like one chance one more chance or two more chances

yeah yeah that's about all i get a chance for between that and um uh Bible study as often as i can that's about the bulk of it

it gives you a chance to feel like you're a part of a group or the organization and that you're heard

as it is here i sort of resent the effort to you know collect everything until i have a chance to get down to the DPW yard and drop it off you know it's not a huge inconvenience but it's just one more thing to do

oh i guess so i've only had uh one other chance at this thing and

yeah oh definitely it gives you a chance

but there's always a chance that you forget and have to justify it later

uh-huh was this Spiegel by any chance

they're charging they're making a man look guilty before he's even given a chance to hear his side of the story but

Sacramento still has a chance i guess of getting a team someday

well actually i think it's good i i i hope that we uh uh get a chance to uh promote peace out there

yeah my last right right my last chance to win ten million dollars so i figured hey look for twelve dollars you know

"When it really got thick, when, um, it got to one point where him and sheriff fell out, and the sheriff, you know, he wasn't really, I guess, evidently, let them tell it, he was the cool guy."

Several physiological and biochemical changes distinguish plant genotypes during and after cold acclimation [ 5 6 7 8 9 10 ] . One such distinction among genotypes is tissue water content that decreases more rapidly in certain genotypes than others during the cool autumn season [ 11 12 13 ] . Martin [ 11 ] observed from field results that northern selections contained less tissue water in late autumn than did those selected farther south where winter freezing conditions are less severe.

"And, of course, you know, dating was a cool thing if you were smart about it."

"From the home of Cardinal Ippolito d’Este, guests can look down at the terraced gardens, the real reason for Tivoli’s fame and your visit: alleys of cypresses and soaring fountains (500 in all, including Bernini’s Bicchierone), grottoes, waterfalls, reflecting pools, and everywhere the cool sound of rushing water."

cool cool that that's

"Also, Che chic: A story notes that Che Guevara is cool again, 30 years after his death."

"In Chicano communities, in-group chatter, and published literature one frequently comes across the expression bato loco, meaning a “crazy guy,” a “cool dude,” or a “wise guy.”"

"This is how, this is how we interacting, so I'm thinking everything is cool, you know, funny dude at the job, you know, get along with him real easy-going compared to the assistant, uh, manager that was there, you know what I'm saying."

"This may account for a cool reserve, almost aloofness, that some read even into the architecture of the tall houses in the straight and narrow streets behind the port."

Monte has been a fashionable hilltop town ever since wealthy merchants and exiled European aristocrats in the 19th century built their splendid quintas up here in the cool air above Funchal.

"I was baffled for quite a long time by a conversation on a bus, in which someone announced that because the cool autumn weather had arrived they were going to buy a kite ."

"There are paired but separate chambers for the sultan and the valide sultan, each having a changing room, a cool room, and a hot room."

"Dearborn casts a cool eye on Mailer's attention-getting tactics (he suggested that soldiers in Vietnam should only kill people they were willing to eat), his drunken outbursts, his wife-stabbing episode, and delivers what critics agree is an evenhanded, engrossing, ""crisply written"" (Sven Birkerts, Esquire ) book that will prove difficult for Mailer's official biographer to follow."

"The cool season is from October to March, the ideal time for seeing most of India ( except in the northern hills and mountains, where it’s bitterly cold)."

"Each sketch is also a cool study of leaders and weak, grasping followers in love."

"Raised on the cool medium of television, undergrads are skeptical about passionate ideas, doubtful of genius, and intellectually timid."

"Winchester invents some luscious women: young, chocolate-skinned, giggling naked girls with sleek wet bodies and rosebud nipples and long hair and coltish legs with scarlet and purple petals folded behind their ears, who play in the white Indian Ocean surf and who run, quite without shame, along the cool wet sands on their way back home (40)."

"He said to me last year, ""Maybe I'll see you in national politics; maybe I won't I have a cool life."""

yeah well see um i'm i'm a cool person they call they and they i think that's relates to the same thing as the winter

"For an authentic feel of old Portugal, slip into the cool entrance hall of theimpressive Leal Senado (“Loyal Senate” building), a fine example of colonial architecture."

but they like that with the the cool ranch dressing that goes along with that so yeah

"But there's also a cool complacency, an indifferent shrug."

"Due to the compression of the working gas and the fact that it is not in contact with the cool T1 reservoir, the working gas heats up, so the pressure increases appreciably while the volume decreases slightly, as the gas is compressed until the initial state of hot compressed gas, step 1, is achieved."

"Uh, and if they see adults doing some other things they we, accuse them for, uh, they figure that this is cool."

"Here amid the cool afternoon breezes or gentle mountain mists of the Cameron Highlands, the English palate for tea (on a plantation scale ) and strawberries still thrive."

oh yeah so that that was that's nice there because you do have some cool weather and some mountains

"I'm not sure if the correspondents realize that the Hindu concept of Brahman has been around considerably longer than Sullivan's cross-pollination of something like the following: a powerful (yet devout) bearded man, a cool breeze on a clear summer night, a John Lennon tune, and the Lion King."

"And, as the media report every few days, Sinatra is cool again."

"Evenings are immeasurably calmer, when the local folk venture out to reclaim the cafés and restaurants until the cool wee hours, and restore some of the charm and seduction for which Capri has been a magnet since the times of the ancient Roman emperors."

"In the first sequence, Cheung re-creates her character's nocturnal prowl in her own hotel, the camera coiling around her like a boa and hovering breathlessly over her shoulder as she snatches a necklace from another guest's room, then regards it on the rooftop in a cool neon-lit drizzle."

"It contrasts with the cool dignity of Piero della Francesca in his Federigo da Montefeltro and wife Battista (1465), portrayed against their Urbino landscape."

"Clearly, however, the cool stuff is what's inside, and a few journals always have the cool stuff."

"I would like to quote myself on two points readers seem to have overlooked: 1) ""I work for Microsoft"" and 2) ""Java is cool."""

"It's got a cool title, contemporary package design and clear-reading, single-column type."""

"On the days I go to my office, I wear a flannel shirt with no necktie if the weather is cool."

"But to immature minds, the message may be simply that brutality is cool and funny."

"You pull on the handle, pulling the cylinder out of contact with the cool T2 reservoir to a position between T2 and T1, touching neither."

"When Dunph tells them he likes the girl he's seeing so much he doesn't think about banging her, they say she ""sounds like a cool mule."""

"Run in the reverse direction, the Carnot engine uses mechanical work to pump heat from the cool reservoir, T2, to the hot reservoir, T1, making T2 cooler."

"But, um, also another story that I used to tell people, but wasn't true, was that when I was little my dog, my little dog ran me over and stepped on my nose and gave me a scar on the side of my nose because I couldn't think of any way to do it, any cool way of making my scar, of how it got there, and so I just made up stories."

"The country villages of Frascati, Grottaferrata, Marino, and Rocca di Papa make delightful stops, not least of all for a cool glass of their white wine, especially during the autumn grape-harvest festivals."

yeah it won't take but a like uh maybe generation or so before it uh it it no longer the cool thing to do i don't know

"The very president of the United States has put the case in these terms--Joe Camel, declares Bill Clinton, tells minors that ""smoking is cool."""

"But thanks to contact with the low-temperature reservoir, the heat generated by compression in the working gas diVuses into the cool T2 reservoir, holding the working gas only slightly warmer than T2."

in fact i'm a little worried about this one coming up here we have a long weekend and it sounds like it's gonna be a little bit on the cool side

Reeds grow at the edge of this cool blue spring and tiny fish swim in it.

"And Basinger, a cool customer, has never looked more comfortable with another actor, not even Alec Baldwin."

A typical Chongqing method of escaping the heat is to take refuge in a cool cave.

"Like television, the book is a cool medium; Bennett's anger is convincing because he holds it in check."

"Clearly, however, the cool stuff is what's inside, and a few journals always have the cool stuff."

"we strayed into a cool alcove, lingering where the pharmacopeia detained us--ephedra, belladonna, one small gray-barked tree without a label,"

"Raised on the cool medium of television, undergrads are skeptical about passionate ideas, doubtful of genius, and intellectually timid."

So Frank Sinatra is cool again.

We not only get to explore a cool new technology; we get to collaborate with the composer.

"Equality is a curious relationship, and its model is arithmetic relations."

"Zizek on The Matrix), just outside of EuroDisney, where many curious and colorful characters are staying."

"Work in this laboratory has shown lags in neuromuscular development associated with excessive zinc exposure during neural tube formation and, possibly, accompanying narrowing of the vertebral arches [ 26 ] . Another curious finding of this study is that widening of the vertebral arch occurs with either the GABAa agonist muscimol or the antagonist bicuculline."

they've got to be curious

"It’s a lovely 3 km- (2 mile-) stroll down from the Porta Nuova, and is a point of pilgrimage for those curious to see the wooden crucifix that spoke to a troubled 27-year-old Francis in 1209, telling him to go and repair the world."

"The curious twist in this last addition to the Constitution is that although it was finally ratified by three-fourths of the states in 1993, it was originally proposed by James Madison two hundred years earlier."

It is a curious claim.

In this case it seems curious indeed that the operon contains trpEb_2.

i'd be curious to know what you thought as to as to how like say CNN TV news compared to the three networks

The Palácio de Estói is a most curious find.

"his book, with its curious title, Investigations, seeks new questions about the universe."

I am curious as well as confused.

"The occurrence of an ORF for the fusion protein in this cluster of bacteria is curious because C. perfringens, L. monocytogenes and L. innocuans are low-GC Gram-positive bacteria, while P. multocida is a gamma-proteobacterium."

oh okay in in Texas okay i was just being curious

Wild elephants and a curious variety of primitive monkey are among the protected species.

"This is apparently corroborated by the identification of several miRNA clusters whose processed products derive from opposing arms of their respective precursors (Figure 7) [ 10 29 ] . A second curious observation is that relatively few Drosophila miRNAs are members of paralogous gene sets, irrespective of whether they are physically linked or not."

i'm i'm curious what you use your uh home computer for

"Someone with a curious nature, an acute sense of style, a level of sophistication that matches our own, and a quick and agile wit."

"Those curious to get a feel for its atmosphere (rarely first-time visitors to Italy) should consider summertime stays at small seaside resorts (off-season visits will fail to capture its allure), meandering drives along its impressive coastline, and a couple of excursions into the little-visited hinterland."

This book has been specifically designed to guide the curious visitor to the myriad aspects of the “real Japan” — whatever that might be.

"The entrance to the church is actually through the curious and eclectic museum next door, Museu Regional de Lagos."

"Beside David and Goliath, Daniel in the lions’ den, and the building of Noah’s ark, one curious sculpture shows Saint Eugenia, tonsured and disguised as a monk, opening her robe to convince a skeptical friar that she’s a woman."

"The famous Farmers’ Market at Third and Fairfax is a curious mixture of old folks, tourists, and hip Hollywood types who crowd the excellent and inexpensive food stands and stalls that sell meat, cheese, chocolate, baked goods, and produce."

"Note, too, Johann Hummel’s curious study in perspective, a painting of the granite bowl which can still be seen in Berlin’s Lustgarten, in front of the Altes Museum."

"Tucked within the forest is the celebrated, fantastically ornate Hotel Palace do Buçaco (see page 175), formerly a royal summer retreat, and a curious stone monastery, the Mosteiro dos Carmelitas."

"The square at the end of 25 de Abril holds a curious statue, which some liken to an extraterrestrial, of the boy-king Sebastião."

"Train your eyes upwards as you walk through the old town to take in the details, e.g., a curious hanging sign, a lantern, or an unusual sculpture."

"For those who are curious but not nocturnal, the enterprising owner allows afternoon visits for a reduced cover charge."

"Today, weathered banana schooners chug past yachts and gargantuan passenger liners to dock in this curious tropical port, which is Guadeloupe’s principal city and gateway to the world."

"The entrance to the church is actually through the curious and eclectic museum next door, Museu Regional de Lagos."

"Slightly less possessive but equally curious visitors arrived, including the lovers George Sand and Frédéric Chopin, Archduke Louis Salvator of Austria, Anaïs Nin, and the poet Robert Graves."

It has curious and fine carved struts as well as door ornamentation.

"Nearby stands La Casa del Rey Moro (The Moorish King’s House), which is a curious combination of the water mine and gardens designed by the French landscaper Jean Claude Nicolas Forestier in the 1920s."

"Inside is displayed a rather curious collection of early German hunting portraits and landscapes, among which can be found some remarkable paintings, in particular a series of panels depicting the Passion Cycle by Lucas Cranach."

"Above town are the curious ruins of the castle, now undergoing extensive restoration."

The Palácio de Estói is a most curious find.

"It’s a safe bet that Óbidos has never looked so neat and clean in all its history, so it’s inevitably jammed with curious visitors at times."

"The fact that the area has been slow to catch on has resulted in a curious mix of ultra-modern infrastructure, and unspoiled natural areas."

Another curious enigma about Columbus that has baffled historians is that no reliable likeness of him has ever survived.

"The Thunderbird, Desert Inn, Sahara, Sands, and Riviera hotels were erected during this period, luring a curious clientele drawn by tales of all-night partying, exclusive entertainment, and cheap accommodations."

"Those curious enough to walk down the rural road to the seacoast will find pigs, goats, chickens, and children, but no likely looking landing place for a boat."

"The statues in the main shrine represent Man, the god of literature, and Mo, the god of war, a curious juxtaposition."

"German Qingdao suffered a curious fate during World War I. Japan, which joined the Allied forces, invaded the city, imprisoned the survivors of the German garrison, and occupied Qingdao for the duration of the war."

"Although Osaka is overshadowed by Tokyo in the big-city stakes, it is a vibrant and energetic world capital in its own right and certainly has plenty to offer the curious visitor."

"About 4 km (2.5 miles) north of Viñales, the Cueva del Viñales is a curious bar and disco carved out of a cave; amazingly, it’s open 24 hours."

"Sobornost is a word used by some Russian Orthodox theologians, and there is, or was, a philosophic position called agathism . (The curious are directed to OED2.)"

and um it's causing quite a stir up here because we're so close to DC anyway it's really kind of curious to watch this thing occur

"The polite answer is, of course, call him whatever he wants to be called, but we are all curious as to which appellations are technically correct."

well i i was just curious as how you got hooked up with this this speech type of thing if

"This doesn't mean that the bond market is any less efficient than the stock market, though it does seem a bit curious."

do you when you go to the Texans i have to ask you and if this is getting to we're not supposed to get too particular but i'm just curious

"Goistering was a curious term for loud feminine laughter; a bad worker was called latchety: his excuse might well be, Old Laurence has got hold of me today!"

oh that's what i was uh curious about i was wondering whether you had actually some of the flowers that you had planted were bulb type that you would dig up

Books of quotations are curious things.

it's when they it's when they're in on death row for nineteen years that i don't i'm kind of curious curious about what

"If the wife's concern is that a sexual relationship might be going on (that is, a present-tense concern) or is merely curious about the past, this is a question she must ask her husband--the person directly involved."

there were enlightening things that broke some of my stereotypical thoughts i'm digressing here but uh i was just real curious when you said Middle East if you didn't mind me asking

By a curious paradox Richard Nixon was one of the very few people who emerged from the Watergate affair with credit.

But it is curious that these actresses should be attacked instead of encouraged in their efforts to change.

They're also genuinely curious about the phenomenon of Bush's popularity and are trying to explain it--starting from the premise that it must be justified.

"The saxophones cry balefully, the drums rumble ominously, the marimba echoes warmly--yet the combined effect is more curious than moving."

"Both stories (and isn't it curious that both papers would independently front such a soft feature?) note that there is a rich Arab tradition of leaders going out in mufti, with the overall feeling being that this is a quaint feature of a veil- and robe-enmeshed culture."

"Later, if you're curious about what these components are and how Microsoft decided which components belong to Internet Explorer, read two key documents, both written by David Cole, the Microsoft vice president in charge of the Internet Client and Collaboration Division."

"(If you are genuinely curious about the answers, click .)"

"He was an older man, this baker, and he wore a curious apron, a heavy thing with loops that went under his arms and around his back and then crossed in front again where they were tied in a very thick knot."

Today's Papers is sorry that the Journal wasn't curious enough to find out the average age of those CEOs.

"One curious example by Junya Watanabe is a flat shoe draped and upholstered in rose and gold brocade, so that each foot becomes a rich little shoe-shaped cushion at the nethermost point of the body."

"In a curious bit of marketing, the offer of $10 off on Mother's Day flowers doesn't expire until July 31."

This raises the curious paradox about the Map Room speech.

But I'm most curious about what you think.

This curious aspect is further explained in these terms: “lest Speaker lose face by offending Hearer's sensibilities” [p.

"Follow up: Yesterday, in discussing the Supreme Court ruling that physically disabled children are entitled to the provision of publicly-funded continuous classroom care, this space wondered how it was that none of the papers covering the decision seemed at all curious about how the disabled boy in the case could have been paralyzed in a motorcycle accident as a four-year-old."

They found the same curious biology in the majority of beavers from three other locations as well.

But these individual successes can't disguise the very curious reality that we're living in a world that is somehow saturated by the media without actually paying all that much attention to it.

What a curious way of identifying a person.

"A few minutes later, Stephanie Trotter, a local NBC reporter, asked the candidates, ""Gentlemen, I'm curious."

"My point was merely that our double-standard with regard to Nazism and Communism is curious, and largely because of lingering (and I think mistaken) notions that somehow the Communists weren't quite so bad."

“See that curious little beast over there?”

Morris' career has developed the curious quality of a plea bargain in reverse.

"Unlike the novelist, who invents (supposedly) his characters, or the historian, who grapples with a populous cast, the biographer enters into a curious intimacy with the person being written about, a relationship charged with ambivalence, resentment, love, dependency, and all the myriad other emotions that crowd in whenever we allow ourselves to become intimate with another."

"And in a curious way, it has turned out to be just that."

"Take the very curious column by Roger Smith, Variety's financial columnist, in the most recent issue of that magazine."

Watching Johnson and Nixon visit their private demons on the nation made the public correctly curious about candidates' hidden selves.

"I'll be curious to know whether he sees The Phantom Menace a dozen times, or even the three for which he has paid."

Chatterbox was curious to see how bumfuzzled was used in the traditional literature of the American South.

"It is a curious but perhaps essential dimension of the Ralph Ellison literary myth that he published only one novel, Invisible Man , and that his entire authority as a writer and intellectual rests on this work, which whites felt brought black writing of age, beyond mere protest and sociology."

"But since, according to the Post , the variables considered included how many hours weekly the mother was employed and whether periods of unemployment were interspersed with her working, it's curious that the story didn't include any comparisons across those parameters."

"The team had previously been known by the memorable designation Beaneaters , which, in a curious way, might also be considered an Indian nickname."

"As Slate 's Michael Lewis has pointed out, Silicon Valley now offers the curious spectacle of capitalism with too much capital."

"(An archaeological aside: The entwining of Bible, printing press, and popular literacy reveals itself in a curious fact from the New World."

"In the courtyard outside I bumped into several parishioners, all politely curious about where I was from and what I thought of China."

"The novelist Tom Mallon, who has written a book on diaries and is working on a book about letters, e-mailed me: ""I like Dawn Powell, though she's now one of those writers in the curious position of being known more for her life than her work."

"Branding, in fact, has driven the curious evolution of Las Vegas from gamblers' paradise to neo-Orlando."

"But in reviewing the works of others, attention must be paid to such materials, and the Bibliography of Selected Sources and Dictionaries Consulted include only twenty-five titles under the former category (plus fifteen of Patrick O'Brian's Jack Aubrey novels) and only ten under the latter, some of which are curious choices indeed: Robert Hunter's Universal Dictionary of the English Language, New York: Collier, 1897, which I have never heard of; Eric Partridge's Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English contains a great many errors and ought to be avoided by serious researchers; the author evidently chose not to wade through Johnson's Dictionary, relying instead on McAdam and Milne's A Modern Selection."

The wolf whom Pollak is so eager to cook had a curious way of landing himself in the soup.

"In 15 or so calls to the Helpdesk, I encountered only one person who sounded annoyed rather than curious (and even, dare I say, gleeful) at the fact I was firing up Linux."

"striptiz uotur striptease water, a curious reference to maladroit, foolish individuals; kretenozavur cretinosaurus; boiler one whose head is full of bubbling hot water; sifon siphon, one whose head is like an empty tube; bushón fuse, from French bouchon cork; diaria diarrhea; loko from Spanish loco; galosh as in galoshes; kashón crate, from Italian cassone; lainer ocean liner, a pun on the Bulgarian word lainó scum."

"Suppose, for example, that some business heavyweight is pondering a business deal with Sky Dayton--or is just curious about him, having met him at a cocktail party."

"But the statue misses, and the ball sails over the Atlantic, past a curious Big Ben and the Arc de Triomphe."

"In fact, in a curious way, the market's reaction to Intel CEO Andy Grove's announcement is the best testimony to Grove's managerial genius one can imagine."

"I'm an educator, and I was curious about what was happening."

i i think we've we've covered the subject i've got some interesting information about crawfish i was in fact i was it's good cause i was curious about that today when i saw those for sale

"Situated near Inselbrücke on the south bank of the River Spree, the museum has a curious collection of Berliniana: the first sewing machines, bicycles, telephones, an 1881 telephone book with 41 names, a 19th-century worker’s kitchen, and a model of the infamous tenements that nurtured unrest prior to the 1848 revolution."

This is a rather curious twist in seeking to understand the president whose thinking and rhetoric were probably more influenced by the biblical idiom than the writings of any other president.

What's especially curious about this is that one would have thought this was a conclusion a supposedly ardent devotee of the free market would have reached a long time ago.

"In control animals there is dense innervation of inner hair cells, whereas Brn3c null mutants show a curious aggregation of fibers near focal spots around the habenula perforata."

let's forget about the space program or whatever because we're always curious and we always need to know more things but um

"On the corner of Elgin and Pembroke Road is the American Embassy, a curious round building, conceived by an American and Irish architect in 1964."

"In typical Beaux-Arts fashion, the façade manages to appear both grandly monumental and coolly rational, except for a curious row of little doorways high up the wall, which lack balconies or even railings and open into mid-air."

"Often this has a warning note, like Lady Fan Todd dressed to death and killed with fashion is one, so is the curious Children's tongues will cut your throat with a bar of soap or hang you with a yard of cotton."

"Apart from the curious substitution of 15 of 16 nucleotide-proximal residues in Asw, the most dissimilar region of Asw consists of a five amino-acid insertion between strands β1 and β2 and substitution of Gly-Ala-Pro (Asw) for Asp-Glu-Ser (Hint) at the amino-terminal end of helix α2."

uh-huh i was just wondering since you said Washington DC and you and you picked this topic i was just kind of curious

"Zuiho-in is a monastery whose curious gardens combine Zen Buddhist and Christian symbolism, together with both an attractive rock garden and a unusually geometric tea garden."

The curious thing about evolution is that everyone thinks he understands it?

Anyone curious about technical linguistics will take delight in Wescott's comments on The Phonology of Proper Names in English.

"The small, lovely cloister has curious, rather Arab-style arches."

The consistency of this pattern in the three unrelated situations is curious but as yet we do not know the factors that make the parasite variance scale with the square of the mean.

i'm i'm curious about the things that you did that that seemed to work best for you that you'd pass on to somebody else

There's a curious ellipsis in the WP when it quotes Republican Rep.

"Still, if thinness really becomes the ideal in every affluent culture--the way plumpness is in poor societies--it's curious."

"To find out about congressional hearings, the curious must locate the appropriate committee site."

"To Robert Koehler in Daily Variety, the animation ""is a curious hodgepodge of awkward human movement, tired nature effects and fine painterly backgrounds and detail work."""

The guild's gentler cohesion and lack of obvious international hierarchies have contributed to its marked success and curious anonymity.

"borisyeltsin.com is registered to the Friend to Friend Foundation (and man, am I curious about what that is). Virginia's early years were drenched in book chat, but otherwise not so different from other crowded, stifling Victorian youths: The children had a swarm of spinster aunts, curious animal-inspired nicknames like Ape"" and ""Marmot,"" and not a moment of privacy."

"It is this obsession, which far exceeds anything I have ever encountered in any scholar (and scholars and intellectuals have no little ego and no little ambition), this need to have his fingerprints everywhere, that I find curious but that I also think, ultimately for Gates, is destructive of the very end he probably wants to achieve."

"( Curriculum Vitae , the memoir she published a few years ago, politely fends off the curious.)"

"Going a step further, he found that nonsense trinomials generally continue with a word beginning with a palatal ( ch, g, j, k ). As early as 1835, Richard Lepsius, the German Egyptologist, had pointed out the curious fact that the Hebrew alphabet contained no fewer than three groups of letters which adhere to this rule: 1) aleph, beth, gimel, daleth; 2) he, waw."

"What a curious sensation to have a cabaret girl stop her professional smiling and knee-patting, forget about passing scotch and veggies while carrying on in rudimentary English (“What is your hobby?”"

"In this day of virtual uniformity, it's curious that whenever a woman wears any hat at all, somebody is bound to say, ""I love your hat!"""

The question grows more curious when you look back at Maslin's career and realize that she once had a strong voice.

"But they would prefer to be trekking across the wildflower-pocked tundra, wading through 35-degree glacial muck, spending hours -looking, or exploring tidal pools for sunflower stars and brittle stars, spiny sea urchins, mussel worms, anemones, and blennies, as curious and brightly colored as any on a tropical coral reef."

"By curious coincidence, this fairy-tale conjunction of appealing nymphets and gory murder is currently the subject of an unusual show at the Museum of American Folk Art in New York: an exhibition of eccentrically magnificent watercolors by the late painter and writer Henry Darger."

"The one shocker in the book is the revelation of Eisner's heart-and-soul belief that those who criticize Disney simply don't understand it and that ""the company's good is unquestionably, inextricably intertwined with the larger social good"" (Richard Schickel, the Los Angeles Times ). (For the biography of another ""awkward, toothy, curious, and good-spirited Everyman"" at Disney, read Goofy's official bio."

"Then she said, ""Our viewers are curious."""

"The occasion was Cornell's discovery of a curious box by Max Ernst, La femme cent têtes , that consists of collages made out of snipped and pasted cuttings from 19 th century engravings, fitted wickedly together to form a semipornographic narrative."

"One of the curious things about what Jake Weisberg aptly calls the ""Do Dim Bulbs Make Good Presidents?"""

"In the book that he did write on the case, which was entitled Uncovering Clinton , Isikoff claimed that Tripp ""invented"" this conversation with him, If she did, it is curious that Tripp knew the precise title of Isikoff's planned book; moreover, Tripp was obviously not lying about her own interest in writing a book."

"He was the youngest of three younger brothers, all of whom shared a father different from Kincaid's, and although he was sharp and curious as a boy, he threw away his talents and made a fatal decision to glide through life on charm alone."

"The same goes for specialty, which has yielded over the years to specialization . The curious point is that this trend seems to go against Zipf's Law, which notes that syllables get trimmed off words over the years."

"After I wrote it I went back and finished the William Gass piece and found a curious volte-face near the end: ""I have rarely paged through one of my dictionaries (a decent household will have a dozen) without my eye lighting, along the way, on words more beautiful than a found fall leaf ..."""

"It is not in the slightest way suggested that picking up citations from other works is in any way curious or reprehensible—anyone would be a fool to research any subject without relying on the scholarship that has gone before—but one would have expected the DARE to be found among books like Farmer and Henley's Dictionary of Slang and Its Analogues , Chapman's New Dictionary of Slang , Wentworth and Flexner's Dictionary of American Slang , and the others listed."

"I was born in the South of two Southern parents but raised mainly on Army posts, curious nonplaces that, even when located in the South, feel more like Ohio than like Alabama or Georgia or North Carolina."

"By the end of the book, I couldn't help liking and admiring Holbrooke--not despite his evident flaws but in a curious way because of them."

"3. ""Most curious headline of the week , from the Times : 'GM Presses Bid for Daewoo, Vowing to Preserve Its Identity .' I don't know."

she's an at home part-time paralegal so i'm thinking hm and we get along fantastically so i'm thinking you know and that's the way you have to um how was i'm just real curious how was the Middle East in terms of that with children

"A WP front page piece examines a prickly side-effect of the Starr report's release: the heightened risk of curious ten-year-olds asking parents what ""oral sex"" is."

curious yeah not something to be curious about and not something to be totally scared of if it if it's just one more piece of something but but they've got to understand like you said never touch it but yeah

"And while the NYT notes that it's not at all clear that Milosevic's pledges are genuine, it's beyond curious that nowhere does the story mention that he is believed by many to have authorized crimes against humanity in the Bosnian war and is not being hauled before an international tribunal to answer for them primarily because he is a head of state."

would be the the Freons i mean for air conditioning the one i guess that's the one i'm most curious about is how they're going to replace the Freons in air-conditioning

"These details are not likely to affect the usefulness of the book, however, and it contains curious items like the pronunciation of Roh Tae Woo , S. Korean leader: /no\?"

i know i i wanted to see i i was curious if you had seen it and that uh

"In the end, Mayakovsky is stuck in a kind of zoo, where curious people come to watch him do unhealthy things."

making the gun safe and i think there's a lot to that because kids are just naturally curious and then and you know when they're five and six years old accidents will happen that's why you know they need to be locked up the ammunition kept separate and all kinds of stuff

"(Lily gossips some with her sister, an annoyingly perky single creature, but goes on and on about her fears of dating with her daughters; Rick mostly keeps things to himself, but is interrogated by curious children.)"

that that that that's curious uh i'm i'm currently uh i have been asked to appear in court in Denver County Court uh uh for uh

Washington morality is a curious thing.

"What is curious about Africana is that they both--Gates and Appiah--are doing a book that I think, in its current manifestation, is beneath them."

"Not a single highly paid political spinner or slick lobster (as we privately refer to lobbyists) seemed even a little bit curious to learn about Bush's positions on abortion, Social Security, or welfare recipientarians."

"For example, I'm an NT, which makes me a Rational, therefore naturally curious, restless, and doubting."

"Occasionally, one hears, She taught him everything he knows or He taught her everything she knows, curious expressions when you come to think about them; indeed, they state an impossible condition."

"The tempering of the hereditary principle by democracy has produced a curious constitutional hybrid, it said in an editorial."

"This is a curious story: It is hard news reported almost as if it were a trend, and it is pegged partly to its own absence in the very newspaper in which it now appears."

"These are both quite correct, of course, but their juxtaposition could create a curious confusion."

"Over the years and especially recently, in connection with the publication of the vast Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America (Omnigraphics, 1991) [ XVIII , 2], contributors have commented on the curious and funny names one can find in almost any listing of place names."

"I was curious about what was going on, he said."

"Always curious about technological innovation, Degas may have been excited by the new colors made available by the chemical industry at century's end."

"Strange to say, however, that interest does not seem to be more than a few hundred years old: if the ancient Greeks and Romans, the Indians, the Chinese and other peoples were curious about their own prehistory, I have not heard of it."

"In a curious way, the unfinished state of the novel complements the inherent and intentional incompleteness of the underlying story."

"Will, who was supposed to be the Walter Lippmann of this conservative era, finds himself in a curious position."

"To be fair (not usually my strong suit), a different roommate says he remembers Bush being open-minded and curious as to what this new freshmen class was about."

I'll be curious about your Voice nostalgia.

"In Pokémon, you play a ""trainer"" of ""pocket monsters""--cute, curious creatures with magical powers."

"Notwithstanding, many people derive enjoyment from wallowing in peculiar, curious, and unfamiliar words, which often provide a source of amusement."

"In a curious way, gays, their friends, and their enemies have all collaborated in destroying the sexual innocence of cartoon characters by making an issue out of it."

There's a curious lapse in today's effort by the WP 's generally excellent media reporter Howard Kurtz.

"To impute such sacrifices to a desire for speed is not only a misinterpretation of the evidence but a curious thing to say, for those who are in a hurry are scarcely likely to stop everything, pick up this (or any other book) to check something, and then resume their headlong plunge into the solecistic abyss."

"Fresh from a demi-generation of people calling their offspring Moonflower and Droplet, they are jumping, or being pulled, on to the latest bandwagon as a result of that curious human trait which makes people want to be twee and different."

"The other elderly gentleman with a library of old books and the recreation of copying curious words out of them was William Chester Minor, M.D., an American living in England and one of the most faithful and useful of Dr. Murray's volunteer readers."

"There is a curious symmetry between David Plotz and those government officials who would like to see my husband, Jonathan Pollard, remain in prison forever."

"Other than the snippets of concert footage and a few curious glimpses, it's a mishmash of drug-addled camera confusion."

"It also seems odd to me that the reviewer should not be curious about the meaning of the strange name in the dedication “To my dear friend, Hommy-Beg.”"

"I doubt that I will send thank-you notes for wedding gifts this way, but I am curious to know what others think, especially Emily Post."

"It's a bit curious that the WP , a paper read in a city with its share of shootings, chooses to put the story on the very bottom of the front page, below a story about the scandal-driven rise in sex talk and one about the possibility of more flights being added at National Airport."

"' If Mr. Verrall had crossed over the Sussex border into Kent, he might still hear a curious variant."

What's curious is that no one is really doing anything about it.

This is a curious book.

I'm also curious about how Cook would compare Eleanor and Hillary Clinton--since she is constantly inviting 1990s comparisons.

"Michigan is also celebrated as the ""Water Wonderland,"" because it has ""four times as much water-covered area as any state,"" a curious boast, giving the impression that by the second paragraph, Dunbar is straining to find nice things to say."

"It was Slate 's position that the typical Slate reader is highly educated, civic-minded, intellectually curious, culturally sensitive--also brave, debonair, and sweet-smelling--and that these admirable qualities are intertwined, leading each of our readers to value a wide variety of Slate offerings."

"The more typical ESPRIT decor is, in fact, wall-to-wall paper--much of it in curious Euro-colours like mauve and puce."

"(Especially curious given that the LAT has given previous, less-definitive court decisions concerning this proposition huge splashes.)"

Mostly I am concerned that my nieces' reputations will suffer when they return home to the inevitable questions from curious friends.

But I found it curious that he ignored a relevant phenomenon that he described so clearly in The Moral Animal : the mother-offspring conflict over weaning.

"I was alive at a time when pot was part of the culture, I was curious, and you know what, it was pretty damn cool."

"There is a curious antiquarian feeling, in fact, to the whole leering enterprise, says The New Yorker 's Anthony Lane."

"It is curious, though, to find so few references in the Bibliography to articles that have appeared in, for instance, Maledicta , the main repository of scatological analysis, and to such articles as Allen Walker Read's “You Know What,” in American Speech (reprinted in VERBATIM II, 3) and Sidney Landau's “ sexual intercourse in American College Dictionaries” [I, 1]."

"For instance, those who are curious about collective nouns (like gaggle of geese, pride of lions ) are referred to Ruth Rendell's An Unkindness of Ravens and James Lipton's An Exaltation of Larks , but no mention is made of Ivan G. Speakes's Dictionary of Collective Nouns , Gale Research Company, 1975, which is not only the most comprehensive work on the subject but provides citations, as well."

"In simplified computer models of sandpiles (though not, apparently, in all real sandpiles), a curious pattern emerges."

"It is undeniably curious though, that when the paper turns to explaining how DNA can be used forensically, the discussion is completely generic and never mentions the most famous unchallenged DNA identification ever: that of President Clinton via the Monica dress stain."

"We were curious to know whether the expression changes observed in LNCaP would also occur in other androgen-responsive human prostate cancer cell lines (MDA PCa 2a, MDA PCa 2b, and LAPC-4), or in LNCaP and LAPC-4 subclones carried in androgen-depleted conditions for extended periods."

and i you know i'm really curious actually how they got their hands on this stuff but um it's really cool listening to the stuff because um you hear things that are different than the way the Who actually recorded the song or or he recorded the song solo

"Many dispute the modern scientific tests that have proven it to be a medieval fabrication, and crowds of faithful and merely curious still visit its black marble chapel, a masterpiece of Guarini’s High Baroque, with its cone-shaped, six-tiered dome formed by a web of intersecting arches that rise to a 12-pointed star."

"Note further that in the structure of the argument, the premise of equality plays a curious role."

"In other manifestations of this curious, cumbersome style are"

"Education of young and curious people, however, can make a difference."

uh i was just curious what uh part of the country

The curious and unusual Oratorio de la Santa Cueva (Church of Santa Cueva) has original underground chapels dating from 1783.

It is in that context that Mies’ curious combination of ordered simplicity and sybaritic luxury must be understood.

This choice by the LAT is curious.

"Although our studies focus on roles of Boi1's PH domain, we were also curious to know which other portions of Boi1 contribute to its proper patterns of localization."

uh-huh that's kind of curious to me i didn't realize until the uh Wayne Kennedy Smith trial uh

"How curious, then, that nine out of ten readers of this work happen to forget this part of Aristophanes' myth."

"In front of the keep is Portugal’s most curious pelourinho, which stands on top of a primitive granite boar (porca), carved in prehistoric times."

"Here, the line between the scientist and the grave robber blurs, as corpses are exhumed and cremation urns raided to provide organic remnants for any number of curious purposes."

and i was curious as to what you know what specific things you you did have to put down but he says social security you don't need to put that down there which i thought was surprising so maybe there's something along that same line where you know in all these

one thing that i that i am curious about is um reading information on air bags do some of the vans i think i don't know about the Dodge Caravan but some of the vans now now have um driver side air bags

yeah i was just curious you know because uh i know at at the regular gun show you know gun shop that you that you do have to wait for pistols like a couple of weeks and then they check you out then they call you up and you have go pick it up

i'm curious what uh what Texans think of their neighboring state and uh recent uh gubernatorial race there with uh David Duke

so i'm curious especially since TI a local you know employer is also already doing it seeing what what they'll say about it especially since

yeah kind of curious because um some people found about it on the computer network others yeah

uh it was it was it was interesting but uh i'm just curious what he has to say now that they've got them all lit

ideas and i it's curious i don't know why don't know if it's

but i mean the people that are i'd be curious to if the people that are wouldn't you think the people that are breaking in are probably

oh okay and uh uh we're not to have much mutual interest there but i'm curious uh uh what class are they class A

but really i'm i'm in a happy i i well i'm curious how other people live uh so maybe we should start with you what do you do

and she'll know she'll even tell her little friends don't ever you know touch my daddy's guns or something like that so she's real she's real good about it and she's never been curious

and i was just the reason i asked that i was curious i thought maybe in different parts of uh you know the country maybe there were certain shows that were more more popular than in other parts

yeah yeah that is very curious

and uh so i'm i'm really quite quite curious how that would work to have both i mean you know and i believe in the in a certain uh Soviet block countries you are are obliged to vote too in fact it was even pretty much spelled out who you did vote for up until fairly recently

system and he gave to all his students so my daughter's even talked to and i've talked to several people from North Carolina i was just curious

well i think it's curious that the sentences that are handed down are usually not served

that's curious i i i never even thought of that uh before um i i i did notice that uh most of the time the juries are males and uh but i'd never thought of any reasons why or why not

it's when they it's when they're in on death row for nineteen years that i don't i'm kind of curious curious about what

i'm curious what was your uh graduate study in

i was curious you know if they just want to talk about the words of uh related to clothing that polyester was coming back have you heard that uh i saw it on the TV that the models were

uh strategic assistance from other countries i'll i'll be curious to see what happens in this elections because it doesn't seem as though that's forth coming right now um

did they just have like over a weekend is that how they did it uh-huh well i'm real curious because my family i didn't sound i don't think my family is as big as your husband's i don't think we'd need a whole church but um

curious yeah not something to be curious about and not something to be totally scared of if it if it's just one more piece of something but but they've got to understand like you said never touch it but yeah

so uh that was a curious case i

and i was kind of curious and i guess i got my answer but it was uh a bit much and to this day it has continued considerably it's i guess it's going to be hard to get off of that little list now

i was just curious i was just wondering what it was like

The word serves well in describing the curious concept of a logical impossibility.

that's right that's right i i'm just curious to see what's gonna happen to the political scene uh if he gets on the ballot in all the states and whatnot do you do you think he cans be a spoiler for Bush

Undertaking a description of a language may be regarded as a curious occupation.

just curious because i have a son that's a senior this year and he's heading off with any kind of luck but there has been i've had a couple of ads for a for for to provide a card for a college student

I thought it more than a little curious that you did not mention those fine law enforcement officers in your article.

oh okay all right yeah i i i the reason i'm curious um i uh that's the other place i would like to visit uh most

"For the curious layperson, it will be a source of amazement and information, a good deal of it funny, including many of the anecdote-examples, but some of it revealing and far from funny."

well i'm i'm real curious to try this one that has such horrid commercials the uh that Del Lincoln and

"The second point is more mundane, but also more curious, and it has to do with a weird new trend in movie advertising in which one film tries to take advantage of the buzz surrounding another film, even though the two movies have absolutely nothing in common."

and what i'm i'm curious i i know why i love a stick shift why do you why did you want one

"The Boy Scouts have long elicited private sniggers about the sort of men they attract--going back, in fact, to their founder, that curious Englishman Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell."

"In 1924, the Florida legislature moved death indoors to the chair, away from the curious and the mayonnaise-smeared."

"(It is curious how few pundits connected Kosovo and Columbine, two stories displayed side by side on every front page for weeks--hmmm, where would these kids get these violent ideas?)"

"Perhaps the most curious thing about advertising today, in fact, is that agencies that spend all their time helping companies build strong brand names and distinct corporate identities have a very difficult time building brand names for themselves."

"And most curious of all, how exactly could this dastardly crime have been carried off?"

"The curious phenomenon that Dell's and Gates' enormous wealth points to is a resurgence in American business of what's often called ""proprietary capitalism""--a system in which the people who run corporations are also the people who own them."

"On another occasion, Spencer went on a talk show and discussed his sex fantasies--Roman orgies, if you're curious."

"I was also curious to see how Bell, in a newly written foreword of some 80 pages, would retrospectively appraise the validity of his theorizing and the accuracy of his predictions."

"It remains curious to ""Today's Papers"" however, that plays and books (and string quartets) can win journalism's most esteemed prize, but magazines cannot."

Those curious about the alluringly named Señorita Sanguinetti were also left unsatisfied.

"The crowd booed, and when Trotter was asked to repeat the question, she rephrased it: ""Our viewers are curious."

"There is a theory that the curious expression (from the Bible), It is harder for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven than for a camel to go through the eye of a needle results from a misreading of the original: the original, it is said, has a word meaning `rope,' not `camel,' which makes sense (to me)."

I would be curious what you think of this and perhaps about the broader issues of so much personal information sloshing around about Internet users.

"It's more than curious that at institutions supposedly dedicated to academics, spectator-friendly athletic competitions are the only activities considered to be worthy of regular praise and attention."

The curious collector of Southern folk usages of this type need only consult the Oxford English Dictionary for enlightenment about the origin and the longevity of language.

"I wasn't looking forward to the scenes with Joe's wife, Maggie, because the stick-in-the-mud spouse has become such a cliché--although I was curious to see what the vivid young actress Anne Heche could do with a role in which she didn't have to shed her clothes."

"In its curious, modern way, this novel is a sermon."

This is a curious work.

"It is curious to note that terms not appearing on the list included slow learner, neurological handicap, brain injury, and educational handicap."

"But what is even more curious is that they also capitalized the expressions for the three other castes, viz. kshatriya `martial class,' vaisya `farmers and merchants,' and sudra `menials."

I was curious to see how traditional Muslim customs interact with modern fashion in a city where East has been meeting West for so many millennia.

"More than that, millions of kids play the game, which presumably must make them curious about the people who play it better than anyone else."

"All of this surely will draw the curious hoards, a benefit that few museums can ignore given the unreliability of outside funding sources."

Helms benefits from a more curious phenomenon: the vagary of the news cycle.

"The Love Field imbroglio, in fact, has presented the curious spectacle of House Majority Leader Dick Armey arguing that increased competition will threaten the region's economic health, an odd conclusion from Congress' most fervent supporter of free markets."

"Of course, Priceline has the curious habit of reporting as revenue the total value of the tickets and hotel rooms that it 'sells' on its site , even though the vast majority of that revenue goes to the airlines and companies supplying the seats and rooms."

Let me pause for a moment to give three concise reasons why I'm so curious about the identity of the Antichrist:

"The Thin Red Line has a curious sound-scape, as the noise of battle frequently recedes to make room for interior monologues and Hans Zimmer's bump-bump, minimalist New Age music."

"Such seems to be the curious strategy of the world auto industry in the late 1990s, as it grapples with prices that are actually declining, demand that's stagnant, and production capacity that, against all good sense, just keeps getting bigger."

"He more recently found that it increases the bearer's risk of getting addicted to hard drugs (although several genes are probably involved), can cause adults to seek sensation, and makes newborns as young as two weeks more alert and curious about the outside world."

The oddest thing about the job is not its limitations but the curious caricature that illustrates each column.

"I'm curious about your thoughts on the coming millennium change and the notion that the world, due to its reliance on computers in things like tax collection and banking, will see an implosion and complete breakdown of society because the old mainframes can't tell the difference between 1900 and 2000."

The Algonquian tribes called the first white settlers Coat-wearers in gentle mockery of the stranger's curious garb.

Israel's fall would relegate Jews to curious obscurity--somewhat like the Amish.

"First she said, ""I'm curious."""

"If the answer to either question is yes, then here we have a case of the cost of parental irresponsibility being doled out to everybody else, a phenomenon the papers should be more curious about."

"(If you're curious about your own SF-36 score, click here.)"

"All the more remarkable, then, that the article on Manet has a title that exactly matches Fry's in rhythm, rhyme, and grammar, the match extending to the curious use of lady to denote in the one a medieval wench thought to be a witch and in the other a French nude of dubious virtue."

"(Bogason's dictionary is notable for another curious feature: the entry for the word disappear was somehow omitted, or perhaps it simply disappeared."

"The problem is that the NLRA, in a curious way, saw workers making that decision primarily by talking among themselves."

(Or maybe it isn't so curious: Philip Weiss tellingly led his attack on Farrow in the New York Observer last week with a little temper tantrum at his mom.)

It is just curious that what one might assume to be a fairly obvious coinage cannot be documented to an earlier date.

"In other cases, like the soft-drink industry, a curious confluence of taste distinctions and brand identification makes meaningful challenges difficult to imagine."

"A curious aspect of RP was (or is) its continual shifting: as soon as some of its characteristics are adopted by speakers of a different social or educational class, RP speakers, by consent that could scarcely be tacit, change the rules of the game, coming up with shootin' and huntin'."

"By 1978, Radio City had lost its glamour, and the owners of Rockefeller Center decided to demolish the aging hall."

"In time he was entirely forgotten, many of his buildings were demolished, others insensitively altered."

"He repeatedly calls on his followers to embrace martyrdom since ""the walls of oppression and humiliation cannot be demolished except in a rain of bullets."""

"Other than one civilian casualty, the operation seemed completely successful: the intelligence headquarters was demolished."

"At the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA's) 700 MWe Paradise Unit 2, it was necessary to demolish the existing ESP with the unit on line."

"TVA installed a construction bypass to send gas from the air preheater outlet directly to the FGD, while the ESP was being demolished and the SCR reactor erected in its place."

"38 Although, in this case the equipment did not have to be erected adjacent to an operating boiler, the erection included demolishing and erecting a complete boiler island and demolishing the existing electrostatic precipitator."

"38 Although, in this case the equipment did not have to be erected adjacent to an operating boiler, the erection included demolishing and erecting a complete boiler island and demolishing the existing electrostatic precipitator."

Residents and former residents of a Lincoln Place mobile home park that is being demolished to make way for a city-owned community center are demanding that the government compensate them for lost trailers and relocation costs.

Raimondi has been evicting residents and demolishing trailers that are left behind in order to meet a city requirement that he present a clean piece of land with no environmental concerns.

"As soon as she moved out, the mobile home was demolished, the suit said."

But Franklin and Wilkins soon demolished it.

"The temple was demolished and a vast, Classical-style church was built around Golgotha (the hill where Jesus’s crucifixion was believed to have taken place)."

He bought several Strip properties — the Silver Slipper and Castaways among them — and demolished them to make way for a new kind of resort — Mirage — which became an instant success.

It was demolished in 1817.

"Stones from the demolished Bastille prison were used for its support structure — galling for Royalists, since it had originally been named Pont Louis XVI."

So great is the pressure on the available land that most of Hong Kong’s colonial architectural heritage has been demolished and replaced by new skyscrapers.

"These gardens used to belong to the governor’s mountain lodge, but the building was demolished by the Japanese during the occupation of Hong Kong."

"This was once the scene of a famous misdevelopment plan, when a 600-room luxury hotel had to be demolished just as it was ready to open for business, since it had mistakenly been built directly on the flight path to Ibiza airport."

"With no skilled Muslim labor at his disposal, Qutb called on local craftsmen to build the mosque from the ruins of 27 Hindu and Jain temples, demolished by their own elephants."

"The present city walls that make the Old City so impressive and give it architectural coherence were built in 1538, on the foundations of ancient walls that had been demolished at the end of the Crusades."

"When that hope was realized in June 1967, old buildings that had crowded the Wall were demolished and a wide plaza was constructed for the hundreds of worshippers who arrived daily."

"Much of this historic structure was demolished by storms in 1983, prompting restoration to its original look."

"In 1858 that building was demolished, making away for a second and later a third structure (the one that still stands), which was completed in 1874."

"The fortress’s principal building, which may have been Henry’s headquarters, has been demolished."

"Where developers saw the opportunity to demolish derelict canal houses and warehouses, the people fought (sometimes literally) to save what they considered their heritage."

"The price of land was soaring, and developers could make a tidy profit by demolishing them and replacing them with something modern."

This was demolished when the metro was constructed in 1911.

"This landscape is no accident or happy coincidence but a living museum created in 1960, which has brought together a number of farmhouses, windmills, dairies, and barns — real agricultural buildings which would have been demolished had they not been relocated here."

"A triangle of sand — the area now bordered by the Passeig Nacional, the Avinguda d’Icària, and the beachfront Passeig Marítim — first housed dispossessed families when the Ribera district was demolished to make way for the Ciutadella fortress."

"The district between La Rambla and the Ronda de Sant Antoni, once the line of the city wall, is El Raval, a neighborhood being rapidly renovated, with many old buildings demolished to create open spaces."

Most of the other gates fell when the wall was demolished during the modernization of Beijing in 1958–1959.

"A short stroll leads to Friedrichstraße, where over 100,000 m of GDR architectural monstrosity have been demolished and replaced by a very elegant development of designer shops, offices, and apartments."

"By the time the Russians ?nally took Budapest, three-quarters of its buildings were demolished and the Hungarian death toll in the war came to about half a million."

Most of the ugly old warehouses have been demolished along the Vieux Port at the foot of Place Jacques-Cartier.

"During the latter years of Long’s reign, the French Quarter had reached a nadir, with many fine buildings in a state of near collapse — some were even demolished to make parking lots."

"The Sacré-Cœur’s architect, Paul Abadie, wanted to demolish St-Pierre, but he was overruled, and it was restored “as a riposte to the Sacré-Cœur.”"

"On the dock, Tina and her husband, Harry Evans, who was the person who hired me as an editor at Random House and who once demolished me in pingpong in between swimming laps at his health club--and I'm a pretty good ping pong player--were spotted, saying hello or goodbye to this luminary or that one."

"The NYT fronts, and the WP and LAT stuff, word that a powerful car bomb demolished an apartment building in Dagestan housing Russian counterinsurgency troops and their families."

"The findings became famous when they landed on the cover of … Newsweek . Much of Backlash is dedicated to demolishing both the Bloom-Craig research itself and Newsweek 's further distortion of it-most famously, Newsweek's preposterous claim that a single gal was more likely to be killed by a terrorist than to find a mate."

"Someday, someone will demolish the myth of Carter's alleged brilliance."

"In a long review-essay, Wieseltier demolished West's stature as a ""public intellectual,"" portraying him as a pretentious egomaniac, a mass of contradictions, and a superficial thinker who dresses up diluted Marxism in incomprehensible phraseology."

"In the past two years, the Czech president has been widowed, lost a lung to illness, married an unpopular actress, engaged in a nasty real-estate feud with his brother, and watched rival politicians demolish his vision of Czech society."

"Plaudits for the reconstruction of the fabled Elizabethan theater, which was demolished in 1644."

"The Israeli newspaper Ha'aretz led Thursday with an exclusive report saying that the latest draft of the U.S. peace initiative required that Israel stop expanding its West Bank settlements and ""refrain from demolishing 1800 [Palestinian] homes currently slated for demolition."""

Where else does a pundit face one or more people dedicated to demolishing his or her arguments on the spot and making him or her look like a fool?

Let us pause for a moment to demolish two of the splashier rumors about White House fornication.

"He demolished, in print, rivals and competitors."

"The seductive and corrupting film noir downtowns featured in so many admired cheap second features might as well all have been demolished, along with the long-gone Bijous and Palaces where these films first played."

"Other sports sites pale next to SportsZone, but they still demolish print and TV."

"At a Washington retirement home, the president helped demolish a wall to make room for a health clinic, an activity meant, in some weirdly elliptical way, to commemorate the life of the Rev."

"Even though Linux is supposed to demolish Microsoft, the Microsoft Helpdesk, which provides computer assistance to its employees, was surprisingly helpful."

"Its study has been pretty well demolished by the GAO's actuaries and by a counterstudy by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a liberal think tank."

"In the New Yorker version, a precocious child surveys her friend's demolished sand castle."

Good reviews for this corny Capra-esque Australian comedy about a working-class family's fight to keep its precious but hilariously tacky home from being demolished for an airstrip.

"Saga , Boutros-Ghali asserts that the wily secretary of state sought to unseat him ""with determination, letting pass no opportunity to demolish my authority and tarnish my image all the while showing a serene face, wearing a friendly smile and repeating expressions of friendships and admiration through the poutiest ruby lips I have ever beheld."

but the easiest thing in the world to write is a villain you get the audience so involved in hating that you scream inside for the hero to demolish him.

"In its editorial, the FT praised the judge for his ""sophisticated grasp of the workings of the computer industry"" and said he had successfully demolished most of Bill Gates' arguments."

"A sidebar notes that controversy remains over the Mars meteorite that crashed into Antarctica about 11,000 years ago: While scientists have demolished most of the evidence that the meteorite contained living creatures, they cannot explain why the meteorite contains a molecule that on Earth is only produced by biological processes."

"The protesters focus on ""stability"" and worry that unfettered trade will demolish it."

You don't need to play Mike Wallace and demolish Leuchter on camera.

Proposals to demolish this street and restore the unity of the whole archaeological zone from the Capitoline Hill to the Colosseum are often in the news.

"And I must, or rather, want to say, that one of the prime reasons for my enjoying Mr. Cochrane's article is that he demolished the “anti-empathy” argument by using logic and facts."

The Wal-Mart strategy required and fostered the development of a company-wide computer system to track incoming and outgoing shipments to the various stores.

"In Angela and Tom’s case, sandwiching concentrated time with Victor and Jeannine between work and other obligations, which often took precedence over family rituals, meant that routines that signal parental caring and that are major sources of development went by the wayside."

"The new approaches are numerous—some more concerned with motor skills, others with cognitive competencies, and still others with emotional and social development."

"How can adults build interdependent relationships with children that foster the development of culturally meaningful skills and mature, autonomous behavior?"

the zone of proximal development

Is learning and development affected if the father becomes less involved or absent after a divorce?

"It was in his book, With His Pistol in His Hand: A Border Ballad and Its Hero, that Paredes proposed his theory of the development of Chicano folklore through a process of cultural conflict generated by the invasion of Anglo culture and values into south Texas in the 1800s."

"Both these developments, in turn, placed a premium on planning the next generation of satellite systems, the cost of which put great pressure on the rest of the intelligence budget."

"The web pages were developed using JavaServer Page (JSP) technology, because of its rapid development and easy maintainability qualities in development of dynamically-generated web pages and takes advantage of the java technology provided by the Apache Tomcat server http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat."

Rate of development

As is the case in wing cells the distal accumulation of Fz did not appear to influence lateral development in an

Examination of the stability of countin mRNA indicated that it was turned over more rapidly in BS153 cells during early development.

"Diapausing embryos of the orthopteran Austroicetes cruciata undergo slow development for the first two months of diapause, before entering a resting stage [ 24 ] . Similarly, caterpillars of Cirphus unipunctata and Laphygma exigua continue to feed and develop during diapause, albeit at a much-reduced rate [ 25 ] , and caterpillars of the corn-stalk borer Sesamia nonagriodes undergo non-stationary moults during diapause [ 26 ] . These examples hint that the expression of diapause-controlled dormancy may vary between species [ 2 ] . Consequently, diapause could be considered extreme regulation of developmental rate, rather than a shutting down of morphological development."

"To determine the influence of temperature on the progression of development we stored the eggs under three temperature regimes, all with the same 13L:11D photoperiod: (1) 4°C in the light and 0°C in the dark; (2) constant 10°C; (3) constant 16°C."

"The right singular vectors that match our preconception of a grain filling pattern of expression, for example, low expression during panicle development and increasing expression during grain development, were identified after A was decomposed."

A significance of the results is that development of microsatellite markers is important not only for peanut researchers but also for peanut industry as the paucity of DNA markers in cultivated peanut has so far precluded detailed genetic research on this crop.

Guideline development

"When the interaction was present, there was no effect of scale at high food abundance, but when food abundance was low, container size affected male and female development time and mass of males (Figs."

This time frame for development of hypertrophy is similar to previous findings with iron or copper deficiency [ 14 15 16 17 40 43 ] .

", carteolol, had normal calcium cycling, normal myocardial energetics,normal β 1 receptor density as well as regression of myocytehypertrophy and reduced connective tissue content [ 18 ] . Furthermore, administration of carteolol hasbeen reported to prevent the development of virally induced cardiomyopathyin a murine model [ 25 ] . In a canine modelwith left ventricular dysfunction produced by multiple sequentialintracoronary microembolizations, long term treatment with metoprolol,a β 1 -selective blocker, has been reported to preventthe progression of LV systolic dysfunction and LV chamber dilatation [ 26 ] . Similarly, our present findings onthe effect of carvedilol indicated improvement of left ventricularfunction and smaller LV volumes."

One of the molecules presented here constitute a good framework for the development of a novel series of RAR ligands very different from all structures described so far.

"While the CASP experiments provide for an environment where rapid testing of ideas is possible in a rigourous manner, a lot of the development is ad hoc, guided by intuition, and not all parameter choices are explored thoroughly."

"Because folliculogenesis in the murine proceeds to the preovulatory stage in the absence of BMP-6 [ 30 ] , BMP-15 [ 15 ] , and BMPR-IB [ 31 ] , one can assume that the marked increases in these regulatory molecules are not essential for the development of a second layer of GC."

The development of RAD only in those patients with severe testicular dysfunction suggests that such dysfunction is one endogenous factor that predisposes to the development of RAD.

"It is hoped that using a 'master switch gene' will result in more stable vessels, because the processes by which they are formed would resemble more closely those of normal vessel development."

"We report several noteworthy observations based on our initial data, which provide a glimpse of the diversity of gene expression and the utility that will derive from a complete atlas of gene-expression patterns during Drosophila development."

"Profiling has been used to gain important insights into processes such as development, responses to environmental perturbations, gene mutation, pathogen and host response, and cancer [ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]."

"Studies using knockout mice for each of these isoforms [ 9, 10, 11, 12] suggest that eNOS-derived NO is important in modulating basal pulmonary vascular tone, as well as in attenuating the development of pulmonary hypertension."

"Study or Development of Coordinated Regional or Statewide Intake, Advice, Referral and Brief Services System."

"In this regard, agencies must continually (1) explore and assess information security risks to business operations, (2) determine what policies, standards, and controls are worth implementing to reduce these risks, (3) promote awareness and understanding among program managers, computer users, and systems development staff, and"

"International Capital Markets: Developments, Prospects, and Key Policy Issues."

"First, they used an evolutionary approach to product development by establishing timephased plans to develop a new product in increments based on technologies and resources achievable now and later."

DOD changed its acquisition policy to emphasize evolutionary acquisition and establish separate integration and demonstration phases in the product development process.

Some of the documents required under different development approaches may differ.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -Federal investment in research and development refers to those expenses incurred in support of the search for new or refined knowledge and ideas and for the application or use of such knowledge and ideas for the development of new or improved products and processes with the expectation of maintaining or increasing national economic productive capacity or yielding other future benefits.

Increased funding to the most productive scientists from the national science development programs might have been an important stimulus.

"For simplicity, I have described only the most common of the huge variety of very different scale insect genetic systems and modes of bacteriome development (Tremblay 1977, 1990; Nur 1980)."

"The upshot of these developments is that copyright holders can now permit a spectrum of uses of a paper by prospective researchers, anthologizers, archivists, teachers, patients, policy makers, journalists, and other interested parties."

"They believe that energy use, in the form of metabolic rate, can be understood from the first principles of physics, and that metabolic rate can explain growth, development, population dynamics, molecular evolution, the flux of chemicals through the environment, and patterns of species diversity—to name a few."

"How central will the regulation of P-TEFb be to cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation, and what roles will it play in normal development and disease states?"

"As a counterweight to the Singapore Chinese, he would bring in the North Borneo states of Sabah and Sarawak, granting them special privileges for their indigenous populations and funds for the development of their backward economies."

"Xcaret, or “little inlet,” is an award-winning example of a sustainable tourist development."

"In the 1970s, the development, along with the new airport, of the Club Maeva and Las Hadas resorts, with their striking Moorish design, began to bring in a steady flow of tourists."

"Instead of feigning horror over this week's developments, the time is ripe for Mr. Clinton to accept the realities of another major member of the nuclear club, and use his visit to make sure its government knows that its future lies in forging closer ties to the democratic West, Beck concluded."

"USA Today , the Washington Post , and the New York Times all lead with the latest developments in the investigation of President Clinton's fund-raising."

The process of development (or differentiation) is one of the least understood in biology.

"Those of us who write screenplays for a living are always perplexed at what leaky logic vessels most movies turn out to be, given the endless development process that takes place before production begins."

"The United States should limit technology transfers, increase spying on Beijing, strengthen our military alliances with China's neighbors (notably Japan and Korea), and stall China's weapons development as much as we peaceably can."

(The only circumstance in which he would need to seek the consent of other landowners in the development would be if he wanted to petition to change the restrictions or permit an exception to them.)

"In the last several years, the business and corporate community has recognized that the positive development of youth is directly related to the development of a competent workforce."

"Although these changes have provided strong motivation for increased channel coordination, the development and implementation of key facilitating technologies—like bar codes, the later spread of EDI, and automated distribution centers—have been the real movers here."

Chapters 3 through 5 analyze developments in the retail sector.

"After this introduction, Chapter 2 (“The Past as Prologue”) offers a brief history of recent technological and human resource developments in retailing, apparel production—including the role of jobbers, contractors, and manufacturers—and textile enterprises."

"Although these developments are very much a work in progress, information-integrated channels of production and distribution are emerging."

"The developments reported here offer a prototype of the new links among manufacturers, other suppliers, retailers, and consumers."

"This stream of general debate, however, is seldom related to a detailed study or analysis of the impact of such developments on the U.S. textile or apparel industries."

"But the longer term viability of American textile centers will depend on the development of infrastructures capable of supporting advanced textile production in countries close to the U.S. market, such as Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America."

"Adoption of just-in-time inventory management by manufacturers also represents a significant development, since changes in inventories have often been an important source of business-cycle fluctuations."

But these initiatives are still at an early stage of development.

"Finally, the central role played by retailers in development and operation of the channel points to the fact that any measure—whether taken by the government, through voluntary compliance programs or via collective bargaining—must include their participation and support."

Now point-of-sales information provides retailers with reliable information on market developments and hence gives them more leverage in dealing with direct suppliers and others further from ultimate consumers.

"A number of developments, many linked to issues we have discussed, indicate both the potential and limitations of electronic retailing."

"47 Thus, although Internet retailing will certainly grow as a channel of distribution, the most essential longer term developments will involve the expansion of lean retailing principles to a wider and wider variety of goods sold by a decreasing number of major retailers."

"In a related vein, the future of domestic producers also relies on their development of capabilities for supplying fashion products on a replenishment basis."

"Once again, the development of Web sites to undertake some of these connections represents an important first step in this direction."

"His story underscores the international role of textiles and apparel, their impetus in national economic development, and their place in conflicts over domestic production and imports—a theme that recurs throughout U.S. history."

This brief historical survey highlights not only the crucial developments that still undergird these industries but also the systems and work practices from an earlier era that no longer match today’s competitive requirements.

Other factors drove the development of mass retail as well.

"Only in the 1980s, with the development of another system of mass distribution that includes new technology, new management methods, and new links to manufacturing—lean retailing—did the role of the buyer significantly diminish."

Development of the Progressive Bundle System

The dominance of PBS affects current developments in apparel manufacturing and employee management for two reasons.

"Further, the knitting machine has been a key development in manufacturing technology."

The creation of a national highway system in the 1950s further fostered the development of mass retailing by opening vast new spaces in suburban malls.

"These store-level investments were accompanied by major capital investments in central computer processing capacities, continuing development of store- and corporate-level software systems, and improvements in distribution operations."

Other development applications allow designers to begin with an actual garment and make appropriate changes to achieve the desired design or construction modifications.

"In my three decades of teaching university courses in child development, I have come to know thousands of students, many of whom were parents or who became parents soon after completing my class."

"As a byproduct of those experiences, parents repeatedly approached me with concerns about how to foster their child’s development in the early years."

"At an even more fundamental level, contemporary parents have begun to doubt their own ecacy in their children’s development."

"Second, information about child development disseminated to parents is increasingly voluminous but at the same time contradictory."

"In view of these diculties, it is little wonder that so many American parents express a sense of powerlessness and inadequacy when it comes to aecting their children’s development."

"3 An obvious solution to reconciling parents’ employment needs with young children’s rearing needs is to make high-quality, nonparental care, with characteristics known to promote healthy psychological development, widely available and aordable."

"In a recent survey of parents whose children were enrolled in several hundred randomly chosen child-care centers across four states, over 90 percent believed that their preschoolers’ experiences were far better than experts in early childhood development judged those experiences to be."

"8 Instead, positive, supportive parenting that endured, even when it marked a change from an early period of parental retreat or negative interaction, was linked to favorable child development, including persistence in problem solving, high self-esteem, socially skilled behavior, closer friendships, and better peer relationships."

"Although the precise extent of family–work conflict in American culture is not clear, its presence and detrimental impact on parent-child interaction and children’s development are well founded."

"Studies carried out during the 1970s and 1980s on the relationship of maternal employment to children’s development revealed many positive outcomes—higher self-esteem, better grades in school, more positive family and peer relations, and less gender-stereotyped beliefs."

"17 But repeatedly, eective parenting mediated these favorable developments."

"When employed parents spend generous amounts of time engaged with their child, they safeguard the child’s development."

"Probably because it reduces work overload, part-time maternal employment is associated with better academic and social development than is full-time employment."

Precious few of these parenting manuals are grounded in the explosion of contemporary research on child development that is of significant applied value.

"27 The roots of these polarized perspectives can be found in centuries-old, dramatically opposing philosophies about the nature of children and child development."

"The behaviorist presumption that development can be mechanically engineered by social input, guaranteeing brighter, socially more mature children, is not borne out by the evidence."

"In the tradition of Rousseau, the psychoanalysts argued that powerful biological forces channel development through four psychosexual stages."

"Swiss biologist Jean Piaget, twentieth-century giant of cognitive development, proposed a theory in which an intrinsically motivated child acts on the world, noticing discrepancies between the environment and inner structures, or ways of thinking."

"In contrast to the behaviorist emphasis on adult tutoring, Piaget believed that since development follows a natural, internally controlled stage sequence, what comes from within the child is paramount in guiding cognitive change."

Piaget’s contribution to the field of child development is enormous.

"Especially important, Piaget convinced the academic community—as well as many parents and teachers—that children are active contributors to their own development, have their own ways of understanding the world, and must be developmentally ready if teaching is to be successful."

"Rather than tracking how well pupils keep pace with norms, or the average performance of same-age peers, open-classroom teachers evaluate children on an individual basis—in relation to their own prior development."

"As our discussion already suggests, a central Piagetian tenet is that it is foolhardy to try to speed up development."

"Because Piaget stressed the supremacy of children’s engagement with their surroundings over adult teaching, parents’ and teachers’ contributions to development are severely reduced relative to the child’s."

"37 This, along with the cross-cultural findings just described, raises doubts about Piaget’s assumption that discovery learning rather than adult teaching is the most eective way to foster development."

"As Damon’s message suggests, in building an eective vision of child development and child rearing, neither the child’s inner thoughts and feelings nor the role of adult guidance can be singularly extolled or wholeheartedly ignored."

"Today, sound theories and educational strategies exist that are neither adult- nor child-centered but, instead, portray both as participating actively, jointly, and inseparably in the process of development."

On only one point is the popular parenting literature unanimous: the vital importance of getting development o to a good start during the preschool years.

"After decades of theoretical division and debate, a new, more complex view of child development is coalescing in the field, supported by rapidly accumulating research evidence."

"The fragmented, polarized theories of the past are giving way to more equitable theories emphasizing that the child and the social environment interact and that the contributions of each to development cannot be separated and weighted in a simplistic, one-sided manner."

A second step is an appreciation of the multiplicity of factors that contribute to development—an understanding that spells out parents’ vital role yet clarifies how it joins with other forces to aect children’s development and well-being.

child development: a new consensus

"At the dawn of a new millennium, a fresh set of theories of child development has blossomed."

Many Factors Contribute to Development

"These elements include the child’s heredity and biological constitution; the people and objects in the child’s everyday settings of home, child-care center, school, and neighborhood; community resources for child rearing (such as family-friendly workplace policies and high-quality, aordable child care); and cultural values and customs related to child development and education."

"A common human genetic heritage and basic regularities in children’s physical and social environments yield certain universal, broad outlines of development."

"Within this dynamic system in which inner and outer forces jointly engender development, each contributing factor influences—and is influenced by—the others."

brain development.

How does early experience join with biology to aect brain development?

"Notice how, for the biological side of brain development to go forward, appropriate stimulation is essential while formation of neural connections is at its peak."

"Because of rapid brain growth and gradual decline in brain plasticity, the first 5 to 8 years of life are regarded as a sensitive phase of development in which appropriate stimulation is necessary for children to reach their full genetic potential."

"In Burton White and Robert Held’s classic study of the impact of early stimulation on development, young babies in a barren institution given a moderate amount of stimulation tailored to their ability to handle it—at first, a few simple designs on the side of their crib and later, a fancy mobile—reached for and explored objects six weeks earlier than did infants given nothing to look at."

Our rapidly expanding knowledge base on brain development and children’s learning reveals that a genetically influenced roadmap for brain growth and a developmentally appropriate environment go hand in hand; the impact of each depends on the other.

"Let’s see how temperament combines with brain development and experience, forming a complex, dynamic system that shapes the course of development."

"Let’s see how temperament combines with brain development and experience, forming a complex, dynamic system that shapes the course of development."

"To chart the development of shy and sociable children, psychologist Jerome Kagan followed several hundred youngsters from infancy into the school years, repeatedly observing their behavior and measuring their physiological responses to highly stimulating, unfamiliar events."

Shy and sociable children also require dierent adult interventions to promote exploration of their surroundings—an activity that (as Piaget pointed out) is essential for optimal cognitive development.

"Finally, culture aects the likelihood that parents and teachers will respond to shy children in ways that foster their development."

"Environmental forces, from adult–child interaction to cultural values, join with heredity to aect the development of children with other temperamental dispositions as well."

"Throughout this book—and especially in Chapter 5, which addresses the development of children with physical and mental disabilities—we will see many more examples of these synergistic eects."

"Indeed, many eminent child development researchers have countered Harris’s thesis."

"Furthermore, no conclusive evidence exists for the assertion that the most consequential environment for children’s development is the peer group rather than the family."

"In fact, this overriding emphasis on peers as a source of positive development is itself a product of our culture."

"It leads parents, like Noah and Suzanne, who are on the cusp of a dramatic period of development in their 2-year-old son’s life, to express grave doubts about their own importance."

"The central idea of sociocultural theory is that the child and his or her social surroundings join to provide direction to development; participation in social life guides and energizes the child’s mastery of new, culturally adaptive skills."

"78 By the 1980s, many American psychologists and educators—doubting the Piagetian view of development and desiring to account for wide variation in children’s competencies—embraced Vygotsky’s ideas with enthusiasm."

"These undergo a natural course of development through direct contact with the environment during the first two years of life, similar to the process of exploration and discovery described by Piaget."

The milestones just cited are broad universals of development.

This leads to a crucial change in development.

"The natural line of development makes closer contact with its surrounding social context, merges with it, and is transformed by it."

"Vygotsky emphasized that to understand children’s development, it is necessary to understand the social situations adults devise for them."

"Because Vygotsky regarded language as the major bridge between our social and mental worlds, he viewed language acquisition as the most significant milestone in children’s cognitive development."

"The sociocultural vision is very dierent from behaviorism, which views development as directly imposed, or shaped, by external forces."

"The core lesson to be learned from our discussion so far is that development is a matter of children’s genetic/biological potential undergoing a cultural metamorphosis, a process that cannot take place without parents and teachers as thoughtful and committed participants in children’s lives."

"From the sociocultural perspective, parents and teachers are leaders in awakening children’s minds and fostering their development; children are apprenticed to these experts."

"Vygotsky, who studied and wrote about children’s development in Russia in the early twentieth century, was deeply interested in how interdependency—children’s close ties to their community—can pave the way to competence and autonomy."

"An overwhelming consensus of research shows that sensitive caregiving—responding to the baby’s cries for physical care and stimulation promptly, consistently, and appropriately—supports the development of a secure attachment relationship."

"To answer this question, Vygotsky proposed a special concept: the zone of proximal development."

Keeping it in mind can help parents and teachers interact with children in ways that lead their development forward.

"Vygotsky defined the zone of proximal development as the distance between the child’s actual development (the tasks the child can do individually) and the child’s potential development, “determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.”"

"Vygotsky defined the zone of proximal development as the distance between the child’s actual development (the tasks the child can do individually) and the child’s potential development, “determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.”"

"Vygotsky defined the zone of proximal development as the distance between the child’s actual development (the tasks the child can do individually) and the child’s potential development, “determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.”"

"Research documents several communicative ingredients that consistently foster development, in children of diverse ages and across a wide range of tasks."

This joint attention to objects and events fosters early language development.

"Mothers who maintain high levels of it during play have infants who comprehend more language, produce meaningful gestures and words earlier, and show faster vocabulary development between 1 and 2 years of age."

"The communicative competence inherent in intersubjectivity blossoms within a zone of proximal development in which parents and other significant adults are “stimulating, attentive, confirmatory, interpretive, and highly supportive.”"

"37 Parent–child intersubjectivity makes a vital contribution to the development of attachment, attention, language, and understanding of others’ perspectives."

"To promote development, the adult varies his or her assistance to fit the child’s changing level of performance, with the goal of keeping the child in the “zone.”"

"41 Indeed, self-regulation is so important for children’s cognitive and social development that we will return to it repeatedly in later chapters when we consider how other experiences—children’s self-directed language, make-believe play, and learning in school—contribute to it."

"Children’s conversations with elaborative-style parents increase in complexity as language development proceeds, creating a zone of proximal development in which narrative competence expands."

"Children’s conversations with elaborative-style parents increase in complexity as language development proceeds, creating a zone of proximal development in which narrative competence expands."

"“ 68 Furthermore, the richness of 6-year-olds’ evaluative remarks can be predicted from their mother’s evaluative statements in an adult–child conversation 3 years earlier69—a finding that underscores, once again, parents’ vital role in creating a “zone” for narrative development."

"According to psychologist Jerome Bruner, learning to negotiate diering viewpoints through narrative is a crowning achievement of human development."

"Gratifying social ties, in turn, serve as vital contexts for further cognitive and social development."

Research consistently demonstrates that language development in early childhood is strongly related to later reading competence—and to academic achievement in general during elementary school.

"Conversations with adults are especially powerful contributors to early childhood language proficiency and, in turn, to literacy development."

"Typically, an adult reads while a child listens—a format that is beneficial to early literacy development93 but that cannot guarantee the child’s attention, involvement, and comprehension."

"When parents and teachers use dialogic reading consistently over several weeks to several months, children show gains in language development, print knowledge, and writing progress that are still present six months to a year later."

"Indeed, joint participation in make-believe with more expert cultural members is so important for development during early childhood that I devote an entire chapter to it."

"Although grocery shopping with Ricky might take 10 or 15 minutes longer than otherwise, it has wide-ranging benefits for his development."

"104 Scores on that instrument consistently predict early childhood mental development, no matter what the child’s socioeconomic or ethnic background."

"Despite widespread public concern about the impact of TV on children’s development, many parents do little to regulate or guide their children’s viewing."

"Parents who intervene in their child’s TV viewing so it is in keeping with the “zone” transform the TV medium from a negative to a positive force in the child’s mental life, and they promote favorable cognitive and social development in many other ways as well."

"120 Although the family, Bronfenbrenner noted, continues to have primary responsibility for children’s character development, it lacks the strength needed to do the job because parents and children no longer spend enough time together."

"Such togetherness aects a child’s development in countless ways, even through what appear to be trifling pursuits—help with homework; outings to the grocery store, the park, and the local library; dinnertime conversations; discussions of exciting or scary TV shows; and bedtime stories."

"Narrative conversation also fosters language development and emergent literacy, which greatly ease the task of learning to read and write when children get to school."

"Through dialogues with children, adults play a formative role in the development of children’s self-conceptions, sensitivity to others, cognition, academic knowledge, morality, social skills, and capacity to use language to gain control over thought and behavior."

"In the next chapter, I address a question that has long intrigued child development theorists and puzzled many parents and teachers: Why do children talk to themselves?"

Eminent child development theorists of the past attached great importance to the role of make-believe play in early development.

Eminent child development theorists of the past attached great importance to the role of make-believe play in early development.

"Nevertheless, Piaget was convinced that by itself, make-believe play does little to advance children’s development."

"Sociodramatic play, involving joint make-believe with a partner, Piaget claimed, is not under way until age 3. As with other aspects of Piaget’s theory, the direction of development for make-believe is from purely individual, egocentric symbols to social play and shared understanding."

Vygotsky’s theory has been the wellspring of our recent appreciation of the profoundly social nature of even very young children’s imaginative play—and its wide-ranging influence on cognitive and social development.

Vygotsky’s View: A Zone of Proximal Development

"Consider the following frequently quoted remarks, taken from a brief lecture in which Vygotsky eloquently summed up his conviction that pretend play is a central force in children’s development:"

[Make-believe] play creates a zone of proximal development in the child.

"As in the focus of a magnifying glass, play contains all developmental tendencies in condensed form and is itself a major source of development."

"How do the make-believe scenes just described, and others like them, serve as major sources of development?"

"Together, these features make fantasy play a supreme contributor to the development of self-regulation—one that extends the impact of adult teaching and example more than any other early childhood activity."

"To understand make-believe play’s role in development, let’s take a closer look at each of its unique features."

"10 In helping children disengage thought from reality, pretend play is vital preparation for the much later development of abstract thinking, in which symbols are manipulated and hypothetical ideas are evaluated without referring to currently existing, real world conditions."

"As we will see shortly, people renowned for their creative accomplishments often report that make-believe play was a frequent, highly influential aspect of their early development."

"Vygotsky regarded the sociodramatic play of the preschool years as essential for further development of play—specifically, for movement toward game play in middle childhood."

"Children retain both aspects of play, in changing balances, throughout development."

"In sum, the development of play proceeds from make-believe, with an overt imaginary situation and covert rules, to organized games, with overt rules and a covert imaginary situation."

"The vast yet nearly effortless learning that takes place through pretending makes it, for Vygotsky, “the highest level of preschool development."

contributions of make-believe play to development

"Was he correct that pretending in early childhood has a far-reaching impact on development, supporting the emergence and refinement of a wide variety of competencies?"

"Comparisons of preschoolers’ sociodramatic activities with their social nonpretend pursuits, such as drawing pictures or putting puzzles together in the company of agemates, supports Vygotsky’s view of make-believe as a “zone” in which children enhance their own development."

"In view of these findings, it is not surprising that 4- and 5-year-olds who spend more time at sociodramatic play are advanced in intellectual development and are judged more socially competent by their teachers."

"Yet attention becomes more sustained over early childhood—a development that equips children for concentrated involvement, which will be essential for success once they enter school."

What does research say about the role of make-believe in children’s literacy development?

"In one of the most extensive studies tracing the development of make-believe play, psychologists Wendy Haight and Peggy Miller followed nine children from 1 to 4 years of age, repeatedly visiting their homes to make intensive observations of their pretending."

Relentlessly barraging children with information that communicates “at” rather than “with” them fails to involve them in dialogue and interferes with optimum development of play.

"In sum, quality of adult–child social engagement, both within and outside of make-believe play, has much to do with the potential of such play to lead children’s development forward."

Vygotsky’s theory tells us that adults are active agents in children’s social development.

Martha Bronson’s The Right Stuff for Children Birth to Age 880 is an excellent resource for selecting play materials that support development in early childhood.

"Six- to 8-year-olds continue to like role play, and teachers can use it to foster their academic development."

"As leaders in children’s development, parents and teachers are in a prime position to design and influence children’s play worlds in ways that shield them from acquiring materialistic and violent attitudes and behaviors and that accentuate play’s cognitive, emotional, and social benefits."

"These include one-sided, contradictory messages in the parenting-advice literature; career pressures that impinge on parent involvement in children’s lives; abysmally weak American child-care services to assist employed parents in their child-rearing roles; cultural violence and excessive materialism permeating children’s worlds; schools with less than optimal conditions for children’s learning; and impediments to granting children with deficits and disabilities social experiences that maximize their development."

"In that survey, I asked parents to list any questions about young children’s development and learning that interested or worried them."

"When parents are familiar with principles that are grounded in contemporary theory and research on children’s development, they can better deal with the quandaries generated by the changing home, school, and community contexts in which today’s children grow up."

"Although self-esteem and favorable development are related, high self-esteem does not necessarily cause effortful behavior and achievement."

Parents who deliver praise not based on real attainment actually undermine their child’s development.

"Fortunately, children can just as easily absorb worthwhile messages and information from TV, so parental guidance in this area can have great benefits for development."

"The warmth, exploration, conversation, and fun involved in this and other joint parent–child activities strengthen emotional bonds and foster both cognitive and social development."

A common parental worry is that computers will channel children into solitary pursuits and disrupt their social development.

How can parents capitalize on the computer’s potential for spurring their child’s development?

Parents often assume that the play materials children choose are the ones that are best for their development.

•How will the toy help provide a foundation for my child’s future learning and development?

"Some parents show their child books with pictures of fetuses, identifying those that are about the same age as the forthcoming sibling and discussing the baby’s development as it progresses."

"Consider Carl, one of the most obstinate participants in a study of the combined impact that temperament and child rearing have on long-term development."

How can a parent identify the difference between a language disorder and normal language development?

"If your child’s language development is delayed by several months when compared to norms for early language milestones, then your child might have a language disorder."

"Because of wide individual differences, it’s sometimes hard to tell a language disorder from normal variation in language development."

"Typically, children with hearing impairments are not identified until 12 to 25 months of age, when speech and language development is already delayed."

"Newborn testing takes only a few minutes and permits problems to be addressed early, preventing negative consequences for all aspects of psychological development."

"Most often, they consider delaying the start of school for boys, who as a group tend to lag behind girls in cognitive and social development."

Notice that each of the options just mentioned assumes that readiness is inherent in the child—that a 5-year-old must have reached a certain level of development to profit from classroom experiences.

"Consider, once again, the concept of the “zone,” in which teaching leads development."

"65 Part of the reason for girls’ advantage in literacy development is that they undergo a faster rate of physical maturation, believed to promote slightly earlier development of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex, where language functions are housed for most people."

"65 Part of the reason for girls’ advantage in literacy development is that they undergo a faster rate of physical maturation, believed to promote slightly earlier development of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex, where language functions are housed for most people."

"Divorce is invariably painful for children, and learning and development can be affected—temporarily and long term."

Chapter 5 of this book is devoted to the development of children with deficits and disabilities.

"When cerebral palsy results in speech, hearing, or visual impairments, promoting language proficiency through alternative means is crucial for enhancing development."

"The development of Chicano Muralismo grew out of the political context of the Chicano civil rights movement, a nationalistic political struggle waged by Chicanos during the 1960s."

The fullest development comes in Aristotle’s Politics and in the Nicomachean Ethics.

"Origins of Order and At Home in the Universe give good grounds to think that much of the order in organisms, from the origin of life itself to the stunning order in the development of a newborn child from a fertilized egg, does not reflect selection alone."

The form of the aperiodicity will contain some kind of microscopic code that somehow controls the development of the organism.

Some vast network of regulatory interactions among genes and their products provides the mechanism that marshals the genome into the dance of development.

"Clues that such a toolbox is experimentally feasible come from many recent developments, including the discovery that antibody molecules, evolved to bind molecular features called epitopes, can actually act as catalysts."

It was a profound insight in the development of equilibrium thermodynamics to recognize that the energy present in the thermal motions of an equilibrium gas system could not be extracted to do work.

"An important step in “saving” the second law was taken by Leo Szilard, who also conceived of the nuclear chain reaction one day in London and helped set in motion the development of the atomic bomb and atomic energy."

"It is the joint dynamical behavior of such genetic networks, plus the remaining cellular network of proteins and other molecular interactions, that controls cell behavior, including development from the fertilized egg to the adult."

I would note that such transient reversals happen all the time in normal development.

These cascades of alterations guide development and cell dierentiation.

"We have spun out a biotechnology company, CIStem Molecular, that aims to clone the small cis acting DNA regions that control turning genes on and o in development and disease; a European daughter company, Euro-Bios; as well as EXA, a company spun out with NASDAQ to make tools for financial markets."

The coming into existence of the enabling constraints of law is as central to economic development and growth as any other aspect of the bubbling activity.

The United States must support such developments.

"America's strategy should be a coalition strategy, that includes Muslim nations as partners in its development and implementation."

Economic development remains a distant hope.

"He has embraced the Arab Human Development Report, which was highly critical of the Arab world's political, economic, and social failings and called for greater economic and political reform."

The policies that support economic development and reform also have political implications.

"Recommendation: A comprehensive U.S. strategy to counter terrorism should include economic policies that encourage development, more open societies, and opportunities for people to improve the lives of their families and to enhance prospects for their children's future."

"The development of terrorist indicators has hardly begun, and behavioral cues remain important."

"The solution, requiring more research and development, is likely to combine radio frequency technology with biometric identifiers."

"The current patchwork of border screening systems, including several frequent traveler programs, should be consolidated with the USVISIT system to enable the development of an integrated system, which in turn can become part of the wider screening plan we suggest."

These laws required the development of strategic plans to describe how the new department and TSA would provide security for critical parts of the U.S. transportation sector.

"Many of the act's provisions are relatively noncontroversial, updating America's surveillance laws to reflect technological developments in a digital age."

"An unintended consequence of these developments has been the far greater demand made by Defense on technical systems, leaving the DCI less able to influence how these technical resources are allocated and used."

The new committee or committees should conduct continuing studies of the activities of the intelligence agencies and report problems relating to the development and use of intelligence to all members of the House and Senate.

One expert witness (not a member of the administration) told us that this is perhaps the single largest obstacle impeding the department's successful development.

"Recommendation: A specialized and integrated national security workforce should be established at the FBI consisting of agents, analysts, linguists, and surveillance specialists who are recruited, trained, rewarded, and retained to ensure the development of an institutional culture imbued with a deep expertise in intelligence and national security."

"See Arab Human Development Report 2003 (United Nations, 2003), a report prepared by Arabs that examines not only standard statistical data but also more sensitive social indicators recently identified by the Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen."

"See Mark Le Vine, ""The UN Arab Human Development Report: A Critique,"" Middle East Report, July 26, 2002 (online at www.merip.org/mero/mer0072602.html)."

"30, 2003); DOS cable, Nairobi 7020, ""Sudan: Foreign Minister on Developments re Terrorism and Peace,"" May 21, 1996."

"DOS cable, Nairobi 07020,""Sudan: Foreign Minister on Developments,"" May 21, 1996."

"CIA cable, ""19 May 98 Briefing for JSOC,""May 27,1998; CIA cable,""Developments in the [Tribals'] Operation at the HQs End,"" May 26, 1998; Joint Inquiry interview of Michael Canavan, Sept. 3, 2002."

"Side of the Bin Ladin Capture Operation,"" May 27, 1998; CIA cable,""Developments in the [Tribals'] Operation at the HQs End,"" May 26, 1998."

"183; CIA talking points, ""CIA Operation Results in Capture of Two Bin Ladin Operatives,"" July 7, 1998; CIA memo, Jeff to Tenet, ""Biweekly Developments in CT Policy,"" July 15, 1998."

"The telescope program, for instance, was considered too challenging and risky for the CIA's Afghan assets; development continued through the summer, but the idea was eventually dropped."

Hadley told us that he was able to do less policy development than in a normal two-month transition.

"On the early development of the Patriot Act, see, e.g., Brill, After, pp. 73-76, 120-125."

"For the report, see United Nations Development Programme report, Arab Human Development Report 2003: Building a Knowledge Society (United Nations, 2003) (online at www.miftah.org/Doc/Reports/Englishcomplete2003.pdf)."

"For the report, see United Nations Development Programme report, Arab Human Development Report 2003: Building a Knowledge Society (United Nations, 2003) (online at www.miftah.org/Doc/Reports/Englishcomplete2003.pdf)."

"Social and Economic Malaise In the 1970s and early 1980s, an unprecedented flood of wealth led the then largely unmodernized oil states to attempt to shortcut decades of development."

"By the late 1980s, diminishing oil revenues, the economic drain from many unprofitable development projects, and population growth made these entitlement programs unsustainable."

"Unlike the oil states (or Afghanistan, where real economic development has barely begun), the other Arab nations and Pakistan once had seemed headed toward balanced modernization."

These developments further blocked the arteries of information sharing.

He or she states the community's priorities and coordinates development of intelligence agency budget requests for submission to Congress.

"Terrorists, in turn, have benefited from this same rapid development of communication technologies."

Two developments diminished this competition.

"The second, related development was a significant transfer of planning and command responsibilities from the service chiefs and their staffs to the joint and unified commands outside of Washington, especially those for Strategic Forces and for four regions: Europe, the Pacific, the Center, and the South."

"Clarke was only to ""provide advice"" regarding budgets and to ""coordinate the development of interagency agreed guidelines"" for action."

"One especially noteworthy innovation was the creation of the Joint House-Senate Atomic Energy Committee, which is credited by many with the development of our nuclear deterrent capability and was also criticized for wielding too much power relative to the executive branch."

"Noting that the plan was in a ""very early stage of development,"" the NSC staff then told the CIA planners to go ahead and, among other things, start drafting any legal documents that might be required to authorize the covert action."

"The original sealed indictment had added that al Qaeda had ""reached an understanding with the government of Iraq that al Qaeda would not work against that government and that on particular projects, specifically including weapons development, al Qaeda would work cooperatively with the Government of Iraq."""

"In May and June, the U.S. government received a flurry of ominous reports, including more information about chemical weapons training or development at the Derunta camp and possible attempts to amass nuclear material at Herat."

"Al Qaeda funded salaries for jihadists, training camps, airfields, vehicles, arms, and the development of training manuals."

"The information we have presented about the development of the planes operation shows how, by the spring and summer of 2000, al Qaeda was able to meet these requirements."

"He did not recall any particular counterterrorism issue that engaged his attention before 9/11, other than the development of the Predator unmanned aircraft system."

This suggests that the development of future guidelines should take YHL or other measures of quality of life into account.

"Second, patients with Q-wave myocardial infarction were not eligible for enrollment because it was felt that statins would not influence the development of important prognostic determinants such as left ventricular systolic dysfunction, ventricular arrhythmias or mechanical complications [ 5 ] . Nevertheless, patients who develop electrocardiographic Q-waves represent a substantial proportion of all patients with myocardial infarction."

The issue of what to do about missing data caused by dropouts in clinical trials is a research topic that is still under development in statistical literature.

Meltrin α is expressed in vivo during development in condensed mesenchymal cells that give rise to skeletal muscle while meltrin β is expressed in craniofacial and dorsal root ganglia where neuronal lineages differentiate [ 26].

"As both MMPs and COX-2 are important factors in tumor development [ 48, 49] IDO's role in tumorigenesis bears investigating."

"NTPDases are important in many physiological processes like cell motility, adhesion, nonsynaptic information transfer, secretion, regulation of hemostasis and ectokinases [ 1 ] . Understanding the enzymatic mechanisms of the NTPDases will help description of their physiological functions, and development of strategies to regulate the functions of the enzymes."

"Whole-genome expression profiling exemplified by the development of DNA microarrays represents a major advance in genome-wide functional analysis [ 1 2 ] . In a single assay, the transcriptional response of each gene to a change in cellular state can be measured, whether it is a viral infection, host cell cycle changes, chemical treatment, or genetic perturbation."

"The observed disturbance of AMPA receptors may contribute to the neurotoxic process in other vulnerable brain regions and clinically to the development of dementia [ 35 ] . Interestingly, in a mouse model AMPA receptors in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum declined by 29-50% as early as 8 weeks post-retroviral inoculation."

"Thus, the reduction in AMPA receptor density may contribute to the development of the cognitive abnormalities associated with HIV-1 infection [ 36 ] ."

"The action is mediated by specific nuclear receptor proteins, which belong to a superfamily of ligand-modulated transcription factors that regulate homeostasis, reproduction, development, and differentiation [ 87 ] . This family includes receptors for steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, hormonal forms of vitamin A and D, peroxisomal activators, and ecdysone [ 88 ] . Nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate genes critical to such biological processes as development, reproduction, and homeostasis."

"The action is mediated by specific nuclear receptor proteins, which belong to a superfamily of ligand-modulated transcription factors that regulate homeostasis, reproduction, development, and differentiation [ 87 ] . This family includes receptors for steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, hormonal forms of vitamin A and D, peroxisomal activators, and ecdysone [ 88 ] . Nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate genes critical to such biological processes as development, reproduction, and homeostasis."

"While structure-activity relationship studies and molecular modeling have led to the development of a detailed pharmacophore model, determining specific point interactions between 5-HT 3 antagonists and binding site amino acids has proven difficult."

"Author 2 (JLC) contributed to the development of the experimental approach, helped analyze and interpret the data, and edited the manuscript."

They are structural and functional modulators of extracellular matrices that play important roles in CNS development and repair.

"GAG-binding proteins can be differentially sensitive to variations in GAG structure [ 27 ] . GAGs produced among different cell types have structural and compositional differences and structural changes in GAGs are known to occur in cells undergoing morphological differentiation and/or malignant transformations [ 28 29 30 31 ] . Thus, in the native retina, or other tissue, modulation of the PEDF-receptor interactions may depend on the expression of GAGs, which occur during development and pathological conditions."

"EMA participated in the design, assay development and carried out the complex-formation, GAG detection and receptor binding assays."

"While the ultimate goal is the development of dynamic models for the complete simulation of cellular metabolism, the success of such approaches has been severely hampered by the lack of kinetic information on the dynamics and regulation of metabolism."

The rapid development of bioinformatic databases is resulting in extensive information about the molecular composition and function of several single cellular organisms.

These simulation experiments were iterated during the development of the approach.

"In addition to stimulating the development of similar tools, CoreGenes will allow continuing improvements to it."

"To date, transcriptomics is the most widely studied molecular approach, enabling researchers to examine subtle differences in thousands of mRNA levels between experimental samples, medical biopsies, etc . Although mRNA is not the end product of a gene, the transcription of a gene is both critical and highly regulated, thereby providing an ideal point of investigation [ 1 2 ] . Development of microarrays has permitted global measurement of gene expression at the transcript level and provided a glimpse into the coordinated control and interactions between genes."

"The cDNA array has a long history of development [ 3 ] stemming from immunodiagnostic work in the 1980s; however, it has been most widely developed in recent years by Stanford University (California) researchers depositing cDNA tags onto glass slides, or chips, with precise robotic printers [ 4 ] . Labeled cDNA fragments are then hybridized to the tags on the chip, scanned, and differences in mRNA between samples identified and visualized using a variation of the red/green matrix originally introduced by Eisen and colleagues [ 5 ] . The light-generated oligonucleotide array, developed by Affymetrix, Inc. (Santa Clara, CA), involves synthesizing short 25-mer oligonucleotide probes directly onto a glass slide using photolithographic masks [ 6 7 ] . Sample processing includes the production of labeled cRNA, hybridization to a microarray, and quantification of the obtained signal after laser scanning."

The present article will take only the data from the liver as an example for the development of a gene selection model.

"The following discussions describe the development of the model within the context of our nutritional study; however, a generic protocol can be found in the Materials and Methods section."

"Measurement variance was examined following the development of the LFC model, and was therefore used simply as a confirmation of this model."

The conclusion that highly expressed genes will rarely have a 2-fold change in mRNA levels and that lowly expressed genes will commonly have a greater than 2-fold change led to the development of a model that would accommodate for this real biological characteristic of gene expression measurements.

"In the data set that was used for illustrating the development of the LFC-model, duplicate measures were available for one of the four treatments."

MR initiated the development of robust mathematical techniques to evaluate microarray data at the Nestlé Research Center.

An equivalent presentation for intron conservation data is under development.

"At this stage in our development of the sequence alignments, there are well-established and distinct patterns of sequence conservation and variation."

"Thus, at this stage in the development of the alignments, the most conserved regions ( i.e., hour hand regions) and semi-conserved regions ( i.e., minute hand regions) have been aligned with high confidence."

The process of generating these secondary structure diagrams occurs in parallel with the development of the sequence alignments.

"The development of a single chip containing the complete gene set for a given tissue or for a complex organism (30,000 to 60,000 genes) is likely in the near future, so it is paramount that chip manufacturers avoid these problems [ 7 ] . In this report, we demonstrate that microarray technology continues to be a dynamic and developing process and highlight potential pitfalls that must be addressed when interpreting data."

"However, as demonstrated by our findings, the development of a standardized microarray system is needed to obtain more meaningful data from these experiments."

"Affymetrix microarrays are used by many laboratories to study differences in gene expression associated with experimental treatments, diseases, development, aging, and other conditions."

"Molecular methods, such as the evaluation of hormone receptors in breast carcinoma, have been effectively employed to further characterize tumors [ 1 ] . Nucleic acid array-based technologies extend molecular characterization by providing a biochemical snapshot, or profile, of cellular activity that encompasses thousands of gene products [ 2 ] . Potential applications beyond diagnosis and prognosis are diverse, and include treatment response stratification of patients in clinical trials, assessment of relevance to human safety of drug-associated tumors in animal carcinogenicity studies, and the development of more pertinent animal xenograft models of cancer therapy."

"In higher eukaryotes, many genes feature differential spatial-temporal expression during development and throughout the life cycle of the organism."

"As many genomic techniques are generating increasingly large amounts of molecular data, new tools such as this will be required for the synthesis of ""parts into pathways"" in order that we may understand how cells regulate the many processes necessary for growth and development."

"1, induces the spontaneous oscillations in cAMP observed during the early development of D. discoideum."

"In order to facilitate the development of sequence analysis applications based on the USM state space, the software library of functions written to calculate the USM coordinates is provided with the web-based implementation (see address above)."

We next interchanged the test and training sets and used the same three rule development strategies.

"The development of disease classifiers using routine analysis proved to be straightforward, and resulted in excellent performance in both the test and training sets (e.g."

"In particular, if experimental bias and noise effects can be excluded, this region may prove to offer the optimum for ovarian cancer diagnostic test development."

"As with all clinical test development, confirmation of results in independent laboratories running blinded samples will remain the gold standard in ruling out the possible effects of bias, unless the sample set itself contains the bias."

"In the quest to determine Arabidopsis TF function and establish the regulatory networks that control the expression of all Arabidopsis genes, the development of a web-based resource that divides TFs into families and allows the rapid download of any Arabidopsis TF sequence and the fast identification of mutants, linked to the possible sequences to which these TFs may bind in the Arabidopsis genome is of pressing urgency."

Providing these resources and starting to link TFs to target genes is the basic motivation behind the development of AGRIS.

"The web pages were developed using JavaServer Page (JSP) technology, because of its rapid development and easy maintainability qualities in development of dynamically-generated web pages and takes advantage of the java technology provided by the Apache Tomcat server http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat."

"Overall, the collective effect of resveratrol would be to decrease endothelial injury and exposure of the subendothelial matrix, which would lessen the probability of formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the development of CHD [ 53, 54, 55]."

Color development was achieved by incubating the membrane in substrate [(5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate-nitrobluetetra-zolium chloride) (BCIP-NBT)].

The anti-resorbing agent 17β-estradiol is especially noteworthy because of the association of its decline at menopause with the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

"Development of osteosclerosis and the disappearance of the marrow space in these estrogen-treated mice is an interesting and useful model since marrow stromal cells not only contain the precursors for osteogenic cell lineages, but they also exert important effects on osteoclastogenesis and lymphopoiesis, and modulate the effects of some systemic factors of bone turnover."

The ultrastructural alterations identified in estrogen-treated mice were very likely the cellular functional basis for the decreased resorption and development of osteosclerosis in estrogen-treated mice.

"Future studies should also assess the temporal development of functional changes in the osteoclast populations during estrogen treatment, and the patterns of osteoclast death with special attention to apoptosis."

Girasole et al have recently shown that production of IL-6 is inhibited in vitro by exposure of marrow cells to 17β-estradiol; cultures of mouse bone cells showed suppressed osteoclast development when exposed to either 17β-estradiol or a neutralizing antibody to Il-6 [ 31].

Future in vivo studies combining estradiol and selected interleukins may further elucidate how the network of signals from the marrow microenvironment influences both Ocl development and Ocl function.

"Shortly after injury, these small cytokines are primarily produced by fibroblasts, chemoattract leukocytes and activate their integrins causing them to adhere strongly to the endothelial cells as a prelude to their migration through the blood vessel wall to the underlying tissue and towards the source of the chemokine [ 5 ] . In addition to these functions during the early stages of wound healing, these small cytokines are also known to be involved in re-epithelialization, angiogenesis and granulation tissue development [ 3 6 7 8 ] , processes that are critical for proper healing."

"The work presented here shows that cCAF, the IL-8 of chickens, stimulates expression of several ECM molecules important in development of the granulation tissue."

This is the first demonstration that treatment of wounds with a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic chemokine accelerates development of the granulation tissue during healing by stimulating the precocious deposition of ECM molecules that are critical for proper healing.

"In the case of IP-10, it has been shown that in transgenic mice treated with this chemokine, wounds heal poorly and exhibit defects in angiogenesis and development of the granulation tissue [ 8 ] ."

"Our results strongly suggest that cCAF plays an important role in wound repair by activating fibroblasts to form early granulation tissue, through cell migration, myofibroblast differentiation and production/accumulation of ECM molecules that are critical for proper development of the healing tissue of wounds."

Transformation plates were incubated at either 23 or 30°C for 4-5 days and then stored at 4°C for one week to allow further development of the red color.

"Myosin II, a key component of this actin-based cytoskeleton, has been shown to be essential for cytokinesis of D. discoideum cells in suspension as well as for efficient chemotaxis and morphogenetic changes in shape during development) [ 1 2 3 ] . All of these roles require myosin II to be in the form of thick filaments."

"Previously we have examined the protein-protein interactions of proHB-EGF with the cell-surface CD9 antigen [ 9 ] . The CD9 antigen is found on a wide variety of tissue and cell types and has been reported to be involved in such cellular processes as B-cell development, cell metastasis, platelet activation and adhesion, and cell motility [ 14 15 ] . CD9 antigen is a member of the tetraspanin superfamily and consists of two extracellular domains sandwiched between four highly-conserved hydrophobic transmembrane domains [ 14 15 ] . The second extracellular domain (75-130 amino acids) is larger than the first extracellular domain (20-27 amino acids)."

The interactions of LTBP-3 and fibulin-1C with the extracellular domain of proHB-EGF may provide further insights into the roles that these proteins play in cellular and tissue development processes.

"In contrast, dark-grown seedlings undergo skotomorphogenesis (or etiolation), typified by elongated hypocotols and closed cotyledons [ 1 ] . COP1 was first identified through genetic screens as a negative regulator of light regulated development in Arabidopsis [ 2 ] . Arabidopsis cop1 mutant seedlings are constitutively photomorphogenic even when grown in the dark, and the severe cop1 mutants cause lethality in the late seedling stage, indicating that COP1 is essential for plant development [ 2 3 ] . Arabidopsis COP1 (Arabidopsis thaliana COP1, AtCOP1) is essential for the proteasome-dependent degradation of two transcription factors, HY5 and HYH [ 4 5 ] . These two homologous bZIP-type transcription factors directly interact with AtCOP1 and are capable of binding to light-responsive promoters to activate the transcription of many target genes [ 5 6 ] . Genome wide micro-array analysis shows that AtCOP1 regulates most, if not all, of the light-responsive genes under various light conditions [ 7 8 ] , substantiating the notion that AtCOP1 functions as a crucial developmental switch through targeting key transcription factors for degradation, thereby controlling the light-responsive gene expression and photomorphogenic development."

"In contrast, dark-grown seedlings undergo skotomorphogenesis (or etiolation), typified by elongated hypocotols and closed cotyledons [ 1 ] . COP1 was first identified through genetic screens as a negative regulator of light regulated development in Arabidopsis [ 2 ] . Arabidopsis cop1 mutant seedlings are constitutively photomorphogenic even when grown in the dark, and the severe cop1 mutants cause lethality in the late seedling stage, indicating that COP1 is essential for plant development [ 2 3 ] . Arabidopsis COP1 (Arabidopsis thaliana COP1, AtCOP1) is essential for the proteasome-dependent degradation of two transcription factors, HY5 and HYH [ 4 5 ] . These two homologous bZIP-type transcription factors directly interact with AtCOP1 and are capable of binding to light-responsive promoters to activate the transcription of many target genes [ 5 6 ] . Genome wide micro-array analysis shows that AtCOP1 regulates most, if not all, of the light-responsive genes under various light conditions [ 7 8 ] , substantiating the notion that AtCOP1 functions as a crucial developmental switch through targeting key transcription factors for degradation, thereby controlling the light-responsive gene expression and photomorphogenic development."

"In contrast, dark-grown seedlings undergo skotomorphogenesis (or etiolation), typified by elongated hypocotols and closed cotyledons [ 1 ] . COP1 was first identified through genetic screens as a negative regulator of light regulated development in Arabidopsis [ 2 ] . Arabidopsis cop1 mutant seedlings are constitutively photomorphogenic even when grown in the dark, and the severe cop1 mutants cause lethality in the late seedling stage, indicating that COP1 is essential for plant development [ 2 3 ] . Arabidopsis COP1 (Arabidopsis thaliana COP1, AtCOP1) is essential for the proteasome-dependent degradation of two transcription factors, HY5 and HYH [ 4 5 ] . These two homologous bZIP-type transcription factors directly interact with AtCOP1 and are capable of binding to light-responsive promoters to activate the transcription of many target genes [ 5 6 ] . Genome wide micro-array analysis shows that AtCOP1 regulates most, if not all, of the light-responsive genes under various light conditions [ 7 8 ] , substantiating the notion that AtCOP1 functions as a crucial developmental switch through targeting key transcription factors for degradation, thereby controlling the light-responsive gene expression and photomorphogenic development."

Studies of PP5 and its homologs in cultured cells and various organisms also suggest it may play a role in development [ 5 6 ] or during rapid cell growth [ 2 7 ] .

GABA signaling plays several roles in neuronal development.

"Early in CNS development, GABA can modulate neuron progenitor proliferation as well as neuron migration, survival and differentiation [ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]."

"Later, during postnatal development, normal GABAergic input is required for activity-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex as shown in the Gad2 knockout mouse [ 15, 16]."

"In addition to these functions in the developing CNS, GABA signaling is also required for the normal development of non-neural tissues."

"Targeted mutations of the Gad1 gene lead to defective development of the secondary palate [ 17, 18]."

The cleft palate phenotype of the Gad1 mutants suggests the involvement of GABA-mediated signals in the normal development and differentiation of a structure derived from the oral epithelium and neural crest ecto-mesenchyme.

"This intriguing genetic evidence indicates a role for GABA-mediated signaling in the development of a non-neural structure, the secondary palate."

The potential for this pathway to be involved in the early development of additional non-neural tissues has not yet been thoroughly explored [ 23].

The earlier activation of Gad1 in the forelimb reflects the normal temporal order of events in limb development.

"Expression was activated in a posterior to anterior (towards the nose) progression in the lateral nasal and maxillary rows, reflecting the pattern of vibrissal development [ 29]."

The expression results reported here show that Gad1 was activated in several tissues outside of the central nervous system during mouse development.

As development proceeded Gad1 was detected in pharyngeal endoderm and in the ectodermal placodes of the vibrissae.

"During embryogenesis, post-transcriptional regulation occurs by alternative splicing during embryonic development in rats and mice [ 32, 33]."

"Previously reported sites of embryonic Gad1 expression outside of the brain and spinal cord during rodent development include the lens fibers and the olfactory pit [ 38, 39]."

"Our results document localized expression of Gad1 at additional non-CNS sites in the mouse embryo, suggesting a potential role for GABA signaling in the development of these structures."

The genetic data strongly suggest that GABA acts through GABA A receptors to modulate the development of this tissue.

The localized and dynamic expression pattern of Gad1 suggests a wider role for GAD and GABA in the development of non-neural tissues than was previously known.

"In addition, mice lacking a single Hnf3 α allele have no observable phenotype, so that introduction of transgenes into this locus will not inherently affect embryonic development [ 14, 15]."

5 days of embryonic development.

Aggregates that formed blastocysts after overnight culture were allowed to continue their development in utero by transferring them to a pseudopregnant surrogate mother.

"Recent developments in the understanding of the role of mesenchymal cells and their products in regulation of proliferation and differentiation of tissue cells were initiated more than seventy years ago, when Alexis Carrel demonstrated that leukocyte extracts, like embryonic tissue extracts, stimulate multiplication of fibroblasts in vitro, and suggested that leukocytes can bring growth- activating substances to tissue-specific cells [ 11]."

"The relationship of mesenchymal and epithelial cells appears to be tissue-specific and established during the critical period of development, which coincides with the end of the immune adaptation [ 9]."

The extent to which epithelial cells are stimulated to differentiate by mesenchymal cells is dependent on the extent to which the particular tissue differentiates during the critical period of development [ 9].

"Epigenetic programing of the ""stop effect"" appears to depend on the extent of differentiation of tissue cells during critical period of development, such as termination of the immune adaptation."

"When bovine somatic cells were transferred into preactivated recipient oocytes, the resulting reconstructed embryo development was limited, since all embryos arrested at the 8-cell stage regardless of the cell cycle of the donor cells [ 14]."

Development of Reconstructed Embryos

"This phenomenon is considered to involve nuclear structural changes, such as nuclear envelope breakdown, premature chromosome condensation and pronuclear development and swelling [ 27, 28, 29]."

"Therefore, our results clearly indicate that porcine M I oocytes like M II oocytes have the ability to reprogram confluent somatic cell nuclei as determined by nuclear remodeling and in vitro development."

"It is known that pronuclear exchange between zygotes does not prevent development of the reconstructed embryos [ 39] but transfer of donor nuclei from later developmental stages into enucleated zygotes brings about restricted development [ 40, 41]."

"It is known that pronuclear exchange between zygotes does not prevent development of the reconstructed embryos [ 39] but transfer of donor nuclei from later developmental stages into enucleated zygotes brings about restricted development [ 40, 41]."

It is possible that optimization of methods for activation improves the development of embryos reconstituted with M I oocytes.

Development of Reconstructed Embryos

"Similar demonstrations performed in other insects [ 6], leeches [ 7], nematodes [ 8], ascidians [ 9], and zebrafish neural crest [ 10] indicate that lateral inhibition operates in diverse developmental contexts throughout metazoan development."

To investigate further the role of Notch-mediated cell-cell signaling in vertebrate neural development we have tested neural pattern formation in zebrafish embryos.

"We examined the RNA expression patterns of delta and notch genes using a sensitive fluorescent detection method, choosing as our timepoint 24 h (hours of development at 28."

"Together, these observations suggest that a subset of neural precursors and cells specified for neuronal development express dlA , dlB and dlD ."

"isl1 -positive cells from notochord and floorplate, presumed sources of signals that induce motor neuron development [ 47]."

"Although we do not know the normal fates of the cells that replaced ablated primary motor neurons, these observations are consistent with the possibility that, during normal development, primary motor neurons inhibit neighboring cells from adopting a primary motor neuron fate."

"To further test the role of Delta-Notch mediated lateral inhibition in zebrafish neurogenesis, we examined embryos homozygous for a missense mutation of dlA ( dlA dx2 ). We previously described the effect of this mutation on development of floorplate, notochord and hypochord [ 37] and dorsal spinal sensory neurons and neural crest [ 38]."

"This indicates that disruption of Delta-Notch signaling causes development of excess primary motor neurons, which have identities appropriate for their positions in the neural tube."

"This indicates that, in flies, precursors express Delta and that those specified for neuroblast development downregulate its expression."

Genetic analyses of fly development then led to the view that lateral inhibition is mediated by interaction of Delta and Notch proteins expressed on neighboring cells [ 12].

"Following color development, the embryos were treated with 2 N NaOH for 1 hr, washed with PBSTx (phosphate buffered saline with 0.01% TritonX-100), blocked 1 hr in PBDTx (PBS, 1% DMSO, 0.01% TritonX-100 plus 2% sheep serum and 2 mg/ml BSA, then incubated 2 hr with anti-BrdU (monoclonal G3G4, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank)."

"This requires the integration of transcriptomic, proteomic, phenomic, and bioinformatic approaches, not least because development, in its most basic sense, is genes plus context [ 19 20 21 22 ] ."

"This modified expression of genes and proteins associated with the inhibition of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis, as well as the increased activation of proapoptotic and compensatory antiapoptotic pathways, provides a ""snapshot"" of the broad primary and secondary effects of NF-κB signaling during SMG development."

"2 arrest, as well as apoptosis via p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways [ 50 51 52 ] . The presence of a dysplastic SMG phenotype in E2f1 -/-mice indicates that E2F1 plays an important role during SMG development [ 53 ] . Moreover, E2F1 overexpression in human salivary gland (HSG) cells diverted these cells into an apoptotic pathway [ 54 ] ."

"However, others have shown that lower doses ≤ 100 μg/ml of SN50 specifically inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and murine T cells [ 33 63 ] . These reported differences are likely due to dose-dependent or cell-specific differences in the effect of SN50 [ 64 ] . Given that: (1) embryonic SMGs were cultured in the presence of 100 μg/ml SN50, (2) immunodetectable NF-κB was absent from SMG epithelia nuclei in TNF + SN50-treated explants, and (3) one cannot extrapolate observations in Jurkat cells to those in primary cells [ 64 ] or organ cultures, it is most probable that our observed interruption of SMG development is proximately due exclusively to the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation."

"It is essential for animal development, immune system function, and wound repair."

"These animals are transparent and anatomically simple, so cell migrations can be followed in the living animal at all stages of development by fluorescence microscopy of GFP fusion proteins or by Nomarski microscopy."

"Later in development, mec-17 also contributes to the maintenance of mec-3 expression [ 16]."

"Abnormal anterior segment development is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), an important risk factor for the blinding disease glaucoma [ 1]."

"The molecular mechanisms responsible for normal or abnormal development of the iridocorneal angle, its structures, and increased resistance to aqueous drainage in glaucoma are not well defined."

"Cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation are important for the development of this ocular region."

"As TM development proceeds the cellular mass differentiates, organizes and develops channels to produce the mature meshwork."

Some of these theories propose atrophy or resorption of the mesenchyme as development progresses to create the structures and spaces important for aqueous drainage while others propose a reorganization of cells with no cell death or atrophy.

Whether cell death or atrophy occurs during TM and iridocorneal angle development remains controversial.

The mouse represents an important experimental model for understanding mammalian development and diseases caused by its abnormalities.

"In studied mammalian species, iridocorneal angle development is incomplete at birth."

"Although various studies have characterized in detail the prenatal development of the mouse eye there is very little published about the normal structure or postnatal development of the mouse iridocorneal angle [ 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27]."

"Although various studies have characterized in detail the prenatal development of the mouse eye there is very little published about the normal structure or postnatal development of the mouse iridocorneal angle [ 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27]."

"We present a light and electron microscopic (EM) evaluation of iridocorneal angle development in staged embryos and through eight postnatal weeks, when the angle structures have reached full maturity."

Prenatal development

"This study of the prenatal development of the C57BL/6J iridocorneal angle, essentially agrees with published reports of general ocular development for the strains CFI-S [ 24] and Ha/1CR [ 22]."

"This study of the prenatal development of the C57BL/6J iridocorneal angle, essentially agrees with published reports of general ocular development for the strains CFI-S [ 24] and Ha/1CR [ 22]."

Postnatal development

"To further understand iridocorneal angle development, we analyzed stages involving significant changes in the TM and SC using EM."

Absence of cell death in angle development

It is probable that all normal cell death during development utilizes pathways of programmed cell death (PCD) [ 28].

"As a final assessment of a role for cell death pathways, we determined whether absence of the FAS and FASL initiators of cell death alter iridocorneal angle development and morphology."

This indicates that these pro-apoptotic molecules are not required for normal iridocorneal angle development.

"Our findings extend those of previous studies that did not focus on the iridocorneal angle or did not study its development to maturity [ 22, 23, 24, 25, 26]."

"Although there is evidence for a role of most of these processes in iridocorneal angle development and intertrabecular space opening (see [ 17]), the role of cell death or atrophy is controversial."

Macrophages also can elicit cell death in normal development (see [ 32]).

"Macrophages were reported in the developing mouse (B6) anterior chamber and a model of TM development including cell death was proposed, but no cell death was recorded [ 26]."

No evidence for cell death during mouse angle development

"Finally, development of the angle in Fas and Fasl null mice was normal indicating this system of cell death regulators that can kill TM cells [ 30] is not required for TM channel formation."

"Based on these observations, we conclude that neither apoptosis nor necrosis are important mechanisms in development of the mouse TM and iridocorneal angle."

"Thus, we suggest that the macrophages previously reported in TM of mice (and possibly some other species) were involved in the process of pupillary membrane regression and were sometimes deposited in the TM but were not significant for TM development."

The demonstration of cell death in a SD strain of rats has fueled the debate about mechanisms of iridocorneal angle development [ 18].

"Given the similarities in developmental stages between both B6 and A.BY/SnJ mouse strains and humans, and the similar timing and progression of angle development in mice and rats, it seems unlikely that mechanisms of angle morphogenesis would differ between mice and rats."

Our results support a model of mesenchymal differentiation and iridocorneal angle development that involves reorganization of cellular and extracellular matrix components without cell death or atrophy.

"For general anterior segment development, this is supported by the observations that genetic deficiency of transcription factors such as PAX6, PITX2, FOXC1 [ 44, 45], and LMX1B that are expressed in the periocular mesenchyme results in anterior segment dysgenesis in both humans and mice [ 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54]."

This is partly due to limited documentation of the sequence of events underlying iridocorneal angle development and limited documentation of the mature angle structures in mice.

The current study provides important baseline information for mechanistic studies of angle development in the existing mouse models of anterior segment dysgenesis.

"Additionally, it will facilitate experiments with mutant mice to determine how newly identified genes function in angle development and how the pathways in which they participate overlap or interact with each other."

"To determine if absence of the cell death mediators FAS and FASL alter iridocorneal angle development and morphology, we assessed five mice (approximately P70) of each of the mutant strains B6.MRL- Fas lpr and B6Smn.C3H- Fasl gld , which respectively lack functional FAS and FASL [ 55, 56, 57, 58]."

Iridocorneal angle development is somewhat variable both temporally and spatially within a single eye and between eyes.

"Similar Cre reporter strains have been produced using different promoters to express lacZ [ [ 6 7 8 9 ] ], Another variation on this theme has been the development of the Z/AP reporter strain, which switches from lacZ to alkaline phosphatase expression upon exposure to Cre recombinase activity [ 10]."

"Furthermore, by using modified forms of Cre whose recombinase activity is inducible, one can use these reporter mice to perform detailed analysis on the lineage of cells at different time points during development."

Embryological literature includes a broad array of descriptions of development in one organism or another.

"A monophyletic ancestry for the vertebrates, with the possible exception of cyclostomes, implies that some common inherited mechanistic themes exist for development."

Development in many of the approximately fifty orders of fishes remains unknown.

"Their adult anatomy and distribution have been used to construct phylogenies for actinopterygian evolution, and details of their embryonic development are likely to have similar usefulness."

Most previous work on the early embryonic development of

Much of the description of early embryonic development in the garpike is based on material that was badly distorted by harsh fixation procedures.

"Recent embryological study of the garpike either has been restricted to the development of specific structures in older embryos, e.g. [ 10], or has been reported in sketchy fashion ancillary to studies with another purpose, e.g. [ 11]."

We took a fresh look at this animal to describe in familiar terms the sequence of events during its development.

"Studies of those groups [ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17] illustrated the marked differences in development among them."

"For example, development of the sturgeon is relatively frog-like and the bowfin is much more similar to teleosts in its gastrulation pattern."

"We found that garpike development differs from that of the basal fish listed above, as well as teleosts."

"We list short-term rates for early stages of development, at several temperatures, in the following paragraphs."

Development for this batch was not timed past six days because travel arrangements precluded it.

"3A, 3B, 3C) - This stage begins the blastula phase of garpike development."

Development of the adhesive organ produces a bean-shaped swelling anterior to the brain.

"Study of their development is an appropriate sequel to previous work on members of the Chondrostei - the paddlefish, Polyodon [ 12] and the sturgeons."

"The teleost ysl has important mechanical and communications functions in early development [ 19, 20, 21]."

"Garpike embryos, however, possess combinations of features whose investigation should prove valuable in the areas of development, evolution and taxonomy."

"Furthermore, identification of ESTs derived from mouse and human embryonic cDNA libraries along with our Northern data on mouse embryo RNA indicate that mNoc is expressed early in development."

"In the latter experiments the effects of proteolysis and its inhibition on the development of the olfactory nerve itself were tested using axonal, glial and neuronal outgrowth markers."

Unilateral insertion of PB coated beads into the olfactory placode of stage 17 embryos did not disrupt the development of either axonal or glial components of the olfactory nerve between stages 18-21 (Table 3).

"As the length of each developmental stage varies [ 22 ] , it is difficult to determine precisely the amount of time by which biochemical development of the axons is accelerated."

Implantation of trypsin coated beads at stage 17 had no effect on either the timing of nerve development (axonal or glial) or the biochemical differentiation of the axons.

The use of these beads is an established method widely utilized to deliver exogenous proteins during development.

"For example, in their study of limb development, Fallon et al."

The basis for the development of this planar or tissue polarity has principally been studied in Drosophila [ 1 2 3 4 ] where it is under the control of the frizzled ( fz ) pathway [ 5 ] . Many Drosophila epidermal cells produce cuticular hairs that are outgrowths from the apical surface of pupal epidermal cells.

The development of epidermal hairs has principally been studied on the wing where each pupal cell produces a single distally pointing hair.

"To determine if the fz pathway played a role in arista development we examined the aristae of various fz pathway mutants [ 1 5 ] . We found that multiple wing hairs ( mwh ), which results in an average of almost 4 hairs per cell on the wing also resulted in the formation of multipled and branched laterals."

"The altered location for lateral initiation in fz and other mutants was similar to their phenotype in the wing [ 5 ] . Prior to hair initiation in wing cells Fz, Dsh, Fmi and Dgo accumulate on the distal side of wing cells (Stan and Dgo are also thought to accumulate on the proximal side) [ 9 10 11 12 13 ] . To see if this could be the case for lateral development we examined the distribution of Fz in developing arista using a Fz-GFP encoding transgene gene."

We next attempted to determine the critical time for in function in lateral development using temperature shift experiments with the temperature sensitive allele in II53 [ 20 ] . On the wing this allele results in a large phenotypic difference when pupae grown at the restrictive versus permissive temperatures.

Lateral growth takes place over more than 18 hours at 29°C and more than 30 hours at 18°C giving us a wide window for shift experiments [ 8 ] . In shift experiments we found that the crucial time for in function in lateral development was around the time of lateral initiation (26 hours at 29°C and 52 hrs at 18°C) (Fig.

We compared the multipled lateral phenotypes of in and fy single mutants and fy; in double mutants and found no difference consistent with in and fy functioning in the same process in lateral development (Table 1).

When we examined the development of fz mutant laterals by phalloidin staining we found that lateral initiation was not as restricted to the distal part of cells as is the case in wild type (Fig.

The distal accumulation of Fz-GFP could be detected until late in lateral development.

It was reported previously that Fmi/Stan protein accumulated to a higher level in the PI cell that forms the bristle lineage [ 22 ] . Previous experiments have shown that Fz regulates orientation of the spindle in the division of the PI cell of the bristle sense organ lineage and it has been thought that this is the way that fz regulated bristle polarity [ 4 6 ] . Our observations suggest that fz may also play a later role in specifying bristle polarity that is analogous to its role in regulating hair and lateral development.

"In this way wild type laterals resemble fz mutant wing cells [ 5 ] . Thus, early in their development laterals are not close to the junctional complex or the prominent cortical cytoskeleton at the cell periphery and are unlikely to be getting any orientation guidance in this way."

It is also worth considering that the elongated shape of the lateral forming cells becomes much more extreme as development proceeds (Fig 4) [ 8 ] . This brings the laterals close to the cell edges that are parallel to the proximal distal axis of the central core and the junctional complexes at these edges could provide orientation guidance.

Previous studies on in and fy function in regulating wing hair development have focused on their role in regulating the site for hair initiation [ 5 20 ] . Observations reported in this paper show that multiple laterals associated with in and fy mutants can arise either from independent initiation events or from the splitting of an elongating lateral.

These shift experiments showed that the essential time for in function in lateral development is around the time of lateral initiation.

This is similar to what we previously found for in function in wing hair development [ 20 ] . It is interesting that the consequences of a lack of in function in laterals are manifested some hours after the end of the in temperature sensitive period.

"Previous observations had indicated that the fz pathway functioned in the development of planar polarity in hairs, bristles and ommatidia [ 5 6 7 14 ] . Consistent with much current thinking on signal transduction pathways it has been suggested that there is a core group of fz pathway of genes that function similarly in different cell types [ 2 ] . Downstream genes would function to interpret the signal from the core group of genes in a cell type specific way."

In this paper we provide evidence that a modified version of the frizzled pathway regulates the development of arista laterals.

After observation water was removed from the slides and the pupae were then kept in a humid chamber at 25°C for further development and observations.

"Of the factors that contribute to specifying cell fate during development, Wnt proteins are among the most attractive candidates to use in such in vitro experiments."

"Wnt proteins control numerous aspects of development, ranging from stem cell control to differentiation and cell polarity [ 1 2 ] . It has been problematic however to test directly whether Wnt proteins can be used as reagents in cell culture, because working with soluble Wnt proteins is difficult and few cell lines are known to respond to Wnt proteins."

The overall pattern of gene expression observed in response to Wnt has important implications for the role of Wnt signaling in development and cancer.

"Mis-regulation of Wnt signaling leads to the development of several human cancers, including colon carcinomas and melanoma [ 1 ] . Canonical Wnt signaling initiates in the binding of a Wnt ligand to its cell surface receptor, members of the frizzled gene family, along with the co-receptor LRP5/6 [ 2 3 ] , leading to changes in the activities of cytoplasmic effectors resulting in the stabilization of beta-catenin protein."

"SL-1 is a matrix metalloproteinase that can alter ECM-mediated signaling events during development [ 29 30 31 ] . Both SL-1 and Wnt-5a have roles in mammary gland development and are elevated in certain breast cancers [ 32 33 34 35 ] , although Wnt-5a is reduced in other types of breast cancer [ 36 ] ."

"SL-1 is a matrix metalloproteinase that can alter ECM-mediated signaling events during development [ 29 30 31 ] . Both SL-1 and Wnt-5a have roles in mammary gland development and are elevated in certain breast cancers [ 32 33 34 35 ] , although Wnt-5a is reduced in other types of breast cancer [ 36 ] ."

"The initiating events of development of Dictyostelium include sensing starvation and cell density, which in turn result in the dispersed cells acquiring the ability to aggregate."

"The mechanism of sensing the density of starved cells insures that aggregation occurs only when there are sufficient numbers of starved cells to form aggregates and subsequent structures of appropriate size for optimized spore dispersal [ 2 3 4 ] . Hence, starvation and a threshold of cell density are the two known prerequisites for the transition from growth to development."

"Conditioned medium factor (CMF) is a 80 kDa glycoprotein that is essential for early development [ 3 4 10 ] . CMF is sequestered in vegetative cells and is secreted upon starvation [ 4 ] . A critical concentration of extracellular CMF is required for subsequent development as CMF is involved in regulating aggregation, cAMP pulsing, and early developmental events [ 2 3 11 ] ."

"Conditioned medium factor (CMF) is a 80 kDa glycoprotein that is essential for early development [ 3 4 10 ] . CMF is sequestered in vegetative cells and is secreted upon starvation [ 4 ] . A critical concentration of extracellular CMF is required for subsequent development as CMF is involved in regulating aggregation, cAMP pulsing, and early developmental events [ 2 3 11 ] ."

"Although recent investigations have revealed several components involved in regulating the initiation of development [ 15 16 17 18 ] , little or no information exists on how the cells sense starvation and in particular amino acid deprivation."

"Early studies indicated that depletion of amino acids and not other nutrients is essential for initiation of development [ 19 20 21 ] . Upon amino acid starvation, among other events there is a substantial decrease in the rate of initiation of protein synthesis, resulting in a reduction in size and amount of polysomes and accumulation of free ribosomes [ 19 22 23 ] . It is believed that the decrease in protein synthesis in response to starvation occurs post-transcriptionally, since adding back amino acids rapidly restores protein synthesis and does not require new mRNA synthesis [ 22 ] ."

We reasoned that a GCN2-like protein might be involved in sensing amino acid starvation in Dictyostelium and in regulating the growth to development transition.

The findings presented herein indicate that neither of the ifk genes is involved in initiating development.

However disruption of the ifkA gene resulted in several defects during the first few hours of development.

"The increased phosphorylation by IfkA normally occurs from 1 to 7 hours after the onset of development, resulting in a secondary shift from polysomes to free ribosomes for bulk mRNA."

Expression of ifkAand ifkBmRNA during growth and development

"RNA was isolated from the parental or ""wild type"" strain (Ax4) and the ifkA null strain (BS153, described below) during growth and at various times after the onset of development."

"2represents the additive mRNA levels from both genes in Ax4 during growth and development, while panel B reflects ifkB mRNA levels and panel C reflects ifkA mRNA levels."

"IfkB mRNA expression remains constant as development proceeds, while the levels of ifkA mRNA dramatically drop soon after the onset of development and remain at a low level for the remainder of development."

"IfkB mRNA expression remains constant as development proceeds, while the levels of ifkA mRNA dramatically drop soon after the onset of development and remain at a low level for the remainder of development."

"IfkB mRNA expression remains constant as development proceeds, while the levels of ifkA mRNA dramatically drop soon after the onset of development and remain at a low level for the remainder of development."

"Some of the results below, including the morphology during development, were confirmed in the other, independently isolated null strains."

BS153 and Ax4 cells were grown on bacteria and plated under standard conditions of development after removal of the bacteria.

"BS153 cells were able to develop and form fruiting bodies, indicating that if IfkA is involved in sensing amino acid starvation to initiate development this involvement is nonessential."

"However, development of BS153 cells was atypical in several ways."

"BS153 cells formed ripples, the first visual sign of aggregation, as early as 4 hours, and the tight mound stage was attained by 7 to 8 hours after the onset of development."

Development of the cells in monolayers in buffer or in conditioned medium from BS153 or Ax4 cells [ 10 ] indicated that secreted factors were involved in causing both the earlier aggregation of BS153 cells and the larger size of the resulting multicellular entities.

"One secreted factor that is involved in regulating aggregation, cAMP pulsing, and early developmental events is CMF [ 2 3 ] . CMF mRNA levels were normal in BS153 during growth and development (not shown)."

"The cAMP cell surface receptor Car1 ( carA gene) is responsible for sensing secreted cAMP and activating adenylyl cyclase ( acaA gene), which in turn results in the production and secretion of cAMP in order to relay the cAMP pulses [ 38 ] . Normally both of these genes are expressed at very low levels in growing cells, and their expression is induced during the first few hours of development, including a stimulation of expression by the cAMP pulses themselves [ 39 ] ."

RT-PCR was carried out on RNA isolated from growing cells and at various times after the onset of development of BS153 and Ax4 cells (fig.

"In the Ax4 parental strain, there was a basal level of phosphorylation of eIF2α found in growing cells, and the level was higher from 2 to 6 hours after the onset of development (fig."

"In contrast, eIF2α phosphorylation in BS153 cells remained at the basal, growth specific level throughout the times of development that were examined (the first 10 hours)."

"In Dictyostelium , a major shift in the polysome profile occurs as a result of starvation and initiation of development [ 19 23 ] . The percentage of mRNA associated with polysomes drops from about 80-90% in growing cells to 50-60% within several minutes of removal of the food source."

"However, at two hours and four hours after the onset of development evidence was found for a second, smaller magnitude polysome shift."

"Although the initial decrease in translation is a result of a different mechanism, we conclude that phosphorylation of eIF2α by IfkA from about 1 to 7 hours after the onset of development results in a further decrease in overall translation initiation and thus in a secondary shift of polysomes to free ribosomes."

"In the parental strain Ax4, the level of countin mRNA gradually decreased with time after the onset of development (fig."

"To examine this possibility, the distribution of countin mRNA within the polysome profiles of Ax4 and BS153 were examined before and after the onset of development."

"The results indicate that in the absence of IfkA and its phosphorylation of eIF2α during early development, countin mRNA is retained less well on polysomes and has fewer associated ribosomes."

"This suggests that normally during early development in the wild type strain, enhanced translation of countin mRNA occurs as a result of IfkA phosphorylating eIF2α."

"Also, it is possible that reduced association with ribosomes results in a destabilization of countin mRNA, and this might account for the more rapid loss and lower levels of countin mRNA found in BS153 cells after the onset of development."

"To examine this possibility, countin mRNA levels were examined after the inhibition of transcription, 2 hours after the onset of development, using actinomycin D [ 40 ] . After inhibition of transcription, countin mRNA was lost earlier in developing BS153 cells than in the parental Ax4 cells (fig."

"Recent findings indicate the presence of another Countin-like factor, Countin2, that is involved in regulating aggregate size [ 14 ] . Countin2 mRNA levels were found to be the same in BS153 and Ax4 during growth and development (not shown)."

"Depletion of amino acids as opposed to other nutrients such as glucose and vitamins was shown to be responsible for shutting down growth and cell division and initiating the developmental program [ 19 20 21 ] . Although substantial progress on the regulation of the initiation of development in Dictyostelium has been made [ 15 16 17 18 ] , how the cells sense starvation and in particular amino acid deprivation is unknown."

"GCN2 of yeast and mammals is a known sensor of amino acid starvation and regulates cellular responses to such starvation [ 24 25 ] . Using degenerate primers and PCR and database searching identified two GCN2-like genes in Dictyostelium , ifkA and ifkB . Thinking that one or both of these genes may play a role in sensing amino acid starvation and in initiating development, we carried out the work described herein to examine their functions."

"Although it is possible that IfkB plays a role in the transition from growth to development, we do not think it does."

"A basal level of eIF2α phosphorylation was found in growing cells, and this basal level was maintained during development in the ifkA null strain."

"Instead, only a basal and unchanging level of phosphorylation during growth and development can be attributed to IfkB."

A very early event marking the initiation of development is a substantial reduction in overall translation initiation and a concomitant major shift of ribosomes from mRNA-associated ribosomes (polysomes) to free ribosomes [ 22 23 ] . The percentage of mRNA associated with polysomes drops from about 80-90% in growing cells to 50-60% within several minutes of the removal of the food source.

"Disruption of the ifkA gene was accomplished, and several defects were found in the null strain (BS153) that indicted a role for IfkA and eIF2α phosphorylation during the first several hours of development."

Examining the morphology of the null strain revealed two major aberrations relative to the normal morphology attained during development.

"In addition, these genes are ""pulse-induced"" genes and thus their induction during early development normally is enhanced and promoted as the cAMP pulses are established [ 39 ] . The early and more abundant induction of their mRNAs in BS153 indicate that the pulsing system is functioning earlier in the absence of IfkA."

Examination of eIF2α phosphorylation in ifkA null cells indicated that the IfkA protein is responsible for increased phosphorylation eIF2α from 1 to 7 hours after the onset of development.

"The uORFs are involved mechanistically in bringing about enhanced translation initiation under conditions that otherwise favor a general decrease in translation initiation [ 25 ] . Within the 5' UTR of countin mRNA, we find uORFs similar in number and in arrangement to those of GCN4 mRNA, the major mRNA regulated by yeast GCN2 [ 25 ] . Thus, we suggest that countin mRNA, and probably other as yet identified mRNAs, are translationally upregulated when IfkA phosphorylates eIF2α during the preaggregation period, or from 1 to 7 hours after the onset of development."

Indeed we found less intracellular Countin throughout the first 8 hours after the onset of development of BS153 cells.

"In addition, there was significantly less Countin secreted during the first 8 hours of development."

"The heterogeneity of the size of the aggregates of developing BS153 might arise from the fact that extracellular countin levels eventually reach near normal levels, at about 10 to 12 hours after the onset of development."

"Since the extracellular concentrations of Countin reflect cell density, perhaps it is important to maintain a constant level of Countin production and secretion once development has been initiated."

"In summary, the findings suggest that IfkA is an eIF2α kinase of Dictyostelium that normally phosphorylates eIF2α from 1 to 7 hours after the onset of development, or during the preaggregation phase."

Cell growth and development

Cells were grown axenically in HL5 media or on SM plates with Klebsiella pneumoniae [ 45 ] . Cells grown in the presence of bacteria were using for development as described [ 46 47 ] unless otherwise stated.

"For determination of the extent of eIF2α phosphorylation, Ax4 and BS153 cells were plated for development, and samples were taken at various times."

"ifkA null cells and Ax4 cells after starvation, mid-log phase cells growing axenically were collected, washed, and resuspended in the standard development buffer (PDF, 20 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.1, 5 mM magnesium chloride, 0.5% streptomycin sulfate) at 5 × 10 6cells/ml."

"RNA was isolated, processed, and used for RT-PCR as described [ 51 52 ] . For polysome analysis, BS153 and Ax4 cells were harvest from bacterial growth plates before noticeable presence of Dictyostelium cell growth . After removal of bacteria, cells were plated for development as described above."

"After 2 and 4 hours of development, cells were collected into polysome buffer (HMK-NP40 plus cycloheximide to stabilize the polysomes)."

"For all RNA samples used in RT-PCR reactions, H7 specific oligonucleotides were used as a control; H7 mRNA is expressed at a constant level during growth and development [ 47 ] and thus monitors relative levels of RNA used in the reactions."

"Homeobox genes of the Hox class are required for proper patterning of skeletal elements [ 7 ] . The functional role of Hox genes in skeletal growth and development has been clearly demonstrated, but how they control the differentiation of specific tissues is not well understood."

"The structural rigidity of rib cartilage is greatly compromised, fatally interfering with pulmonary function, and vertebral cartilage is so weak that the skeleton often disassembles during skeletal preparation [ 1 ] . These results suggest that Hoxc-8 continues to regulate skeletal development well beyond pattern formation in a tissue-specific manner, presumably by controlling the progression of cells along the chondrocyte differentiation pathway."

"Detailed knowledge of regulatory mechanisms in endochondral ossification will be essential for strategies to manipulate chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and maturation in skeletal growth and development, osteochondrodysplasias and fracture healing."

"A similar phenotype is found in Hoxd-4 transgenic mice ( [ 1 ] and Kappen, manuscript in preparation) indicating that Hox transcription factors regulate chondrocyte development."

"While additional measurements at later stages of development would be needed to confirm whether this is a continuous trend for cartilage development in late pregnancy in Hoxc-8 overexpressing animals, these results were initially unexpected: The phenotype of Hoxc-8 transgenic animals at 17."

"While additional measurements at later stages of development would be needed to confirm whether this is a continuous trend for cartilage development in late pregnancy in Hoxc-8 overexpressing animals, these results were initially unexpected: The phenotype of Hoxc-8 transgenic animals at 17."

"As shown in Figure 8, Hoxc-8 expression is elevated in Hoxc-8 transgenic mice, as expected [ 23 ] . Differences also exist between controls and transgenics in expression levels for several genes involved in cartilage development."

"Staining of sections for BrdU incorporation was done using the Zymed BrdU staining kit with Horseradish Peroxidase, and development with DAB for 5 minutes."

"Diapause is generally characterized by a slowing of metabolism, a reduction or elimination of cell division and a cessation of morphological development, evident as a 'resting stage' [ 1 ] . Diapause occurs in response to stimuli that predict adverse environmental conditions, not in response to the conditions themselves."

"Once in diapause, development is not resumed even if conditions return to those amenable to growth."

"Until recently diapause was generally considered a physiological phenomenon, and much research had concerned the conditions that induce diapause and the endocrinology of its regulation [ 2 3 ] . Nevertheless, diapause is also a developmental process, and these previous studies did not address fundamental questions concerning development before, during and after diapause."

"More recent research has begun to focus on the molecular aspects of diapause, with studies of Bombyx morii , Sarcophaga crassipalis , and Lymantria dispar identifying genes up- and down-regulated during diapause [ 1 4 5 6 7 ] . In order to complete this picture, however, detailed descriptions of the morphological aspects of development spanning diapause are also necessary."

"The total period of egg development is reported as approximately 100 days [ 8 ] . In contrast, parthenogenetic embryogenesis is completed in approximately 10 days."

Certain aspects of aphid egg development have been elucidated in other species.

"The conditions required to induce the production of sexual males and females has been established [ 8 9 ] . There has also been work on the influence of genetic background and the environment on the duration of egg development in different species and strains [ 10 11 ] . The most comprehensive study of aphid egg development, by Behrandt [ 12 ] , suggests that it constitutes three stages: (i) a temperature dependent period of initial development, (ii) a temperature independent 'diapause' followed by (iii) temperature dependent development."

"The conditions required to induce the production of sexual males and females has been established [ 8 9 ] . There has also been work on the influence of genetic background and the environment on the duration of egg development in different species and strains [ 10 11 ] . The most comprehensive study of aphid egg development, by Behrandt [ 12 ] , suggests that it constitutes three stages: (i) a temperature dependent period of initial development, (ii) a temperature independent 'diapause' followed by (iii) temperature dependent development."

"The conditions required to induce the production of sexual males and females has been established [ 8 9 ] . There has also been work on the influence of genetic background and the environment on the duration of egg development in different species and strains [ 10 11 ] . The most comprehensive study of aphid egg development, by Behrandt [ 12 ] , suggests that it constitutes three stages: (i) a temperature dependent period of initial development, (ii) a temperature independent 'diapause' followed by (iii) temperature dependent development."

"The conditions required to induce the production of sexual males and females has been established [ 8 9 ] . There has also been work on the influence of genetic background and the environment on the duration of egg development in different species and strains [ 10 11 ] . The most comprehensive study of aphid egg development, by Behrandt [ 12 ] , suggests that it constitutes three stages: (i) a temperature dependent period of initial development, (ii) a temperature independent 'diapause' followed by (iii) temperature dependent development."

"Additionally, development is only completed successfully if the eggs are chilled for at least a short period of time during early development."

"Additionally, development is only completed successfully if the eggs are chilled for at least a short period of time during early development."

Here we present a description of the development of sexually-produced pea aphid embryos.

"We maintained embryos under conditions that mimic those experienced naturally (0-4°C), and tracked their development through sampling and dissection."

"In aphids, and most other insects, however, there is a strong relationship between temperature and developmental rate [ 19 ] . In order, therefore, to determine whether any resting stage we observed at 0-4°C was truly diapause and not a consequence of low rearing temperatures, we also tracked the development of embryos maintained under warmer conditions (10°C and 16°C)."

"Further, to determine whether there was a cessation of cell division at any point during development, we immunostained the embryos with anti-Histone H3, which identifies cells undergoing mitosis."

"Finally, we tested whether putatively diapausing embryos could resume development and hatch earlier than the reported 100 days [ 8 ] by transferring embryos from 0-4°C to 16°C at day 49 and tracking their development."

"Finally, we tested whether putatively diapausing embryos could resume development and hatch earlier than the reported 100 days [ 8 ] by transferring embryos from 0-4°C to 16°C at day 49 and tracking their development."

"We show that under winter-like conditions, development is continuous but slow, and progresses in a temperature independent manner for part of the time."

"The data indicate that A. pisum undergoes a type of diapause, but one that is different from the 'cessation of development' presented as diapause in many other insects."

Embryonic development at 0-4°C

The first 15 days of development at 16°C of a sexually produced A. pisum embryo has been described previously by Miura et al.

Figure 3shows the changes in length of the body and third leg from day 21 to completion of development for all three temperature regimes.

Figure 2illustrates the development of an embryo maintained at 4°C days and 0°C nights from day 15 - 85.

Embryonic development at 10°C

"Embryonic development at 10°C suggests that early development of the sexually-produced A. pisum embryo, particularly before katatrepsis, is temperature independent."

"Embryonic development at 10°C suggests that early development of the sexually-produced A. pisum embryo, particularly before katatrepsis, is temperature independent."

"Late development of the sexually-produced A. pisum embryo, particularly during and after katatrepsis, appeared to be temperature dependent."

Development was completed by day 77 at 10°C in contrast to day 100 at 0-4°C.

Embryonic development at 16°C

Embryonic development at 16°C again suggests that early development of the sexually-produced A. pisum embryo is temperature independent.

Embryonic development at 16°C again suggests that early development of the sexually-produced A. pisum embryo is temperature independent.

Typically the embryos showed accelerated development of part but not all of their morphology.

None of the embryos maintained at 16°C either completed development or hatched.

Embryonic development after transfer from 0-4°C to 16°C

Transferring aphids from 0-4°C to 16°C on day 49 resulted in almost immediate katatrepsis followed by a rapid completion of development (figure 7).

"This is in contrast to asexually-produced embryos where growth rate approximately doubles between 5°C and 10°C and between 10°C and 16°C [ 19 ] . In sexually-produced embryos the period of temperature independent development, or diapause, ends around katatrepsis."

"After this point development becomes temperature dependent, with more rapid growth at 10°C than at 0-4°C."

At all the temperatures tested there was no cessation of morphological development.

"This appears to be somewhat contrary to the traditional understanding of diapause, which typically involves a distinct 'resting stage' [ 1 21 ] . Much research has revealed, however, that even during the 'resting stage' there are physiological changes in the diapausing insect, leading to the concept of 'diapause development' [ 22 23 ] . Nevertheless, such development appears to be primarily physiological rather than morphological, and was defined as physiogenesis by Andrewartha (1952)."

"This appears to be somewhat contrary to the traditional understanding of diapause, which typically involves a distinct 'resting stage' [ 1 21 ] . Much research has revealed, however, that even during the 'resting stage' there are physiological changes in the diapausing insect, leading to the concept of 'diapause development' [ 22 23 ] . Nevertheless, such development appears to be primarily physiological rather than morphological, and was defined as physiogenesis by Andrewartha (1952)."

It is possible that the morphological development observed in diapausing A. pisum is exceptional.

"Alternatively, diapause in many other insects may also involve a slowing but not a cessation of morphological development."

"There are, however, a few examples of continued morphological development during diapause."

"Diapausing embryos of the orthopteran Austroicetes cruciata undergo slow development for the first two months of diapause, before entering a resting stage [ 24 ] . Similarly, caterpillars of Cirphus unipunctata and Laphygma exigua continue to feed and develop during diapause, albeit at a much-reduced rate [ 25 ] , and caterpillars of the corn-stalk borer Sesamia nonagriodes undergo non-stationary moults during diapause [ 26 ] . These examples hint that the expression of diapause-controlled dormancy may vary between species [ 2 ] . Consequently, diapause could be considered extreme regulation of developmental rate, rather than a shutting down of morphological development."

The mechanisms that control diapause in A. pisum may therefore be the same as those that control the rate of morphological development at other stages of development.

The mechanisms that control diapause in A. pisum may therefore be the same as those that control the rate of morphological development at other stages of development.

"In embryos that remained at 0-4°C until day 98, there was no obvious difference in development rate during and after diapause, and this is consistent with observations in other insects [ 1 27 ] . There must, however, be some change in condition to move development from being temperature independent to temperature dependent [ 1 ] . This change appears to be at or around katatrepsis."

"In embryos that remained at 0-4°C until day 98, there was no obvious difference in development rate during and after diapause, and this is consistent with observations in other insects [ 1 27 ] . There must, however, be some change in condition to move development from being temperature independent to temperature dependent [ 1 ] . This change appears to be at or around katatrepsis."

"Identifying what this change is, and what, if anything, it has to do with katatrepsis, will be key to understanding how the pea aphid controls development during diapause."

The genetic pathways involved in the development of A. pisum embryos must build an animal under two conditions.

"The first is slow, temperature independent development at low ambient temperatures in sexually-produced embryos, and the second is rapid temperature dependent development at higher ambient temperatures in asexually-produced embryos."

"The first is slow, temperature independent development at low ambient temperatures in sexually-produced embryos, and the second is rapid temperature dependent development at higher ambient temperatures in asexually-produced embryos."

Presumably the same pathways are involved in both processes - it would be surprising if A. pisum were to have different sets of genes for the two modes of development.

"Diapause may therefore act to limit the speed of reactions that would otherwise occur more rapidly at higher temperatures, possibly through the action of an 'inhibitory factor' [ 22 33 ] . According to this model, the higher the ambient temperature the greater the required activity of the inhibitory factor [ 33 ] . When temperatures are maintained at abnormally high temperatures (16°C), regulation may be compromised with only some aspects of development slowed."

"The one system where diapause has been well elucidated, dauer formation in the nematode C. elegans , indicates that the insulin pathway plays an important role [ 34 ] . Recent work on mutant Drosophila that mimic reproductive diapause in adults also suggests a role for insulin [ 35 36 ] . Insulin, which regulates growth in other stages of development in Drosophila [ 37 38 ] , may therefore play a similar role during A. pisum diapause."

"Since heat-shock proteins are also involved in cell cycle arrest, however, they may play a more central role in the regulation of diapause [ 1 ] . Heat-shock proteins are also typically heat inducible, and so fit with the concept of a temperature dependent 'inhibitory factor' [ 33 ] . Additionally, high levels of heat-shock proteins may disrupt development [ 41 ] , which could help explain the developmental defects observed in embryos maintained at 16°C."

If this interaction term is significantly different from zero it indicates that the slope of the relationship between length and age (rate of development) varies with temperature.

Our aim is not to criticise these theoretical developments at all.

"Of course, capturing the essence of complicated behaviour using simple models is an important step in theory development, and it is easy to challenge such models by pointing out elements or complications that are missing."

Author 2 (PS) aided the theoretical development.

"Defining which factors affect flowering is important for a better understanding of plant growth and development and offers an opportunity to study the interactions of environmental cues, chemical signals, and gene expression."

"Many plant species, including maize and other grasses are much less dependent on the photoperiod and gibberellin than Arabidopsis, suggesting that different signals may be required for flower development."

Plant height and development

One hypothesis that can be tested is the involvement of phenylpropanoid intermediates as signaling molecules in plant development.

"While comparisons between a wild type and a mutant that has been subjected to six or seven backcrosses are generally considered acceptable, there is still a small risk of linkage drag, creating the possibility that genes linked to the brown midrib genes are affecting the development."

Preliminary allelism tests indicated there are at least three different bmr loci [ 25 ] . The bmr mutants that were part of this study did not show any major abnormalities in their growth and development.

", nematodes) with a false coelom and finally to the bulk of animal phyla having a true coelom (Coelomata) [ 1 2 ] . There has never been complete agreement on animal phylogeny and classification, but most researchers have divided living coelomate animals into deuterostomes (echinoderms, hemichordates, urochordates, cephalochordates, and vertebrates) and protostomes (arthropods, annelids, mollusks, and other phyla) based on differences in early embryonic development."

"Experimental studies of invertebrates that contain only a single Runx gene (sea urchin, tunicate, and nematode) are therefore likely to highlight primitive (general) functions of this family of transcription factors in the control of cell fate, proliferation, and differentiation during metazoan development."

", segmentation in arthropods [ 15 ] , bone development in vertebrates [ 20 ] , etc.)."

"Thus, studies of Runx genes in sea urchins, tunicates, and nematodes are likely to highlight primitive, pan-bilaterian regulatory functions of this family of genes in the cell biology of animal development."

"As a consequence, mouse models are useful for identifying and characterizing the effects of causative genes necessary for glaucoma development, and for characterizing the genes and molecular pathways that participate in or modify disease progression [ 9]."

We have documented the development of a disease involving iris stromal atrophy and glaucoma in aged AKXD28 mice.

"These genes include PITX2, PITX3, PAX6, FOXC1 (previously known as FKHL7 and FREAC3), Foxc2 and FOXE3 [ 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] . Activity levels for these transcription factors normally associated with diploid gene dosage are important for normal ocular development, with heterozygosity for null mutations in most of these genes causing anterior segment dysgenesis."

"For FOXC1 and PAX6, both haploinsufficiency and increased gene dosage due to gene duplication result in abnormal ocular development [ 10 11 12 13 ] . Similarly, a mutation in PITX2 that results in increased transcriptional transactivation causes ASD [ 14 ] ."

"Although originally named because of their ability to induce bone and cartilage formation [ 15 ] , BMPs are involved in many developmental processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, and intercellular interactions during morphogenesis [ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ] . Members of the bone morphogenetic protein family function in a gene dosage dependent manner during development and participate in ocular development [ 26 27 28 29 ] . Therefore, mutations that alter the level of BMPs or alter the degree of BMP signaling are candidates to contribute to Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and other conditions involving anterior segment malformation, elevated IOP, and glaucoma."

"Although originally named because of their ability to induce bone and cartilage formation [ 15 ] , BMPs are involved in many developmental processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, and intercellular interactions during morphogenesis [ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ] . Members of the bone morphogenetic protein family function in a gene dosage dependent manner during development and participate in ocular development [ 26 27 28 29 ] . Therefore, mutations that alter the level of BMPs or alter the degree of BMP signaling are candidates to contribute to Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and other conditions involving anterior segment malformation, elevated IOP, and glaucoma."

"Bmp4 is expressed in multiple tissues during embryonic development, including the heart, lung, kidney, brain, and eye [ 19 24 ] . In the eye, Bmp4 expression is first identified in the distal optic vesicle and overlying surface ectoderm at the 8-12 somite stage and later in the dorsal portion of the developing optic cup [ 31 ] . Lens induction is absent in homozygous Bmp4 mutants and can be rescued by exogenous BMP4 protein [ 31 ] ."

The effects of decreasing Bmp4 dosage on anterior and posterior segment development have not been reported.

"Abnormalities of the iridocorneal angle included small or absent Schlemm's canal (SC), hypoplastic or absent trabecular meshwork (TM) that appeared compressed and stalled in development, and iris attachments to the peripheral cornea (synechiae."

"To investigate the consequences of functionally halving Bmp4 gene dosage on iridocorneal angle development in more detail, we used transmission electron microscopy."

The abnormalities affect a variety of anterior segment tissues including the drainage structures of the iridocorneal angle and are similar to those reported in human patients with ASD and glaucoma [ 36 37 38 ] . The absence of detectable Bmp4 expression in the drainage structures suggests that BMP4 produced by the ciliary body and/or iris may act as a growth and differentiation factor during angle development.

Bmp4affects retinal vascular development and hyaloid vascular involution

"Vertebrate retinal development is an intricate process involving complex pathways that are not completely understood [ 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 ] . Although our cell marker analysis indicates that all major retinal cell types differentiate, haploinsufficiency of BMP4 results in a variety of retinal abnormalities."

"Retinal dysplasia is characterized by palisading outer retinal cells that surround a central lumen [ 57 ] . It occurs in mice with a variety of genetic defects and in some instances is associated with abnormalities of the retinal pigment epithelium [ 58 59 60 61 62 ] . Both during development and in adult life, the retinal pigment epithelium is critical to retinal function [ 63 ] . BMP2 and 4 may act as negative growth regulators in the retinal pigment epithelium [ 64 ] . It is possible that haploinsufficiency of BMP4 in the retinal pigment epithelium may be responsible for focal retinal dysplasia and displacement of photoreceptor nuclei."

Wild-type levels of BMP4 are important for normal development of the anterior and posterior segments.

These mice provide a model to study these diseases and various processes of ocular development.

"Development of the YAC map was described previously by Engle, et al."

"In this population, insulin resistance is a major risk factor for the development of the disease [ 2], and maximal insulin action (i.e."

"Because NIDDM is a genetic disorder [ 10] and results from an imbalance between insulin sensitivity and beta cell function, we hypothesized that the A54T polymorphism of the FABP2 gene plays a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, which is one of the key determinants for the development of NIDDM [ 2]."

"Furthermore, since 1) insulin resistance is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of T2DM, 2) this polymorphism has only a very modest influence on insulin sensitivity, and 3) beta cell dysfunction, on which this polymorphism has no influence in the present study, plays a key role in the development of overt diabetes [ 2], the population association studies and linkage studies are not able to detect the interaction between this polymorphism and the diabetes phenotype."

"Furthermore, since 1) insulin resistance is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of T2DM, 2) this polymorphism has only a very modest influence on insulin sensitivity, and 3) beta cell dysfunction, on which this polymorphism has no influence in the present study, plays a key role in the development of overt diabetes [ 2], the population association studies and linkage studies are not able to detect the interaction between this polymorphism and the diabetes phenotype."

Macronuclear development

"An analogous sequence, E-cbs, has been characterized in Euplotes by sequence comparisons and analyses of DNA intermediates and products of MAC development [ 37 38 39 ] . At a fixed distance from itself, E-cbs directs a 6-nucleotide staggered cut, with a protruding 3'OH to which telomerase adds telomere repeats."

"A variety of 5'-3' exoncleases are known in eukaryotes (review: [ 68 ] ), so it is reasonable to assume such an activity operates during macronuclear development."

"Evidence suggests that gain of function in PAX7 triggers neoplastic development by maintaining cells in a deregulated, undifferentiated and proliferative state, as is seen in alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas."

"Thus far, this phenotype segregates as an autosomal recessive trait and maps to the FEOM2 locus on chromosome 11q13 [ 8 ] , and affected individuals carry homozygous mutations in ARIX [ 5 ] . ARIX encodes a homeodomain transcription factor required for nIII and nIV development in mice and zebrafish [ 22 23 ] . In families with CFEOM3, the CFEOM phenotype is variably expressed."

"ARIX, which encodes a transcription factor critical to nIII and nIV development in mice and zebrafish [ 22 23 ] , was recently identified as the FEOM2 gene mutated in affected members of CFEOM2 families [ 5 ] . It was unknown, however, if classic CFEOM may also result from mutations in this gene."

"This finding is consistent with our prediction that, compared to ARIX, the genes mutated in CFEOM1 may have a more restricted function in the development of nIII and that their expression may actually be regulated by ARIX."

"This study revealed absence of the superior division of the oculomotor nerve and the corresponding central caudal and medial nIII subnuclei, and marked abnormalities of the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles [ 4 ] . These findings suggest that while ARIX is necessary for both nIII and nIV development, the CFEOM1 genes may be necessary for the development of only these two specific nIII subnuclei."

"This study revealed absence of the superior division of the oculomotor nerve and the corresponding central caudal and medial nIII subnuclei, and marked abnormalities of the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles [ 4 ] . These findings suggest that while ARIX is necessary for both nIII and nIV development, the CFEOM1 genes may be necessary for the development of only these two specific nIII subnuclei."

"Once identified, we anticipate that the study of the function of these genes will contribute to our understanding of midbrain motor neuron development."

This suggests that MYOC haploinsufficiency is not causative for glaucoma and that myocilin may even be dispensable or redundant in normal human development or only important when ocular stress occurs.

"The presence of a single hs-E2F transgene gave a weak and incompletely penetrant enhancement in the absence of heat shock, and this enhancement was stronger and completely penetrant when the transgenic strain was exposed to a heat shock treatment every 24 h during third instar and early pupal development (fig."

What is the function of each of these kinesins in plant growth and development?

"The expression of both Dazl1 and Dazap1 persisted throughout testes development, in both the prenatal and postnatal periods."

The expression of DAZAP1 during germ cell development paralleled that of DAZL (Figure 5).

Nucleoplasmin is the most abundant protein in the Xenopus oocyte nucleus and is the protein for which the term molecular chaperone was coined due to its multiple roles in the assembly of nucleosomes during early frog development [ 1 ] . Nucleoplasmin forms a pentamer and its stretches of acidic residues bind to histone H2A and H2B.

The development of distinct tissue and cell types is a fundamental characteristic of growth in higher organisms.

"In particular, the identities of five Antennapedia -like homeobox genes have been disclosed from both our and the Spanish asexual strains [ 11 26 ] . These findings imply that PEVE may affect other asexual strains of planaria, thus paving the way for the development of transgenic planaria using the planarian viral sequences as vectors for introduction of exogenous DNA into planarian cells."

"Among the 30,000 - 40,000 human genes [ 1 2 ] , an expanding list of genes has been shown to be involved in cancer development and progression."

"First, cancers are often detected at a late stage in development, after multiple genetic and epigenetic changes have rendered the cancer metastatic and highly refractory even to harsh treatment."

"The development of high throughput genomic technologies enables us to screen thousands of genes simultaneously for the informative genes, yet the power of these technologies is greatly attenuated when inappropriate samples are studied."

This observation motivates the development of experimental protocols that allow application of genomic technologies to minute amounts of biological materials.

"Concomitant with this development of asymmetrical structure, the AAA1 protomer of the dynein motor unit evolved a functional dominance, in which it alone retains the full ability for binding and hydrolysis of ATP, while AAA2, AAA3 and AAA4 have lost the capability for hydrolysis and the most degenerate protomers AAA5 and AAA6 show no significant binding of ATP [ 20 21 22 ] . In midasin, the specialization of AAA protomers appears to have taken a less drastic course than in dynein."

[ 22 ] showed that SCYA17 potentially played a role via a paracrine mechanism in the development of allergic respiratory diseases.

TrkA plays a crucial role in the development and function of the nociceptive reception system.

The use of high-density microarray technology to identify specific genes that are expressed differently under one or more biological conditions is particularly relevant to drug discovery and development.

"Deletion of the 13q region is associated with human 13q syndrome, a developmental disorder [ 24 ] . Some of the proteoglycans play important functional roles in neurogenesis, axon guidance, synapse development [ 25 ] , and cellular growth and differentiation [ 26 27 23 ] . Mutations in GPC3 cause Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome [ 28 29 ] , however, no mutations were detected in the GPC5 and GPC6 genes [ 30 ] . The glypican1 gene has been suggested to be a good candidate for brachydactyly type E [ 31 ] . Given that, GPC5 is highly expressed in brain and mutations in other genes of the glypican families are associated with developmental disorder; GPC5 could be a potential candidate gene for Bipolar disorder."

SLC participated in the development of ~15 Mb map region on human chromosome 13q32.

"These include, but are by no means limited to, (i) comparisons of healthy and diseased tissue in order to understand malfunctions in regulation and identify genes essential for control, thus identifying target molecules for the development of novel therapeutics and (ii) the observation of changes in expression over time after addition of a drug to elucidate the mechanism of action of pharmaceuticals and predict their toxicology."

"Improvements in sequencing automation and analysis such as capillary electrophoresis have speeded up the process considerably and recent developments such as a sequencing method based on real-time pyrophosphate [ 16 ] , sequencing on microchips [ 17 ] , and massive parallel signature sequencing on microbead arrays [ 18 ] also contribute to the speed and depth of EST gene expression analysis."

"For example, TOX may also be involved in germinal center B lymphocyte development and/or function [ 16 ] ."

"Several other HMG-box proteins also play important roles in lymphocyte development [ 17 ] . Mice doubly deficient in lymphocyte enhancement factor-1 (LEF-1) and T cell factor-1 (TCF-1) have a complete block in development of T cells [ 18 19 ] , while deficiency of SRY-box containing protein 4 (SOX-4) in mice results in a lack of pro-B cell expansion and mild perturbation of thymocyte development [ 20 ] . Unlike these HMG-box proteins, however, we find that the HMG-box of TOX is more closely related to the DNA binding domain of sequence-independent HMG-box proteins."

"Several other HMG-box proteins also play important roles in lymphocyte development [ 17 ] . Mice doubly deficient in lymphocyte enhancement factor-1 (LEF-1) and T cell factor-1 (TCF-1) have a complete block in development of T cells [ 18 19 ] , while deficiency of SRY-box containing protein 4 (SOX-4) in mice results in a lack of pro-B cell expansion and mild perturbation of thymocyte development [ 20 ] . Unlike these HMG-box proteins, however, we find that the HMG-box of TOX is more closely related to the DNA binding domain of sequence-independent HMG-box proteins."

"Several other HMG-box proteins also play important roles in lymphocyte development [ 17 ] . Mice doubly deficient in lymphocyte enhancement factor-1 (LEF-1) and T cell factor-1 (TCF-1) have a complete block in development of T cells [ 18 19 ] , while deficiency of SRY-box containing protein 4 (SOX-4) in mice results in a lack of pro-B cell expansion and mild perturbation of thymocyte development [ 20 ] . Unlike these HMG-box proteins, however, we find that the HMG-box of TOX is more closely related to the DNA binding domain of sequence-independent HMG-box proteins."

"The history of the T locus began with the discovery in 1927 of a semi-dominant mutation in mice, named Brachyury , or T for tail, that affects both embryonic viability in homozygotes and tail development in heterozygotes [ 1 ] . This original T allele represents a deletion spanning 160-200 kb (reviewed in [ 2 ] ), the developmental effects of which have been well characterized [ 3 4 5 6 7 8 ] . Homozygous mutant embryos show a developmental failure of the notochord and posterior mesoderm, and die at midgestation."

"That observation led to the development of a system for investigating the expansion of trinucleotide repeats in yeast in which the promoter is combined with the URA3 gene, a widely used counter-selectable marker [ 19 23 ] . In our work, we took advantage of the specific spacing requirements of the ADH1 promoter to develop a novel TAR cloning procedure that allows isolation of genomic regions that lack ARS elements."

A prerequisite for development of the system was an estimate of the minimal size of targeting hooks required for TAR cloning.

"The mutagens permit direct selection of clones in which cellular genes have been disrupted and simplify the characterisation of genes associated with recessive mutations [ 1 ] . Mutagenesis of embryo-derived stem (ES) cells, coupled with in vitro genetic screens, has been widely used to analyse gene functions in mice [ 1 ] . These have included screens for mutations in developmentally regulated genes [ 2 3 4 5 ] , in genes regulated by extracellular agonists [ 6 7 ] , and in genes encoding secreted and transmembrane proteins [ 8 9 ] . Characterized mutations include genes involved in intracellular trafficking [ 10 ] , transcriptional regulation [ 11 12 ] , signal transduction [ 7 8 11 13 14 15 ] , neural development [ 16 ] and neural wiring [ 17 ] , and axial patterning [ 18 19 ] . The rapid expansion of the nucleic acid databases has had a tremendous impact on the identification of genes disrupted by gene entrapment."

"This has led to the development of tagged sequence mutagenesis, a process by which genes disrupted in ES cells are characterized at the nucleotide level prior to germline transmission [ 20 21 22 23 24 ] ."

"These have included the sequencing of randomly selected cDNAs from various tissue sources, the development of computer-based prediction programs of ever-increasing accuracy, and the direct comparison between the human genome and the genome sequences of other vertebrates and invertebrates [ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ] . Using these approaches, fully annotated genomes of numerous species will be available within a relatively short time."

"For example, the study of hamster gametes has revealed significant information concerning the mechanisms underlying species-specific sperm-egg interactions [ 11 12 13 ] and the deleterious effects of endocrine disruptors on male and female reproductive development [ 14 15 16 17 ] . The hamster, mouse and rat are all members of the family Muridae, however both mice and rats belong to the subfamily Murinae while hamsters belong to the subfamily Cricetinae."

"A recent gene discovery study performed in the testis of Drosophila melanogaster found that 47% of greater than 1500 sequenced cDNAs did not match to ESTs previously identified in this organism [ 19 ] . Likewise the testis of the cynomolgus monkey has yielded several novel gene sequences [ 8 9 ] . Therefore, we reasoned that the sequencing of ESTs from hamster testis might reveal the existence of novel genes conserved in other species that may function in controlling testicular development and/or function."

The grain-filling process of cereal development typically has two processes: dilatory and filling.

"In this manner we have identified several genes potentially involved in grain filling, and evaluate them by comparison with grain filling genes identified in an earlier study [ 1 ] . These genes have similar expression profiles showing significant differential expression during rice grain development and tissue specificity to panicle and grain."

"The decomposition of a matrix of expression levels, A , presented us with several interesting patterns for gene expression during grain development (Figure 1)."

"Given these differences, both methods agree on a majority of grain filling genes, which had very significant differential expression during grain development."

"The right singular vectors that match our preconception of a grain filling pattern of expression, for example, low expression during panicle development and increasing expression during grain development, were identified after A was decomposed."

"While analysts have predicted that very high polymorphism densities will be required for association mapping in mixed or outbred populations [see for example reference [ 7 ] ], promising results have been obtained using genome scans of 600-1200 STRPs in isolated populations where levels of linkage disequilibrium are particularly high [ 8 9 10 ] . In this manuscript we describe the development of two new 10 cM human STRP Screening Sets (Sets 12 and 52) which when combined provide average STRP spacing of 4.8 cM."

Development of human STRP Screening Sets has paralleled advances in construction of genetic and physical maps.

"The development of Screening Sets 12 and 52 will improve gene mapping in general, and specifically genome scans where a relatively high STRP density is required."

NFAT4/x has been implicated in development of immature thymocytes [ 5].

"In addition, mice deficient for Btk and PLCγ2 have similar defects in B cell development and function (reviewed in [ 30])."

"The Btk mutations found in XLA patients and the xid mouse show that Btk is required for normal B cell development, but the important pathways activated by Btk have yet to be fully identified."

Development of the parallel plate flow chamber that simulates the conditions of physiologic flow has been an important tool for dissecting the molecular events occurring between flowing leukocytes and endothelium [ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ] .

"This is particularly relevant to T Lymphocytes because of their ability to recognize antigen only if this is associated with the class I or the class II MHC molecules [ 3 ] , and also because of the unique selection process which operates within the thymus during T cell development."

"Early during T-cell development in the thymic cortex, thymocytes bear both of the T cell surface glycoproteins CD4 and CD8 and express the α and β heterodimer of the TCR [ 4 ] . Compelling data have demonstrated that CD4 and CD8 molecules participate in the selection of MHC class I or class II restricted T cells in the thymus."

"An accepted scheme of the T cell development program [ 29 30 ] has demonstrated that as immature cells enter the thymus, cycling CD4 -CD8 -precursors begin to rearrange δ, and γ genes, which generates CD4 -CD8 -, and δ +γ +cells."

"In addition, a distant relative Schnurri ( Shn ) has been identified in Drosophila [ 18 19 20 ] . Although little is known about the physiological functions of the mammalian ZAS proteins, Shn has been shown to be an important transcription regulator during embryonic development."

"Thymocyte development occurs within a complex network of cells, extracellular matrix, and secreted factors referred to as the thymic microenvironment [ 1 ] . Current evidence suggests that this microenvironment is created during fetal thymus organogenesis through stage-dependent interactions between differentiating thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and developing thymocytes [ 2 3 4 5 6 ] . Therefore, blocks at different stages of thymocyte development result in differential effects on TEC differentiation and function."

"Thymocyte development occurs within a complex network of cells, extracellular matrix, and secreted factors referred to as the thymic microenvironment [ 1 ] . Current evidence suggests that this microenvironment is created during fetal thymus organogenesis through stage-dependent interactions between differentiating thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and developing thymocytes [ 2 3 4 5 6 ] . Therefore, blocks at different stages of thymocyte development result in differential effects on TEC differentiation and function."

"Because of the complex interdependence of TEC and thymocyte differentiation, defects in fetal TEC development can be caused either directly by cell-autonomous TEC differentiation defects, or indirectly by defective thymocyte maturation."

"Cytokines produced by TECs have been shown to promote proliferation in early stages of thymocyte development, and have been proposed to regulate apoptosis and differentiation, although their precise roles remain controversial [ 23 24 ] . TECs have also been shown to promote thymocyte proliferation in SP cells after selection has occurred [ 15 ] . However, a defined role for TECs at the TN-DP transition remains elusive."

"In order to investigate the regulation of thymocyte development by TECs, we are studying Hoxa3 +/- Pax1 -/-compound mutant mice."

"Hoxa3 and Pax1 are transcription factors that act in a common pathway regulating thymus organogenesis and thymic epithelial cell development [ 29 31 32 33 34 ] . Hoxa3 +/- Pax1 -/-compound mutants have defects in TEC development including reduced numbers of TECs, fewer MHC Class II +TECs, and changes in TEC proliferation and apoptosis."

"Hoxa3 and Pax1 are transcription factors that act in a common pathway regulating thymus organogenesis and thymic epithelial cell development [ 29 31 32 33 34 ] . Hoxa3 +/- Pax1 -/-compound mutants have defects in TEC development including reduced numbers of TECs, fewer MHC Class II +TECs, and changes in TEC proliferation and apoptosis."

"We compared fetal and adult wild type mice with Hoxa3,Pax1 compound mutants [ 29 34 ] . We also assayed Rag1 -/-mice, which have defects in TEC development due to arrested thymocyte maturation at the TN3 stage [ 35 ] . We found stage-specific differences in proliferation levels between fetal and adult wild type thymocytes."

"To test whether the changes in cytokine levels were responsible for the observed thymocyte development phenotypes, we attempted to rescue these phenotypes by supplementation in fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC)."

"Cultures from control genotypes (wild type, Pax1 +/-, Hoxa3 +/-, Pax1 -/-) behaved as expected [ 41 42 43 44 45 46 ] , with addition of IL-7 causing an increase in the percentage of DN cells and a corresponding decrease in DP cells, while adding SCF had no significant effect on thymocyte development (data not shown)."

"Abnormal TEC development in both of these mutant strains resulted in both increases and decreases in thymocyte proliferation in a stage-specific manner, rather than simply an overall reduced ability to promote proliferation."

"There is considerable evidence that thymopoiesis differs in the fetal thymus during the initial creation of the microenvironment, as opposed to adult thymus function (reviewed in [ 47 ] ). Differences have been reported in responses to some cytokines, in signaling at the TN-DP transition in fetal compared to adult thymus, and in proliferation of CD4 +SP thymocytes [ 36 48 49 50 ] . The proliferation profiles of both wild type and Rag -/-fetal thymocytes support the hypothesis that fetal thymocyte maturation is fundamentally different from thymocyte development in the adult thymus."

"reported 2-10 fold reductions at every stage of thymocyte development in Rag -/-adults [ 13 ] . Recent work by Petrie, et al."

"Rag -/-mutants have a profound thymocyte development block at the TN3 to TN4/preDP transition [ 51 ] . During normal wild type fetal thymus development, significant DP cell development does not occur until E16."

"Rag -/-mutants have a profound thymocyte development block at the TN3 to TN4/preDP transition [ 51 ] . During normal wild type fetal thymus development, significant DP cell development does not occur until E16."

"Rag -/-mutants have a profound thymocyte development block at the TN3 to TN4/preDP transition [ 51 ] . During normal wild type fetal thymus development, significant DP cell development does not occur until E16."

"5 the thymic microenvironment in Rag mutants has not been exposed to abnormal thymocyte development for very long, and has not yet developed the full phenotype seen in the steady state adult Rag mutant thymus [ 35 ] ."

"For example, SCF and IL-7 have been shown to have synergistic functions [ 62 63 ] . Therefore, changes in multiple cytokines in Hoxa3 +/- Pax1 -/-mutants would be expected to have complex effects on thymocyte development that could be difficult to predict."

"A striking example is the complete absence of γδTCR +thymocyte development in IL-7 mutants, in contrast to normal γδTCR +cell development in Hoxa3 +/- Pax1 -/-mutants [ 29 ] , which have dramatically reduced IL-7 levels."

"A striking example is the complete absence of γδTCR +thymocyte development in IL-7 mutants, in contrast to normal γδTCR +cell development in Hoxa3 +/- Pax1 -/-mutants [ 29 ] , which have dramatically reduced IL-7 levels."

"This result suggests that although γδTCR +cell development requires IL-7, low levels are sufficient for this function."

"Therefore, analysis of mutants with low levels of cytokines may provide a system for uncovering both dosage-dependent requirements and later functions for these factors in promoting thymocyte development."

"Studies of IL-7R mutants showed relatively normal thymocyte maturation at fetal stages, albeit with reduced thymocyte numbers, in contrast to a severe block in thymocyte differentiation in adult thymus [ 49 ] . Analysis of cytokine mutants during fetal stages could therefore reveal a more complete picture of the role of these cytokines during fetal thymus development."

"Taken together, our results further define the role TECs play at this complex stage of thymocyte development."

"Some of the earliest changes that occur following BCR engagement are the activation of several non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), including p55 blk (Blk), p59 fyn (Fyn) and p53/56 lyn (Lyn) of the Src family [ 31 ] , Btk of the Itk/Tec family [ 32 33 ] and p72 Syk (Syk) of the Syk/ZAP-70 family [ 34 ] . The importance of Syk in BCR signaling and lymphocyte development has been clearly demonstrated using gene inactivation approaches."

"Although syk -deficient mice die perinatally, analysis of radiation chimeras reconstituted with fetal liver from syk -deficient mice has demonstrated a block in the transition from proB cells to preB cells, indicating that signal transduction through Syk is required for early B cell development [ 35 36 ] . Inactivation of the syk gene in the chicken DT40 B cell lymphoma leads to a loss in the activation of PLCγ2, the increase in intracellular free Ca 2+and the apoptotic response following engagement of the BCR."

JWH participated in the design of the studies described and in the initial development of the BCL 1 .3B3 system.

The skewed pattern of thymocyte development toward CD4 +single positive in each of the lines was similar to that observed in DO11.

Because the expression of hCARΔcyt was detected early in thymocyte development (Fig.

The proliferative responses and potential for Th1 and Th2 phenotype development were therefore examined following adenoviral transduction.

"Transduced, sorted GFP +and GFP -CD4 T cells were cultured under Th1-/Th2-polarizing conditions and examined for cytokine production following re-stimulation to determine potential effects of adenoviral transduction on effector phenotype development (Figure 4B)."

"Thus, neither hCAR expression nor adenoviral transduction alters the naïve T cell's potential for Th1 or Th2 phenotype development."

"Importantly, the expression of hCARΔcyt by T cells was stable and high-level at all stages of development, from double-negative thymocytes to Th1 and Th2 effectors."

An important consideration at the outset of these studies concerned the possibility that ectopic hCAR expression or adenoviral transduction might affect the normal development and/or function of T cells.

"For this reason, we chose to use a truncated variant of hCAR to preclude possible signaling by this molecule [ 13 ] . As evidenced by the functional data reported herein, and those from previous reports [ 14 15 ] , there does not appear to be an adverse effect of either hCARΔcyt expression or adenoviral transduction on T cell activation, development or function."

"Further, continued advances in the development of ""gutless"" adenoviral vectors that avoid expression of cytotoxic antigenic targets may alleviate immune clearance problems [ 22 23 24 ] ."

The development of newer recombinant adenoviruses containing elements for epichromosomal replication may alleviate limitations that prevent more stable in vivo expression in dividing lymphoid cells derived from hCAR transgenic mice.

It may be that the various lymphokine growth factors are differentially produced at different time points during the ontogeny of the immune system at different stages in the development of an immune response or at different sites within the body or lymphoid tissues [ 30 ] . Our studies have confirmed the importance of multiple cytokine stimulation of lymphocytes and how NK cells are crucial to the development of spontaneous cytotoxicity and are the major contributors to LAK activity in vitro when U-937 cells were used as targets.

It may be that the various lymphokine growth factors are differentially produced at different time points during the ontogeny of the immune system at different stages in the development of an immune response or at different sites within the body or lymphoid tissues [ 30 ] . Our studies have confirmed the importance of multiple cytokine stimulation of lymphocytes and how NK cells are crucial to the development of spontaneous cytotoxicity and are the major contributors to LAK activity in vitro when U-937 cells were used as targets.

"T1DM susceptibility in the NOD mouse is linked to I-A g7, the murine MHC class II gene that encodes a histidine at position 56 and a serine at position 57 in the β chain, in place of the more frequent proline 56β and aspartic acid 57β [ 3 ] . The development of diabetes is prevented in NOD.PD mice (which are NOD mice with I-A g7) that carry a β chain transgene with site-specific mutations that restore proline and aspartic acid at positions 56β and 57β, respectively [ 4 ] . Furthermore, because of the two amino acid changes in the additional (transgenic) MHC class II allele β chain in NOD.PD mice, NOD.PD mice recognize three additional peptide epitopes in the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) autoantigen [ 5 ] ."

"However, it was initially unclear whether anaphylactic reactivity also could be elicited to self peptides that have been implicated in the development of a spontaneous autoimmune disorder."

"In the present study, we show that anti-peptide autoantibodies and fatal anaphylactic reactions can be elicited by immunodominant GAD65 peptides in NOD mice that have been injected with these peptides intraperitoneally in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), as part of an attempt to induce ""tolerance"" and prevent the spontaneous development of T1DM."

"Thus, in both the EAE model [ 14 ] and the NOD T1DM model (this study, and that of Liu et al ., [ 15 ] ) some form of artificial ""immunization"" with a self peptide preparation appears to be required for the development of anaphylactic reactivity to ""self""."

"Whatever the underlying reason(s) for the development of anaphylactic reactivity to these self peptide preparations, in both the EAE and the NOD T1DM models, anaphylactic reactions occurred in mice that had developed strong IgG1 responses to the relevant self peptides, with only modest changes in total IgE levels."

"Taken together, these findings suggest that IgG1 antibodies contribute importantly to the development of anaphylaxis in both of these models."

"Although HIV infection elicits neutralizing antibodies and a cellular immune response against the virus [reviewed in [ 1 ] & [ 2 ] ] and there exist ""exposed uninfected"" (EU) individuals that appear to have acquired resistance to infection by HIV [ 3 4 ] , the hallmark of HIV infection is the almost universal inability of humans to mount an immune response that can prevent the eventual development of AIDS."

Critical epitopes may be masked by glycosyl groups and/or tertiary structure [ 13 14 15 ] and [ 16 ] The extensive genetic variability of HIV complicates immunogen choice and the high rate of mutation increases the likelihood of the rapid development of resistance.

These cross reacting antibodies actually promote viral uptake by macrophages [ 21 22 ] . The main challenge in using live dengue in humans is thus avoiding the development of antibody dependent enhancement(ADE) of infection by antibodies against the pre-M and E proteins of one dengue strain which weakly cross react with the pre-M and E of a second infecting dengue strain.

"[ 29 ] . Similarly, mice immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing authentic NS1 [ 30 ] were protected against the development of dengue-4 virus encephalitis when challenged by intracerebral injection."

"Although our successful development of a plasmid which can express a dengue replicon from transfected DNA facilitates delivery by DNA vaccination [ 12 ] , the development of packaging cell lines which can package these replicons into virions would be a major step forward towards a vaccine which could be conveniently administered in typical clinical situations."

"Although our successful development of a plasmid which can express a dengue replicon from transfected DNA facilitates delivery by DNA vaccination [ 12 ] , the development of packaging cell lines which can package these replicons into virions would be a major step forward towards a vaccine which could be conveniently administered in typical clinical situations."

"Based on these findings, and the presence of a Cet1 homolog in the Apergillus fumigatus proteome, we conclude that RNA triphosphatase is a valid target for antifungal drug development."

"The technique of mRNA differential display has been used to detect differences in gene expression between different types of cells [ 18, 19], during cell transformation [ 20, 21], and in various stages of disease development [ 22]."

Development of P. cariniiinfections in rats and preparation of P. cariniiinoculum

"After development of P. carinii infection (approximately six weeks after inoculation), rats were sacrificed, and lungs were removed and homogenized in minimal essential medium (MEM) (Life Technologies, Inc., Grand Island, New York) containing 10% fetal calf serum and 1% non-essential amino acids."

"Alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibody (goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G; Pierce) was used to visualize proteins by development with nitroblue tetrazolium and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate (NBT-BCIP; Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ)."

Macrophages were infected with M. paratuberculosis at a 5:1 ratio and fixed in glutaraldehyde at various time points to examine the development of mycobacteria in this environment (Fig.

"observed that patients with AIDS or AIDS-related disorders have a defect in the regulation of EBV infected B-cells and these patients have high circulating numbers of these infected cells [ 21 ] . Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) results from the uncontrolled lymphoproliferation of EBV infected B-cells in transplant patients [ 22 23 ] . There are many known factors for the development of PTLD, among which is the presence of an active CMV infection [ 13 19 22 23 24 ] ."

"Such studies would be interesting since CMV infection has been suggested as a risk factor for the development of PTLD [ 22 24 ] . Investigators have showed that a large percentage of transplant patients who had developed PTLD also had CMV disease [ 22 30 ] . In addition to CMV being implicated as a factor for the development of PTLD, serological studies have shown that patients with an active CMV infection experienced a serological profile of EBV reactivation [ 22 31 32 ] . Cross reactivities between the two viruses were ruled out as a cause for the observed immunoreactivations."

"Such studies would be interesting since CMV infection has been suggested as a risk factor for the development of PTLD [ 22 24 ] . Investigators have showed that a large percentage of transplant patients who had developed PTLD also had CMV disease [ 22 30 ] . In addition to CMV being implicated as a factor for the development of PTLD, serological studies have shown that patients with an active CMV infection experienced a serological profile of EBV reactivation [ 22 31 32 ] . Cross reactivities between the two viruses were ruled out as a cause for the observed immunoreactivations."

"Our experiments showed this to be a promising approach, though instrument development and miniaturization for this purpose will be challenging [ 14 ] ."

"However, following the development of antibiotics in the 1940s, the use of phages to treat and prevent infections disappeared from so-called Western Medicine, but it did survive in the former Soviet Union."

"This question is not necessarily answerable at present, but the results do highlight the fact that development of specific protocols and phages for treatment in any one experimental model may be inadequate for treatment of the same bacterium under field conditions."

"4) The results of this investigation, like those of Smith and Huggins and others, support the potential of phage for treating bacterial infections and the development of experimental infection models to evaluate and optimize the efficacy of antibiotic as well as phage treatment protocols."

Genomic analyses have recently revealed a large gene family of 21 polymorphic outer membrane proteins (Pmps) with predicted outer membrane localization in C. pneumoniae [ 7 10 11 ] . The function of this gene family in chlamydial growth and development remains unknown.

"This work is important in understanding mechanisms of pathogenesis, characterizing the human immune response to infection and guiding vaccine development."

The genetic relatedness of M. paratuberculosis with other mycobacterial subspecies has been the root cause of the lack of development of M. paratuberculosis -specific diagnostic tests.

Development of the PCR assay

"In anticipation of future multiplex development and high-throughput processing, each of the unique upstream amplification primers was tagged with one of three fluorescent compounds."

We anticipate that the testing of a larger number of isolates from various geographic areas will ultimately lead to the development of an international Brucella fingerprint database that can be searched for epidemiological use.

"Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapies for the treatment of osteomyelitis."

"Blots were first incubated overnight with gentle shaking at 4°C with rabbit anti-human TRAIL polyclonal antibodies (Cell Sciences, Inc., Norwood, MA) at a concentration of 0.2 μg/ml in Buffer A. Membranes were then washed the following day 3 times for 5 min in Buffer B with gentle shaking, then incubated for 1 h with gentle shaking at room temperature with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (Amersham Biosciences Corp., Piscataway, NJ) diluted 1:5000 in Buffer A. Reactive proteins were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence (Amersham, Arlington Heights, IL) following exposure to X-ray film and subsequent film development."

Peptides that bind specific proteins of therapeutic interest in the yeast two-hybrid system have a variety of applications in drug development.

"The tumor suppressor gene PTEN (also called MMAC1) has been found deleted or mutated in a great variety of human tumors and tumor cell lines [ 1 2 3 ] , and its tumor suppressing function has been confirmed in several in vitro studies [ 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ] . Mice which are homozygously deficient in wild-type PTEN die during embryonic development and harbor regions of increased cellular proliferation, whereas heterozygous mice are viable but spontaneously develop tumors of various origins [ 11 12 ] ."

"For this purpose, two probes were used; one was β-actin, the other was choA, which is clone A of a group of highly expressed mRNAs from Chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells [ 40 ] . The quantitation of the hybridized blots was performed using the AMBIS Radioanalytic Imaging System (Analytical Development Corporation, Colorado Springs, CO)."

"The development of a core functional intron would be interesting not only from an evolutionary perspective, but would also facilitate manipulation in the laboratory."

"Together, RA and WS did many experiments which, although invisible here, are essential to the development of this project."

"The human FHIT gene, located at the chromosome 3 fragile site FRA3B, is inactivated early in the development of many tumors [ 1 ] . Murine Fhit is also located at a fragile site [ 2 3 ] and mice heterozygous for disruption of Fhit , given low intragastric doses of the mutagen N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine, develop stomach and sebaceous tumors [ 4 ] that can be prevented by viral Fhit expression [ 5 ] . Fhit, a dimer of 147 amino acid subunits, is a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily of nucleotide hydrolases and transferases [ 6 7 ] . Members of the Hint branch of the HIT superfamily are found in all forms of life [ 8 ] . The S. cerevisiae Hint homolog, Hnt1, and rabbit Hint possess adenosine monophosphoramidase activity that functions in yeast to positively regulate function of Kin28, Ccl1 and Tfb3, which constitute the kinase component of general transcription factor TFIIH [ 9 ] . A new Hint related protein, Aprataxin, is mutated in individuals with ataxia with oculomotor apraxia [ 10 11 ] and has a yeast homolog termed Hnt3 [ 9 ] . Members of the Fhit branch of the HIT superfamily have been found in fungi [ 12 13 ] , animals [ 2 14 15 ] and plants [ 7 ] and hydrolyze diadenosine tetraphosphate, diadenosine triphosphate and other 5'-5""'-dinucleoside polyphosphates."

"Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted signaling molecules of the TGF-β superfamily that have been implicated in the control of a host of critical developmental phenomena in the central and peripheral nervous systems [ 1 2 3 ] . BMP-5, one of the more prominently expressed BMPs in the nervous system, has been detected in multiple regions of the nervous system throughout development and into adulthood [ 3 4 5 6 ] , yet its biological activities in the nervous system are not well defined."

"A role for BMP-5 in dorsal forebrain patterning has been proposed based on its expression in the dorsal midline of the developing forebrain and observations that ectopic expression of BMP-5 in the developing neural tube of chicks markedly downregulates ventral markers while maintaining dorsal markers [ 5 7 ] . Further support for BMP-5 regulation of early forebrain development has been provided by studies of Bmp5/Bmp7 double mutants [ 6 ] . However, reports that BMP-5 in the mouse brain exhibits peak expression levels in the adult striatum and brainstem and that maximal expression in the hippocampus and cerebellum occurs at E18 through PN1 and again in the mature nervous system [ 3 ] , suggest additional roles for BMP-5 during later stages of neural development and into adulthood."

"A role for BMP-5 in dorsal forebrain patterning has been proposed based on its expression in the dorsal midline of the developing forebrain and observations that ectopic expression of BMP-5 in the developing neural tube of chicks markedly downregulates ventral markers while maintaining dorsal markers [ 5 7 ] . Further support for BMP-5 regulation of early forebrain development has been provided by studies of Bmp5/Bmp7 double mutants [ 6 ] . However, reports that BMP-5 in the mouse brain exhibits peak expression levels in the adult striatum and brainstem and that maximal expression in the hippocampus and cerebellum occurs at E18 through PN1 and again in the mature nervous system [ 3 ] , suggest additional roles for BMP-5 during later stages of neural development and into adulthood."

"BMP-5 is widely expressed in the nervous system throughout development and into adulthood [ 3 4 5 6 ] , yet the only function described for this growth factor thus far is dorsal patterning of the developing forebrain [ 5 6 7 ] . Our data suggest that BMP-5 may also regulate later stages of neural development, specifically dendritic morphogenesis."

"BMP-5 is widely expressed in the nervous system throughout development and into adulthood [ 3 4 5 6 ] , yet the only function described for this growth factor thus far is dorsal patterning of the developing forebrain [ 5 6 7 ] . Our data suggest that BMP-5 may also regulate later stages of neural development, specifically dendritic morphogenesis."

"BMP-6 and BMP-7 as well as dpp subgroup members, BMP-2 and BMP-4, have been shown to influence other aspects of sympathetic neuron development, such as differentiation of adrenergic sympathetic neurons from neural crest [ 13 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 ] and neuropeptide phenotype [ 39 ] . It will be of interest to determine if BMP-5 also exhibits functional redundancy with respect to these effects."

"Earlier studies have demonstrated the expression of BMP-4 transcripts in developing avian sympathetic ganglia [ 49 ] , suggesting the presence of multiple BMPs in sympathetic ganglia throughout development."

"These observations together with reports that BMP-5 is expressed at significant levels in the adult nervous system [ 3 ] suggest a potential role for BMP-5 in modulating dendritic morphology not only during development, but also in adult nervous systems."

"These observations, together with previously published reports from other laboratories indicating significant levels of BMP-5 expression in the developing and adult nervous system [ 3 ] suggest a potential role for BMP-5 in modulating dendritic morphology not only during development, but also in adult nervous systems."

"In order to foster genetic studies there has been increased emphasis on the development of appropriate phenotypes to describe cognitive functions such as attention (see, for example, [ 1 ] ). In general these efforts have used tasks that do not distinguish between different functions of attention."

The advantage of using an endophenotypic measure can be extended when information about the neuroanatomy physiology and development underlying performance on the task is available.

"Studies of human development have shown that the executive attention network is related to effortful control as measured from caregiver reports of their child's behavior [ 47 ] . Effortful control has also been shown to be heritable in twin studies [ 27 ] using larger numbers of subjects and has been linked by behavioral studies to the ability to delay gratification, development of conscience and other aspects of self regulation [ 48 ] ."

"Studies of human development have shown that the executive attention network is related to effortful control as measured from caregiver reports of their child's behavior [ 47 ] . Effortful control has also been shown to be heritable in twin studies [ 27 ] using larger numbers of subjects and has been linked by behavioral studies to the ability to delay gratification, development of conscience and other aspects of self regulation [ 48 ] ."

"The Seven in Absentia (SinA) protein was discovered in Drosophila as a mediator of photoreceptor development [ 29 ] . Subsequently, SinA was shown to participate in the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway [ 30 31 ] . The presence of a RING finger domain in the N-terminus of the mammalian homologue of SinA, ""Siah"", suggests it may be involved in targeting specific proteins for degradation in the proteasome as a ubiquitin ligase [ 32 ] . Two mammalian genes encoding Siah, Siah1 and 2, are known."

"Although intense efforts are being directed toward the development of safe and effective viral vectors that permit the introduction of foreign genes into mammalian cells, chemical transfection continues to attract interest, not only because chemicals are less difficult to use from a technical standpoint, but also because this form of gene transfer may prove less toxic and immunogenic from a therapeutic perspective [ 1]."

"Estrogen deficiency has been implicated as a risk factor in the development of several neurodegenerative diseases [ 16, 17, 18] and estrogen replacement may result in improvement of cognitive function [ 19]."

"Finally, recent experiments on the molecular control of telencephalic development have highlighted a number of genes that influence neuron proliferation and differentiation of the striatum and other neighboring forebrain structures [ 18] [ 26 27 28 29 30 ] ."

Interval mapping places the QTL for Bsc10a in the central portion of Chr 10 in proximity with a number of genes known to affect brain development.

This molecule is important in cerebral development.

The MARCKS-related protein gene is expressed in the striatum during early brain development in the rat [ 48].

"The location of the QTL modulating striatal neuron number to the distal part of chromosome 19 places it in proximity to a number of genes that have been recently been shown to be important factors in telencephalic development, particularly Vax1 . Vax1 is a homeobox-containing gene and is a close relative of the Emx and Not genes."

"Vax1 is localized during development to the anterior ventral forebrain, and is expressed in the striatum during embryogenesis [ 28]."

"In addition, Vax1 interacts with several molecules including sonic hedgehog, Pax2 , Pax6 , and Rx that are known to be important during development of the basal forebrain [ 27, 50]."

"NMDA receptors containing NR2B subunits are present in the neonatal forebrain, and over the course of development, they are replaced or supplemented with NR2A-containing receptors [ 13, 20]."

These data indicate that rod photoreceptor-mediated visual input may have a negative effect on GluR1 expression in normal retina during the course of development.

"A major advance in spectral analysis was the development of Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis, or MESA by Burg [ 48 49 50 51 ] . The reader is referred to [ 39 ] for a full treatment of the topic."

"A random distribution would imply that aggregate dynamics (initiation, development, and dispersal) are independent of that for neighboring aggregates."

"Aggregates distributed further apart than random would imply a local competition for the molecules required for aggregate formation or development or alternatively, regionally increased levels of components which cause aggregate dispersal."

"Conversely, a distribution of aggregates closer together than random could result from a local reduction in the rate of dispersal, or a regionally enhanced rate of initiation or development of new aggregates."

"Jin Fan, James Swanson, Donald Pfaff and Michael Posner were responsible for the development and implementation of the ANT."

"Following our previous development of a collection of analytical tools for the study of molecular and behavioral cycles [ 27 ] , we now provide intensively performed examples of the analysis of molecular rhythms in isolated tissues from Drosophila."

The development of analytical strategies for analyzing biological time-series will continue to be important as new real-time methods (potentially including images of tissues) provide greater access to molecular and physiological cycles.

The neurotrophins play crucial functions in the interaction of muscles with their innervating neurons during development and in the adult vertebrate organism.

"Three neurotrophins, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5 are known to contribute to the development, maintenance, and functioning of the neuromuscular system."

"Each of these three neurotrophins is expressed differentially in muscle during development, in the adult and in response to injury."

"NT-3 is the most abundantly expressed of the three neurotrophins during embryonic muscle development, followed by NT-4/5 and BDNF [ 1 2 ] . After birth, NT-3 and NT-4/5 are down-regulated in muscle whereas BDNF continues to be expressed at low levels [ 1 ] . BDNF mRNA is expressed in myocytes in the adult muscle [ 3 ] . Essentially nothing is known about BDNF gene expression in fish muscle."

"The molecular mechanisms that induce BDNF gene expression in muscle during development, maintain basal expression in the adult muscle and dynamically regulate BDNF mRNA in muscle in response to neuromuscular activity and injury are not known."

The relative abundance of BDNF transcripts in total RNA dramatically increases in the first 7 days of development and plateaus by 10 days pf [ 4 ] .

"Total RNA from whole juvenile fish was also analyzed, as it should contain all exons that are expressed at this stage of development."

We did not assay RNA from these early stages of development.

"Exon 1b appears to play a more limited role during development, and possibly in muscle injury and regeneration."

"This possibility is consistent with our previous in situ hybridization analyses, which revealed BDNF expression in the peripheral YSL [ 35 ] . Some of the labeled platelets end up in cells of the embryo and persist up to 2 days of development."

"Collective results have critical implications for the profound re-organizational effects of relatively small focal injuries early in development, specifically to affect distributed systems throughout the brain and in particular the cerebral cortex."

Study 2 assessed the effects of P1 induced microgyria in male rats across three stages of development.

Brn3c is a POU domain factor that is crucial for inner ear hair cell development.

The initial development and partial differentiation of hair cells in Brn3c mutants could possibly lead to some neurotrophin expression in these cells to sustain sensory neurons through embryonic development and beyond.

The initial development and partial differentiation of hair cells in Brn3c mutants could possibly lead to some neurotrophin expression in these cells to sustain sensory neurons through embryonic development and beyond.

"The comparatively high level of NT-3 expression in Brn3c null mutant cochlea, which has been shown to be the neurotrophin most prominently supporting spiral sensory neurons [ 6 9 14 ] , is in agreement with the normal development of cochlear innervation in newborn Brn3c null mutants."

Development of PPAR agonists that retain the antiatherogenic activity but dismiss the proatherogenic activities will be of great value [ 26 ] .

This group of compounds may be useful in future development of pharmacological agents against cholesterol oxide induced cytotoxicity.

"This may be the case as GABA can increase intracellular proton levels by intensifying bicarbonate ion conductance through a GABA-gated channel [ 15 ] which may act as a ""developmental handshake"" and regulate neuronal differentiation [ 16 ] . The chloride channel, an integral part of the GABA a receptor, has been implicated in embryonic development [ 17 ] . GABA receptors are first seen at the time the neural tube formation [ 18 ] . Binding sites to GABA agonists and antagonists and the expression of GABA receptor mRNAs are seen starting at 4 days of development and peak at 10-15 days, corresponding to the time of neural tube formation [ 19 ] . Many neurotransmitters, including GABA, are growth factor candidates for the CNS [ 20 21 22 ] ."

"This may be the case as GABA can increase intracellular proton levels by intensifying bicarbonate ion conductance through a GABA-gated channel [ 15 ] which may act as a ""developmental handshake"" and regulate neuronal differentiation [ 16 ] . The chloride channel, an integral part of the GABA a receptor, has been implicated in embryonic development [ 17 ] . GABA receptors are first seen at the time the neural tube formation [ 18 ] . Binding sites to GABA agonists and antagonists and the expression of GABA receptor mRNAs are seen starting at 4 days of development and peak at 10-15 days, corresponding to the time of neural tube formation [ 19 ] . Many neurotransmitters, including GABA, are growth factor candidates for the CNS [ 20 21 22 ] ."

"Work in this laboratory has shown lags in neuromuscular development associated with excessive zinc exposure during neural tube formation and, possibly, accompanying narrowing of the vertebral arches [ 26 ] . Another curious finding of this study is that widening of the vertebral arch occurs with either the GABAa agonist muscimol or the antagonist bicuculline."

"GABA is a well-documented neurotrophic agent involved in brain development [ 27 28 29 30 ] . Most of the work done on the effects of GABA and neural development has been done on embryos and embryonic tissue well past the neural tube stage [ 27 31 32 ] . However, there is evidence of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA receptor expression about the time of neural tube formation [ 27 ] . Given that GABA is important to neural development, and the early developmental time frame of the GABA system, it is logical that agents active at the GABA receptor (ethanol, BDZs) can have adverse consequences on CNS development."

"GABA is a well-documented neurotrophic agent involved in brain development [ 27 28 29 30 ] . Most of the work done on the effects of GABA and neural development has been done on embryos and embryonic tissue well past the neural tube stage [ 27 31 32 ] . However, there is evidence of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA receptor expression about the time of neural tube formation [ 27 ] . Given that GABA is important to neural development, and the early developmental time frame of the GABA system, it is logical that agents active at the GABA receptor (ethanol, BDZs) can have adverse consequences on CNS development."

"GABA is a well-documented neurotrophic agent involved in brain development [ 27 28 29 30 ] . Most of the work done on the effects of GABA and neural development has been done on embryos and embryonic tissue well past the neural tube stage [ 27 31 32 ] . However, there is evidence of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA receptor expression about the time of neural tube formation [ 27 ] . Given that GABA is important to neural development, and the early developmental time frame of the GABA system, it is logical that agents active at the GABA receptor (ethanol, BDZs) can have adverse consequences on CNS development."

"GABA is a well-documented neurotrophic agent involved in brain development [ 27 28 29 30 ] . Most of the work done on the effects of GABA and neural development has been done on embryos and embryonic tissue well past the neural tube stage [ 27 31 32 ] . However, there is evidence of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA receptor expression about the time of neural tube formation [ 27 ] . Given that GABA is important to neural development, and the early developmental time frame of the GABA system, it is logical that agents active at the GABA receptor (ethanol, BDZs) can have adverse consequences on CNS development."

GABAb receptor effects have been little studied and the role of the GABAb receptor in neural development is little known and should be more thoroughly investigated.

An understanding of the potential neurotoxic and/or neuroprotective effects of domoic acid in neonatal rats will ultimately lead to a better understanding of domoic acid's effect in neonatal human development.

This concept is supported by the established fact that glutamate receptors are highly conserved between mammals [ 26 ] . Ultimately studies contributing to the characterization of the early biochemical as well as cellular events subsequent to an intoxication with the marine toxin domoic acid will yield new insights for the rationale development of novel therapeutic interventions for the prevention and treatment of amnesic shellfish poisoning.

"Deficiency of the EP2 receptor is associated with a defect in counteracting vasopressor effect of PGE2 [ 7 ] and the development of salt sensitive hypertension [ 8 ] , suggesting a predominant normal vasodepressor role of EP2 receptor in blood pressure regulation."

"The acid form, retinoic acid, is a pleiotropic hormone which regulates gene expression in embryonic development, epithelial cell differentiation, hematopoeisis, and tumor cell formation."

The development of inhibitors which can target individual ALDH enzymes provides one approach for addressing the role of a specific ALDH enzyme in the oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid in a given cell type.

"Membrane suspensions were filtered through Whatman GF/B glass fiber filters with a 48-sample Brandel cell harvester (Biomedical Research and Development, Gaithersburg, MD)."

"However, at analgesic doses, opioid receptor agonists or partial agonists can induce unwanted side effects such as ventilatory depression [ 1 2 ] and the development of physical tolerance and dependence [ 3 4 ] . Thus, the search for opioid ligands which possess analgesic effect and lack untoward effects has been a sought after goal of the medical community."

The resulting dramatic enhancement in the efficiency of light capture for photosynthesis apparently provided a strong evolutionary pressure for development of the ability of photosynthetic organisms to synthesize Chl b or Chl c [ 44 ] .

"For example, L91 is a 'single T-DNA' locus that causes homozygosity-dependent cosuppression of its GFP-COP1 transgene and of the endogenous COP1 gene at the rosette stage of development (type L=late silencing), which in turn results in a characteristic dwarfing and other aspects of a cop1 -like phenotype [ 28 ] . In contrast, E82 (type E=early) is an oligomeric T-DNA locus that causes homozygosity-dependent COP1 endogene silencing at the seedling stage, in particular deetiolation in dark-grown seedlings."

"In plant cells V-ATPases are responsible for the deacidification of the cytosol and the energization of secondary transport processes across the tonoplast, as well as in the endocytotic and secretory pathways [ 12 ] . In addition, the vacuolar type ATPase is thought to be primarily responsible for the acidification and expansion of the large central vacuole [ 12 13 14 15 ] . In plants a critical event in growth and development is the maturation and expansion of the central vacuole."

"What is lacking in our knowledge of vacuolar type ATPases is a sense of what purpose these multigene family proteins may serve in the cellular milieu and how they participate in the growth, development, and metabolism of higher plants."

Seedlings are undergoing dramatic and rapid vacuole biogenesis to allow for rapid growth at this stage of development and therefore would be expected to require a higher level of subunit A expression than other more terminally differentiated organs.

Additional sugar-response mutants have been identified by taking advantage of the fact that high concentrations of exogenous sugars (glucose or sucrose) inhibit early seedling development of wild-type Arabidopsis.

"For reasons that remain unclear, mannose inhibits seed germination and early seedling development at concentrations that are 100-200 fold lower than the concentrations of glucose required to exert similar effects [ 19 46 47 48 50 ] . As shown in Figure 2, growth on low (1."

"27 to 0.33 M) concentrations of glucose or sucrose has been shown to severely inhibit development of Arabidopsis seedlings [ 33 46 47 48 49 50 55 ] . Most seedlings grown on high-sugar media lack true leaves and have cotyledons that have undergone little expansion, even after two to three weeks of growth."

"27 to 0.33 M) of exogenous sugars on seedling development within 2 to 3 days of the start of imbibition [ 47 ] . Therefore, it was of interest to determine whether seedlings become resistant to the inhibitory effects of high sugar concentrations on seed storage lipid mobilization within the same time frame."

"As shown in Figure 5, seedlings sown directly on 0.27 M glucose exhibit little shoot development after 10 days of growth."

"Several groups of Arabidopsis mutants that are resistant to the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of exogenous glucose or sucrose on early seedling development have been isolated [ 46 47 48 49 50 ] . A representative sugar-insensitive ( sis ) mutant, the sis5-1/abi4-101 mutant, was analyzed to determine whether mutants of this type can also exhibit altered responses to the effects of exogenous glucose on lipid metabolism."

This result indicates that mutations that alleviate the negative effects of exogenous sugars on early seedling development can also reduce glucose-mediated inhibition of seed storage lipid breakdown.

"Interestingly, wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings were shown previously to become insensitive to sugar-mediated inhibition of early seedling development within 2 to 3 days of the start of imbibition [ 47 ] . In addition, seedlings of Brassica napus , a close relative of Arabidopsis, undergo a dramatic metabolic shift during the same time period [ 67 ] . Approximately 2 days after the start of imbibition, B. napus seedlings shift from being dependent on lipid breakdown to being dependent on photosynthesis for sugar formation."

The similar timing with which these events occur suggests that completion of the metabolic transition from lipid breakdown to photosynthesis as the primary source of sugars results in loss of sensitivity to the negative effects of sugars on lipid breakdown and early seedling development.

"However, exogenous sugars can completely compensate for mutations that disrupt the glyoxylate cycle [ 58 ] . This finding suggests that the negative effects of high concentrations of exogenous sugars on early seedling development and seed storage lipid breakdown are not the result of sugar-mediated inhibition of the glyoxylate cycle."

Further experiments will be required to clarify the relationship between inhibition of early seedling development and seed storage lipid breakdown by exogenous sugars.

"Enriching the AFLP or specific adaptor-amplified DNA fragments is a simple and efficient approach for SSR isolation and has been successfully applied to a number of plant genomes [ 12 28 29 30 31 32 ] . By employing the modified procedures from other plant species, corresponding isolating protocols were established in peanut for development of microsatellites through this study."

"The rate of redundancy was high in peanut, while it was very low in cotton [ 31 ] . It decreased the efficacy of development of microsatellites in peanut."

Vascular wall remodeling in response to hemodynamic alterations has been known closely related to lesion development in the arterial wall [ 21 22 23 ] . Arterial wall shear stress is proven to be a critical factor in regulation of vessel diameter.

"It is known that TGF-β3 plays a role in cardiac morphogenesis, mammary gland development and wound healing and that TGF-β3 is involved in fine-tuned interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells and their products [ 34 ] . The exact role of TGF-β3 in vascular remodeling response remains unclear."

"In this meta-analysis, we estimated incidence rates based on duration of drug exposure and compared these to expected incidence rates in order to obtain unbiased estimates of relative risk for the development of AR and MR."

"0%) seen in the CARDIA study [ 27 ] and considered the time course of new valve disease development to commence at age 35 (the ending age of the CARDIA study), the unexposed incidence would have been approximately half the rate we used and the relative risks doubled."

These findings lend strong support to the view that fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine are potent causal factors in the development of both aortic and mitral valvular heart disease.

"Each Tanner stage is associated with important changes in genital development and sexual hormone profiles, which could have an impact on adipose tissue distribution and glucose and lipid profiles."

"Genital development was evaluated with the criteria of Tanner [ 35 ] , and was performed with a questionnaire and physical exam by an experienced physician, in which stage 1 is prepubertal, stage 2 is initial development of the genitalia, stages 3 and 4 are intermediate, and stage 5 is mature."

"Genital development was evaluated with the criteria of Tanner [ 35 ] , and was performed with a questionnaire and physical exam by an experienced physician, in which stage 1 is prepubertal, stage 2 is initial development of the genitalia, stages 3 and 4 are intermediate, and stage 5 is mature."

Stage of sexual maturation in the girls was determined on the basis of a combination of menarcheal status and breast and pubic hair development [ 36 ] . The stages of sexual maturation were performed with a questionnaire and physical exam done by an experienced physician as follow: premenarcheal with no secondary sexual development (stage 1).

Stage of sexual maturation in the girls was determined on the basis of a combination of menarcheal status and breast and pubic hair development [ 36 ] . The stages of sexual maturation were performed with a questionnaire and physical exam done by an experienced physician as follow: premenarcheal with no secondary sexual development (stage 1).

Premenarcheal with some secondary sexual development (stage 2); premenarcheal at the time of study but attained menarche within 6 months (stage 3); postmenarcheal with secondary sexual development not yet mature (stage 4); and postmenarcheal with secondary sexual development (stage 5).

Premenarcheal with some secondary sexual development (stage 2); premenarcheal at the time of study but attained menarche within 6 months (stage 3); postmenarcheal with secondary sexual development not yet mature (stage 4); and postmenarcheal with secondary sexual development (stage 5).

Premenarcheal with some secondary sexual development (stage 2); premenarcheal at the time of study but attained menarche within 6 months (stage 3); postmenarcheal with secondary sexual development not yet mature (stage 4); and postmenarcheal with secondary sexual development (stage 5).

"Data from the subjects were presented by specific age group, which we think may approximate the criteria of Tanner [ 35 ] for genital development."

These observations underscore the need for research efforts directed at the development of effective interventions for obese adolescents.

A final clinical feature of SSZ toxicity in our patient was the development of seizures.

"Endothelial cell adhesion molecules ('ECAMs') play essential roles in the development of chronic inflammation by recruiting leukocytes, especially lymphocytes to tissues."

"Among the adhesion molecules up-regulated in IBD, MAdCAM-1, the mucosal cell adhesion molecule, is thought to be preeminent in the development of chronic gut inflammation."

"Several studies have indicated that T helper (Th1) immune response has important roles in the development of IBD [ 48 49 50 ] . Moreover, dysregulation of cytokine networks is involved in Th1-dominant immune responses in IBD [ 48 49 50 ] . Among the Th1 cytokines, TNF-α is thought to be perhaps the most important cytokine responsible for driving the onset and evolution of IBD."

"Such partnerships also allow for the development of a consistent, positive message about nursing home issues to all outside parties."

"This led to the development of detailed forms (or ""checklists"") that nursing home staff and QIO staff could use to assess whether or not recommended care processes for the clinical topic of focus were in place at the nursing home."

"Improvements in the management of patients with thalassemia major in the past four decades have resulted in ""one of the most dramatic alterations in morbidity and mortality associated with a genetic disease"" [ 2 ] . Regular red blood cell transfusions extend survival, eliminate complications of anemia, inhibit bone marrow hyperactivity, and support normal growth and development in patients with thalassemia major [ 3 ] . Unfortunately, regular transfusions also lead to the accumulation of tissue iron, loading the body's organs to the point of dysfunction and finally death in the second or third decade of life if left untreated [ 4 ] ."

"The cost effectiveness advantage of rapid test in the long term is the reduction of mistreatment in terms of drugs, costs, toxicity and development of resistance [ 34 ] . An important advantage of the availability of the rapid test that it does not depend on just one person but can be performed by all staff members of the health clinic."

"Bacterial infections are responsible for the immediate cause of death of up to 30% of patients with HIV infection [ 7 ] . The purpose of this study was to describe the bacterial pathogens causing blood stream infection, identify the risk factors for the development of blood stream infection, and determine the impact of blood stream infection on the outcome of hospitalized patients with HIV."

"This study describes the incidence of bacterial blood stream infection as well as its causative pathogens, risk factors for its development, and its impact on outcome in hospitalized patients with HIV."

"Neutropenia is reported to be a risk factor for the development of bacterial infection in patients with HIV infection [ 4 5 6 14 16 ] . However, in our study, neither the prevalence of leukopenia nor the total white blood cell count was lower in patients with blood stream bacterial infection compared with patients without blood stream bacterial infection."

"[ 14 ] , higher severity of illness, measured by APACHE II score, was associated in the present study with the development of bacterial blood stream infection."

"The present study showed that the presentation with or the development of blood stream infection in hospitalized patients with HIV leads to poor outcome, as evidenced by increased mortality, length of hospital stay, and intensive care unit admission rate."

Negatively charged sulfated polymers were reported to have anti-HIV-1 activity and are being considered for development as topical microbicides.

"Although there have been major developments in its diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate of septic shock has progressively increased over the past few decades."

"Bernard et al . [ 10 ] reported that, in patients with sepsis, treatment with ibuprofen reduced levels of prostacylin and thromboxane and decreased fever, tachycardia, oxygen consumption, and lactic acidosis, but did not prevent the development of shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome, and did not improve survival."

Author 2 NS carried out most experiments and contributed to the development of experimental techniques.

"RSV infection in infancy cause severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia and may predispose children to the subsequent development of asthma, the most common chronic illness of childhood [ 1 ] . Many studies have indicated that chemokines can play an important role in the onset and severity of asthma and it has been shown that RSV infection of lung epithelial cells increases chemokine production, although the mechanisms involved are largely unknown [ 2 3 4 5 ] ."

Such studies were expected to elucidate further the mechanisms involved in the antiviral/virucidal activity of CAP and to contribute to the potential development of microbicides combining two or more anti-HIV-1 compounds with distinct target sites.

Author 2 NS carried out most experiments and contributed to the development of experimental techniques.

[ 5 ] The need for determining hospitalization criteria led to the development of the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) by the Pneumonia Outcomes Research Team.

Bioelectronic detection of nucleic acids on a miniature solid support is one of the first steps toward development of such an integrated detection device.

"The bioelectronic detection platform described here includes disposable DNA chips and laboratory-based electronic readers and is a first-generation system that ultimately will facilitate the development of relatively low cost, arrayed nucleic acid-based tests."

"To illustrate the development and use of the I-TRAP approach, we describe here the construction of the vectors, host strains, and library necessary to identify σ E-regulated genes of M. tuberculosis ."

"Recently, the apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) gene has been suggested to be a risk factor for the development of micro- and macrovascular complications in diabetic patients."

"Thus, APOE is an important candidate gene for the development of microvascular complications in Type I diabetes patients."

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of APOE gene polymorphism in the development of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy in Type I diabetes patients.

"[ 9] suggested that lipid abnormalities may contribute to the development and progression of kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy."

The influence of the APOE gene polymorphism to the development of diabetic microangiopathy is uncertain.

The present study found no evidence for a role of the APOE gene polymorphism in genetic susceptibility for the development of diabetic retinopathy in Type I diabetes patients.

"Named after Andreas Rett who first recognized the disorder in 1966 [ 2 ] , the syndrome is characterized by a constellation of clinical findings that have resulted in the establishment of clinical criteria for the diagnosis [ 3 ] . Common clinical features include early normal development until approximately 6-18 months of age followed by a period of developmental stagnation and subsequent regression, usually by 3 years of life."

"Simple tests for genetic risk factors would permit the identification of individuals at high risk for development and rupture of aneurysms, consequently allowing diagnostic effort to be concentrated on a smaller group that is at higher risk."

"Although etiologically diverse, inheritance is a significant contributor to the development of DCM."

"Conduction disease preceded the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in the proband's family [ 1 10 ] . This indicates the necessity for careful documentation of a three-generation pedigree in the evaluation of patients with conduction system disease paying particular attention to sudden death, arrhythmia and bradycardia."

"In the case of sickle cell disease, only a few genetic factors are known to influence the stroke risk [ 7 ] . For example, α-thalassemia is the only well characterized protective genetic factor [ 7 ] . Thus, genetic factors that lead to the development of cerebrovascular disease and stroke in children with Hb SS are not well understood."

"While some of the risk factors leading to the development of cerebral vasculopathy and stroke in sickle cell disease (low hematocrit, elevated white blood cell count, normal complement of α-globin genes) have been identified in previous studies (CSSCD, MCG cohort, and STOP), many remain unknown."

It is likely that the co-inheritance of one or more of these mutations in sickle cell disease would tip the balance toward a hypercoagulable state and act as an additional risk factor for the development of cerebrovascular disease.

"These candidate genes will make it possible to study not only polymorphisms associated with a hypercoagulable state, but also to study the genes involved in pathways that may lead to the development of vasculopathy (genes involved in endothelial cell function, inflammation, and adhesion, platelet activation and responsiveness)."

"Therefore, a large case-control association study of the role of genes in the development of cerebrovascular disease and stroke risk based upon TCD, is likely to provide more accurate information and may resolve the controversial results obtained in smaller studies [ 5 ] . Furthermore, an attempt will be made to perform a subset analysis of patients who go on to have an ischemic stroke during the study period in terms of the associations with genetic polymorphisms."

"All 28 polymorphisms in 20 candidate genes that we propose to study have been shown to be associated with a hypercoagulable state or have been shown to be involved in pathways leading to the development of vasculopathy and, therefore, have a high probability to be related to the TCD velocity phenotype."

"While other animal models of hypertension can be employed to study the pathogenesis of hypertension, because of the rapid and reproducible development of renal failure, S rats provide a unique means to investigate the pathogenesis of hypertensive nephrosclerosis."

"Recent studies have shown that apoptosis was accentuated in kidneys of S rats during development of nephrosclerosis [ 7 ] . These studies demonstrated increased numbers of TUNEL-positive cells, increased cytoplasmic nucleosome content and caspase-3 activation in kidneys of hypertensive S rats, compared to normotensive Sprague-Dawley control rats on the same high-salt diet."

"In kidneys of S rats, associated with apoptosis was a temporal increase in expression of Fas, which was demonstrated using Western analysis of lysates of kidney cortex [ 7 ] . The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the site of expression and potential functional significance of Fas and FasL in the kidneys of S rats during development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis."

These findings were observed by day 21 of study [ 7 ] . The present series of experiments demonstrated the diffuse sites of expression of Fas and FasL in the kidney and explored further the possibility that the Fas/FasL pathway was active during the development of hypertensive renal disease in this rodent model of hypertension.

"A previous study suggested that the apoptotic process occurred early in the development of hypertension in this model [ 26 ] , so the data suggested that an apoptotic mechanism in addition to activation of the Fas/FasL pathway is also involved in development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis in S rats."

"A previous study suggested that the apoptotic process occurred early in the development of hypertension in this model [ 26 ] , so the data suggested that an apoptotic mechanism in addition to activation of the Fas/FasL pathway is also involved in development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis in S rats."

Variables with p < 0.05 in univariate analysis for a relationship with development of hospitalization for poisonings were entered into multivariate analysis as covariates.

"Traditional animal models, such as mice, rats, rabbits or pigs do not develop typical renal disease when given either Stx or E. coli 0157:H7 [ 14 ] . Further, animal models that most closely reflect human HUS are only in the early stages of development [ 14 ] . Hence, the cell culture system remains the most reasonable means to assess an effect of sex steroids on renal cell Stx-1 responsiveness; such systems have clearly been demonstrated to be responsive to sex steroids (e.g."

"RV participated in the development & implementation of the guideline described in the study, collected data, and wrote & edited the manuscript."

"KA supervised development of the guideline and implementation of the program, participation in literature search and writing and editing the manuscript."

"PW supervised development of the guideline and implementation of the program, and participated in the writing and editing of the manuscript."

"RM participated in the development and implementation of the guideline, and editing of the manuscript."

AS participated in the development of the guideline and editing of the manuscript.

"CY participated in the development and implementation of the guideline, statistical analysis of the data, and writing and editing of the manuscript."

"[ 24 ] However, this did not prevent development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with HIVAN and ESRD."

GP participated in the study design and development of the analysis plan for the study.

[ 12 ] on the G448A polymorphism of the β-fibrinogen gene suggested that mechanisms linking fibrinogen and the development of cerebrovascular disease may be different in men and women.

"Steroid hormones play a vital role in the growth of normal mammary gland tissue, as well as, the development and progression of breast tumors."

This necessitated the development of domain specific antibodies.

"As mentioned above, IL-6 is a cytokine that functions as a necessary growth factor in several cancer types, most studied in multiple myeloma [ 12 ] . It is an essential factor in the development and maintenance of B cell neoplasms [ 13 ] , and likely plays an important role in many other types of cancer."

"An association between autocrine IL-6 and PCA has been known for some time [ 16 17 ] . The change in prostate cell phenotype from paracrine IL-6-stimulated to autocrine IL-6-stimulated is believed to be a contributing factor in the progression from benign hyperplasia to neoplasia [ 17 ] . IL-6 is also implicated in the development of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy in PCA patients [ 18 19 ] . In other studies, a chimeric protein consisting of an anti-IL-6 Ab fused to Pseudomonas exotoxin was found to inhibit proliferation of prostate carcinoma cell lines [ 20 ] . Exogenous IL-6 activated androgen responsive gene expression in the absence of androgens in human LNCaP cells [ 21 ] . More work is needed to clarify the role of IL-6 in prostate neoplasia."

"While there is some evidence suggesting IL-6-mediated neoplasia in PCA development [ 17 22 ] , a system suitable for following the transformation of prostate cells during PCA development remains lacking."

"While there is some evidence suggesting IL-6-mediated neoplasia in PCA development [ 17 22 ] , a system suitable for following the transformation of prostate cells during PCA development remains lacking."

"While prostatic epithelium is resistant to neoplastic transformation, it is not resistant to the development of hyperplasia."

The importance of STAT3 activation via IL-6 in prostatic cancer development has been suggested by previous investigators.

"To address these questions, one promising approach would be the development of specific immunohistochemical markers capable of improving the sensitivity and reliability of methods currently employed to detect precursor lesions in histologic and cytologic specimens [ 9, 10]."

"Because proliferation is a requirement for lung cancer development, markers specific for cell proliferation are expected to prove useful."

"The mice show systemic tolerance to Tag, mounting neither humoral nor cellular immune responses to Tag upon immunization of purified protein [ 25 26 ] . Rip1-Tag2 mice display a reproducible pattern of multistage tumor development, from normal islets to hyperplastic/dysplastic islets, to angiogenic islets, to varying grades of solid tumor, with a well-defined angiogenic progression [ 27 ] . All Rip1-Tag2 mice succumb to hypoglycemia and tumor burden by 13-16 weeks."

"The splenocytes were derived from T cell receptor transgenic mice that preferentially enhanced development of CD4 +T cells recognizing a peptide within the SV40 large T oncoprotein [ 28 ] . While the transfer of naive splenocytes from the TCR transgenic mice had no effect on tumor development, sub-lethal radiation prior to lymphocyte transfer resulted in significant reduction in tumor burden in both intervention and regression trials."

"The splenocytes were derived from T cell receptor transgenic mice that preferentially enhanced development of CD4 +T cells recognizing a peptide within the SV40 large T oncoprotein [ 28 ] . While the transfer of naive splenocytes from the TCR transgenic mice had no effect on tumor development, sub-lethal radiation prior to lymphocyte transfer resulted in significant reduction in tumor burden in both intervention and regression trials."

Prostate cancer is one of the major diseases that pose serious health problems for aging men [ 1 ] . It is generally believed that androgen has a significant role in the development and progress of this disease [ 2 ] . Changes in the growth response of cancer cells to androgen ablation and anti-androgen during the progress of the disease [ 3 4 5 6 ] suggest that multiple androgen-related signaling events are involved in neoplasia and disease progression.

"Numerous studies have shown that polypeptide growth factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogens for breast cancer cells [ 6 7 8 9 ] . The IGF-I and IGF-II signal through a common tyrosine kinase receptor, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and have mitogenic and cell survival actions that may promote tumor development."

"This is consistent with previous observations that M6P/IGF2R knockout mice displayed generalized increased growth and cardiomygaly (resulting from cardiac myocyte hyperplasia) [ 34 ] , and that antisense-mediated reduction of M6P/IGF2R expression enhances tumorigenicity in JEG-3 cells [ 43 ] . Thus, loss or mutation of M6P/IGF2R may contribute to development and progression of tumors via different pathways: by increasing the mitogenic activity of IGF-II and decreasing the apoptotic signaling of TGF-β and lysosomal proteases."

"Despite continuing decreases in incidence and mortality rates, cancers of the colon and rectum remain the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the North America [ 1 2 ] . The decline in incidence, and hence mortality, from colorectal cancers is most likely attributable to an increase in recommendations to perform routine screening on average risk individuals and to improved screening techniques [ 2 ] . In addition, there is ever advancing knowledge into the pathogenic mechanism of cancer and resulting strides in the development of more efficacious therapies."

"[ 9 ] , but employed far greater doses of aspirin (45 and 90 mg/kg/day) and reported no dose-response relationship and a maximal suppression of 55% [ 7 ] . Furthermore, in the rat model of azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis, aspirin has also only been found to inhibit aberrant crypt foci and tumour development by no more than 65% [ 4 39 ] . Coincidentally, epidemiological data also report reductions in the 40-50% range [ 13 14 15 32 ] . However, whether this can be used as an argument to support the notion that aspirin is only able to suppress tumour formation by 50% is difficult to extrapolate because two different end points are being examined (i.e."

"Shiff and Rigas [ 45 ] indicate that NSAIDs may to affect colorectal cancer development via one or more of the following four areas: (1) COX-mediated carcinogen activation, (2) cell proliferation, (3) apoptosis and (4) immune surveillance."

"As in the Framingham cohort, the choice of bone for BMD measurement in NHANES I was the metacarpal [ 2 ] . Much has been written about the optimal choice of bone for BMD measurement, though no clear preference has dominated this literature [ 15 16 17 ] . Because we assumed that the most direct consequences of diminished BMD would be osteoporosis and hip fracture, associations of BMD with hip fracture and the development of osteoporosis were investigated in order to establish the validity of this BMD measurement in this cohort."

"As anticipated, in the NHEFS, diminished BMD is significantly associated with the development of osteoporosis and hip fracture (Table 2)."

"Because the association of estrogen exposure and uterine cancer development is far less controversial than estrogen and breast cancer risk [ 4 ] , the veracity of BMD as a measure of estrogen exposure is supported by the significant positive association of BMD with uterine cancer incidence (Table 3)."

"In 1990 the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference [ 1 ] concluded that breast conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiation is an appropriate method of primary treatment for the majority of women with early stage breast cancer (AJCC stages [ 2 ] I, IIA, and IIB)."

"It has also been shown that aspirin inhibited nitrosamine induced lung carcinogenesis [ 27 ] , and it reduced COX-2 enzyme levels in lung cancer cell lines [ 28 ] . Further support for a potential role of the COX-2 pathway in lung cancer development comes from several investigations that demonstrated COX-2 overexpression in human lung tumors, specifically NSCLC [ 29 30 31 32 ] and precursor lesions [ 33 ] . While COX-2 expression was generally shown to be increased in NSCLC and to a much lesser extent in SCLC, the role of COX-2 expression in latter tumor type is difficult to determine, due to the fact that the numbers of SCLC tumors examined in these studies was very small."

The mitogenic role played by Wnts in normal CNS development also supports the concept that the pathway could promote growth in the brain [ 21 22 ] . In order to test this hypothesis we created transgenic mice in which the Wnt pathway was aberrantly activated in the CNS.

"Wnt signaling is known to play a critical role in the development of the brain, and the midbrain and cerebellum do not form in animals lacking Wnt-1 [ 23 ] . Furthermore, targeted disruption of the frizzled-4 gene results in cerebellar abnormalities in mice [ 24 ] . Transgene expression from the PrP promoter is extremely low during embryonic development, with high-level postnatal expression largely restricted to neurons and glia of the CNS [ 25 ] . Transgenic mice expressing either wild-type or mutant β-catenin were generated so that a range of pathway activation could be examined."

"Wnt signaling is known to play a critical role in the development of the brain, and the midbrain and cerebellum do not form in animals lacking Wnt-1 [ 23 ] . Furthermore, targeted disruption of the frizzled-4 gene results in cerebellar abnormalities in mice [ 24 ] . Transgene expression from the PrP promoter is extremely low during embryonic development, with high-level postnatal expression largely restricted to neurons and glia of the CNS [ 25 ] . Transgenic mice expressing either wild-type or mutant β-catenin were generated so that a range of pathway activation could be examined."

"To increase the probability of brain tumor development, several transgenic lines (WT-1 and Mut-1,2,3) were crossed onto a p53-deficient background."

The growth and metastasis of tumors depend on the development of an adequate blood supply via angiogenesis.

"It has been reported that dysfunction of the p53/MDM-2 pathway can be found in more than two-thirds of angiosarcomas; thus, mutant p53 influences the development of angiosarcoma not only by affecting growth and apoptosis control but also by up-regulating VEGF (Chinrugi et al."

"Thus, the high coincidental expression of iNOS and VEGF and p53 protein accumulation may be important events to enhance gastric carcinogenesis and poorly clinical features and may be useful biomarkers to assess risk for the development of GC."

"[ 28 29 30 31 32 ] In this report, two modulators of 5-FU were used in a sequential manner, anticipating an enhancement of the efficacy of 5-FU before the development of 5-FU resistance and subsequent disease progression."

"We report on the development, implementation and evaluation of these non-traditional learning tools into an adult educational program for lay educators in the Witness Project of Buffalo."

"Five educational tools that are not normally incorporated into community-based learning programs were implemented: educational contracts, vocabulary development, accessing prior knowledge, question and answer training format, and role playing."

This particular phase (creating new stories) of their development did not generally occur until the witness role models had been giving programs 6 months.

"Identification of biomarkers that provide rapid and accessible readouts of drug exposure, activity, toxicity or efficacy is becoming increasingly important in the clinical development of novel molecularly targeted therapeutics."

The implications of gene expression profiling applications such as this one in the clinical development of novel molecular therapies are discussed.

A recent report describes an expression profiling approach as applied to bone marrow samples before and after treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI-571 in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ 26 ] . This work clearly demonstrates utility of the approach in investigation of drug-resistance development in hematological malignancies.

"Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is diagnosed in over 40,000 Americans each year, resulting in over 12,000 annual deaths [ 1 ] . Carcinomas of the head and neck are often associated with multiple areas of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (CIS) in noncontiguous mucosa, as well as with the development of second primary cancers of the aerodigestive tract."

"The concept of ""field cancerization"" hypothesizes that regions of the mucosal epithelium, although normal in appearance, are ""preconditioned"" by chronic exposure to carcinogenic agents, thus priming them for the subsequent development of invasive lesions [ 2 ] ."

"The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) maps to chromosome location 6q25-27 [ 14 ] ; a chromosomal region predicted to contain a head and neck tumor suppressor gene [ 10 11 ] . It encodes for a receptor that functions in intracellular lysosomal enzyme trafficking, transforming growth factor beta activation, and IGF2 degradation (reviewed in [ 15 16 ] ). Granzyme B internalization by the M6P/IGF2R is also required for cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in cells targeted for death, resulting in this receptor being referred to as a ""death receptor"" [ 17 ] . Elevated IGF2 levels during murine development arising from M6P/IGF2R deficiency result in cardiac abnormalities, cleft palate, fetal overgrowth and perinatal lethality [ 15 18 ] . Furthermore, large offspring syndrome frequently observed in cloned animals is associated with epigenetic changes in gene regulation and decreased M6P/IGF2R expression [ 19 ] . Thus, the M6P/IGF2R plays a crucial role in regulating mammalian fetal growth and development."

"The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) maps to chromosome location 6q25-27 [ 14 ] ; a chromosomal region predicted to contain a head and neck tumor suppressor gene [ 10 11 ] . It encodes for a receptor that functions in intracellular lysosomal enzyme trafficking, transforming growth factor beta activation, and IGF2 degradation (reviewed in [ 15 16 ] ). Granzyme B internalization by the M6P/IGF2R is also required for cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in cells targeted for death, resulting in this receptor being referred to as a ""death receptor"" [ 17 ] . Elevated IGF2 levels during murine development arising from M6P/IGF2R deficiency result in cardiac abnormalities, cleft palate, fetal overgrowth and perinatal lethality [ 15 18 ] . Furthermore, large offspring syndrome frequently observed in cloned animals is associated with epigenetic changes in gene regulation and decreased M6P/IGF2R expression [ 19 ] . Thus, the M6P/IGF2R plays a crucial role in regulating mammalian fetal growth and development."

The development of second primaries was independent of the M6P/IGF2R mutation status in the primary tumor (p = 0.8).

"M6P/IGF2R is normally imprinted in mice with only the maternal copy of the gene being expressed [ 41 ] . In contrast, both copies of the M6P/IGF2R are expressed in humans because genomic imprinting at this locus was lost in the primate lineage approximately 75 million years ago [ 42 ] . Importantly, restoration of biallelic M6P/IGF2R expression in mice results in a marked reduction in offspring weight late in embryonic development that persists into adulthood [ 43 ] . This demonstrates that M6P/IGF2R allelic loss or haploid insufficiency markedly enhances cell proliferation and/or survival during fetal development."

"M6P/IGF2R is normally imprinted in mice with only the maternal copy of the gene being expressed [ 41 ] . In contrast, both copies of the M6P/IGF2R are expressed in humans because genomic imprinting at this locus was lost in the primate lineage approximately 75 million years ago [ 42 ] . Importantly, restoration of biallelic M6P/IGF2R expression in mice results in a marked reduction in offspring weight late in embryonic development that persists into adulthood [ 43 ] . This demonstrates that M6P/IGF2R allelic loss or haploid insufficiency markedly enhances cell proliferation and/or survival during fetal development."

"In the lens, alpha-crystallin also associates with type III intermediate filament proteins and the beaded filament proteins CP49 and CP115, and correct beaded filament assembly has been shown depend on the presence of alpha-crystallin [ 16 ] . Beaded filament mRNA levels are greatly increased in differentiating lens epithelium and have been suggested as a pan-specific marker for lens fiber development [ 17 ] . Alpha-crystallin has also been shown to interact directly with DNA [ 18 ] . In transfected CHO cells, alphaB has also been shown to ectopically localize to interphase nuclei, suggesting a role for this protein in the nucleus [ 19 ] . A nuclear role for alphaB in the lens was supported by the findings that a subset of lens epithelial cells derived from alphaB knockout mice demonstrated hyperproliferation and genomic instability [ 20 ] . In addition, the administration of exogenous alpha-crystallin to primary bovine lens epithelial cell cultures resulted in the formation of lentoid bodies, consistent with a role for these proteins in lens differentiation [ 21 ] . These findings indicate that alpha-crystallin may have a multitude of in vivo functions."

Future studies with defined objectives to address the development and progression of morphological changes seen in this study are being designed.

"Stress proteins have been shown to be expressed in non-stressed cells during development and differentiation [ 25 ] . Hsps were shown to be expressed during the differentiation of mammalian osteoblasts and promelocytic leukemia cells [ 26 ] . In addition, hsp expression has been shown to accompany growth arrest in human B lymphocytes [ 27 ] and macrophage differentiation of HL 60 cells [ 28 ] . During myogenic differentiation, mRNA for alphaB increases in conjunction with the induction of mRNA for myogenin, the earliest known event in myogenesis [ 29 ] . The addition of exogenous alpha-crystallin to primary bovine lens epithelium was shown to induce rapid changes in cell shape, leading to the formation of lentoid bodies [ 21 ] . These studies strongly suggest that the hsp family of proteins has other functions in addition to protecting proteins and cells during stress."

"Second, due to the possibility that prior infection with HHV-6 might be directly or indirectly protective against tumor development."

"At 11 months, there was a concern about possible failure to thrive, nevertheless, her current growth and development at seven years of age have been adequate."

Gross motor development was delayed but other developmental axes were intact.

"Although it has been suggested that rapid sexual maturation may have long-term consequences for the development of obesity among women [ 6 ] , our results indicate that it is more likely that childhood obesity influences both menarcheal age and adult obesity."

"Among women, black/white differences in BMI levels become apparent after age 12 y [ 27 ] , suggesting that adolescence may be a critical period [ 28 29 ] for the development of obesity."

"The role of impulsivity in this correlation is important, given that impulsive behavior is common in adolescents with ADHD, pointing to a connection between ADHD and development of obesity, an idea consistent with our clinical observation that impulsive eating behaviors are common in adult and adolescent OB+ADHD patients."

"Although most current administrative systems include time lags that diminish their utility, the development of on-line transaction processing between clinicians and payers may reduce or eliminate that deficiency."

"To overcome attitudes and office systems that often emphasize treatment versus preventive care, the tool must be developed and ""sold"" on points salient and compelling to physician values, beliefs, and experiences [ 20 21 ] . In sum, a comprehensive assessment of the targeted environment is essential to the process of intervention development and application."

"The PRECEDE-PROCEED model [ 22 ] , a comprehensive health promotion-planning model, provided the framework for this study's incremental progression towards intervention visualization, development, and adoption."

Physician formative involvement in the tool development began with the convening of a focus group of 12 peer-identified primary care physician Opinion Leaders.

"The researchers discussed the development of the themes throughout the analysis, reaching consensus on eight final emergent themes."

"The identified concepts will be applied towards the development of a survey that will be mailed to a randomized sample, stratified by county, practice specialty, and physician gender, of WNY PCP to test and refine the characterization of regional perceptions and experiences."

The focus group and survey findings will then be applied in the development of the practice tool.

Our results do not support the notion that aspirin plays a role in the development of pancreatic cancer.

"From these results, potential cost-benefit analyses of NRL glove use can be developed to aid in policy development and implementation."

"[ 23 26 32 37 40 41 ] . To address issues related to initiation and compliance with prenatal care, and its association with infant mortality in D.C, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the NIH Office of Research on Minority Health (ORMH) sponsored this study of barriers and motivators of prenatal care as identified by vulnerable, hard to reach populations."

"Real creativity is needed to include fathers in development of prenatal care services, as well as in the health care delivery system to provide relevant, easily accessible care."

"This assessment stimulated and guided reform efforts that were initiated in December 1992 through a cooperative project among the AMoH, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and CDC."

"Since 1996, this HIS reform activity has been self-sustained with no additional monetary support from USAID [ 6 ] . In 1996, the AMoH created a national HIS program for the development and reform of the HIS and the Armenian National Health Analytic-Information Centre [ 18 ] . The system has been transformed into a comprehensive HIS and includes chronic diseases, maternal and child health, and injury data."

"A comprehensive HIS includes the capacity to obtain data from vital registries, clinical, administrative, and other records; from provider and population-based surveys and sentinel systems for infectious and chronic diseases, and disabilities; and maternal and child health, nutrition, and program implementation indicators, including access, coverage, and service quality [ 1 ] . This reform activity should include the development of an indicator monitoring system based on selected essential, action-oriented indicators of health status, service performance, and resources that can be used for decision-making at the local level."

"Previous liver or thyroid disease, and concurrent insults to the liver (such as from alcohol, dehydration, an oral contraceptive pill, recreational drugs, and other drugs that can damage the liver) may be related to the development of many severe or prolonged adverse reactions to mefloquine."

"Although all questions asked of the subjects refer to the two weeks prior to development of cryptosporidiosis and the statement is reiterated at several points during the questionnaire, it is likely that people do not recall exact consumption but tend to describe their usual patterns when asked about routine habits such as consumption of drinking water."

"This is consistent with studies of other enteric pathogens [ 47 48 ] . In fact, intestinal protozoa are the most common infecting organisms identified in travelers with chronic diarrhea; the precise etiology of traveler's diarrhea is unclear but it is believed that duration of stay, hygiene, and level of socioeconomic development in the host country are associated with acquisition of infection [ 48 ] . The current study was unable to evaluate any of these factors because of limited sample size, but it was observed that 7 of the 13 cases (50."

"Cryptosporidium oocysts have an ubiquitous geographic distribution and can be detected in most surface drinking water sources [ 8 ] . The oocysts are resistant to environmental degradation [ 9 ] , survive chlorination water treatment, and are too small (4 to 6 microns) to be removed by conventional water filters [ 6 ] . Risk factors for acquiring cryptosporidiosis have been determined primarily in studies of community-wide outbreaks, and drinking water has been implicated as the source of these outbreaks [ 9 10 11 12 13 14 ] . Case-control studies in AIDS patients have also been conducted during outbreaks [ 12 15 ] , but levels of endemic risk in the United States remain uncertain, even though there is great concern for diarrheal disease associated with drinking water in this population [ 16 17 ] . Because defining the risk associated with drinking tap water is particularly important for counseling immunocompromised patients on reducing their risk of cryptosporidiosis, we conducted a case-control study among persons with AIDS in San Francisco to test the hypothesis that the pattern of tap water consumption is associated with the development of endemic cryptosporidiosis."

"The unadjusted, matched odds ratios for the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis according to exposure to non-drinking water sources are shown in Table 3. Neither sexual activity, sex with a partner with diarrhea, nor travel outside of San Francisco were associated with the development of cryptosporidiosis."

"Assuming a causal relationship between tap water consumption and the development of cryptosporidiosis in persons with AIDS, the PAF was 85%; that is, the proportion of cases in San Francisco AIDS patients attributable to tap water consumption could have been as high as 85%."

This is the first population-based case-control study enrolling incident cases of cryptosporidiosis to evaluate and detect a strong association between an increasing pattern of tap water consumption and the development of cryptosporidiosis among AIDS patients in the United States.

SJ participated in development of the molecular assays and study design.

"Development of an evidence-based, consensus statement regarding breast cancer screening, with broad endorsement, would support a single set of unambiguous guidelines for implementation across primary care settings."

The application of highly active antiretroviral treatment and the development of more effective chemoprophylaxis against opportunistic infections are likely to be associated with changes in the types and severity of pulmonary complications that we see in these patients.

"Reports have suggested that responses to tuberculosis differ between men and women, and that barriers to early detection and treatment of tuberculosis may be greater for women than for men [ 5 ] . A 10-year study performed among Ethiopian Jews who immigrated to Israel found that women had an incidence rate of tuberculosis that was twice that of men (120 versus 69 cases per 100,000 population per year) [ 6 ] . In addition, studies have suggested that progression from tuberculosis infection to disease may be faster in women of reproductive age than men of the same age [ 7 8 ] . Nonetheless, there is an estimated 2:1 male to female ratio in the number of tuberculosis cases notified to public health authorities [ 9 ] , indicating that any increase in the risk of development of tuberculosis that reproductive stress may confer upon women is transient."

"Cardiovascular diseases, a major health concern in industrialized countries [ 1 2 3 4 ] , include vasculopathies such as atherosclerosis [ 5 ] and autoimmune vascular diseases such as lupus [ 6 ] , graft versus host disease [ 7 ] , and systemic sclerosis [ 8 ] . Many factors are involved in the development and progression of these diseases including lifestyle (diet, smoking, and lack of physical exercise); genes, and environment [ 1 2 3 4 ] . Also, infectious agents, including both bacterial (Chlamydia) [ 9 10 ] , and viral (CMV) [ 11 12 ] , have been implicated."

All mice were housed in hepa filtered cages in the approved animal facility and monitored daily for the development of clinical manifestations of infection.

"To both accelerate the development of vascular pathology and to deepen the immunocompromised state, these mice were irradiated with a sublethal dose of gamma radiation (300 Rads) at 4 months of age."

Vascular disease in the IFN-γR-/- group of mice began with development of an inflammatory infiltrate in the adventitia of aortas 3-4 weeks after infection in 30% of animals (Table 1) (Fig.

"CMV invades the vascular endothelium with the development of both latency and intermittent shedding of the virus to distal tissues, often by detachment of infected endothelial cells."

Prior studies describe development of MCMV associated vascular lesions in large arterial vessels of mice.

"injection of suckling mice induces vascular lesions in the aorta and pulmonary artery, which are characterized by cellular infiltrates containing T-lymphocytes [ 36 ] . A more recent study describes the development of MCMV induced vascular lesions in the aorta of both immunocompetent mice and those lacking IFN-γ responsiveness where IFN-γ is determined to be a major antiviral factor preventing the long term persistence of aortic vascular lesions [ 18 ] . The present study focused on neointima formation, which was seen only in immunocompromised mice."

"Apoptosis of vascular endothelium may be the trigger that initiates the uncontrolled repair mechanism characterized by the proliferation of smooth muscle cells/myofibroblasts, leading to the development of neointima in MCMV induced vascular disease."

The development of CMV induced vasculopathies is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients.

"Although the role of CMV infection in pathogenesis of vascular diseases in immunocompetent patients is less clear, epidemiological studies strongly suggest that chronic or latent infections may accelerate the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis and SSc."

It is crucial to identify factors responsible for contributing to the development of vascular pathology in order to develop better preventive as well as treatment modalities.

KN supervised development and implementation and sponsored the project.

"in rats, where the anabolic effect of lovastatin on bone was at least partially due to their inhibiting effect on osteoclast development [ 28 ] . Similarly, in the mouse calvaria model Gasser et al."

"It is estimated that 1.2 million new cases of non-melanoma skin cancer occur each year in the United States, and the majority of these are believed to result from heavy exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun [ 1 ] . The incidence of skin cancer is predicted to increase even further because of the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer [ 2 ] . The development of chemopreventive strategies for skin cancer is thus a high public health priority."

Residents of Arizona experience a three to seven times greater incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer than the general population in the United States [ 3 ] . Our goal is the development of oral agents that will complement primary skin cancer prevention.

"As cited in the acknowledgement section above: The development of the tea questionnaire was supported by a grant from Unilever Health Institutre, Vlaardingen, UNC, PO Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands"

"While in vitro analyses of TGFβ1 levels in keloid and normal fibroblasts have yielded variable results [ 15 16 17 18 19 20 ] , higher levels of TGFβ1 receptors and Smad3 activation were recently reported in keloid fibroblasts [ 21 ] . Thus, procedures that lower TGFβ1 expression may help prevent keloid development [ 15 16 18 22 ] ."

This suggests that body-site specific keloid formation may be dependent on the difference in the development and resolution of tension in the wound bed at nonglabrous vs. glabrous sites in keloid prone patients.

"Rather it may be necessary to re-evaluate α-SMA expression in the early stages of keloid development, when tension within the wound bed is high."

"Skin antigen-presenting cells (Langerhans cells) appear to play an important role in the initiating events that lead to the cytokine cascade that results in keratinocyte proliferation and development of psoriatic lesions [ 16 17 18 ] . Effective therapeutic approaches to psoriasis treatment, such as psoralen UV-A therapy (PUVA), which result in depletion of APCs in the skin [ 19 20 ] , and UV-B [ 21 ] , lead to one of the most sustained improvement in psoriasis."

"Recently, the development of an inducible system based on the insect steroid ecdysone and the nuclear receptor that mediates its effect [ 7 ] has provided an alternative that may circumvent these limitations."

"This clone, designated MBT2+RheoSwitch-2, was used for further development."

The clone exhibiting the highest level of induced gene expression was then used for further development.

The analysis of gene function during mammalian embryonic development relies heavily on the use of transgenic mice.

"All embryos exhibited characteristic features of midgestation stages of development including normal rostral-caudal patterning, beating hearts, normal limb formation including the formation of fingers."

"The most obvious is that it provides a mechanism for generating embryos that express alleles that are predicted, or known, to be detrimental to normal embryonic development, for example dominant-negative or gain-of-function alleles."

"Indeed, the expression of dominant negative alleles that can potentially disrupt multiple members of a gene family has been used extensively in Xenopus laevis and has, for example, helped elucidate the action of fibroblast growth factors during mesoderm formation [ 19 ] . Such alleles are particularly useful when a null allele in the same gene causes a disruptive phenotype prior to the stage of development of interest."

Choosing a promoter that expresses the dominant negative allele later in development or in a specific cell type could potentially circumvent any early phenotype associated with a null allele.

Another important use of this procedure could be to identify transcriptional regulatory regions that control expression of specific genes during development.

"Transgenic mice have been extensively used to identify regulatory elements that control gene expression in vivo [ 20 21 ] . This has, in turn allowed the elucidation of regulatory networks that control cell differentiation during development."

"In sum, the availability of tetraploid aggregation-competent ES cells that support targeting of transgenes to the hprt locus should facilitate the rapid analysis of transcriptional regulatory elements in vivo as well as the phenotypic characterization of alleles that are incompatible with normal development."

"In this report, we describe a novel post-genomic approach (called Phenogenix ®) that involves the use of complex and random peptide libraries of large size (up to 40 amino acids) and diversity (>10 11independent clones per library) in combination with computational analysis for garnering information on the natural biological partners and pathways [ 7 ] . We also show that the specificity of these peptides can be improved by mutation at the DNA level that has implications for phenotyping and the development of Site Directed Assays."

"This non-random association between a surrogate and a target's pharmacologically active site assures a high degree of probability that, once found, surrogates will have utility for the rapid development of SDAs capable of identifying small molecules of pharmacological importance."

M.L. assisted with the low-volume jet and needle and syringe injections and development of the ELISA.

assisted with the development of the animal protocols and particle bombardment procedure and edited the manuscript.

"This strategy should be very useful for the development of a variety of both in vitro and in vivo applications, including the creation of cell-based expression arrays for proteomics and drug discovery and highly site-specific delivery of transgenes for gene therapy and tissue engineering."

and T.S. conceived the study and participated in its design and development.

"The recent development of intense, photostable and pH-insensitive fluorophores, along with improvements in optical detection systems, has led to fluorophore labeling of many pharmacological agents."

"Loss of Fhit protein is among the earliest known events in the development of a variety of the most common and lethal human malignancies [ 1 ] . Loss of Fhit leads to cells that are deficient in programmed cell death and that form tumors in mice while Fhit reexpression in Fhit-cancer cells reduces tumorigenicity and restores programmed cell death [ 2 3 4 5 6 ] . Infection of Fhit +/- mice with viruses that re-express Fhit reduce cancer occurrence [ 7 ] , apparently by killing pre-neoplastic cells that have lost the wild-type Fhit allele."

"Not surprisingly, high leaf litter quantity led to larger mass, shorter larval development time and higher survival (Figs."

"Our prediction was that B microcosms, with more wall area per unit volume would allow for greater growth and shorter development time of mosquitoes, which it did at low resource levels, possibly by providing more substrate on which periphyton could grow [ 3 ] . In addition, at low litter abundance there is less leaf surface area, and the effects of varying wall surface area will be greater under conditions of limiting resources."

"Shorter development time is important in ephemeral aquatic habitats such as temporary ponds and phytotelmata, allowing adults to escape prior to dry down in late spring or early summer [ 29 30 ] . Short time to maturity allows the insects to escape their larval habitat before it dries up, and males that mature before females are ready to mate when females emerge."

The other comparison between B and CW microcosms yielded mosquitoes that were similar in size and development rate.

"A final comparison of B to CS microcosms (Table 2) is of interest because it represents a comparison of constant scaling, which encapsulates both horizontal and vertical scaling effects [ 3 ] . Here the major effect is in time to maturity and male biomass, with the smaller volume container producing larger males with shorter development times (Fig."

"Growth and survival may thus be affected by habitat size, which varies greatly among small aquatic habitats [ 23 24 31 36 ] . There is a positive relationship between size, or volume, of the habitat and species richness, and between volume and growth responses of individual species [ 16 23 24 25 31 37 ] . Levels of water and resources may be important cues to ovipositing females, with resulting impacts on individuals and communities [ 9 16 38 39 ] . Oviposition site selection is an important variable affecting survival and development of non-dispersing larvae, and large volumes may be preferred by females laying eggs in aquatic environments due to increased stability and decreased risk of drought [ 29 39 ] . However, allochthonous plant material from surrounding terrestrial areas is the major input of energy resources to many freshwater detritus-based food webs, and resource quantity in these habitats is highly heterogeneous and dependent on location of the habitat relative to resource inputs [ 14 40 ] . Clearly, the choice of habitat by ovipositing C pipiens females will have growth and survival consequences for offspring."

"Early recognition of the contrast between the stabilizing influences of density-dependent population regulation, and potentially de-stabilizing influences of environmental variation [ 1 ] , laid a foundation for theoretical modeling of population stability in stochastic environments [ 2 ] that assumes renewed relevance in light of current developments in ecology and climate research [ 3 ] . Recently, for instance, numerous studies have documented the influences of global-scale climatic variation on the population dynamics of vertebrates in widely diverse ecosystems (see, e.g., [ 4 5 ] for reviews), including species interactions at the community level [ 6 7 8 ] . To our knowledge, however, no study has yet documented a simultaneous and direct influence of large-scale climate on the dynamics at all trophic levels in a single system."

"Based on the approach used in the development of previous bivariate population models [ 12 13 14 ] , we developed and applied a model testing for the direct influence of large-scale climate on the dynamics at individual trophic levels and interactions among levels (Figure 1)."

"Fungal pathogens can be important selective forces on plants in habitats favorable to fungal development, but estimating the magnitude of selection by fungal pathogens in nature is difficult."

"The development of fungal disease in plants has at least three important control points: the prevalence of fungal inoculum, the environment during infection, and disease development as modified by plant defenses [ 1 2 ] . Most field studies on wild plants have not measured pathogen abundance but have focused on disease expression [ 3 4 5 6 ] . Atmospheric moisture is generally the single most important environmental factor influencing the incidence and severity of fungal diseases on plants [ 4 7 8 9 10 ] . High relative humidity and several hours of free surface water are critical for both spore germination and successful infection [ 11 12 13 ] . In addition, infection (i.e."

"The development of fungal disease in plants has at least three important control points: the prevalence of fungal inoculum, the environment during infection, and disease development as modified by plant defenses [ 1 2 ] . Most field studies on wild plants have not measured pathogen abundance but have focused on disease expression [ 3 4 5 6 ] . Atmospheric moisture is generally the single most important environmental factor influencing the incidence and severity of fungal diseases on plants [ 4 7 8 9 10 ] . High relative humidity and several hours of free surface water are critical for both spore germination and successful infection [ 11 12 13 ] . In addition, infection (i.e."

"We have previously reported that it takes from 12-16 h following 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D treatment of Caco-2 cells to first appreciate an increase in saturable transcellular calcium transport [ 19 ] . This temporal response is similar to the 8-16 h observed for the achievement of maximal rates of intestinal calcium absorption in vivo following 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D treatment of vitamin D-deficient chickens [ 28 ] . Future studies of the time course of CaT1 protein expression and localization of this protein to the brush border will be necessary to confirm this point, but must await the development of a suitable CaT1 antibody."

who reported progressive and significant shortening of R-R intervals during neonatal development [ 1].

"Evidence to support this view includes the observations of increased levels of norepinephrine in plasma and urine, and decreased norepinephrine content in the iron deficient heart [ 19 20 21 22 ] . Rossi [ 23 ] , after finding that reserpine administration prevented the development of this hypertrophy, even suggested that norepinephrine is the causal agent in the pathology."

"However, even in transgenic animal models overexpressing alpha receptors, the beta-adrenergic receptor appears to play an important role in hypertrophy development and the transition to heart failure [ 34 35 ] . Regardless of which receptors are involved in the various forms of hypertrophy, the sympathetic nervous system does appear to play a role in most, if not all, forms of cardiac hypertrophy, and much remains to be done in this area [ 36 ] ."

"Finally, we hypothesized that a daily injection of the beta-adrenergic antagonist propanolol would significantly reduce the development of ventricular hypertrophy."

"Finally, propanolol injections do not prevent the development of iron deficient cardiac hypertrophy, drawing into question the potential causal relationship between beta-adrenergic neurotransmission and this form of hypertrophy."

"Nonetheless, examination of several time points during the progression of iron deficiency can potentially provide important insights into the development of resulting physiological alterations."

"Many studies have shown that chronic intravenous infusion of norepinephrine is sufficient to cause hypertrophy, and that various forms of hypertrophy are linked to a decrease in either beta-adrenergic receptor density or a decreased responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation [ 46 48 49 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 ] . Barth, for example, showed that norepinephrine infusion induced left ventricular hypertrophy that could be prevented by an adrenergic-receptor blocker [ 58 ] . It has been suggested that ornithine decarboxylase is a link between beta-adrenoreceptors and stimulation of tissue growth factor, which results in hypertrophy [ 64 ] . However, recent studies have focused on alpha-adrenergic reception as a mediator of cardiac hypertrophy [ 35 ] , although some question the role of the alpha-adrenergic receptor as a hypertrophic mediator in vivo [ 34 ] . To date, no published studies of which we are aware have examined alpha-adrenergic reception and the development of cardiac hypertrophy with iron deficiency."

"The literature surrounding norepinephrine and its role in the development of iron deficient hypertrophy documents the following facts: 1) prolonged iron deficiency causes cardiac hypertrophy [ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 23 ] , 2) the pool of stored norepinephrine in the heart is decreased with iron deficiency [ 17 21 ] , 3) plasma and urine concentrations of norepinephrine are increased with iron deficiency [ 19 20 21 22 68 ] , and 4) chronic administration of reserpine (which depletes norepinephrine) prevents the development of iron deficient hypertrophy [ 12 ] , but not hypertrophy that results from aortic banding [ 23 ] . This, combined with other studies that relate chronic adrenergic stimulation to hypertrophy, led Rossi to the conclusion that iron deficiency hypertrophy was caused by chronic sympathetic stimulation."

"The literature surrounding norepinephrine and its role in the development of iron deficient hypertrophy documents the following facts: 1) prolonged iron deficiency causes cardiac hypertrophy [ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 23 ] , 2) the pool of stored norepinephrine in the heart is decreased with iron deficiency [ 17 21 ] , 3) plasma and urine concentrations of norepinephrine are increased with iron deficiency [ 19 20 21 22 68 ] , and 4) chronic administration of reserpine (which depletes norepinephrine) prevents the development of iron deficient hypertrophy [ 12 ] , but not hypertrophy that results from aortic banding [ 23 ] . This, combined with other studies that relate chronic adrenergic stimulation to hypertrophy, led Rossi to the conclusion that iron deficiency hypertrophy was caused by chronic sympathetic stimulation."

"However, our finding that a daily injection of the beta-blocker propanolol does not prevent the development of iron deficient cardiac hypertrophy suggests that beta-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation may not be a causal agent in the development of hypertrophy."

"However, our finding that a daily injection of the beta-blocker propanolol does not prevent the development of iron deficient cardiac hypertrophy suggests that beta-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation may not be a causal agent in the development of hypertrophy."

The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiac and vascular responses associated with the development of iron deficiency.

"The failure of the beta-blocker to prevent hypertrophy suggests that, if the sympathetic nervous system is a causal agent in the development of this form of hypertrophy, the signaling mechanism is not mediated by the beta-adrenergic receptor."

The idea that TEA might be a candidate for a lead compound for the development of drugs with possible clinical applications [ 5 ] is supported by the present data that show the effectiveness of TEA in two different mammalian models of AQP1-mediated osmotic water permeability.

"In support of the first possibility, we observed a significant force decline in many of the electrically stimulated muscles i.e., some muscles showed a decline in peak tension development of more than 25% by the end of 1 hr. of stimulation."

"The hindlimb was fixed so that no movement of the limb was possible during muscle contraction and the Achilles tendon was attached to a force-displacement transducer (Grass Instruments, Co., Quincy, Mass) to monitor tension development during contraction."

"Signs of muscle fatigue i.e., a decline in tension development below 75% of peak, were evident using this stimulation protocol after 30-60 minutes in approximately 50% of the rats tested."

There was no detectable difference in VEGF mRNA levels by Northern analysis between muscles that fatigued versus muscles that maintained tension development.

Color development was performed at room temperature overnight in Buffer 2 containing NBT and BCIP (Boehringer Mannheim).

"Dissection of medial rings, mounting and determination of the optimum length for stress development at 37°C was performed as described [ 21 ] . The carotid ""ring"" preparation differs in the method of mounting from our prior heat study which employed carotid ""strips"" [ 14 ] . The mounting procedure, rings vs. strips does not alter the behavior of the carotid media in tissue baths."

"Serum leptin was elevated in mice on the high-fat diet, concordant with the development of obesity, but adrenalectomy had no effect on leptin levels (Table I)."

The high fat diet used in this study led to the development of obesity over the course of five weeks as expected (Fig.

"Tolerance to a glucose load was also impaired in mice after one week on the high-fat diet, suggesting the development of insulin resistance (Fig."

Diet-induced obesity led to significant increases in body weight and adiposity and to the development of glucose intolerance.

This hypothesis is particularly compelling since recent data suggest that aberrant glucocorticoid activity may play a key role in the development of the metabolic syndrome [ 10 ] .

"After more chronic exposure, this delicate balance could plausibly become disrupted, leading to glucocorticoid-mediated development of the metabolic syndrome [ 10 ] . Thus interactions between insulin, leptin, and glucocorticoids, and the neuropeptide responses they generate within the melanocortin system, allow complex metabolic responses to nutritional status but may also allow the development of metabolic pathologies."

"After more chronic exposure, this delicate balance could plausibly become disrupted, leading to glucocorticoid-mediated development of the metabolic syndrome [ 10 ] . Thus interactions between insulin, leptin, and glucocorticoids, and the neuropeptide responses they generate within the melanocortin system, allow complex metabolic responses to nutritional status but may also allow the development of metabolic pathologies."

Loss of myocytes is thought to contribute to the progressivedecline in left ventricular function and the development of congestiveheart failure.

"Both in animal and human studies of heart failure, β-adrenergicblockade intervention appears to have beneficial effects on cardiacmyocyte function [ 1 23 24 ] . Of particularimportance, studies using carvedilol have shown remarkable improvementsin cardiac performance [ 12 13 15 16 ] andreduction in mortality in humans [ 17 ] .We have previously shown that propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker,is cardioprotective and prevents the development of heart failurein turkeys when given concurrently with furazolidone [ 21 ] . Similarly, carteolol, a nonselective β-blocker,resulted in improvement in ejection fraction, reduction in ventricularvolumes, an increase in developed pressure as well as an increasein rate of survival in our turkey model [ 18 ] . Improvementin cardiac function was associated with cellular remodeling of cardiacmyocytes."

"Loss of cardiacmyocytes has been suspected to be a feature of the cardiomyopathicprocess that contributes to progressive decline in left ventricularfunction and the development of congestive heart failure [ 29 ] . Evidence supporting the concept ofmyocyte apoptosis occurrence and contribution in the progressionof heart failure has been obtained from a variety of observations,including in vitro studies, experimental animal modelsof cardiac dysfunction, and studies on cardiac tissue obtainedfrom patients with end-stage heart failure [ 5 7 8 9 29 ] ."

The development of animal models of heart failure in which apoptosisis an important feature will allow the modulation of cell deathpathways through targeted interventions.

The apoptotic processis linked to the development and progression of heart failure aswell as the improvement in cardiac function seen with β-blockade.

The development of both types of ligands could therefore have important biomedical implications.

"One of these ligands displays original structural and chemical characteristics, which could be used in the development of novel compounds for cancer prevention and therapy."

"It will be interesting to test these molecules for anti-proliferative activity, both in vitro and in vivo . The observation that agonist 1 does not belong to any of the series of RAR ligands described so far makes this compound particularly interesting for further development."

"In recent years, it has become clear that the neuronal nAChR is a valid target against a variety of diseases, including cognitive and attention deficits, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, and pain management [ 3 4 ] ; the addiction liability and other undesirable side-effects of nicotine prohibit the use of this natural product for therapeutic applications, but the active development of nAChR agonists presenting adequate receptor subtype specificity should result in improved pharmacology and potency [ 4 ] . As for most membrane proteins, information on the 3 dimensional structure of the nAChR is limited, and the best experimental structure consists of 4.6 A data from electron microscopy [ 5 ] , a resolution that does not allow for structure-based design approaches."

"Previous reports have shown on other systems that a single-residue mutation in a receptor is sufficient for the development of specific ligands [ 13 14 ] . Based on the recent crystal structure of AChBP, we could propose a detailed description of the structural variations of nAChR subtypes."

Identification of T-cell epitopes associated with a particular disease can lead to the development of potential peptide vaccines.

Development of an efficient energy function for the accurate prediction of both backbone and side-chain conformations followed by an effective MHC-peptide interaction function will help to quantify the differences in peptide binding caused by MHC polymorphism and peptide diversity.

"Even though structure prediction methods need further development, it is possible to produce models where functional hypotheses can be tested in a rational manner (for example, with mutagenesis experiments) through detailed analysis [ 54 ] . Additionally, structure comparisons can be used to detect functional relationships that cannot be detected by sequence information alone [ 52 ] , and micro-environment analyses that parse models for particular three-dimensional motifs [ 55 ] can be used to discern molecular function."

Developments in our ab initio sampling protocol were incorporated into our loop sampling technique.

"RS performed the algorithm development, carried out the computations, evaluated the results, and drafted the manuscript."

"ML helped with the algorithm development and evaluation of the results produced, and provided intellectual guidance and mentorship."

"For the development of an all-encompassing potential energy function for the protein folding problem that can simulate both the thermodynamic and kinetic processes, it is argued that one must start from first principles [ 1 ] . However, given the complexity of the problem, involving thousands of atoms and an extremely large number of conformations available to these atoms, the available computational power posses a serious restriction."

Another crucial requirement for the development of potential functions using optimization-based methods is the generation of realistic and challenging decoys.

Development of the concept was done by all the three authors.

The present study was undertaken for the following reasons: 1) to assess long-term changes in tinnitus severity exhibited by patients who completed a comprehensive tinnitus management program; 2) to identify factors that contributed to changes in tinnitus severity within this population; 3) to contribute to the development and refinement of effective assessment and management procedures for tinnitus.

Variables with p < 0.10 in univariate analysis for a relationship with development of hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis were entered into multivariate analysis as covariates.

DT indicates a combination of delay in seeking therapy and faster development of new cavities.

"To increase physician knowledge of new developments in palliation and their level of clinical competence in end-of-life care, the Institute for Ethics at the American Medical Association, with support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, embarked on the Education for Physicians on End-of-life Care (EPEC) Project."

A key tool of the EPEC Project was the development of the EPEC Curriculum.

"Physical dependence, evidenced by the development of a withdrawal syndrome when a medication is suddenly withdrawn, is not evidence of addition [ 30 ] . Similar outcomes occur in the presence of exogenous hormones and other medications that act through cellular receptors (eg, estrogens, beta-blockers, alpha-2 agonists, caffeine, etc.)."

Referring physicians made the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure based on the following criteria: development of at least 4 months of amenorrhea before age 40 associated with two serum FSH levels above 40 IU/L (drawn at least 1 month apart).

Primordial germs cells originate from a small number of progenitor cells that arise in very early development.

"Such therapy could have serious consequences, such as the development of osteonecrosis [ 4 ]"

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Institutional Review Board approved the protocol.

This approach can have severe adverse consequences such as the development of osteonecrosis related to glucocorticoid therapy [ 4 ] . Here we demonstrate that detection of ovarian antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence using one specific commercial test system has poor specificity as a diagnostic test.

"The complete absence of a corpus callosum in rats exposed in utero to EtOH has been documented by several studies [ 7 8 9 ] . Because in utero exposure to EtOH affects both corpus callosum development and laterality, researchers have turned to the rat model to assess the impact of EtOH on both measures."

"The genu, body, and splenium were identified to confirm complete development of the corpus callosum."

"A priori contrasts were conducted to determine if differences existed between groups on all dependent measures (laterality, corpus callosum [development and weight], splenium development, total brain weight, and pup weight gain)."

"A priori contrasts were conducted to determine if differences existed between groups on all dependent measures (laterality, corpus callosum [development and weight], splenium development, total brain weight, and pup weight gain)."

"As an indication of EtOH and SY fetal effects the CC weight measure does not seem to provide much relevant information, whereas the measure of splenium development clearly indicates EtOH-induced disruption."

The in utero effect of EtOH on splenium development has also been observed in humans with FAS.

Further evidence of laterality disruption was manifested by incomplete splenium development in 8 of the 10 EtOH-exposed rats.

"Because callosal development was complete in rats exposed to the co-administration of SY with EtOH, it appears that SY conferred some ameliorative effects upon the corpus callosum developmental process."

"Without the SY, EtOH-exposed pups clearly displayed EtOH-induced disruption to normal callosal development."

"This review is unique a) by the cooperative work among a multidisciplinary team of researchers and content-experts; b) the review was not limited to any specific discipline or language; c) the focus on content validity is practical and clinically relevant to practitioners and researchers; d) a great effort and detail went into the development of the search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality-scoring instrument."

All listed authors worked collectively on the design of the study and development of the review instruments.

"AA participated in the design of the study, instrument development, and methodology."

AFG participated in development of the review instruments and advised on statistical conduct of the study.

"The purpose of MeSH is to provide uniformity and consistency to the indexing of the biomedical literature [ 3 ] . With the recent development of CAM on PubMed [ 4 5 ] , MeSH descriptors for CAM have been expanded."

"The levator ani muscles play an important role in bladder neck fixation provided by the suspensory sling and hiatal ligament [ 6 ] . The urethra is supported by the action of the levator ani muscles through their connection to the endopelvic fascia of the anterior vaginal wall [ 7 ] , and the muscles of the levator ani contract during a cough to assist continence [ 8 ] . The fast twitch type II fibers in the levator ani muscles play an important role in continence, and their loss accompanies the development of urinary incontinence [ 9 ] . Clinically, women with recurrent urinary incontinence after Burch colposuspension have a more pronounced pelvic floor weakness than women with primary stress urinary incontinence [ 10 ] . This suggests that the recurrent urinary incontinence is caused by a progression of pelvic floor dysfunction."

"After development and film exposure, the membrane was washed and stained for actin (0."

The philosophy behind the use and development of PKQuest differs from that of the standard PBPK applications.

"Because of developments in the Internet, we converted access to all resources to the Internet via the public address, http://Clinical.UTHSCSA.edu."

Further research and development of more efficient strategies for seeking medical evidence are needed.

Development

The alpha coefficient is especially useful during test development because it gives a measure of how each item is contributing to the scale to which it has been assigned.

"Physical diagnosis skills examined in the present study correlated with scores on the USMLE Step 1 exam, and the skills that foreshadow the clinical clerkships - identification of abnormality and development of differential diagnoses - best predicted USMLE scores [ 42 ] ."

"This, in turn, has led telemedicine advocates to blame payors for impeding development of the technology."

"Another bill, the Health Information and Quality Improvement Act of 2001, would provide $420 million to help hospitals develop and use information technology that can reduce the frequency of medical errors [ 51 ] . However such support would not be sufficiently broad-based, and would not substitute for development of a National Health Information Infrastructure."

"To be effective, development and implementation of new information technologies must speak to the minute-to-minute needs of all types of providers."

"If it is to occur, substantial investment will be needed to galvanize this change, probably in large part from the federal government, with development of a national health information infrastructure representing the most important piece of the puzzle."

The TMA Data Exchange Specification provides software programmers with a promising new area for development.

"During carcinogenesis, morphologically identifiable lesions occur that precede the development of invasive cancer."

3. The different kinds of precancers may vary in every biologic feature except those specified in their definition (identifiable lesions that precede the development of cancer).

They are identifiable lesions that can precede the development of cancer.

"Financial, ownership and utilization data were obtained from the Hospital Annual Financial Disclosure Reports, filed annually by all California hospitals with the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD)."

Questionnaire Development

"After the completion of this research, Dr. Michael Pignone has received licensing and consulting fees from Bayer, Inc. for the development of a CHD risk estimation tool."

"Ideal circumstances would allow for the development of cost estimates based on a comprehensive study, designed not to influence resource use, of unselected patients with sufficient follow-up."

"This finding is in line with the literature, which suggests that individuals who have cognitive deficits are at greater risk for exhibiting behavioral problems in long-term and other non-acute settings [ 24 ] . Investigators have found lower MMSE scores at admission predictive of functional decline following acute medical illness and hospitalization [ 26 ] . Additionally, cognitive impairment is associated with the development of delirium during hospitalization, which in turn, can result in a variety of behavioral problems [ 27 ] . However, in these studies, patients usually had cognitive impairment indicative of dementia, whereas the current study suggests that among hospitalized elderly, a MMSE score of less than 27 places a patient at increased risk of behavioral problems."

"Although we identified predictors that could be easily obtained or assessed at admission, other variables, including diagnosis, acuity of illness, co-morbidities, pain, and type and dose of medications, may also be associated with the development of behavioral problems in this setting."

"In summary, we report on the development of an inducible mammalian cell expression system for the catalytic subunit of the α-isotype for PP1."

"These findings, provided by the development of this inducible PP1 expression system, will afford new research opportunities aimed towards addressing the question of how PP1 activity is regulated."

Vitamin E was established as an essential micronutrient for proper fetal development [ 1 ] and the amount of vitamin E required to maintain proper fetal development has been defined in International Units.

Vitamin E was established as an essential micronutrient for proper fetal development [ 1 ] and the amount of vitamin E required to maintain proper fetal development has been defined in International Units.

USAID United States Agency for International Development

"In an unrelated study, we investigated the effects of mefloquine on global transcription in rat neuroblastoma (NG108) cells using microarrays [ 7 ] . Mefloquine caused a striking upregulation of growth arrest and development protein 153 (GADD153), a transcription factor selectively modulated under conditions of ER stress [ 8 ] . Taken together, these observations suggest that mefloquine might perturb the function of the ER via a disruption of calcium homeostasis."

"Plates were read on a Uvmax plate reader at 405 nm (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) after 1 hr development with substrate."

Serologic tools for assessment of exposure to the parasite are still under development and testing.

"The metabolic syndrome is a condition that promotes atherosclerosis and increases the risk of cardiovascular events [ 1 2 3 ] . According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at least 47 million Americans, or about one in five people, have this condition [ 1 ] . Contributors to the development of the metabolic syndrome may include genetics, a sedentary lifestyle, a Western diet (high in refined carbohydrates, low in fiber, and high in saturated fat), cigarette smoking, and progressive weight gain [ 2 ] . The characteristics of the metabolic syndrome include atherogenic dyslipidemia, a prothrombotic state, insulin resistance, hypertension, and abdominal obesity [ 3 4 ] . Each abnormality promotes atherosclerosis independently, but when clustered together, these metabolic disorders are increasingly atherogenic and enhance the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [ 1 ] . Based on observational studies there is evidence to support that several factors related to lifestyle habits may influence cardiovascular risk [ 5 6 7 ] . Among these factors the beneficial effect of several dietary patterns on human health, have already been underlined [ 8 9 10 ] . One of these diets, the Mediterranean diet, has received much attention during the past decades."

"Although the benefits from the adoption of this diet on all cause survival have long been recognized, little is known about its association with the development of acute coronary events, in people with the metabolic syndrome."

"In this work we evaluated the effect of the adoption of Mediterranean diet on the development of acute coronary syndromes, in subject with the metabolic syndrome."

"The hedgehog ( hh ) gene was identified two decades ago in Drosophila as a critical regulator of cell-fate determination during embryogenesis [ 1 ] . Subsequent work in several model systems has defined and characterized the Hh gene family that encodes highly conserved secreted signaling proteins (for review see [ 2 ] ). Hedgehog (Hh) proteins are synthesized as approximately 45 kDa precursors that autoprocess in an unprecedented fashion, resulting in the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the amino-terminal half of the precursor [ 2 ] . This processed amino-terminal domain, Hh-Np, is responsible for the activation of a unique and complex signaling cascade that is essential for controlling cell fate throughout development and into adulthood [ 2 ] . In mammals there are three Hh-family proteins: Sonic (Shh), Indian (Ihh), and Desert (Dhh)."

Gene-targeting experiments in mice have demonstrated that the development and patterning of essentially every major organ requires input from the Hh pathway [ 2 ] .

"5) when the midline defects are first detectable in both Shh -/-and Smo -/-embryos, but prior to any general retardation of growth and development [ 26 27 ] . In both Shh +/-and Smo +/- Ptc1 lacZ /+embryos, Ptc1 was detected in ventral neural tube, somites and lateral plate mesoderm (Figure 3e,i,m)."

"Bailey, personal communication; M. Brodsky, personal communication; [ 16]; E. De Gregorio personal communication; A. Tang, personal communication; and P. Tomancak, personal communication), which study five different experimental questions - aging, DNA-damage response, immune response, resistance to DDT, and embryonic development."

TN contributed image analysis and software expertise in method development.

"IB and CCWK provided clinical expertise in method development, selected the clinical slides for testing the method and made independent drusen measurements by stereo pair grading for method validation."

"We are hypothesizing that MMG can indicate the degree of muscle activation and therefore can be used to monitor the development of the muscle fatigue, in the same way the SEMG has been proved to do."

"That is why the MMG is as valuable as SEMG in exploring not only peripheral fatigue, but also sensorimotor interaction and central intervention in the development of the muscular fatigue."

It brings additional evidence on the central fatigue and provides means of quantifying the fatigue development in the isometric exercise.

"According to this study, the MMG signal can be used for indication of the degree of muscle activation and for monitoring the muscle fatigue development in the isometric contraction."

The rec12 mutants were proficient at meiosis and underwent two meiotic divisions as revealed by ascus development and the distribution of chromosomes.

"However, each of the rec12 mutants exhibited a high frequency of chromosome segregation errors that were sometimes accompanied by defects in spore formation and/or ascus development (Figure 3B)."

"Funded primarily by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), DHS is administered by Macro International Inc. [ 20 ] . Low-income country governments and international organizations have long relied on DHS data to monitor a variety of child and maternal health and family planning indicators [ 21 ] . One of the most significant contributions of the DHS is the collection of internationally comparable data on the demographic and health characteristics of populations in developing countries [ 22 23 24 25 ] .."

JIL drafted the manuscript and assisted in the development of the analytical model; YN developed the model to estimate health benefits from energy savings; and JDS conceived of the original study and participated in design and coordination.

Both sources vary in terms of the validity and reliability of information on maternal pre- and gravid disease and pregnancy complications and require cautious interpretation of findings [ 25 26 27 ] . We believe that this has hampered a more complete interpretation of findings regarding the hazards of fish consumption on fetal development.

"One frequently cited study reporting a negative association with Great Lakes fish consumption and birth size did not appear to include cigarette smoking in the model [ 4 ] as noted by at least one other author [ 42 ] . A few authors have noted that the fish consumption effect, despite being negatively associated with birth size, is small in comparison to other covariates important for fetal growth and development [ 12 24 ] , which is more in keeping with our findings."

"Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals, health care facilities and the community contributes to the development of bacterial resistance."

Selective pressure by antimicrobial drugs is by far the most important driving force for the development of such resistance.

"It is preferable to keep the number of drugs per prescription as low as possible to minimize the risk of drug interactions, development of bacterial resistance and hospital costs [ 15 ] . We did not look at the co-prescribed drugs here, but concentrated only on antibiotics."

"Prevention and control of the spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms will require increased adherence to basic infection control policies and procedures, incorporation of antimicrobial resistance strategies into institutional goals and development of a plan to deal with patients colonized with resistant organisms [ 23 ] ."

"Because of the latency in the development of cancer, it would not even be plausible to say that the 1996 data could explain only 1997 diagnoses."

"Also, the ZIP code of residence at diagnosis is an inadequate descriptor of an individual's location during the development of cancer."

"However, the precise mechanism of each of these genetic alterations in the multi-step pathway of cervical tumor development is largely unknown."

The development of CC is preceded by distinct morphological changes from normal epithelium to carcinoma through low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs).

"Thus, deletions at 5p identified in high-grade CINs suggest that these genetic alterations occur prior to development of invasive carcinoma."

3 that harbor putative TSGs important in CC development providing a basis for their identification.

"Based on the follow-up studies, we suggested that 5p genetic deletions might identify high-risk lesions for progression to invasive cancer [ 7 ] . In a more recent study it was also shown that the 5p deletions were significantly more frequent in dysplasias that were recurrent compared to non-recurrent dysplasias [ 9 ] . These data therefore suggest that 5p genetic alterations occur early in cervical carcinogenesis and they may be critical to the development of invasive cancer."

"In addition, we have shown that the genetic deletions on 5p occur early during the development of CC in high-grade CIN lesions."

"In addition to producing energy, mitochondria are involved in intermediary metabolism, ion homeostasis, synthesis of lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides, active transport processes, cell motility, and cell proliferation [ 1 2 3 4 ] . Recent developments also demonstrate that mitochondria are key regulators of programmed cell death [ 4 ] . Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most profound features of cancer cells."

"Among genes that are up regulated in Rho 0cells p19 (INK4d), a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, is focally expressed during fetal development and plays a role in terminal differentiation [ 19 ] . Members of the group of INK proteins are involved in arresting cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle."

"Another interesting feature in the expression profile of cells lacking mtDNA is the low expression of many genes that play a role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system [ 47 48 ] . Of particular interest is the gene that encodes neurotensin receptor I, a short peptide receptor for neurotensin that exerts neuromodulatory functions in the central nervous system and endocrine/paracrine actions in the periphery [ 49 ] . Neuromodulin is also involved in the growth and regeneration of axons, and in the elongation of axons as an axonal transport membrane protein [ 45 ] . Synuclein is expressed in the nervous tissues and mutations in this gene are associated with rare familial cases of early-onset Parkinson's disease [ 50 ] . Gamma synuclein is also involved in tumorigenesis [ 42 ] . PKC-g mutation has been shown to lead to neurodegeneration [ 51 ] . Dachshund, a putative transcription factor, plays a role in retinal development [ 52 ] . Huntingtin-interacting protein-2 is involved in the neurodegenerative Huntington disease [ 53 ] ."

"Another interesting feature in the expression profile of cells lacking mtDNA is the low expression of many genes that play a role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system [ 47 48 ] . Of particular interest is the gene that encodes neurotensin receptor I, a short peptide receptor for neurotensin that exerts neuromodulatory functions in the central nervous system and endocrine/paracrine actions in the periphery [ 49 ] . Neuromodulin is also involved in the growth and regeneration of axons, and in the elongation of axons as an axonal transport membrane protein [ 45 ] . Synuclein is expressed in the nervous tissues and mutations in this gene are associated with rare familial cases of early-onset Parkinson's disease [ 50 ] . Gamma synuclein is also involved in tumorigenesis [ 42 ] . PKC-g mutation has been shown to lead to neurodegeneration [ 51 ] . Dachshund, a putative transcription factor, plays a role in retinal development [ 52 ] . Huntingtin-interacting protein-2 is involved in the neurodegenerative Huntington disease [ 53 ] ."

"Promoter methylation has been well recognized as an important epigenetic change in the development of cancer [ 1 ] . Normally, CpG islands in the promoter regions of a number of genes are present in an unmethylated state [ 2 ] . Aberrant methylation of CpG islands in promoters is characteristic of several genes in cancer leading to loss of gene expression."

"A unique feature of GCTs is their origin from germ cells at a stage in development where they undergo epigenetic reprogramming [ 6 13 ] . The absence of this epigenetic modification in SGCTs is consistent with their GC-like nature as previously noted [ 6 14 ] . On the other hand, the extensive promoter hypermethylation seen in NSGCTs suggests a mechanistic role in their potential for embryonal and extra-embryonal lineage differentiation [ 6 14 ] . Establishment of DNA methylation in the mammalian genome is controlled by at least three DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNMT1 , DNMT3a and DNMT3b [ 15 ] . The role of these DNMTs in differential de novo methylation in SGCT vs."

"Pax3 gene encodes a transcriptional factor important in early development program, while FKHR gene encodes another generic transcriptional factor that is widely expressed in mammalian tissues."

"Ese-1/Esx is a member of the Ets transcription factor family and is expressed mainly in epithelial tissue [ 30 ] . Its expression has been detected during mammary gland development and breast tumorigenesis [ 47 48 ] . It is noteworthy that Ese-1/Esx is a potential transcriptional regulator of the TGFβ type II receptor [ 31 ] and overexpression of Ese-1/Esx in non-invasive cells leads to a reduction in cell growth in the presence of TGFβ, presumably because of an increased TGFβ type II receptor level [ 49 ] . It is interesting that TGFβ-dependent downregulation of Ese-1/Esx is not affected by SB-203580."

"Converging evidence from epidemiological and molecular studies suggests that infection of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is causally linked to the development of CC [ 4 ] . Since only a small fraction of HPV-infected cervical intra-epithelial neoplastic (CIN) lesions progress to invasive cancer, these studies further suggest that in addition to HPV, other host genetic factors play a role in cervical carcinogenesis [ 5 ] . A number of molecular studies have identified genetic alterations in these two histologic types of CC and at various stages of precursor lesions [ 6 7 8 ] . Despite this molecular characterization, the genetic basis of CC initiation and progression is still very poorly understood."

Epigenetic hypermethylation in the promoter regions of a number of genes has been recognized as an important change in the development of human cancer [ 9 ] . A growing number of cancer-related genes have been identified to harbor methylation of cytosine residues in CpG-rich promoter sequences.

7%) showed absent or reduced expression suggesting that CDH1 inactivation is a later event in CC development.

"If confirmed, the down-regulated RARB expression in high-grade CINs suggests that this occurs early in progression and plays a role in the development of CC."

"Genetic alterations play an important role in the development of CC [ 4 7 8 ] . Our extensive molecular analyses identified a number of specific genetic changes in invasive CC and its precursor lesions [ 6 14 15 16 17 18 19 ] . However, epigenetic alteration in cervical tumorigenesis is not well characterized [ 12 13 ] . In the present study, we identified an overall methylation in 87."

"Therefore, these data indicate that the methylation of CDH1 gene is a late event in the development of CC."

These results support the tumor suppressor role of HIC1 and its inactivation by promoter methylation in CC may be a critical epigenetic change in tumor development.

"Association of APC promoter methylation with MSI phonotype has been previously reported in endometrial cancer [ 45 ] . Although the significance of these results is currently unclear, we believe that inactivation of these genes by promoter methylation causes microsatellite instability and may contribute to the development of CC."

"Thus, our data also suggest that epigenetic changes that accompany methylation are common in CC and play critical role in CC development."

This knowledge of epigenetic changes in CC may have implications in our understanding of the role they play in CC development.

"The transcription factor NF-κB plays a critical role in controlling expression of downstream target genes in immune and inflammatory responses, development, and apoptosis [ 30 ] . Important advances have been made in understanding the signal transduction cascades that control NF-κB activation."

"Studies have yet to resolve all the mechanisms of action of LC-PUFA, in particular the remarkable phenotypic differences between populations that consume different quantities of fish and fish oil in their diets [ 1 2 3 4 5 ] . Dietary LC-PUFA affect processes including: growth, neurological development, lean and fat mass accretion, reproduction, innate and acquired immunity, infectious pathologies of viruses, bacteria and parasites; and the incidence and severity of virtually all chronic and degenerative diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and skin diseases [ 6 7 8 9 10 11 ] . Due to lack of mechanistic knowledge, predictions for optimal intake of nutritionally important LC-PUFA remain vague and dietary recommendations simply relate to prevention of overt deficiency."

"This has been associated with selective retention and/or elimination of synapses that are transiently overproduced during memory consolidation [ 89 ] . In rat hippocampus, during development, PKCδ can negatively regulate polysialyltransferase activity and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) polysialylation state [ 89 ] . NCAM is implicated in neural differentiation and cellular plasticity [ 90 ] . Our observed decrease in Prkcd expression may have affected hippocampal polysialyltransferase activity."

Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities play a major role in the development and progression of coronary artery disease.

"However, the development of DNA microarray technology, which allows rapid interrogation of thousands of genes and the detection of gene expression at frequencies even less than 1 in 100,000, has now greatly facilitated such experimentation [ 32 33 ] . This communication represents our initial efforts to use DNA microarrays in a reductionist approach to begin to identify the genes expressed as a consequence of triggering each individual ligand during lymphocyte activation."

"Several signaling events, including the activation of Jak kinases 1 and 3 are shared among the 'common γ chain' cytokines [ 50 ] . Other signaling events, such as the activation of Shc, Gab2, SHP-2 and MAPK, are shared among IL-2 and 15, but not the other common γ chain cytokine receptors, and Tyr 388 of IL-2Rβ appears critical for these events [ 51 ] . Despite these signaling similarities, it is clear that the biological properties of IL-2 are unique among the common γ chain cytokines, as the other cytokines cannot compensate for IL-2 in the IL-2 knockout mouse [ 52 ] . In addition, IL-15 appears uniquely critical for the development of NK cells, as evidenced by the phenotypes of IL-15 [ 53 ] and IL-15R α [ 54 ] deficient mice."

"Current clinical guidelines [ 5 ] call for persons infected with HIV to take a combination of antiretroviral medications to decrease viral load, maintain immune cell function, and prevent the development of resistant viral strains."

"New developments in the treatment of HIV have produced dramatic improvements in the clinical and immunologic health for many patients, with a resulting reduction in deaths due to AIDS in the United States."

"Estrogenic steroids regulate cellular function in a wide variety of tissues [ 1 ] . During human pregnancy, the production of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) rises eighty fold, from 0.75 nM preovulatory peak to 60 nM at term [ 2 3 4 5 ] , and estrogens influence various aspects of placental function and fetal development in humans and primates [ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ] . Several previous studies have shown that human placenta binds estradiol [ 13 14 15 ] . However, more recent immunohistochemical studies on paraffin-embedded or snap frozen sections as well as other techniques (RT-PCR for ER-alpha mRNA) failed to demonstrate estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in human placentae during pregnancy or in cultures of dispersed placental cells [ 16 17 ] . However, it has been indicated that the failure to detect the ERα does not entirely preclude the presence of this receptor in human trophoblast cells, but might be attributed to a relatively low number and density of ERα molecules on these cells [ 17 ] . On the other hand, Billiar et al."

"For the purpose of statistical analysis in this study, the PT1 and PT2 placentae were coupled, since they can be considered as normal placentae capable of responding and fulfilling the demands of the growing fetus by compensatory villous development or expansion of existing mature villi [ 30 ] . They were compared with placental types showing moderate and severe abnormality (coupled PT3 and PT4)."

This correlated with poor development of syncytial aggregates.

"Yet, ERα at mid-pregnancy levels further stimulated syncytium development, as evidenced by the development of extremely large syncytial aggregates in late cultures from normal placentae, and development of large syncytial aggregates in cultures from abnormal placentae."

"Yet, ERα at mid-pregnancy levels further stimulated syncytium development, as evidenced by the development of extremely large syncytial aggregates in late cultures from normal placentae, and development of large syncytial aggregates in cultures from abnormal placentae."

"Yet, ERα at mid-pregnancy levels further stimulated syncytium development, as evidenced by the development of extremely large syncytial aggregates in late cultures from normal placentae, and development of large syncytial aggregates in cultures from abnormal placentae."

"However, it is important to note that pharmacological levels of E2 (200 nM) have been found to suppress development of syncytial aggregates even in cultures derived from normal placentae (unpublished data)."

"The rate of reproductive development and the onset of fertility are influenced by an array of environmental factors that can be broadly grouped as physical, nutritional, and social [ 1 ] . Chief among social cues in mammals are priming pheromones that can retard or accelerate sexual development within constraints of factors such as photoperiod and nutritional status of the individual."

"The rate of reproductive development and the onset of fertility are influenced by an array of environmental factors that can be broadly grouped as physical, nutritional, and social [ 1 ] . Chief among social cues in mammals are priming pheromones that can retard or accelerate sexual development within constraints of factors such as photoperiod and nutritional status of the individual."

The 90 day old group provided baseline data for assessment of development in both unexposed and exposed animals.

"This study demonstrates that exposure of juvenile females to pheromone from a single source, the male suprasternal gland, accelerates ovarian follicular development and first estrus."

"As in the majority of mammalian species, successful embryonic development in the pig requires temporally and spatially specific gene expression essential to placental and embryonic differentiation during early gestation."

Expressing the appropriate transcripts during development of the pig conceptus is essential for expansion of the trophoblast and placental attachment to the uterine surface.

"Prenatal mortality in the pig ranges from 20% to 46% by term [ 1 ] , the majority of which occurs during peri-implantation conceptus development [ 2 ] . The peri-implantation period is the most critical stage of conceptus development as a rapid morphological transformation of the trophoblast occurs just prior to conceptus attachment to the uterine surface [ 3 ] . Rapid transformation of the trophoblast, termed trophoblastic elongation, occurs during days 11 to 12 of gestation."

"Prenatal mortality in the pig ranges from 20% to 46% by term [ 1 ] , the majority of which occurs during peri-implantation conceptus development [ 2 ] . The peri-implantation period is the most critical stage of conceptus development as a rapid morphological transformation of the trophoblast occurs just prior to conceptus attachment to the uterine surface [ 3 ] . Rapid transformation of the trophoblast, termed trophoblastic elongation, occurs during days 11 to 12 of gestation."

"It has been estimated that approximately 10,000 genes must be appropriately expressed for successful pre-implantation and early fetal development [ 7 ] . A number of mRNAs hypothesized to be involved with early porcine conceptus development have been evaluated."

"It has been estimated that approximately 10,000 genes must be appropriately expressed for successful pre-implantation and early fetal development [ 7 ] . A number of mRNAs hypothesized to be involved with early porcine conceptus development have been evaluated."

"[ 8 ] characterized gene expression for retinoic acid receptors (RAR) α, β and γ as well as retinal binding proteins (RBP) during early porcine conceptus development and trophoblast elongation."

"Due to the limited time frame when conceptuses are in tubular transitional development (2-3 hrs) and difficulty in determining when tubular conceptuses are in the uterus following mating, one uterine horn was removed on day 11."

"However, given that gilt, as a random effect, did not significantly alter the variation due to the model and not all gilts were represented across all stages of development, gilt was deleted from the model."

During early porcine development a rapid morphological transformation of the conceptus from a spherical (9-10 mm) to filamentous (> 150 mm) morphology is required to establish adequate placenta to uterine contact necessary for survival [ 2 ] . Characterization of the specific subset of genes regulating peri-implantation conceptus development and trophoblastic elongation in the pig provides valuable information concerning key developmental events essential to embryonic survival after trophoblastic elongation [ 1 ] .

During early porcine development a rapid morphological transformation of the conceptus from a spherical (9-10 mm) to filamentous (> 150 mm) morphology is required to establish adequate placenta to uterine contact necessary for survival [ 2 ] . Characterization of the specific subset of genes regulating peri-implantation conceptus development and trophoblastic elongation in the pig provides valuable information concerning key developmental events essential to embryonic survival after trophoblastic elongation [ 1 ] .

Previous information regarding genes critical to development in early pig pregnancy is limited.

"However, MPS-1 gene expression needs to be quantitatively analyzed across the stages of conceptus development."

"Given the substantial increase in gene expression and temporal relationship to conceptus development, OSU-T1-50 may play an important role in trophoblastic elongation."

Future studies will attempt to identify the gene and its translated protein to determine the biological function during conceptus development.

SAHH may have significant impact on the conceptuses ability to use folates during this transitional stage of development.

"Addition of an inhibitor to SAHH, 3-deazaaristeromycin, inhibits inner cell mass proliferation and differentiation during in vitro development of non-mutant embryos [ 28 ] ."

"As in other species, SAHH is likely a biological regulator of the SAM/SAH ratio controlling the occurrence of transmethylation reactions to the degree of which they are necessary for successful porcine conceptus development."

"Advanced conceptuses, those that elongate first, have a much greater advantage with regards to acquiring ample placental:uterine contact and also limit the available uterine capacity for those conceptuses lagging in development [ 2 ] . While gene expression for SAHH was present at all stages evaluated, an approximate 7-fold increase in relative expression for this transcript over a 2-3 hour time period is noteworthy."

Increased SAHH expression by advanced conceptuses suggests there would also be increased homocysteine released into the uterine lumen that may have an embryo-toxic effect on neighboring conceptuses lagging in development.

Gene expression changes for HSC70 during early development have previously been associated with neurulation in Xenopus [ 29 ] and chick [ 30 ] embryos.

Negative mutations of HSC70 in the nervous system of Drosophila larvae resulted in both developmental defects and lethality [ 31 ] . The increased HSC70 gene expression during trophoblastic elongation is temporally associated with neural tube development in pig conceptuses.

The egg is a transcriptionally inactive cell and as such is a storehouse of maternal proteins and mRNA required for fertilization and the initiation of zygotic development.

"HSP70 is one of the first genes to be expressed following zygotic gene activation in the two-cell mouse embryo [ 38 39 40 ] and appears to play a role in developmental processes in a number of species [ 50 51 52 53 ] . Endogenous HSP90 has also been implicated in developmental regulation in the mouse [ 52 ] , and GRP78 is described as having a stress-response function during avian development [ 54 ] . Activation of the zygotic genome initiates an accumulation of embryonic transcripts in the early two-cell embryo, and this likely requires machinery to ensure the accurate translation and folding of nascent proteins."

"During development, selective cell death by apoptosis becomes crucial, and chaperone molecules in the egg may play a role in later apoptotic events."

"Voltage-gated K +channels in non-nerve, non-muscle cells play crucial roles in cell development, proliferation, migration, volume regulation, as well as maintenance of membrane potential and cell viability."

"Table 1lists the classical and non-classical estrogen sensitive tissues and cells [ 1 ] . Although several previous studies have shown that human placenta binds estradiol (E2) [ 2 3 4 ] , and estrogens influence various aspects of placental function and fetal development in humans and primates [ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ] , the placenta as a target for estrogens is missing."

"A recent study of βERKO mice has shown that ERβ is not required for the normal prepubertal development of the mammary gland but for organization and adhesion of epithelial cells during pregnancy and hence for differentiated tissue morphology [ 23 ] . These observations indicate a possibility of complementary (sequential) roles of ERα and ERβ, since ERα appears to be required for the basic development of estrogen sensitive tissues and ERβ seems to be required for their functional maturation."

"A recent study of βERKO mice has shown that ERβ is not required for the normal prepubertal development of the mammary gland but for organization and adhesion of epithelial cells during pregnancy and hence for differentiated tissue morphology [ 23 ] . These observations indicate a possibility of complementary (sequential) roles of ERα and ERβ, since ERα appears to be required for the basic development of estrogen sensitive tissues and ERβ seems to be required for their functional maturation."

"Development of mature ST aggregates (m, panel C) was associated with gradual diminution of nuclear staining (solid > white arrows), but persisting cytoplasmic ERβ immunoreactivity."

"We recently showed that exogenous E2 markedly stimulates development of large syncytial aggregates in trophoblast cultures [ 15 ] . We also observed that this effect can be abolished with pure anti-estrogen ICI 182,780 (unpublished data)."

"Other LIF effects that may influence the stress response through actions in the rodent nervous system are a LIF induced increase in acetylcholine [ 20 ] and LIF induced decreases in neuropeptide Y and tyrosine hydroxylase [ 21 ] . LIFR:gp130 signaling has strong effects in systems peripheral to but influenced by the HPA including reproductive, skeletal, nervous, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, immune and metabolic systems, with influences on both development and adult homeostasis [for reviews see [ 7 22 23 24 25 26 27 ] ]."

"This study explores the effect of alteration of the GC environment during late gestation, with the expectation that suppression of GC effects will improve the LIFR null newborn phenotype and identify LIFR as an obligatory player in concert with the maternal GC surge during late gestation development."

"RU486 administration during late gestation results in improved development of bone, skeletal muscle, and glial cells in LIFR null fetuses."

Within litter Lifr +/+ and +/- pups served as controls since there has been no detectable gene dose effect between Lifr +/+ and +/- at this stage of development.

"Thus, the impact of maternal adrenalectomy on the fetuses appeared to have a selective negative effect on the development of the Lifr -/- pups."

"Ordinarily very few GFAP positive cells are seen at this stage of development in wild type animals, making detection of GFAP positive cells dependent on particular spinal cord section viewed."

Lung development in all the pups looked normal as viewed on H&E stained thin sections.

"Maternal adrenalectomy worsens the osteopenia, while maternal hormone suppression through RU486 improves the presumed GC related phenotypes: osteopenia, skeletal muscle integrity and glial development."

The survival of Lifr -/- pups following RU486 treatment was similar to the phenotype seen in CNTFR null mice where neuronal development was disrupted which disallowed suckling [ 40 ] . This indicates that at least some of the problems encountered with neuronal development that affect normal suckling were not ameliorated by RU486.

The survival of Lifr -/- pups following RU486 treatment was similar to the phenotype seen in CNTFR null mice where neuronal development was disrupted which disallowed suckling [ 40 ] . This indicates that at least some of the problems encountered with neuronal development that affect normal suckling were not ameliorated by RU486.

"Excess GC activity due to LIFR loss is an unexpected result since LIF gain-of-function mice develop a Cushing's-like syndrome [ 29 30 ] . Thus, if the relationship were simple, loss of LIFR function would predict development of GC insufficiency."

A primary function of this surge is to allow development to switch from growth to maturation of a number of systems that will allow the pup to survive on separation from the mother.

"In addition, the maternal GC surge effectively leads to fetal glycogen accumulation in the liver for energy demands at birth, increased fetal bioavailable tri-iodothyronine from thyroxine to allow for an increased metabolic rate and thermogenesis required at birth, maturation of the fetal small gut to prepare for digestion, heightened fetal adrenal medullar catecholamine release for control of the above processes, maturation of fetal kidney function and a switch to bone marrow hematopoiesis from the fetal liver [reviewed by [ 41 ] ]. The timing of this maternal surge suggests that LIFR function is required at this point in development as a moderator of the consequences of excess GC level."

"In addition, a progesterone receptor knockout mouse model affects only female mice with reported effects limited to organs of reproduction causing anovulation, uterine hyperplasia and inflammation, limited mammary development and impaired sexual behavior [ 58 ] . There was no noticeable difference in phenotype in the Lifr -/- pups due to gender following any of the treatments (data not shown)."

5 [ 61 ] . This suggests that the effect of gp130 knockout on cardiac development is mediated outside of cardiac tissue and the primary developmental defect is peripheral to the heart.

"Given the improvement in skeletal muscle noted in this study following RU486, it would be reasonable to explore a central HPA defect following gp130 loss as the mediator of hypotrophic cardiac development."

"LIF and CNTF stimulate muscle regeneration in vivo [ 62 63 ] , as do other growth factors; such as insulin-like growth factor [ 64 65 ] . The power of LIF to regenerate muscle is seen in dystrophin null mdx mice, where exogenous LIF regenerates atrophied diaphragm muscle [ 66 ] . LIF induced signaling appears to be essential in muscle development as seen by muscle atrophy in the absence of LIFR on E18."

"LIF is also responsible for increased GFAP expression [ 69 ] , while signaling through LIFR:gp130 is critical in fostering the differentiation of neuronal precursors into astrocytes [ 70 ] mediated through STAT3 [ 71 72 73 74 ] . Glial cells respond to GC, which, in turn, can affect transcriptional control of GFAP level either positively or negatively [ 74 ] . The present study shows that GC's can play a critical role in hindering astrocyte development in the absence of LIFR as seen through the partial abrogation of this defect following exposure to RU486 in Lifr -/- mice."

RU486 crosses the blood-brain-barrier and is present at only 28% of levels seen in the serum [ 75 ] . Perhaps glial development would be further improved in the presence of higher levels of RU486 were these levels not abortive.

"This indicates that the improvement due to RU486 is implemented through modest alteration in GC regulation since complete loss of GR function leads to incomplete lung development at birth and impaired survival through atelectasis [ 77 ] . The neural compartment may have been under-protected by RU486 due to partial exclusion by the blood-brain-barrier, while bone and skeletal muscle, tissues exposed to higher levels of RU486, were clearly protected."

These results indicate that signaling through LIFR utilizing the LIFR:gp130 heterodimer is essential for an appropriate GC response during development.

"LHR immunoreactivity in porcine fallopian tubes was confined to the epithelium and smooth muscle cells, and in vitro LH treatment caused relaxation of the oviduct [ 35 ] . Also, LHR stimulation plays a role in the induction and maintenance of myometrial quiescence [ 36 37 38 ] . Since smooth muscles belong among important compartments of the pelvic floor, high LH levels after menopause might be involved in the increased incidence of pelvic floor disorders, a common condition in postmenopausal women [ 39 ] . Since the brain was reported to express functional LHR [ 29 30 ] , there is also a possibility that high LH levels in aging individuals may in some way participate in the development and progression of neurodegenerative process of several degenerative neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease."

"With respect to the follicular and luteal development, porcine ovaries were macroscopically classified as follows: Early/mid follicular - medium sized antral follicles (3-5 mm) accompanied by shrinking fibrous corpora lutea of similar size; late follicular - large antral follicles (>5 mm) not accompanied by any luteal tissue; early/ mid luteal - large corpora lutea (~10 mm) characterized by yellowish color; and late luteal - CL of diminishing size (~7 mm) with massive bleeding into the central cavity (bluish color) and no accompanying follicles."

"Early luteal development (fresh CL) was associated with very strong cytoplasmic LHR immunostaining of granulosa lutein cells migrating into the follicular cavity (gl, Fig."

"4), which contain LHR+ CL at various stages of development and regression, and developing and mature preovulatory follicles."

"Yet, elevated maternal mid-trimester chorionic gonadotropin is associated with fetal cerebral blood flow redistribution and adverse perinatal outcome [ 63 ] . In addition, estrogens, which are known to cause a diminution of high LH levels in postmenopausal women, have been reported to be effective in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease [ 72 73 74 ] . Microglia belong among cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system [ 75 ] . Since CG increases secretion of a variety of cytokines by monocytes, and induces their inflammatory reaction and phagocytic activity [ 76 77 78 79 ] , high LH levels in aging individuals may also activate resident macrophages in the central nervous system and contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease and other inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases."

"Abnormal placental LHR expression may play a role in the development of abnormal pregnancy and fetal outcome, and expression of LHR in the pelvic floor compartments suggests that high LH levels in postmenopausal women may contribute to pelvic floor relaxation and increased incidence of pelvic floor disorders."

"High LH levels in aging individuals may also participate in the development of inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease."

That maternal undernutrition can affect fetal ovarian development has been documented [ 1 ] . Experiments using the sheep as a paradigm indicate that meiotic maturation of germ cells is delayed by feed restriction [ 2 3 ] ; putative molecular mechanisms which mediate this effect are unknown.

The corpus luteum provides steroid hormonal support essential for the establishment and maintenance of early pregnancy [ 8 9 ] . Follicles undergo cycles of antral development and atresia throughout gestation [ 10 11 12 ] .

"Unlike males, which continue to generate sperm cells by mitosis throughout their reproductive lives, mammalian females are generally born with their full complement of (meiotic) gametes [ 30 ] . The normal chronology of ovarian development follows a definitive pattern."

"While cellular proliferation is a generic feature of normal germline development, so is programmed physiological death."

"In the GC, BMP-2 mRNA is expressed in a precise manner, indicating that gene activity is regulated during follicle development."

"This indicates that the GC become functionally diverse very early in follicle development, i.e. about the time the follicle has two layers of GC."

As the follicle undergoes its development to the preovulatory stage (i.e.

"This finding is consistent with the intriguing idea that the theca may begin to develop very early in preantral folliculogenesis, i.e. during the initial steps of primary follicle development."

"This loss of BMP-6 mRNA became evident soon after selection at E 0200 h, and continued through dominant follicle development."

"As follicle development proceeded, the expression of BMP-15 mRNA increased dramatically and very high near maximal levels were seen after the third layer of GC had formed (Fig."

In the early stages of primary follicle development the levels of BMPR-IA mRNA in the oocyte increased and were maximal in late preantral follicles (Fig.

"During the development of the dominant follicle, BMPR-IA mRNA was abundantly expressed but the signal appeared weaker than in the secondary follicles (Fig."

One of the most important concepts generated in the ovary BMP field is that oocyte derived GDF-9 [ 14 ] plays a role in the mechanisms governing the development of the second layer of GC i.e. the primary /secondary follicle transition.

"One interesting implication of our BMP-2 data is that the GC have already attained different states of differentiation by the early stages of secondary follicle development Based on previous work [ 32 33 ] , it is not unreasonable to propose that oocyte morphogens may have control over GC fate beginning as early as the primary/secondary follicle transition."

"First, we found that the genes encoding the BMP receptors (BMPR-IA, -IB, -II) are highly expressed in the DF throughout its course of development."

"Finally, with regard to FSH action, FS has been shown to neutralize the bioactivity of the FSH inhibitor, BMP-15 [ 39 ] . It is possible, therefore, that the strong expression of FS by the DF may serve to modulate BMP-15 action such that sufficient FSH receptors are expressed in the GC to permit the development of a preovulatory follicle."

"First, the classical view of CL development is that luteinization is inhibited by oocyte-derived luteinization inhibitors [ 32 40 41 ] , two of which have been identified as BMP-6 and -15 [ 8 12 ] . Therefore, the loss of oocyte BMP-6 and -15 at ovulation undoubtedly plays an especially prominent role in activating luteinization."

"Further characterization of potential CAR cofactors, as well as the development of sensitive and direct ligand binding assays will be required to define the molecular mechanisms that account for the diverse effects of rexinoids on CAR transactivation."

"Steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) are members of a family of ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate many biological processes, including metabolism, reproduction, and development."

"The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in many cytokines, hormones, and growth factors mediated signaling pathways to regulate a variety of biological responses, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation and survival [ 7 8 ] . Once STAT proteins are activated by tyrosine-phosphorylation, form homo or heterodimers that are translocated to the nucleus, where they can bind to specific sequences in the DNA, thereby stimulating gene transcription."

Activation of AR is a driving force in development and progression of prostate cancer.

"In models for the risk factors, it may be inappropriate to combine height and weight as the BMI [ 14 ] . From the standpoint of CHD events, it may be more risky for shorter individuals to gain weight than for taller individuals because coronary artery diameter is likely to be higher in taller subjects [ 15 ] . By contrast, the risk of diabetes may be less dependent on height; persisting energy imbalances may lead to similar outcomes in terms of the development of insulin resistance."

"This paper analyzed the effects of risk factors such as smoking, weight, HDL, LDL, and blood pressure for the development of chronic condition diabetes and CHD events using data from the FOS."

"Early in female development, one of the two X chromosomes in each cell undergoes an ordered process of inactivation, with subsequent silencing of most genes on the inactive X chromosome [ 8]."

"X inactivation occurs at a very early time point in development, and thus the results in one tissue should reflect the general situation in the rest of the body."

"This could be a chance event, or it may result from selection for certain X-linked alleles during embryonic development, as has been described in carriers of X-linked immunodeficiencies [ 17]."

"Early in female development, one of the two X chromosomes in each cell undergoes an ordered process of inactivation, with subsequent silencing of most genes on the inactive X chromosome [ 8]."

"X inactivation occurs at a very early time point in development, and thus the results in one tissue should reflect the general situation in the rest of the body."

"This could be a chance event, or may result from selection for certain X-linked alleles during embryonic development, as has been described in carriers of X-linked immunodeficiencies [ 17]."

The correlation between the expression of these two markers therefore suggests the possibility that CCR6 may play a role in the development of aggregates of CD4 +T cells that are characteristically found in rheumatoid synovium.

The correlation between the expression of these two markers therefore suggests the possibility that CCR6 might play a role in the development of aggregates of CD4 +T cells that are characteristically found in rheumatoid synovium.

"Cultures supplemented with a mixture of 100 nmol dexamethasone, 0.05 mmol ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, and 10 mmol β-glycerophosphate (conditions that favor the development of osteoblasts) developed only round or cuboidal cells, and not fibroblast-like ones (Fig."

Recent studies [ 32] have suggested that there is an intrinsic defect in the development of IL-4-producing effector cells in RA patients.

"MCP-1 has been shown to play an important role in the development of arthritis in MRL-lpr mice [ 22], whereas the migration of monocytes into inflammatory sites was reduced in the CCR2-deficient mouse [ 23]."

"Similar clonal development of antibody VH genes has been demonstrated in the SM in RA patients [ 11, 12, 13, 14, 15] and in reactive arthritis (ReA) patients [ 16]."

Recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the growth and development of hematopoietic stem cells and decreases the proinflammatory mediators of cytokine and nitric oxide production [ 1].

"The cause of SSc is unknown but the early stage is characterized by a dense mononuclear cell infiltrate in tissues, suggesting that activation of the immune system results in the development of tissue fibrosis [ 3, 4]."

The clinical observation that sexual dimorphism plays a role in the immune response suggests that the endocrine system is an important factor for the development and maintenance of the response.

"Although it is arguable that our series of patients, not being a representative sample, is unsuitable for evaluation of the frequency of RAD in patients with hypogonadism, we investigated RAD only in those who had not been treated for their hypogonadism, to avoid the possibility that androgen replacement had interfered with the development of RAD [ 30, 31]."

The development of RAD only in those patients with severe testicular dysfunction suggests that such dysfunction is one endogenous factor that predisposes to the development of RAD.

"Despite the increased odds ratio for the development of SLE in such patients, the confidence interval was very wide, suggesting that other factors in addition to hormonal and genetic alterations affect the development of SLE in these patients."

"Despite the increased odds ratio for the development of SLE in such patients, the confidence interval was very wide, suggesting that other factors in addition to hormonal and genetic alterations affect the development of SLE in these patients."

The development of dermatomyositis and JRA was higher in our patients than in the general population (

"If our argument is correct, low serum testosterone levels favor the development of RAD in the hypogonadic male patient, while in the normogonadic male who develops RAD (mainly in RA) the decrease of testosterone serum levels is due to an increase in its metabolism for the activated immune system, with the subsequent elevation of E 2 . These differences could also explain the low or almost null association of RA and hypogonadism [ 13]."

We chose this data baseline because it represents a large number of genes that may be expressed during development and again during disease pathology.

"Tenascin, an adhesion molecule that is expressed during cartilage development [ 45], was induced by IL-1β in SW1353 cells (Table 2, panel C)."

"Interestingly, jagged-1 is important for epithelial-mesenchymal cell interaction in development [ 50], and mutations in the jagged gene lead to Alagille syndrome, a congenital connective tissue disorder whose hallmarks include craniofacial and vertebral deformities [ 51]."

"We have found that the development of PG-specific antibodies correlates with the development of arthritis, and that PG-specific autoantibodies increase the severity of disease."

"We have found that the development of PG-specific antibodies correlates with the development of arthritis, and that PG-specific autoantibodies increase the severity of disease."

The correlation between PG-specific autoantibody isotype and development of arthritis suggests a pathological role for IgG2a isotype in disease.

"While the disease is generally assumed to be age related, there is evidence that health risk behaviors that might be potentially modifiable are involved in its development [ 1, 2]."

"Antecedent infection with many different microbes is often associated with the development of autoimmune disease in humans, but the pathogenic mechanisms involved, if any, are unknown."

"Experimental arthritis models have contributed to the basic understanding of joint disease and to the development of effective antiarthritic agents [ 19 ] . Several models have been used to mimic human RA, ranging from immunization with cartilage components to infection with joint trophic organisms [ 20 21 ] . Blocking TNF-α [ 6 22 ] or IL-1 [ 23 24 ] in these models has routinely shown benefit, although some questions remain regarding the role of these cytokines in mitigating joint inflammation versus preventing cartilage degradation and bone erosion [ 25 ] ."

"In animal models of arthritis, systemic treatment with IL-10 and adenovirus-mediated transfer of viral IL-10 moderately suppresses the development of arthritis, but is significantly more effective when combined with IL-4 [ 19 20 21 22 23 24 ] . The evidence for the importance of IL-10 is further supported by the fact that in vivo anti-IL-10 treatment accelerates disease in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) [ 22 ] ."

"To address the effects of complete elimination of IL-10 in vivo on the development of CIA and to understand the mechanism responsible for IL-10 regulation, we examined the development of arthritis in homozygous IL-10 -/-IL-10-deficient mice."

"To address the effects of complete elimination of IL-10 in vivo on the development of CIA and to understand the mechanism responsible for IL-10 regulation, we examined the development of arthritis in homozygous IL-10 -/-IL-10-deficient mice."

"To determine whether IL-10 functions as an endogenous inhibitor of inflammatory arthritis, we examined the development of disease using the CIA model."

"In addition to the cellular immune response, anticollagen antibodies are required for the development of arthritis."

"Considering the tremendous morbidity and cost of metabolic bone diseases [ 3 ] , improving our molecular understanding of osteoclast development and function is critical towards the design of therapies to combat these prevalent diseases."

"It is probable that signals such as IFN-γ will be interpreted differently by precursors at various stages of development, with consequent effects on disease."

"Recently, a subset of CD4 +T cells was identified that is present on 5-10% of CD4 +T cells in normal naïve mice and expresses CD25 (the α-chain of IL-2 receptor) [ 4 5 ] . Functional analysis of murine CD4 +CD25 +T cells showed that those cells, which constitutively express cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 [ 6 7 8 ] , fail to proliferate or secret cytokines in response to polyclonal or antigen-specific stimulation, but inhibit the activation of conventional responsive T cells [ 1 2 3 8 9 ] . The suppressive activity of the CD4 +CD25 +T cells depends on signaling via the negative regulator of T-cell activation CTLA-4 [ 7 ] and requires a cell-cell interaction that possibly involves cell surface bound transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 [ 1 10 ] . It has been shown that B7/CD28 costimulation is essential for the development and homeostasis of the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells [ 6 ] , which play critical roles not only in preventing autoimmunity but also in controlling tumor immunity and transplantation tolerance [ 2 11 ] ."

Proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA) is a novel autoimmune murine model that is induced by systemic immunization of BALB/c mice with cartilage proteoglycans [ 12 13 ] . The development of PGIA is based on the cross-reactive immune response between immunizing human and mouse (self) cartilage proteoglycans in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice [ 12 13 ] . Several lines of evidence indicate T-cell involvement in the pathogenesis of PGIA.

"In order to determine whether CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells play a role in the development of PGIA, we monitored the CD4 +CD25 +-expressing regulatory T cells in mice with PGIA during an entire immunization period."

"We also transferred purified CD4 +CD25 +T cells from naïve BALB/c mice together with spleen cells from arthritic animals, or alternatively transferred CD4 +CD25 +-depleted spleen cells from arthritic animals into SCID mice, and then monitored disease development in SCID mice."

Our data suggest that the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells might not be essential for controlling the development of PGIA.

Lack of correlation between development of arthritis and expression of CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells in PGIA

This observation suggests that the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells might not be involved in the development of PGIA.

"Although it has been shown that the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells can suppress the development of autoimmunity, a recent report [ 27 ] demonstrated that depletion of the CD4 +CD25 +T cells is necessary but not sufficient for induction of autoimmune gastritis."

"Note that we used different ratios of the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells to the effector cells, and we did not observe any suppression of arthritis development."

"3d, right panel), which is consistent with a recent report that the effective function of the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells is T-cell receptor (TCR) specific [ 28 ] . Collectively, our data suggest that the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells may not be involved in the development of PGIA."

"To investigate whether a deficiency in the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells may lead to an increase in the development of PGIA, we immunized wild-type and CD28-deficient BALB/c mice with proteoglycan, and disease incidence was monitored."

These data suggest that the CD4 +CD25 +cells may not be involved in the development of PGIA.

No suppression of development of PGIA in SCID mice was observed.

"Taken together, our data suggest that the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells may not regulate the development of PGIA."

"In induced models of autoimmunity, the CD28-B7 interaction has been shown to regulate disease susceptibility by rendering autoreactive T cells anergic, or alternatively by upregulating the threshold for autoreactive T-cell activation [ 30 ] . Furthermore, we previously showed that impaired Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD) of autoreactive T-helper-1 cells may be responsible for the development of PGIA [ 20 ] . Therefore, AICD and/or T-cell anergy, but not the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells, may be responsible for deletion or inactivation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune arthritis."

Our results showed that the percentage of the CD4 +CD25 +regulatory T cells does not change during the development of PGIA.

"During normal B cell development, the processes of gene segment recombination and coding end processing yield nucleotide HCDR3 lengths that are characteristic and virtually invariant for an individual B-cell clone."

"Although our results do not preclude the development of gene therapy approaches to express regulated TGF-β1 systemically to downmodulate the immune response, the results suggest that any clinical application of local TGF-β1 gene transfer should proceed with caution."

"Smoking is known to be associated with production of RF [ 6 16 20 ] ; RF production, in turn, often precedes the development of clinical disease [ 12 16 ] . Furthermore, it appears to be independent of HLA-DR restricted immune response [ 13 ] . In our study, we found that this paradigm held well for men but not women."

"Development of antibodies to DEK could even be a primary event in the pathogenesis of JRA, with disruption of nuclear events due to penetration of anti-DEK antibodies into living cells [ 35 ] . It remains to be determined whether anti-DEK antibodies are directly involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, or if they result from generally enhanced immunoreactivity."

"Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the development and pathogenicity of infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders, such as septic shock, arthritis, and hypotension [ 1 2 3 4 ] . It plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory cascade and, together with IL-1 and IL-6, has been shown to mediate the acute-phase response [ 5 6 ] . Confirmation of its significance in disease comes from the success of clinical trials using anti-TNF therapy to treat rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease [ 7 8 9 10 ] ."

"Early work by Carballo and colleagues [ 38 ] showed the importance of macrophages, not lymphocytes, in the development of the phenotype associated with TTP deficiency."

"TNF is a predominant proinflammatory cytokine, particularly in sepsis and chronic inflammatory disorders suggesting that the role of its negative regulator, TTP, may be of functional importance in the development and pathogenesis of disease."

"In conclusion, we have provided evidence that active MMP-2 complexes are detectable in the inflamed RA synovium and may be involved in the development of early bony erosions."

"Although the pathologic processes that underlie the development of erosions are incompletely understood, a considerable body of evidence has suggested that a pannus of cells that originate in chronically inflamed, proliferative synovial tissue becomes locally invasive, and enzymatically degrades the matrix of the articular cartilage and periarticular bone [ 4]."

"Overall, the present observations suggest an association between the presence of active synovial gelatinases and the early development of erosive articular damage."

In the present study we provided evidence that active MMP-2 complexes are expressed in the synovium and may be involved in the development of bony erosions.

"Although the etiologies and pathologies of RA and OA differ, it is clear that in both of these diseases pro-inflammatory cytokines are present, resulting in an inflammatory state as well as cartilage degradation [ 14 ] . As further evidence for the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RA, anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) and anti-interleukin 1 (anti-IL-1) therapies can reduce inflammation and retard the progression of disease as assessed radiographically [ 15 16 ] . However, side-effects with these approaches, such as the development of lymphomas in patients using anti-TNF-α therapies, demonstrate that alternative therapies are needed [ 17 ] ."

"Naturally occurring triterpenoids, such as ursolic acid, have been found to have mild anti-inflammatory effects [ 18 27 ] . These have been improved with the development of synthetic triterpenoids such as CDDO, offering a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of arthritis and other diseases [ 19 20 21 ] . Furthermore, it has been reported that CDDO at high doses (5-10 μM) can have pro-apoptotic effects, ideal for the treatment of leukemia but of concern with regard to chondrocyte cell death [ 25 26 ] . However, we found that CDDO, at concentrations that decrease MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression (namely 300 nM and 1 μM), did not cause cell death."

"During the preclinical development of IL-1Ra gene therapy, we often noticed that transfer of the IL-1Ra gene provided a far greater biologic effect than administration of the recombinant protein."

"It will be of interest to find out whether the cumulative prevalence of specific autoantibody subsets tends to increase over time, as this would suggest that the mechanisms underlying the development of these reactivities continue to evolve over the course of the arthropathy."

"Alternatively, it is possible that the development of anti-RA-33 reactivity increases as the diseases progresses."

"It will be of interest to find out whether the cumulative prevalence of specific autoantibody subsets tends to increase over time, as this would suggest that the mechanisms underlying the development of these reactivities continue to evolve over the course of the arthropathy."

Chemoprevention has been defined as the use of noncytotoxic nutrients or pharmacologic agents to enhance intrinsic physiologic mechanisms that protect the organism against the development of mutant clones and their progression to malignant cancer.

"Furthermore, loss of the receptor correlated with increased risk of subsequent development of invasive breast cancer."

"Thus, loss of TGF-β response may be a very early event in the development of human breast cancer."

"The NMU-induced rat model of mammary tumorigenesis is widely used for chemoprevention studies, and yields rapid development of hormonally responsive mammary tumors with 100% incidence [ 2, 4, 18]."

"To do this, the initiating agent is given at 8 weeks of age and the chemopreventive agent is started a week later, during the period of active development of the mammary gland."

Part of the chemopreventive efficacy of antiestrogens and retinoids in this model may therefore be due to a generalized decrease in ductal development.

"By 12 weeks of treatment, all three chemopreventive agents had a significant effect on glandular histology, with tamoxifen and 9cRA showing the greatest suppression of ductal development and lobule formation, and 4-HPR showing a relatively mild effect."

Chemoprevention has been defined as the use of noncytotoxic nutrients or pharmacologic agents to enhance intrinsic physiologic mechanisms that protect the organism against the development of mutant clones and their progression to malignant cancer [ 27].

"By 12 weeks of treatment, all three chemopreventive agents had a significant effect on glandular histology, with tamoxifen and 9cRA showing the greatest suppression of ductal development and lobule formation, and 4-HPR showing a relatively mild effect."

"Thus, unlike in the colon, loss of TGF-β response may be a very early event in the development of human breast cancer."

"The NMU-induced rat model of mammary tumorigenesis is widely used for chemoprevention studies and yields rapid development of hormonally responsive mammary tumors with 100% incidence [ 2, 4, 18]."

"Since sexual maturity is achieved at approximately 11 weeks of age in rats, this means that the chemopreventive agent is given during a period of active development of the mammary gland."

"Specifically, there were fewer terminal end-buds and less tertiary branching, which are indicative of a delay or arrest in normal mammary development."

This is consistent with the known requirement for estrogen for proper mammary development [ 51].

"Thus, part of the chemopreventive efficacy of antiestrogens and retinoids in this model may be due to a generalized decrease in ductal development."

Development of cell lines and cell culture

The finding of a nutritional effect on breast development before puberty agrees with the results from migrant studies demonstrating that it takes two or more generations to increase breast cancer risk.

"Because of the lack of a lifetime history of soy intake in our study, we do not know whether soy consumption during early life when breast development occurred was similar to the current intake."

"In conclusion, this examination of mammographic characteristics detected some associations with soy foods that suggest an influence of nutritional patterns on the development of the female breast."

"A nutritional effect on breast development before puberty agrees with the results from migrant studies demonstrating that it takes two or more generations to increase breast cancer risk [ 31, 32]."

We therefore do not know whether soy consumption during earlier life when breast development occurred was similar to the current intake.

"In conclusion, this examination of mammographic characteristics detected some associations with soy foods that suggest an influence of nutritional patterns on the development of the female breast."

A complete understanding of the genetic events involved in breast tumorigenesis and their heterogeneity in relation to stage specificity will be critical to the development of successful treatments.

The heterogeneous nature of breast cancer alterations could have important implications for the development of targeted therapies.

A complete understanding of all the genetic events involved in breast tumorigenesis and their heterogeneity in relation to stage specificity will therefore be critical to the development of successful treatments.

"Chromosome 18p LOH always occurred in conjunction with LOH on 3p, 9p, 17p and 17q independent of tumor stage, suggesting this group of loci were critical to the development of breast cancer."

"In metastatic breast cancer, the development of a MDR phenotype is primarily responsible for insensitivity to a new drug [ 2]."

The development of MCF7/ADR cells was induced by treating MCF7/WT with ADR.

None of the genes that were differentially expressed between these adjacent tumors had a known role in breast cancer development.

"Germline mutations in the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 , which is located on chromosome 17q21, are associated with a predisposition to the development of cancer in these organs [ 1, 2]."

"Germline mutations in the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 , which is located on chromosome 17q21, are associated with a predisposition to the development of cancer in these organs [ 1, 2]."

"For example, analyses of mammary gland growth and development show high levels of BRCA1 expression in terminal end buds during puberty and in budding alveoli during pregnancy."

"This is especially important during early embryonic development as well as in the development and function of adult tissues such as the gonadal cells (ie ovarian and testes) [ 41, 48]."

"This is especially important during early embryonic development as well as in the development and function of adult tissues such as the gonadal cells (ie ovarian and testes) [ 41, 48]."

"For example, BRCA1 expression is critical during development, as evidenced by the embryonic lethality in transgenic knockout mice [ 29, 30, 52]."

"The WHR, a measure of central adiposity, is gaining increased use as a measure of etiologically significant obesity and is thought to be more closely related to pathology, especially coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and stroke [ 7 ] . The metabolic changes that accompany obesity include peripheral hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased serum low-density lipoprotein, increased serum very low-density lipoprotein, increased serum leptin, dyslipidemia, increased serum cortisol clearance, increased serum C-peptide level, downregulation of insulin receptors and an exaggerated insulin response to an oral glucose load [ 12 13 14 15 ] . These changes, especially when they occur in early adulthood, may be of fundamental importance in the development of breast cancer [ 9 16 ] ."

"Obesity is also associated with significant hormonal changes such as decreased serum estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels, increased peripheral fat conversion of estrogens to progesterone and increased serum testosterone levels that may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer [ 17 ] . Estrogens are necessary for normal breast development, and they induce and promote mammary tumor growth in animal studies [ 18 ] . In addition, the close association between increased risk of breast cancer and certain reproductive factors such as early menarche and late menopause [ 19 ] , as well as the fall off in the rate of increase in the incidence of disease at menopause [ 20 ] and the lowered risk of breast cancer in oophorectomized women and those taking antiestrogens [ 21 22 ] , all support the role of estrogen in breast carcinogenesis."

"In addition, further knowledge of the genetic mechanisms that play an important role in metastasis could ultimately lead to the development of improved therapeutic procedures."

"HGF/SF induces mitogenic and morphogenic changes, including rapid membrane ruffling, formation of microspikes, and increased cellular motility [ 12 13 ] . The diverse biological effects of HGF/SF are all mediated by Met, which is preferentially expressed on epithelial cells [ 14 ] . In vivo this receptor-ligand pair is essential for normal embryonic development [ 15 16 ] . Whereas Met signaling clearly has a role in normal cellular processes, this signaling pathway has also been implicated in tumor development and progression."

"HGF/SF induces mitogenic and morphogenic changes, including rapid membrane ruffling, formation of microspikes, and increased cellular motility [ 12 13 ] . The diverse biological effects of HGF/SF are all mediated by Met, which is preferentially expressed on epithelial cells [ 14 ] . In vivo this receptor-ligand pair is essential for normal embryonic development [ 15 16 ] . Whereas Met signaling clearly has a role in normal cellular processes, this signaling pathway has also been implicated in tumor development and progression."

"HD proteins are involved in the control of development and differentiation in many organisms [ 3 4 ] . Initially discovered in Drosophila , mutations of the HB in homeobox genes result in vast morphologic abnormalities [ 3 ] . Subsequently, homologous HB genes have been cloned in many species including humans [ 5 6 7 ] ."

"Estrogen and progesterone, which stimulate the growth of breast epithelium, are two crucial hormones involved not only in normal breast development but also in carcinogenesis of breast epithelium and progression of breast cancer [ 28 ] . About 40% of breast cancers are ER-negative [ 28 ] . ER-negative tumors are unresponsive to anti-estrogen therapy, probably because of constitutive growth factor expression [ 28 29 ] . In general, these tumors have a higher histologic grade and a higher proliferative rate and are associated with poorer prognosis [ 28 ] . The finding that 100% of ER-negative tumors expressed BP1 might therefore be highly relevant to both the prognosis and therapy of those difficult-to-treat tumors."

"Because BP1 was expressed in all tumor grades, we propose that it is activated in an early stage of malignant development or even in a premalignant state."

"Because many questions required the recall of adolescent factors, the interview used three memory tools developed during the pilot phase of this study: a visualization exercise, a magnetic memory board, and photographs of girls at various stages of development in a variety of social settings."

"As occurs typically, the predictive power is not as high in a cross-validation as in the original model development ( C = 0.83 in the Silber model), but the cross-validation C -statistic is strong evidence for the usefulness of the model."

"OPN is a secreted glycophosphoprotein expressed by a number of cell types, including leukocytes and epithelial lineages, and it has been implicated biologically in bone development, in immune system regulation [ 6 ] , and in multiple mechanisms through signal transduction via its binding to integrins [ 7 ] . OPN has been detected in primary breast tumors and is elevated in the plasma of patients with metastatic breast cancer [ 8 9 ] , but an association between elevated levels of primary tumor OPN and metastatic burden has not been well established."

"Clinically, TYRP-1 is thought to be important as a melanoma antigen that is highly antigenic to cytotoxic T cells, providing a potential target for melanoma vaccine development [ 16 ] . TYRP-1 appears to be less expressed in advanced primary lesions and metastases of human cutaneous melanoma and uveal melanoma [ 32 ] . Primary melanoma samples express TYRP-1 transcripts at higher levels than melanoma metastases [ 33 ] , and IHC analysis of malignant melanocytic lesions has shown that the invasive cells of primary melanomas are TYRP-1-negative [ 34 ] ."

"The major differences between isotype classes reside in the last 15-20 amino acids of the carboxy-termini [ 10 11 ] , and these differences have been exploited in the development of isotype-specific antibodies [ 12 13 14 ] . Mammalian microtubules are formed from a mixture of α-tubulin and β-tubulin isotype classes [ 11 15 16 ] , and the antimitotics used in chemotherapy interact primarily with β-tubulin."

"The expression of genes encoding α-tubulin and β-tubulin seems to be developmentally regulated [ 19 ] . For example, tubulin isotype expression patterns change during the development and maturation of neurons [ 14 20 ] . Studies with paclitaxel or other antimitotic agents, such as colchicine or estramustine, indicate that drug interactions with tubulin isotypes differ [ 21 22 23 24 25 ] and might contribute to cell resistance to antimitotics [ 26 27 28 29 30 31 ] . However, one group of antimitotic agents, the vinca alkaloids, was shown to bind with similar affinity to all tubulin isotypes [ 12 ] , suggesting that alterations in drug binding affinity is unlikely to be the cause of drug resistance."

These results challenge the hypothesis of a universal role for tubulin isotypes in tumor growth and the development of drug resistance.

"Consistent with our results is the finding of both β-tubulin classes I and II by immunostaining in many human tissues and cell types [ 60 ] . To understand the relationship between the drug target levels and the development of drug resistance, it is essential to know the actual protein amounts in tissues and cells."

The work presented here describes untreated tumors and should be useful for comparison with paclitaxel-treated tumors as a basis for evaluating tubulin isotype levels in response to therapy or in the development of drug resistance.

"Delirium was defined as an organic mental disorder involving a confusional state with attention deficit, disorganized thinking and a fluctuating course and acute development."

"To identify factors independently related to the development of delirium, we also performed forward stepwise (conditional) logistic regression."

Research into patients who developed hepatic failure suggests that the gamma-aminobutyric acid system is important in the development of hepatic encephalopathy (i.e.

"From initial hospitalization until organ procurement or cessation of life support, the potential organ donor manifests daunting medical challenges due to the dramatic physiological changes that accompany the development of brain death."

"An additional potential benefit of rapid brain death determination is the reduction in time for the development of significant end organ dysfunction, thereby increasing the number of organs procured per donor."

"et al . [ 13], however, concluded in their study that t PTEF / t E is only weakly associated with the development of lower respiratory tract illness during the first year of life, and the ratio is less precise and an epidemiologically less useful measure than maximum expiratory flow at functional residual capacity."

Another potential reason for the inadequate calibration is the differences in case mix between our database and the development databases of the mortality prediction systems.

"Medical patients constitute a larger proportion in our database (68%) than in the development databases (MPM II 0 , 45%; MPM II 24 , 48%; SAPS II, 49%; APACHE II, 58%) [ 2, 3, 4]."

"When the main diagnostic categories in our database are compared with those in the development database of APACHE II, some interesting differences appear."

"315) accounts for 1.5% of our admissions, compared with 9.82% of the development database."

Our database also has more severe chronic illnesses (32%) compared with 5-29% in different participating ICUs in the APACHE II development database.

"The development of pruritus, an important symptom of histamine release, is relatively frequent with vancomycin administration [ 2, 3, 4]."

The secondary endpoint consisted of adverse occurrences including possible complications of drug therapy and morbid events such as the progression of initial infection and the development of secondary infection.

"Recent attempts to define QoL have resulted in the development of a functional definition that is measurable, evaluable over time, and readily applied to patients over a wide range of illness severity."

Diminished volume of enteral feeds may also independently contribute to the development of cholestasis.

"For example, lack of enteral feeding plays an important role in the development of cholestasis in the neonatal period, possibly mediated by direct hepatotoxic activity of bile salts [ 5]."

"There is increasing evidence that gastrointestinal hypoperfusion plays an important role in development of systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ failure [ 1, 2]."

The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive review of the safety of drotrecogin alfa (activated) for all adult patients with severe sepsis enrolled in clinical trials (completed and ongoing) since the start of phase 2 clinical development and up to 12 April 2002.

"Maintenance of splanchnic blood flow is important because splanchnic hypoperfusion may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome [ 2 3 ] . Mechanical ventilation has been suggested to potentiate the adverse effects of underlying critical illness on splanchnic vasculature and contribute to the development of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, particularly when 'injurious' ventilatory strategies that produce high end-inspiratory lung volumes are employed [ 3 ] . Experimental studies suggested that mechanical ventilation with considerably high levels of PEEP can lead to splanchnic hypoperfusion and marked reduction in hepatic blood flow [ 4 5 6 ] . Furthermore, PEEP may decrease splanchnic blood flow in patients with no underlying lung disease [ 7 8 ] . Most available evidence regarding the effects of PEEP from animal studies has been extrapolated to humans based on the assumption that the effects of mechanical ventilation on humans and animals are similar."

"A high incidence of adverse effects (nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity), along with the development of newer effective drugs with better safety profiles, resulted in the practical abandonment of systemic use of colistin, although it still remains active in vitro against practically all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp."

"On the other hand, experience with the drug in patients with cystic fibrosis, has shown only minimal nephrotoxicity [ 19 20 21 30 ] . Garnacho-Montero and coworkers [ 12 ] , in patients with VAP, observed that there was no significant difference in development of renal failure between colistin and imipenem."

Difficulty using strip chart EEGs utilizing analog technology stimulated the development of electronically processed digital EEG monitoring.

"Indeed, the development of hypocalcemia in the critically ill has been shown to be associated with a poor prognosis [ 32, 33]."

"Yet, rural hospitals, fueled by community expectations and the need for expanded revenue sources, have expanded their scope of specialized services, which has led to the development of rural intensive care units (ICUs)."

"Development of specialized areas of care for the critically ill has occurred in most hospitals in the USA [ 1, 12, 13], leading to the growth in number and utilization of ICUs."

(3) Diffuse interstitial fibrosis : development of fibrosis suggested by chest X-ray or computed tomography or documented by open lung biopsy.

"Scanning laser Doppler flowmetry is a recent development [ 24, 25] of the laser Doppler technique that may overcome these drawbacks."

"The recent development of the scanning laser Doppler technique [ 24, 25] allows the rapid measurement of flow over a large predetermined area and, by collecting reflected light via mirrors, the previously requisite probe and optic cables are dispensed with and there is no contact with the skin itself."

"With the development of emergency medicine, a need arose for evaluation scales that would provide rapid triage and objective status assessment."

The disappointingly slow progress in developing effective therapies for ischemic stroke has led to a re-evaluation of the strategies for stroke drug development and the methods used in clinical trials.

The fundamental premise of drug discovery and development in acute stroke is that treatments that reduce lesion size are those most likely to lead to clinical benefit.

There is thus a critical need for more controlled trials and for the development of better defined and more quantifiable endpoints.

"Collateral vessel development, as measured by blood pressure, angiography, and vessel density, was significantly reduced in old (4-5 years old) versus young (6-8 months old) animals [ 27], in a rabbit model of hind limb ischemia."

"Expression of the various isoforms during development is modulated both spatially and temporally [ 42], and observations from gene knockout studies have proven that these isoforms do not have equivalent biological functions during vessel development [ 42, 43]."

"Expression of the various isoforms during development is modulated both spatially and temporally [ 42], and observations from gene knockout studies have proven that these isoforms do not have equivalent biological functions during vessel development [ 42, 43]."

"Finally, since multiple VEGF-A isoforms are expressed during vascular development [ 42], it will also be important to determine whether the use of multiple isoforms in angiogenesis therapy will be necessary to replicate in vivo conditions."

"normal vascular development has been shown to require the presence of the CD45 +/c-Kit +/CD34 +hematopoietic stem cells [ 58], which are similar and may be related to adult CEP cells."

"Better designed studies and clinical trials that consider the issues discussed, coupled with well-defined and quantitative endpoints, will facilitate the development of novel and effective therapeutic approaches for ischemic diseases."

A number of distal protection devices that aim to reduce or eliminate distal embolization during percutaneous coronary and carotid interventions are under development (Table 1).

A second 'class' of distal protection devices under development and currently undergoing clinical investigation are the filter devices.

"Some authors have recently explored the use of clustering methods to arrange the genes in some systematic way, with similar genes placed close together (see [ 2] for developments and [ 15] for an overview)."

"However, given the need to rapidly modulate apoptosis during development, cellular differentiation, and immune responses, this property of the apoptotic genes can be readily understood."

This process has been aided by the development of powerful algorithms and sensitive computational tools for detecting sequence and structural similarities between proteins.

"The need for technologies that allow highly parallel quantitation of specific proteins in a rapid, low-cost and low-sample-volume format has become increasingly apparent with the growing recognition of the importance of global approaches to molecular characterization of physiology, development, and disease [ 1, 2]."

Protein assays using ordered arrays have been explored since the development of multipin synthesis [ 10] and spot synthesis [ 11] of peptides on cellulose supports.

"To demonstrate the progress of language development within the cell-biological domain, we will describe and discuss the G1/S checkpoint control model."

"Even at this stage of development, BioD diagrams created by these general graphic and diagramming tools can be readily imported to available web page design tools to create, edit, link and post models on the internet (see sample BioD model sites [ 8, 9])."

"Model development and testing can, therefore, become an integral part of early discovery and hypothesis testing all within the context of a single graphical description, rather than developing models simply as validations of well understood phenomena."

"For instance, development of a common language to build accessible common models are critical elements in the 'blackboard' approach [ 41, 42] for multidisciplinary collaborations on complex problems."

"In our approach, we have followed the model of recent developments of internet protocols, operating systems and computer languages by envisioning that if a core computational framework can be established, it can be extended and implemented for a variety of methods, languages and operating systems."

"Thus we envision that, given the development of one (or more) editor applications, users could invent BioD language elements (functional properties, icons, arrows and models) as needed to describe specific domains."

"As domain lexicons and model-model networks expand, with inevitable conflicts and duplications, we would suggest more global standardization be negotiated according to 'open-source' mechanisms of distributed, cooperative development [ 43] used for developing the Linux operating system and now being applied to SBML development [ 21]."

"As domain lexicons and model-model networks expand, with inevitable conflicts and duplications, we would suggest more global standardization be negotiated according to 'open-source' mechanisms of distributed, cooperative development [ 43] used for developing the Linux operating system and now being applied to SBML development [ 21]."

"By whatever mechanism, language development raises other key issues."

"The development of an in-house array is a complex process, however, which must overcome a number of logistical problems."

"It has been also hypothesized that olfactory receptors might provide molecular codes for cell-cell recognition in development and embryogenesis [ 40], including providing guidance for olfactory bulb glomeruli targeting by chemosensory neurons [ 9]."

"Not only should it be possible to sketch out the history of the development of different biochemical machineries, it should also be possible to establish which parts of the proteins are most critical to function on the basis of amino-acid sequence conservation correlated with the structural contexts."

These studies indicate that actin and the microtubule cytoskeleton play a pivotal role in cell expansion and branching during trichome development [ 32].

This striking result is consistent with the highly regulated and specific nature of embryonic development [ 40].

We suggest that trisomy of other chromosomes may exceed a limit of survivable dosage compensation during development.

"A summary of the development of information on E. coli gene products over the past eight years is shown in Table 4. It is evident that much knowledge has been gained since these analyses began in 1993 [ 3, 24]."

"This information has helped to identify those genes expressed in particular stages of development and in specialized tissues or organs [ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]."

A relatively neglected area is the development of quantitative anatomical models of water movement for interpreting flux measurements [ 83].

the scoring scheme for TSDfinder was revised during its development to assign a scoring penalty to TSDs less than 12 nucleotides long.

"Second, all families in Pfam-A and some in Pfam-B that have more than seven members are analyzed, as the Pfam-B database is under development and contains thousands of small protein families."

This 'literature profiling' produces a coherent picture of the functional relationships among large and heterogeneous lists of genes and should enable the development of tools for rapidly extracting meaningful knowledge from large microarray expression databases.

"Although room exists for improvements in indexing, filtering and clustering strategies, the methodology described provides a blueprint for the development of computational tools that can rapidly assess literature content to guide the biological interpretation of complex expression data."

But the optimal exploitation of these invaluable resources by researchers necessitates the development of mining tools to explore and interpret data in a time frame compatible with the impressive rate at which they are generated.

We hope and anticipate that identification of these problems will facilitate that development of even more sophisticated analysis methods.

"RSS in the dataset receive higher RIC values (and WM0 and WM1 values, see below) during genome searches than during model development, because the sequence for which RIC is calculated is excluded from the dataset during model development, a property of leave-one-out cross-validation [ 67]."

"RSS in the dataset receive higher RIC values (and WM0 and WM1 values, see below) during genome searches than during model development, because the sequence for which RIC is calculated is excluded from the dataset during model development, a property of leave-one-out cross-validation [ 67]."

"In particular, gain of chromosomes 1q and 8q has been associated with the early development of HCC [ 12], whereas loss of chromosome 4q has been linked to increased aggressiveness of established tumors [ 11]."

The recent development of murine whole-genome draft sequences [ 14] should speed the process of identifying disease genes underlying QTLs because several of the strains used for genome sequencing are the same as those that have been used to develop the majority of mouse QTLs so far identified.

"A related ongoing development that should help this situation by reducing the number of potential candidate genes that remain within the QTL interval is reduction of the interval by fine mapping using specialized congenic strains or recombinant progeny testing [ 33, 38]."

An analysis of these assemblies in light of the modifications to the algorithmic strategy made between assemblies should inform the development of WGS assembly software in general.

"At the time we started building our system, Ensembl was also in an early stage of development."

"While this was wasteful in terms of redundant software development, it did allow us to hone our system to the particular needs of our project."

The Sanger Institute coordinated the overall development of ACeDB and has relied upon ACeDB for the ongoing annotation of C. elegans and human genome sequence.

"Taken together, these issues led to the development of Apollo."

"Other genes likely to be missed are genes with small ORFs (because of the arbitrary length cutoffs we used, see Materials and methods), and genes expressed transiently during development, at very low levels, and/or in cells and tissues not represented by the DGC cDNA libraries."

"Establishment of the annotation rules included the development of a set of controlled comments, that is, comments that are reproducibly phrased and are consistently used."

"Finally, the comparative annotation of UTR sequences awaits the development of methods that accurately predict the non-coding components of gene models."

Cell-fate changes that occur during development are almost always accompanied by changes in gene expression.

Thus detailed knowledge of the spatial and temporal expression patterns for all genes will be an important step in deciphering the complex regulatory networks governing development.

"Although RNA in situ hybridization is carried out on fixed tissues, examining a large number of differently staged specimens provides an overview of the dynamic changes in gene-expression patterns that occur during development."

"Approaches using DNA microarrays have been successful in studying genome-wide transcriptional regulation during animal development [ 9, 10, 11], but suffer from several limitations."

"In multicellular organisms, cell division and differentiation leads to an increase in tissue complexity throughout development, but whole-animal microarray analysis cannot document this spatial information."

We used high-throughput RNA in situ hybridization to assemble a database of gene-expression patterns during embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster.

"Moreover, studies of a large number of individual genes have documented the diversity of gene-expression patterns that occur during Drosophila embryogenesis and established the importance of tissue-specific gene expression for development."

The duration of developmental stages range from 15 minutes to more than 2 hours; therefore the stages of development were differentially represented in our embryo collections (see Materials and methods).

The groups of images assigned to a stage range are arranged in the web-based annotation tool from left to right so that one can follow the pattern through development (Figure 2).

"For all these reasons, the most useful factor in correlating microarray and image data is the relative fluctuation of signal intensity over the course of development."

We used this embryological concept to define a set of embryonic structure names that depict a 'path' describing the development of each organ.

Using this naming scheme we are able to describe the development of embryonic structures starting from anlage in statu nascendi at the cellular blastoderm stage through a series of developmental intermediates - anlage and primordia - to a differentiated embryonic structure.

"Using the annotation tool, one can follow and describe the development of each structure through its intermediates by observing the development of the staining pattern and selecting the appropriate annotation terms."

"Using the annotation tool, one can follow and describe the development of each structure through its intermediates by observing the development of the staining pattern and selecting the appropriate annotation terms."

For the nomenclature we needed an agreed vocabulary of terms to describe the different anatomical features of the Drosophila embryo and the different stages of embryonic development.

This was provided to us by the controlled vocabularies of anatomy and development that have been constructed by FlyBase [ 23] over the past few years.

"Our annotation uses a subset of 300 or so of the 5,800 terms in the FlyBase controlled vocabulary, many of which only apply to later stages of development."

"It can be utilized to search for the expression pattern of an individual gene of interest, retrieve a list of genes expressed in a given embryonic structure, or set of structures, or all genes expressed at a certain stage of embryonic development."

Clustering of the annotation data and other data-mining approaches will establish sets of co-regulated genes that will provide a starting point for investigating cis -regulatory sequences that may elucidate novel regulatory relationships in development.

The controlled vocabulary used to annotate the gene-expression profiles is a subset of the FlyBase controlled vocabulary for anatomy and development [ 39].

"However, manual approaches to data analysis are sometimes impractical or cumbersome, inspiring the development of tools to accomplish the three goals described above."

"As a further development of the method described here, we envisage cluster analysis of the selected genes for higher dimensions ( k > 2)."

"By waiting until the young adult stage to administer DOX, all of pre-adult development is identical between control and experimental groups, and any difference in lifespan must be due to changes in the adult."

"In Drosophila, RNAi can be initiated by injection of dsRNA into embryos, and this has allowed identification of novel phenotypes for genes during development [ 34]."

Inactivation or downregulation of the genes specifically in the adult using tet-on RNAi may allow increased lifespan without confounding effects on development.

"Lam and Thummel have recently reported the use of a heat-shock gene promoter to drive expression of dsRNA, and the efficient conditional inhibition of gene expression during larval and pupal stages of Drosophila development [ 39]."

"However, because of the rapid development of microarray technology, the latter is not likely and we expect a researcher will have to do his or her own pilot study."

"Researchers can, in a fairly straightforward fashion, examine the overall transcriptional response of thousands of genes in normal cells and tissues, in disease states, in response to biological, genetic or chemical stimuli (such as drugs), or during normal biological processes such as cell-cycle progression and embryonic development [ 3, 4, 5]."

"There are no practical models of early development, when androgen exerts its most striking effects on the genitalia, body habitus and brain."

Comparison of the transcriptional programs induced by androgen in other examples of the diverse cells and tissues that respond to androgen will undoubtedly contribute to a molecular understanding of the basis of the diverse and profound effects of androgens on human development and physiology and in human diseases.

The ability to distinguish the effects of IL-2 in target tissues from its systemic effects may yield important insights for the development of improved anti-cancer therapies.

Efficient and reliable normalization procedures are an indispensable component of any statistical method; further development and analysis of error models for microarray data will be a worthwhile investment.

"During the development of multicellular organisms, complexity builds sequentially in discrete steps as cells proliferate and their descendants choose between alternative developmental fates."

"Another example is the glass gene, which encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that is expressed in many of the cell types in the eye imaginal disc and is required for photoreceptor development [ 2]."

"The distinct developmental phases of the imaginal discs, their easy accessibility, along with the numerous advantages of Drosophila as a model genetic and developmental organism make imaginal disc development an ideal system to explore the feasibility and usefulness of such an analysis at a genomic scale."

"Rather, at these levels the distributions probably arise from evolutionary development centered on an underlying process of gene duplication."

"Appreciation of the central role of EPKs in virtually every signaling pathway involved in normal development and disease [ 2] has stimulated much work on individual family members, as well as interesting subsets of the entire family."

"Flower development provides one example where organs of distinctive morphologies (sepals, petals, stamens, carpels) are produced in rapid succession; specification of each floral organ requires temporally and spatially refined expression of specific genes [ 1]."

"In plants with perfect flowers (male and female sexual organs, sepals and petals in the same flower), this gene family regulates inflorescence development, flower organ differentiation, flowering time and specification of floral cell type [ 1]."

"Because the husks were morphologically fully expanded leaf sheaths surrounding the ear, it was surprising that they expressed the same genes, such as MADS-box genes that are associated with early stages of flower development."

"This enzyme has several proposed functions, such as gluco-neogenesis in germinating seeds, carbon recovery during senescence, nitrogen assimilation during seed development and decarboxylation of OAA in PEPCK-type C4 photosynthesis [ 36, 37]."

"In a gene-expression study during Poplar wood development, > 40% genes were differentially expressed in different development zones within the vascular meristem [ 42]."

"In a gene-expression study during Poplar wood development, > 40% genes were differentially expressed in different development zones within the vascular meristem [ 42]."

"Another development initiative is to support conclusions based on the microarray data, for example the ability to indicate sequence motifs or biological effects (such as mortality) associated with individual (or sets of) nodes in a cluster."

"The success of this project largely depends on the development, availability, and use of ontological terms not defined in the MAGE project."

We are actively interested in this problem and look forward to interacting with these development efforts.

The first key step in this process is the development of databases (public and private) to warehouse the experimental results.

"The preliminary spatial normalization method presented in this work will require further validation and development as the current method, by visual inspection, appears to be overfitting the cDNA data."

"From those, 40 robust PCR products were obtained and selected for development into new CAPS markers."

We anticipate that this general approach will contribute significantly to the development of dense molecular marker maps for a variety of higher plant species to expedite map-based cloning.

"In light of recent developments in understanding the biology of Toll-like receptors, the NFκB-dominated responses we observe fit well within a model in which undifferentiated, subconfluent Caco-2 cells can recognize Gram-positive cell-surface moieties and induce what is termed an 'innate immune response'."

"A recent report indicates that during the development of host-microbial interactions, essentially no proinflammatory or innate immune responses are detected as the intestines of germ-free mice become colonized [ 22]."

Development of our control set of 10 Arabidopsis oligonucleotides and corresponding set of PCR amplicons subcloned into pSP64poly(A) serve as a valuable quality-control resource for cDNA/oligo microarrays.

"For example, searching for the gene alpha-myosin heavy chain using its SWISS-PROT identifier MYH6_MOUSE or its MGD identifier MGI:97255 finds the GO process terms 'striated muscle contraction', 'cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis', 'protein modification', and 'muscle development'."

"The publicly available mouse microarray dataset, the FVB benchmark set for cardiac development, maturation and aging, was obtained from the CardioGenomics Program for Genomics Applications [ 14]."

"These data compare healthy mouse hearts at different time points during development, using male and female FVB/N mice."

"The bacterial cell wall is dynamic, and undergoes reorganization during vegetative growth, development and cell division [ 1, 2, 6, 7, 8]."

"The ortholog of the vertebrate LRAT, Egl-29 in C. elegans has been implicated in the development of the vulva [ 57]."

This could raise the interesting possibility of Egl-29 synthesizing an ester similar to the retinyl esters that might function as a secreted differentiation signal during vulval development.

In previous experiments approximately 7% of PdL insertions were found to cause lethal and visible phenotypes when the PdL promoter was activated during larval and pupal development [ 34].

"The increase in drug resistance throughout the malaria endemic regions is cause for great concern and calls for the development of new antimalarial measures, which would involve a larger variety of drug targets as well as a wider array of vaccine strategies (reviewed in [ 2, 3])."

"Subsequently, we constructed a long-oligonucleotide-based P. falciparum microarray, which we used to evaluate changes in the global expression profile between two distinct stages of P. falciparum erythrocytic-stage asexual development - mid-trophozoite and mid-schizont."

The large number of differentially expressed genes detected in this analysis suggests that extensive transcriptional regulation has a major role in the functional specialization of parasite development.

"Overall, the emergent gene clusters suggest that the trophozoite stage, a central phase of plasmodial intraerythrocytic development, is characterized by the activation of general cellular growth functions such as transcription, translation and hemoglobin degradation and biosynthesis of basic metabolites."

A second functional group of genes with increased expression in schizonts encodes proteins that are thought to function on the periphery of a newly infected erythrocyte at the early stages of asexual development.

"In summary, the schizont stage of plasmodial development featured genes predominantly occupied with the process of merozoite function as well as the advance synthesis of transcripts for proteins that facilitate parasite establishment within the newly infected erythrocyte."

"The gene-expression maps typically comprise genome-wide expression profiles at a number of different stages of cellular development, profiles of multiple strains and genetic variants, and global expression responses to number of growth perturbations and growth-inhibitory drugs."

Further understanding of cellular physiology of this parasite including basic metabolic functions and the intricate interactions between the parasite cell and human host immune system will be a key step in uncovering new targets for antimalarial drug discoveries and vaccine development.

"Some of these differences appear to be in known rod-specific genes, and may reflect developmental asynchrony, as this is the time at which high-level expression of rod-specific genes is first observed, although most of the observed differences do not appear to be found in genes that show dramatic variation in expression through development."

", data not shown), a small subset of these results probably partially reflect minor differences in developmental timing, and some of the other differences in tag abundance may also reflect variation in genes expressed in a dynamic manner during development."

"For example, litters of inbred mice sometimes have a runt, suggesting a difference in rate of development and/or other factors."

"However, much of our data collected and analyzed for other purposes would suggest that such outliers are rare, at least with respect to eye development [ 13 23 ] ."

"Moreover, the high variability that is seen in both the development and gene-expression profiles of cloned mice [ 34 51 ] , and the relatively low heritability of many quantitative traits such as lifespan or psychiatric illness that is observed in monozygotic twins [ 52 53 ] , implies that there is substantial variability in gene expression even in genetically identical individuals, particularly in tissues of the CNS."

"Within the vertebrates, there are several mechanisms that account for sexually dimorphic development."

"Because temperature controls sexual development in crocodiles, many turtles and some lizards, environmental sex determination (ESD) has been proposed to be the primordial vertebrate mechanism for sexual differentiation [ 4]."

"If a control gene confers sexual development by dosage, it might become lost from the alternative sex chromosome."

"Alternatively, if a control gene confers sexual development as a dominant determining factor, it may have evolved as an allele of a gene on the opposite sex chromosome."

"Although the initial cloning of ASW pre-dated knowledge that Hint is an enzyme, both groups suggested that Asw might function by a dominant-negative mechanism through heterodimerization with Hint, thereby inducing female development [ 33, 34]."

"Turning to genetic analysis, if ASW has a significant role in feminization of birds, then viruses that increase expression of Asw may promote female development in ZZ eggs, potentially in a manner that requires Gln127."

"If HINT is part of the Z chromosome that works by gene dosage, then viruses that direct expression of Hint may promote male or intersexual development in ZW eggs as was seen with ZZW triploids [ 20]."

"They also respond by the localized activation of a cell-death program, designated the hypersensitive response (HR), and by the systemic activation of cellular and molecular defenses, termed systemic acquired resistance (SAR) [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ] . Second messengers that contribute to the development of the systemic response include reactive oxygen species (ROS), SA, JA and ethylene [ 8 9 10 ] . There is evidence for commonalities between plant responses to pathogens (referred to as defense responses) and environmental stresses (referred to as stress responses) [ 11 12 ] . Despite similarities, however, a plant's response to each environmental challenge is unique and tailored to increasing the plant's ability to survive the inciting stress [ 13 14 15 16 ] ."

"The availability of both avirulent and virulent strains of these pathogens facilitates identification of genes that are important for resistance, as well as those expressed during disease development [ 19 20 21 ] . Moreover, both of these pathogens cause severe damage to crops of economic importance, such as tomato and crucifers [ 19 ] . We also treated plants with SA and methyl jasmonate (MJ) because both are important signaling molecules implicated in plant responses to pathogens, herbivory and wounding and they induce different aspects of the SAR [ 22 ] ."

"The WRKY transcription factors are involved in defense, wounding, senescence and plant development [ 7 16 70 71 72 73 ] . There are 70 genes with a WRKY domain in the Arabidopsis genome and six of them (WRKY15, 25, 33, 46, 62, 70) are in the stress cDNA collection."

"On hatching from the eggshell, L2 worms are able to locate and migrate towards a potential host plant, penetrate the root behind its tip in the zone of elongation, and migrate intercellularly through the vascular cylinder by separating cells at the middle lamella [ 4 ] . The migration is enabled by a combination of stylet protrusion (mechanical force) and secretion of cell-wall-degrading enzymes from specialized glands [ 5 6 7 8 ] . Upon completion of migration, secretions from the nematode's glands, and potentially other cues, induce root cells to alter their development and gene expression, undergoing abnormal growth and repeated endomitotic rounds of replication to form a feeding site made up of giant cells [ 9 10 ] . The L2 feeds from the giant cells for 10-12 days, then ceases feeding and molts three times over the next two days to form the adult."

"The availability of ESTs representing different developmental stages of Meloidogyne will allow an examination of changes in gene representation between stages, and in turn an understanding of the relative importance of various metabolic processes at different stages of development."

Development of GoMiner

"In addition to the deployed components, we have introduced a number of open-source tools to enhance the development environment."

"In particular, the Concurrent Versions System (CVS) tool [ 21 ] coordinates program development at the Georgia Institute of Technology with that at the NCI, and also coordinates development within each of the groups."

"In particular, the Concurrent Versions System (CVS) tool [ 21 ] coordinates program development at the Georgia Institute of Technology with that at the NCI, and also coordinates development within each of the groups."

"Flow cytometric annexin V and TUNEL assays verified important differences in apoptotic potential between the cell lines, and analysis generated a novel hypothesis (the 'permissive apoptosis-resistance' hypothesis) for the relationship between apoptotic and cell-proliferation pathways in the development of drug resistance."

"1 study was initially done one gene at a time before development of GoMiner (and, in fact, motivated that development)."

"1 study was initially done one gene at a time before development of GoMiner (and, in fact, motivated that development)."

"This high-throughput capability has made two further developments possible: first, randomization studies are being done to address the multiple-comparisons problem (that is, to estimate the fraction of false positives among the selected categories); second, the output data stream is being coupled with integrated downstream analysis for automated recognition of interesting results buried within a large number of exploratory experiments."

"In conclusion, GoMiner will continue in development with a view to integration with other bioinformatic resources being generated by the NCI and NIH for use by the biomedical research community."

"Tubulin levels do not change during the acute phase of CCl 4 poisoning, but have been shown to decrease in association with the development of fatty liver tissue as a result of chronic CCl 4 exposure [ 18 19 ] . In the present study, tubulin was positively correlated with the three components of clear space, perhaps indicating cellular reorganization."

These synthetic data in which the clusters are known are crucial for the development and testing of novel clustering algorithms.

Another practical methodological development would be to incorporate the estimation of missing data values into the model-based approaches.

"Development of the male genitalia is largely controlled by cells in the urogenital mesenchyme that express androgen receptors (AR) [ 1 2 ] . Germline mutations of the AR gene produce a spectrum of developmental abnormalities in 46,XY individuals ranging from infertility or mild hypospadias to complete feminization, which are collectively referred to as the androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)."

We hypothesized that the AR-dependent mesenchymal programs underlying male external genitalia development might be illuminated by comparing the transcriptional profile of mesenchyme-derived stromal cells from normal males to those from individuals affected with AIS.

"Comparison of expression patterns in genital fibroblasts from normal and AIS-affected individuals, and fibroblasts from extragenital sites, offers possible insights into the programs that underlie genital development."

"A critical question raised by these results is whether the observed differences between genital fibroblasts from males and AIS females reflect cell-autonomous effects of androgen exposure during development, or indirect effects of the AR-dependent genital morphogenetic program."

"The discrepancy between the female phenotype of these mosaic individuals despite expression of the wild-type AR in cultured genital skin fibroblasts is not resolved to date [ 7 ] . It may be explained by a time-dependent rise of an originally small fraction of cells containing the wild-type AR allele in the mosaic genital mesenchyme during prenatal and postnatal development, or by differences between in vivo and in vitro conditions."

"Comparison of gene-expression patterns in genital fibroblasts from normal and AIS-affected individuals, and in fibroblasts from extragenital sites, may offer clues to the programs that underlie external genital development."

"Both cell adhesion and connective tissue remodeling are indispensable for normal development and maintenance of tissue integrity [ 13 14 15 ] . The differential expression of proteoglycans, collagens and cell adhesion molecules (for example cadherin 13) might be involved in genital morphogenesis and later stability of sexually dimorphic traits of the external genitalia."

"Several genes expressed specifically in the normal male foreskin fibroblasts have been previously implicated in male genital development, including HOXA13 , the T-box genes, BMP4 and DWnt2 . Mutations in HOXA13 can cause distal limb and urogenital-tract malformations such as male hypospadias in hand-foot-genital syndrome [ 21 ] . T-box genes ( TBX ) are essential early regulators of limb development and also appear to be involved in male genital development [ 22 23 ] . Mutations in TBX3 cause the ulnar-mammary syndrome characterized by limb, apocrine, and genital developmental abnormalities [ 23 ] . Expression of T-box genes 2, 3, and 5 was significantly higher in normal male foreskin fibroblasts than in AIS genital fibroblasts."

"Several genes expressed specifically in the normal male foreskin fibroblasts have been previously implicated in male genital development, including HOXA13 , the T-box genes, BMP4 and DWnt2 . Mutations in HOXA13 can cause distal limb and urogenital-tract malformations such as male hypospadias in hand-foot-genital syndrome [ 21 ] . T-box genes ( TBX ) are essential early regulators of limb development and also appear to be involved in male genital development [ 22 23 ] . Mutations in TBX3 cause the ulnar-mammary syndrome characterized by limb, apocrine, and genital developmental abnormalities [ 23 ] . Expression of T-box genes 2, 3, and 5 was significantly higher in normal male foreskin fibroblasts than in AIS genital fibroblasts."

"Several genes expressed specifically in the normal male foreskin fibroblasts have been previously implicated in male genital development, including HOXA13 , the T-box genes, BMP4 and DWnt2 . Mutations in HOXA13 can cause distal limb and urogenital-tract malformations such as male hypospadias in hand-foot-genital syndrome [ 21 ] . T-box genes ( TBX ) are essential early regulators of limb development and also appear to be involved in male genital development [ 22 23 ] . Mutations in TBX3 cause the ulnar-mammary syndrome characterized by limb, apocrine, and genital developmental abnormalities [ 23 ] . Expression of T-box genes 2, 3, and 5 was significantly higher in normal male foreskin fibroblasts than in AIS genital fibroblasts."

"BMP4 has been implicated in ductal budding and branching during prostate development [ 24 ] and a potential role of BMP4 in external genital development has also been postulated [ 25 ] . DWnt2 has been found to have roles in sex-specific cell determination in the gonads and genital disc of Drosophila [ 26 ] . Thus, mutations in genes characteristically expressed in normal male foreskin fibroblasts can, in some cases, lead to defective genital development."

"BMP4 has been implicated in ductal budding and branching during prostate development [ 24 ] and a potential role of BMP4 in external genital development has also been postulated [ 25 ] . DWnt2 has been found to have roles in sex-specific cell determination in the gonads and genital disc of Drosophila [ 26 ] . Thus, mutations in genes characteristically expressed in normal male foreskin fibroblasts can, in some cases, lead to defective genital development."

"BMP4 has been implicated in ductal budding and branching during prostate development [ 24 ] and a potential role of BMP4 in external genital development has also been postulated [ 25 ] . DWnt2 has been found to have roles in sex-specific cell determination in the gonads and genital disc of Drosophila [ 26 ] . Thus, mutations in genes characteristically expressed in normal male foreskin fibroblasts can, in some cases, lead to defective genital development."

"As normal genital skin fibroblasts of 46,XY male individuals express the AR in vitro (see Table 1and [ 4 7 ] ), we had anticipated that androgen treatment would elicit a transcriptional response program that could provide additional insights into the role of androgen in genital development."

It is possible that genital mesenchymal cells are only capable of responding to androgen at discrete stages in development in their specific in vivo environment.

"In mice, stromal androgen responsiveness is restricted to the earliest stages in prostate development, and later the epithelial compartment becomes responsive and remains so [ 1 ] . This responsiveness may be mediated through the expression of specific AR co-regulators."

"Thus, genital fibroblasts may express critical AR co-regulators at discrete times during development that allow them to respond by setting up long-lasting transcriptional programs that underlie the genesis and maintenance of genital morphology."

"Comparison of the expression patterns of genital fibroblasts from 46,XY normal males and 46,XY females with inactivated AR provides a window on the AR-dependent gene-expression programs within the urogenital mesenchyme, which contribute to the development and structural integrity of male and female genitalia."

"The apparent lack of response of genital fibroblasts to androgen in vitro , despite expression of a normal AR, has important implications for future research in defining the role of androgen in genital development and the pathogenesis of ambiguous genitalia."

Transcriptional profiling of the early stages of genital development in vivo in the presence and absence of androgen may provide further insights into the role of androgen in genital development.

Transcriptional profiling of the early stages of genital development in vivo in the presence and absence of androgen may provide further insights into the role of androgen in genital development.

"The expression profiles of computationally identifed miRNAs during development were much more heterogenous than those of the known set of embryonically derived miRNAs [ 10 ] . We identified miRNAs whose expression was highly restricted to individual developmental periods (embryogenesis, larval/pupal development, or adulthood), ones expressed in two of these developmental windows, and ones expressed throughout development, either at a relatively uniform level or in a progressive fashion."

"The expression profiles of computationally identifed miRNAs during development were much more heterogenous than those of the known set of embryonically derived miRNAs [ 10 ] . We identified miRNAs whose expression was highly restricted to individual developmental periods (embryogenesis, larval/pupal development, or adulthood), ones expressed in two of these developmental windows, and ones expressed throughout development, either at a relatively uniform level or in a progressive fashion."

"The expression profiles of computationally identifed miRNAs during development were much more heterogenous than those of the known set of embryonically derived miRNAs [ 10 ] . We identified miRNAs whose expression was highly restricted to individual developmental periods (embryogenesis, larval/pupal development, or adulthood), ones expressed in two of these developmental windows, and ones expressed throughout development, either at a relatively uniform level or in a progressive fashion."

"Our observation that the temporal expression profile of miR-100 (Figure 5d) is similar to that described for let-7 and miR-125 (that is, expression is initiated during larval/pupal development and continues through adulthood [ 9 29 ] ) is consistent with probable coordinate expression of all three as a single pri-miRNA transcript, and may further implicate miR-100 in developmental timing."

"Since the 'seed and soil' hypothesis of Paget in the 19th century [ 1 ] , it has been understood that the microenvironment, or 'soil,' surrounding the tumor 'seed' plays a critical part in its development."

"In modeling mechanisms of cancer development, global gene-expression profiling of human-derived cells grown as tumors in mice has some distinct advantages over profiling of tumors obtained from patients."

"In terms of new biological insight into cancer development, our findings suggest that cancer cells of different origins interact in different ways with the same extracellular environment to survive and proliferate as tumors."

Such quality assurance is critical to the future development of these resources if they are to be used in a meaningful way by experimentalists.

A combination of InterProScan and iGAP is under active development to integrate sequence- and structure-based annotation.

"Some examples are listed in Table 4. For example, the AP2-domain is a DNA-binding transcription factor that controls flower and seed development [ 20 ] in Arabidopsis . The structure of the AP2 domain is found in the PDB (1gcc) [ 21 ] . Standard BLAST using the 1gcc sequence provides 140 hits at p < 0.1 (a very weak threshold)."

The PAT database was initially developed as a joint development of academia and industry to serve the Arabidopsis and plant proteomics community through the provision of structure and functional assignment to all identified proteins in the Arabidopsis genome.

A workflow management system is under development to automate the processing and update of proteomes.

"In conclusion, the development of any complete, in-silico discovery system requires full, query-based access to an integrated, up-to-date view of all relevant information, regardless of its physical location and content structure."

"Still in its infancy, DAVID represents the foundation of our continued development efforts that aim to integrate information-rich data sources and provide quantitative summaries and analysis methods."

Fetuses of diabetic mothers with uncontrolled blood glucose levels tend to be hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic [ 1 ] . An increased incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been observed in infants of diabetic mothers [ 1 ] . RDS is caused by inadequate amounts of pulmonary surfactant due to delayed lung development [ 2 ] . It has been proposed that high insulin levels can delay lung development in the fetus of the diabetic mother [ 3 ] .

Fetuses of d

"These concepts are not exclusive, and it is possible that several proteolytic and inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the development of emphysema."

It also has been suggested to play an important role in the development of emphysema.

"In animals, instillation of NE can result in the development of pulmonary emphysema [ 18]."

"Individuals deficient in α-1 protease inhibitor, moreover, have an increased susceptibility to the development of emphysema [ 19, 20, 21]."

Recent studies in genetically altered mice have suggested an important role for multiple proteases in the development of emphysema.

"Mice deficient in MMP-9, MMP-12, or NE are resistant to the development of emphysema or skin blisters [ 8, 16]."

"Chronic NOS inhibition did not lead to development of pulmonary hypertension [ 3], however, possibly because of a decrease in cardiac output."

"Additionally, we found increased severity of pulmonary hypertension in animals exposed to hypoxia during postnatal development."

"Under more physiologically relevant levels of hypoxia, the central role of eNOS in protecting against hypertension is supported by our observation that loss of eNOS leads to increased acute hypoxic vasoconstriction and development of pulmonary hypertension [ 9, 10, 11, 12]."

"LSC continues to provide technical assistance to grantees in many areas of state planning including, but not limited to, development and implementation of state plans, resource development, and mergers."

"LSC continues to provide technical assistance to grantees in many areas of state planning including, but not limited to, development and implementation of state plans, resource development, and mergers."

"Technical assistance contracts supported resource development activities in Alabama, Louisiana, Nebraska and the District of Columbia."

"These efforts have resulted in the development of additional resources for civil legal services, new and more efficient ways of providing legal information and advice to low-income persons, and more effective and economical structures to assure equal justice to greater numbers of Americans."

It also provided assistance to several states with the development of statewide technology plans.

"The on site visits are conducted for the purpose of program monitoring and development, to solve problems, and to develop new strategies for expanding access and enhancing quality of services to clients."

"See April Testimony at 80-81 (testimony of Victor Lara, Attorney at Law); March Comments at 45 (comment of Jena L. Matzen, North Carolina Justice and Community Development Center); March Comments at 50 (comment of Francisco J. Bricio, Attorney at Law)."

"See March Comments at 45 (comment of Jena L. Matzen, North Carolina Justice and Community Development Center); see also March Comments at 235 (comment of Melissa A. Pershing, Legal Services of North Carolina)."

"Justice & Community Development Center); March Comments at 65 (comment of James F. Schmidt, Farmworker Legal Services of New York); March Comments at 76 (comment of Mark Talamantes, Attorney at Law); March Comments at 143 (comment of D. Michael Dale, Oregon Law Center, and Janice Morgan, Legal Aid Services of Oregon); March Comments at 147 (comment of Mary Bauer, Virginia Justice Center); March Comments at 236 (comment of Melissa A. Pershing, Legal Services of North Carolina); March Comments at 247 (comment of Marci Seville, Golden Gate University School of Law); March Comments at 208 (comment of Jose Padilla and Cynthia L. Rice, California Rural Legal Assistance); March Comments at 110 (comment of Robert Salzman, Legal Aid Society of Mid-New York, Charlotte Sibley and Patricia C. Kakalec, Farmworker Law Project); March Testimony at 149 (testimony of Rob Williams, Florida Legal Services); April Testimony at 44 (testimony of Jack Londen, Attorney at Law)."

"Justice & Community Development Center); March Comments at 131 (comment of Shelley Latin, Virginia Farmworkers Legal Assistance Project); March Comments at 208 (comment of Jose Padilla and Cynthia L. Rice, California Rural Legal Assistance); March Comments at 236 (comment of Melissa A. Pershing, Legal Services of North Carolina)."

Anne Milne (Utah) and Roger McCollister (Kansas) facilitated this discussion on innovative ways to integrate and combine fundraising to produce a creative resource development program.

"2) Shared National TIG grants include the National Technical Assistance Project (NTAP), creation of www.lstech.org, and development of measurement and evaluation tools, www.legalmeetings.org."

Resource development/fundraising ideas.

"In other states, the very development and implementation of such initiatives may require reconfiguration of organizational relationships and service areas."

"Area of Inquiry--Does the configuration of programs within the state facilitate the development and sustainability of a delivery network that, within financial resources and subject to appropriate priority decisions under 45 C.F.R."

"Area of Inquiry--Does the configuration of programs facilitate the efficient statewide coordination of legal work and provide an efficient means of establishing and maintaining a statewide capacity to provide training, monitor developments, disseminate relevant information and provide expert assistance necessary for the delivery of high quality assistance?"

Area of Inquiry--Does the configuration of programs within the state facilitate the ability of legal services providers and other civil equal justice partners to coordinate their research and their efforts to stay abreast of developments in the delivery of legal services?

"Area of Inquiry--Does the configuration of programs within the state facilitate the coordination of resource development efforts to maintain existing resources and to generate and leverage additional resources, including such efforts as unified approaches to major potential public sources, liaison with and maintenance of existing statewide resources, and coordinated technical assistance for local fundraising?"

"On the local and national levels, opportunities for professional development will grow and all staff members in a program, not just attorneys, take advantage of them."

"I think that it is important for you to know that LSC initially stressed the importance of state planning in 1995 when it asked its recipients in each state to participate in the development of a plan for the design, configuration, and operation of LSC-funded programs in their states."

"(1) development of intake, advice, and referral services; (2) effective usage of technology; (3) increased access to legal self-help and prevention information; (4) coordination of legal work, training, information, and expert assistance; (5) engagement of pro bono attorneys; (6) development of additional state, local, and private resources; and (7) optimal configuration of service areas."

"(1) development of intake, advice, and referral services; (2) effective usage of technology; (3) increased access to legal self-help and prevention information; (4) coordination of legal work, training, information, and expert assistance; (5) engagement of pro bono attorneys; (6) development of additional state, local, and private resources; and (7) optimal configuration of service areas."

"Indeed, in recent internal budget battles within LSC, projects essential to the creation of world class delivery systems- such as the development of a new measurement system to measure our work and the work of our grantees in terms of outcomes for clients and projects to ensure that the delivery system is inclusive and multi-culturally competent-were summarily removed from the first drafts of the budget by the staff who prepare the budget."

"LSC also launched companion initiatives-the quality initiative, the diversity initiative, technology initiative grants, to name just a few -that worked hand-in-glove with state planning to promote the development of high-quality delivery systems."

And this was an important-and perhaps in American legal services-quite revolutionary development.

"iii Program Letter 1998-1, published on February 12, 1998, called upon all LSC recipients to analyze any progress made toward the development of the legal services model envisioned by state planners."

"In 2001, OPP and the State Planning Team focused their hiring activities on recruiting individuals with expertise in critical areas like diversity, technology, and organizational development."

"In western Tennessee, a collaboration by two programs will bring over a million dollars in US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) fair housing grants to Tennessee."

"The three LSC-funded programs in Alabama have hired a statewide Director of Development, an experienced fundraiser who previously worked with the Red Cross and the Girl Scouts."

"LSC currently provides over 90% of the funding for legal services in Alabama, and realization of the need for diverse funding is prompting the state justice community to create a development office that will seek diverse funding for legal services in Alabama."

"Their combined expertise includes resource development, organizational management, technology, migrant and immigration law, access and intake systems."

"Arizona, Arkansas, California, Illinois, Kentucky, New Mexico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia received three-year terms as an acknowledgement of their ""significant progress toward the development of comprehensive, integrated delivery systems."""

"Program reviews are one way to monitor program development, solve problems, and establish new strategies for expanding access and enhancing quality."

"These reviews allowed us to monitor program development, to learn about problems and to suggest new strategies for expanding access and enhancing quality."

The Development of a State Planning Evaluation Instrument

Nevada Legal Services has led the development of pro se clinics in the state.

"Resources expended in supporting efforts such as community legal education, outreach, state planning and resource development also would not be factored into the program's ""cost-per-case."""

"Others engaged in aggressive resource development, pursued alternative methods of providing legal services to clients, reconfigured their organizations, or, in some instances, took their skills and talents elsewhere."

"In addition to instituting a programwide Regional Counsel advocate support/case review system, which emphasizes collaboration and co-counseling on common issues throughout the whole region, LSNC is coordinating and advancing a region-wide advocacy agenda in welfare to work and housing and economic development."

"Recently, these two programs have committed to an agenda of specific collaborative projects, including joint technology consultations, joint efforts by the two Boards of Directors in areas of mutual interest, joint economic development projects, and assistance in developing intake systems."

The first priority of the Commission was resource development and the Commission led a sustained effort in the California legislature to obtain state funds to support the provision of civil legal services to lowincome persons.

"Other promising technology initiatives include the CalJustice Technology Project of the Public Interest Clearinghouse, which focuses on increasing client access to the judicial system through the development of an artificial intelligence-based tool to help advocates quickly spot issues in and strategize about cases."

"A system of advocacy training and litigation support through a network of support centers in the areas of health, youth, housing, and economic development;"

The development of standards and assessment tools tovaluate the support centers.

"Early planning efforts focused on development of additional resources, expansion of pro bono assistance and support from the private bar and ensuring effective delivery of services by the federally funded programs."

"Charged with exploring problems and opportunities in the areas identified in the project director retreat and the advocacy survey, these committees focus on Resource Development, Vision, Technology, Legislative/Administrative Advocacy, Client Access, Collaboration, and Training and Technical Assistance."

"The Foundation, along with The Florida State Bar and several law firms, have provided funds to hire a statewide pro bono development director."

A region-wide community economic development initiative housed at an LSC program provides expertise and other resources to all IOTA recipients a third region.

"The first Conference, attended by 180 people, in January 2000 included presentations from bar leaders from Michigan and New Mexico who reported on those states' progress in state planning, an update on state planning in Indiana and breakout sessions addressing technology, resource development, pro bono and pro se."

"Development and implementation, with substantial donated funding and in-kind donations, of a statewide technology plan, enabling the five major providers to computerize their operations fully and to improve their telephone systems dramatically, as well as creation of a shared ""information technology coordinator"" position housed at Pine Tree Legal Services, the LSC program;"

"Recommendations from the planning process led to the development of the Maryland Legal Assistance Network (MLAN), funded by the Open Society Institute through a three-year $1 million grant to the Maryland Legal Services Corporation."

"It recommended three broad strategies to address these issues: increasing the flow of information among the providers; establishing formal collaborative arrangements in areas such as technology, planning and development, and substantive support and training; and creation of a framework for more ongoing planning and system-wide decision-making regarding issues affecting the entire system, particularly with regard to substantive matters not being addressed."

"Providing all advocates with on-line legal research capacity, including online subscription to Westlaw research, online updates of recent developments in poverty law, and links on the statewide website to free online research resources."

"All legal services programs in the state are being brought up to minimum technological capacities, technology training goals are being developed and implemented, and technology-based support for the task force system is being put into place, along with the development of client access initiatives."

Resource Development.

A statewide Director of Development has been hired as part of the planned emerging state support system.

A State Resource Development Action Team and a State Rural Development Team will be convened in 2001.

A State Resource Development Action Team and a State Rural Development Team will be convened in 2001.

"The Resource Development Action Team will use the results of the legal needs study to build support for state funding for civil legal services, with the participation of the courts, the bar, and others, supported by a public communications strategy and a grassroots support network."

The Rural Development team will target potential resources and launch a campaign for rural resource development.

The Rural Development team will target potential resources and launch a campaign for rural resource development.

"LSNJ is both a funder/fundraiser and a state support organization providing support to the field programs in training, litigation coordination, pro bono coordination, the establishment of accountability standards, resource development, technology support, support for service delivery innovations, policy advocacy, major case advocacy, and statewide leadership."

Development of a coordinated statewide outreach and community legal education strategy;

"Creation of a technology infrastructure, and the development and implementation of strategies to ensure that LSC's grantees are fully utilizing available technology to expand and improve client services."

"These strategies include, but are not limited to, statewide computer training, periodic visits--by LSNJ--to local programs to assess the effectiveness of their use of technology, development of computerized intake questionnaires and case handling protocols, coordination of activities with the courts to help self-represented clients through the use of technology, upgrading and updating programs' technology capabilities and maintaining and enhancing desktop electronic research capability;"

Development of expanded pro bono efforts to supplement the work of legal services programs;

Planners also identified the development of an integrated and coordinated statewide intake process as an essential component of an effective delivery system for the state.

Study systems other programs use to provide advice and brief services to clients and development of recommendations as to how these service components can be standardized from program to program.

LSC has awarded the State Support Center a Technology Integration Grant for development of web-based pro se assistance with tutorials for victims of domestic violence.

"The initial planning report submitted to LSC in March 1999 ranked continuing attention to resource development as a very high priority and outlined steps to ensure continued support for legal services from filing fees, attorney registration fees, IOLTA, and other sources."

"Planners in Oregon have made resource development their highest priority, concluding that a substantial infusion of new resources is the key to achieving a comprehensive, integrated statewide system that provides access to justice for all."

"Prior to development of its 1998 state plan, Pennsylvania's legal services community was fragmented and performing unevenly."

"Creation of the Statewide Support Team housed at Pennsylvania Legal Services to provide statewide support and leadership in three core areas enumerated in the State Plan--training, resource development and technology."

"The three new positions, Director of Resource Development, Technology Coordinator, and Training and Legal Information Facilitator are supported by $250,000 funding from the Pennsylvania IOLTA Board and Pennsylvania Legal Services."

Development of a permanent state planning committee with a strong determination to build a better system.

Resource Development.

"In addition, the statewide Resource Development Coordinator has established a staff-level statewide resource development committee that meets regularly by conference call, created a marketing brochure aimed at funders, provided direct technical assistance to regional fundraising efforts, and developed several major statewide grant proposals."

"In addition, the statewide Resource Development Coordinator has established a staff-level statewide resource development committee that meets regularly by conference call, created a marketing brochure aimed at funders, provided direct technical assistance to regional fundraising efforts, and developed several major statewide grant proposals."

"Strengthening the resource development and marketing efforts in regions and the state by developing a recognizable identity and compelling message for legal services in Pennsylvania, and staffing effective regional resource development efforts;"

"Strengthening the resource development and marketing efforts in regions and the state by developing a recognizable identity and compelling message for legal services in Pennsylvania, and staffing effective regional resource development efforts;"

"The Appleseed Justice Center coordinates training and education activities for program advocates and private attorneys to develop expertise in areas of poverty law practice, to update advocates on new developments and emerging trends in law and policy, and to ensure the use of new strategies, tools, skills and advocacy."

"Current activities include the development of a pro se handbook, revision of administrative appeal notices, and expansion of the court facilitator system."

"Institution of a system of Family Law Facilitators in the courts; development of a core curriculum for the judiciary on access to justice, including dealing with pro se litigants; and other joint initiatives among the bar, the courts, and legal services providers to expand access to the courts."

"The development and implementation of a system-wide technology plan with compatible platforms for case management systems; hardware and software standards for the civil equal justice community; intake, timekeeping and system integration; networked computers; the capacity to ensure coordination of technology efforts throughout the delivery system; computer and software technology to support case handlers at the two statewide programs, pro bono services, and specialty legal services providers; linked websites with community legal education materials, selfhelp materials and forms, and instructions for accessing providers; and systems for technology training and support."

"The West Virginia College of Law, the state's only law school, is playing an increasingly important role in the development of statewide technology and support systems."

"The development of a statewide legal services website, based at the West Virginia College of Law, is currently underway."

"After three years of development in the field, LSC's State Planning Initiative was formally launched in 1998."

"participate in the development of plans for the design, con"

"Their plans were to include responses to the seven central tenets of State Planning: (1) development of intake, advice, and referral services; (2) effective usage of technology; (3) increased access to legal self-help and prevention information; (4) coordination of legal work, training, information, and ex"

"pert assistance; (5) engagement of pro bono attorneys; (6) development of additional state, local, and private resources; and (7) optimal configuration of service areas."

"In other states, the very development and implementation of such initiatives may require overhauling or establishing new organizational relationships and service areas."

"17 Program Letter 1998-1, published on February 12, 1998, called upon all LSC recipients to analyze any progress made toward the development of the legal services model envisioned by state planners."

"It challenged each state to examine its organizational structures, its use of technology, intake systems, resource development, and private bar involvement through a statewide lens."

"These, companion initiatives and the hardworking and talented staff who carry out these initiatives, work hand-in-glove with the equally well-qualified state planning team to promote the development of high quality, world-class delivery systems."

"Program visits allow staff to monitor program developments, to learn about problems, and to develop new strategies for expanding access and enhancing quality."

"In development is information about a panel of attorneys to provide ""unbundled"" services and mediators who offer free services to pro se litigants."

Development of an outcome measures reporting system to supplement or replace LSC's CSR system is underway.

X. Resource Development

"Level LSC funding, census-related cuts in many program budgets, downturns in IOLTA and state government revenues made this past year one where LSC support for resource development was essential to the vitality of programs and state justice communities."

"For example, our funds made it possible for Louisiana to adopt a multi-year development plan, and allowed West Virginia to launch a three-year private bar campaign that secured almost $300,000 in contributions and pledges prior to kickoff, with the expectation of reaching its goal of $1."

"The first function acts as a forum for finding volunteers for such activities as consulting on cases, handling economic development transactions or working on intake systems."

"Intrinsic to the development of the Program Letter, was the input we solicited on exemplary systems from individuals and organizations with special knowledge or experience about the topic."

Promoting the Development of Effective Legal Services

"Conferees' answers to four questions (how to build collaborative relationships in rural environments; how to balance resources between urban and rural communities; how to achieve world-class delivery systems for rural clients; and how to expand resources for rural delivery) led to a list of broad recommendations for LSC and the legal services community, with particular emphasis on the development of a national voice for rural legal services."

"timely information about key judicial, administrative and legislative developments at state and federal levels affecting eligible clients, and appropriate legal strategies to respond to those developments."

"timely information about key judicial, administrative and legislative developments at state and federal levels affecting eligible clients, and appropriate legal strategies to respond to those developments."

State Planning Body Development

"The TIG program specifically addresses the development of state technology plans by providing, through TIG grants, technical personnel needed to assist programs in using technology to deliver services to clients as effectively as possible."

"For example, as a direct result of our LRI work, we were asked to cosponsor (with AARP and MIE) the ""Innovations in Civil Legal Services"" workshop at the NLADA Annual Conference, described in detail above in Promoting the Development of Effective Legal Services."

"Concern about even lower levels of alcohol consumption in this group has prompted development of the screens TWEAK, T-ACE, and NET."

"Saunders J, Aasland O, Babor T, De La Fuente J, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)."

Development and validation of the SDDS-PC screen for multiple mental disorders in primary care.

Older Patients with at-risk and problem drinking patterns: new developments in brief interventions.

"Brown replied that only a certain proportion of the funding can be applied toward development in R-01 grants, and some of the technology, for example interactive videos, can be quite expensive to develop."

"However, the program is still quite competitive, and the project would probably have to involve testing as well as development."

"Longabaugh noted that R-21 grants, which are available for development of treatments, could be used to develop technologies."

"2 This process may identify patients who have not yet developed severe dependence, thereby pre-venting the development of more intractable stages of alcoholism."

"Funding for alcohol-related research needs to be provided to emergency department personnel on a priority basis because such funding will lead to their professional development, increase their national stature, lead to their advancement in professional societies, lead to association with policymakers, and enhance their opportunity to become opinion leaders."

"The development of credible opinion leaders who are emergency medicine clinicians, who will endorse and advance the concept of alcohol screening and intervention, is the best means of fostering attitudinal change within that specialty."

Current funding sources are not structured to foster the development of leaders in emergency medicine who endorse the concept that addressing alcohol problems is their responsibility.

"While their grant applications may not have the methodologic design that study sections composed of alcohol research specialists are accustomed to, funding such research will lead to the development of research methodologies appropriate to the emergency department setting."

"will foster the development of a culture of acceptance of role responsibility to screen and intervene, and develop lobbying pressure to do so within the field of emergency medicine."

Interdisciplinary research is more likely to facilitate the development and implementation of emergency department interventions that work in the real world.

It provides a forum for the development of uniform policy and addresses the need to coordinate regulation of multi-state insurers.

"3. Research support should be primarily for services research, not the development of new intervention models or prototypes."

Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).

"To increase research capacity, we need to teach people how to do the research through fellowships, faculty development programs and grants, mentored research awards, and other programs that foster the development of new researchers."

"To increase research capacity, we need to teach people how to do the research through fellowships, faculty development programs and grants, mentored research awards, and other programs that foster the development of new researchers."

Other provisions include development of model continuing education standards for health professionals and plans for including training about alcohol and other drug problems in the standard curricula for health professionals attending institutions of higher learning.

Dr. Gentilello recommends the development of an ED alcohol research center.

"He believed that the realities of our practice settings help drive the development of new ways of delivering counseling, for example, computer-based methods."

"Efforts to further reduce the length of partial lifecycle toxicity tests for fish without compromising their predictive value have resulted in the development of an eight-day, embryo-larval survival and teratogenicity test for fish and other aquatic vertebrates (USEPA, 1981; Birge et al."

"The tests are designed to provide dose-response information, expressed as the percent effluent concentration that affects the survival, fertilization, growth, and/or development within the prescribed period of time (40 minutes to seven days)."

The data are used for NPDES permits development and to determine compliance with permit toxicity limits.

"Modifications of these tests are also used in toxicity reduction evaluations and toxicity identification evaluations to identify the toxic components of an effluent, to aid in the development and implementation of toxicity reduction plans, and to compare and control the effectiveness of various treatment technologies for a given type of industry, irrespective of the receiving water (USEPA, 1988a; USEPA, 1988b; USEPA, 1989a; USEPA, 1989b; USEPA, 1991a)."

"Development and maintenance of an effective health and safety program in the laboratory requires an ongoing commitment by laboratory management, and includes (1) the appointment of a laboratory health and safety officer with the responsibility and authority to develop and maintain a safety program, (2) the preparation of a formal, written, health and safety plan, which is provided to each laboratory staff member, (3) an ongoing training program on laboratory safety, and (4) regularly scheduled, documented, safety inspections."

"1 Development and maintenance of a toxicity test laboratory quality assurance (QA) program requires an ongoing commitment by laboratory management, and includes the following: (1) appointment of a laboratory quality assurance officer with the responsibility and authority to develop and maintain a QA program;"

"EMSL-Cincinnati hopes to release EPAcertified solutions of cadmium and copper, with accompanying toxicity data for the recommended test species, for use as reference toxicants through cooperative research and development agreements with commercial suppliers, and will continue to develop additional reference toxicants for future release."

"the results of the most current research and development regarding technologiesand strategies to reduce the emissions of one or more of these pollutants from affected EGUs under subpart 2 of part B, subpart 2 of part C, or part D, as applicable and the results of the most current research and development regarding technologies for other sources of the same pollutants;"

"the results of the most current research and development regarding technologiesand strategies to reduce the emissions of one or more of these pollutants from affected EGUs under subpart 2 of part B, subpart 2 of part C, or part D, as applicable and the results of the most current research and development regarding technologies for other sources of the same pollutants;"

enhance current research and development of promising multi-pollutant control strategiesand CEMS for mercury;

#NAME?

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Such research and development shall provide updated information on the cost and feasibility of technologies.

"In addition, the research and development shall:"

"expand lab- and pilot-scale mercury and multi-pollutant control programs by the Secretaryof Energy and the Administrator, including development of enhanced sorbents and scrubbers for use on all coal types;"

The data are used for NPDES permits development and to determine compliance with permit toxicity limits.

"Modifications of these tests are also used in toxicity reduction evaluations and toxicity identification evaluations to identify the toxic components of an effluent, to aid in the development and implementation of toxicity reduction plans, and to compare and control the effectiveness of various treatment technologies for a given type of industry, irrespective of the receiving water (USEPA, 1988c; USEPA, 1989b; USEPA 1989c; USEPA, 1989d; USEPA, 1989e; USEPA, 1991a; USEPA, 1991b; and USEPA, 1992)."

"Efforts to further reduce the length of partial life-cycle toxicity tests for fish without compromising their predictive value have resulted in the development of an eight-day, embryo-larval survival and teratogenicity test for fish and other aquatic vertebrates (USEPA, 1981; Birge et al."

"Development and maintenance of a toxicity test laboratory quality assurance (QA) program (USEPA, 1991a) requires an ongoing commitment by laboratory management."

"EMSL-Cincinnati hopes to release USEPA-certified solutions of cadmium and copper for use as reference toxicants through cooperative research and development agreements with commercial suppliers, and will continue to develop additional reference toxicants for future release."

"Development and maintenance of a toxicity test laboratory quality assurance (QA) program (USEPA, 1991b) requires an ongoing commitment by laboratory management."

"EMSL-Cincinnati plans to release USEPA-certified solutions of cadmium and copper for use as reference toxicants, through cooperative research and development agreements with commercial suppliers, and will continue to develop additional reference toxicants for future release."

"The President's Energy Plan includes a number of conservation, advanced research and development, and other efforts that will reduce electricity usage."

"The President's Energy Plan, and the climate change strategy that is under development, will provide benefits by addressing climate change."

"To address global climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, we are pursuing a broad array of conservation and energy efficiency goals under the Administration's National Energy Policy as well as the development of a comprehensive policy under the ongoing cabinet-level review for this issue."

"That is why this Administration supports the development of new legislation that builds on the success of the market-based Acid Rain Program to reduce significantly the SO2, NOx and mercury emissions from power generation."

"Two scenarios from Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future published by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which include assumptions about changes in consumer behavior, additional research and development, and voluntary and information programs."

"The Clean Energy Future scenarios have been criticized on several grounds: assumed changes in consumer behavior that are not consistent with historic behavior patterns, results from research and development funding increases that have not occurred, and voluntary and information programs for which there is no analytic basis for evaluating the impacts."

"The costs include: (1) direct investment costs, (2) operating and maintenance costs, (3) research and development and other government program costs, (4) transaction, search, and compliance costs, (5) adjustment costs associated with large changes in specific capital stocks, (6) lost economic flexibility created by additional emission requirements, and (7) potential interactions with the existing tax system."

"The costs associated with the emission limits in each scenario are computed as the increased expenditures on pollution control, investment in more efficient equipment and appliances, research and development, tax incentives, and additional government programs - all relative to the reference case."

"The standard technology assumptions of scenario A were used by EIA in the development of the AEO2001 ""reference case"" projections."

"Moreover, both scenarios reflected increased spending for research and development and other programs designed to accelerate the development and deployment of low-carbon, energy efficient technologies."

"Moreover, both scenarios reflected increased spending for research and development and other programs designed to accelerate the development and deployment of low-carbon, energy efficient technologies."

"The scenario A reference case assumes a ""business-as-usual"" characterization of technology development and deployment."

"The policies include increased research and development funding, equipment standards, financial incentives, voluntary programs, and other regulatory initiatives."

"4 billion increase in cost-shared research, development, and demonstration of efficient and clean-energy technologies (in 1999 dollars with half as federal appropriations and half as private-sector cost share)."

"Moreover, the EIA suggests that there is little documentation to support the assumed technological improvements generated by the research and development (R&D) initiatives described in the report."

"Because these expenditures ignore spending on energy efficiency, research and development outside the electricity sector-spending that can be substantial-they are not measures of program costs."

"This reflects the cost of the program in terms of the decreased well being of households who must forego a fraction of their consumption of goods and services in order to pay for both research and development programs, energy efficiency improvements, and more expensive electricity production."

"The goal of this research effort is to catalyze development and implementation of innovative, cost-effective environmental technologies; develop scientific and engineering information needed by EPA to support regulatory and policy decisions; and provide technical support and information transfer to ensure effective implementation of environmental regulations and strategies."

It is published and made available by EPA's Office of Research and Development to assist the user community and to link researchers with their clients.

"Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Washington, DC 20460 "

"Technical guidance was received from Dr. Ravi Srivastava of the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S."

The development of control technology alternatives to selective catalytic reduction (SCR) under the NOX State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call is another example of how alternative solutions may require fewer resources than the projected approach.

"Also, other sorbent-based approaches in development may prove in time to be preferable to ACI, making the use of ACI only a conservative assumption."

"Additionally, there are other technologies under development that potentially could reduce activated carbon demand from what is estimated here."

"Under current law, the necessary reductions would be achieved through the development of individual state plans."

"The ""National Climate Change Technology Initiative"" will accelerate priority research and the application of advanced energy and sequestration technologies, recognizing that the real answer to addressing climate change in the long term lies in the development and global introduction of such technologies in this century."

"Section 482 contains provisions for evaluating and reporting the efficacy of the new sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mercury trading programs and conducting scientific and technical research and development."

"Section II (Analytical Approach) discusses the analytic framework used in conducting this assessment, which includes scenario development, emissions modeling, air quality modeling, human health and visibility effects estimation, economic valuation, and adjustments for income growth and benefits aggregation."

Scenario development

"After scenario development, the second step of the benefits analysis is the estimation of the effect of the Clear Skies Act on emissions sources."

Baseline and Regulatory Scenario Development

Emissions Profile Development

"Some of these models have been employed in support of the development of federal clean air programs, national assessment studies, State Implementation Plans (SIPs), and individual air toxic source risk assessments."

Methods for mercury benefits analyses are still under development and do not yet provide a means to estimate the mercury-related benefits of the Clear Skies Act.

Neurological disorders Learning disabilities Retarded development Cerebral palsy

(1995) provide evidence that long-term PM exposure leads to the development of chronic bronchitis in the U.S.

There has been a great deal of controversy and significant development of both theoretical and empirical knowledge about how to conduct CV surveys in the past decade.

"Estimated Long-Term Ambient Concentrations of PM(10) and Development of Respiratory Symptoms in a Nonsmoking Population."""

"Using a threestep development planning process, managers assess their current capabilities, determine their specific development needs, and build and execute a development plan."

"Using a threestep development planning process, managers assess their current capabilities, determine their specific development needs, and build and execute a development plan."

"Using a threestep development planning process, managers assess their current capabilities, determine their specific development needs, and build and execute a development plan."

Training and career development programs use both classroom instruction and rotational assignments.

"In this practice we discuss the training, career development, and successionplanning strategies leading finance organizations use to develop a team with the right mix of skills and competencies."

"The training and career development programs of the leading finance organizations we visited provided intensive 2to 3year entry level programs as well as midcareer and executivelevel programs that used both classroom instruction and rotational assignments to develop technical, management, and leadership skills and competencies."

"However, the key to implementing a successful career development program is to complement course work with reallife business experience through the use of planned rotational assignments."

"Using both classroom training, planned staff rotations, and interagency assignments, design a career development program geared toward"

A variety of clear career path opportunities are offered and staff development programs are used as a means of exposing staff to different career opportunities.

"As discussed in practice 10, sound training and career development strategies are needed for the finance organization to meet the current and future human capital needs of the business."

These organizations often used their staff development programs to provide these opportunities.

"For example, as discussed in practice 10, career development programs often include rotational assignments and not only provide excellent growth opportunities but also expose staff to a variety of career path opportunities."

Utilize staff development programs and planned staff rotations to expose financial managers and staff to a variety of career paths.

"We also reviewed various company documents, including vision statements, strategic plans, core competencies for finance personnel, training and development guides, key financial reports, performance metrics, and other documents related to reengineering efforts of the finance organization."

"Department of Housing and Urban Development 27,527"

"In addition, there are many aspects of information security, such as risk assessment, policy development, and disaster recovery planning, that require coordinated management attention."

"In particular, senior executive recognition of information security risks and interest in taking steps to understand and manage these risks were the most important factors in prompting development of more formal information security programs."

"In addition, the group participates in the company's strategic planning efforts and in the early stages of software development projects to ensure that security implications of these efforts are addressed."

"However, the university had established an information security policy committee that included top university officials, legal counsel, and representatives from student affairs, faculty affairs, and internal audit to assist in the development and review of policies."

Case Example - Coordinating Policy Development and Awareness Activities

"Since then, this individual's responsibilities for information security policy development and awareness, which had previously been handled on a part-time basis, have evolved into a full-time ""awareness manager position"" in the organization's central security group."

"To reduce the chances of a similar incident, the awareness manager concurrently (1) coordinated the development of a policy describing organizational data classification standards and (2) developed a brochure and guidelines to publicize the new standards and educate employees on their implementation."

"By coordinating policy development and awareness activities in this manner, she helps ensure that new risks and policies are communicated promptly and that employees are periodically reminded of existing policies through means such as monthly bulletins, an intranet web site, and presentations to new employees."

"However, several security managers said that the development of automated monitoring tools is lagging behind the introduction of new computer and network technologies and that this has impaired their efforts to detect incidents, especially unauthorized intrusions."

"IRS Systems Security and Funding: Employee Browsing Not Being Addressed Effectively and Budget Requests for New Systems Development Not Justified (GAO/T-AIMD-97-82, April 15, 1997)"

"Information Superhighway: Issues Affecting Development (GAO/RCED-94-285, September 30, 1994)"

We wish to acknowledge the significant assistance provided by others to the development of this guide.

GAO devotes a limited portion of its resources for research and development that enables GAO to

"By law, the Senate Governmental Affairs and House Government Reform committees may request a copy of any draft product generated under GAO's legislative authority (research and development work) when it is sent to the agency for comment."

"In such cases, GAO will advise the requester that it cannot do the work as a request but will instead address the issue as part of GAO's research and development work."

The development of new service approaches and the enhancement of old ones in this new information era require the active participation of information management organizations from the beginning.

"To reap the full benefits of information management reform, federal agencies must utilize the full potential of CIOs as information management leaders and active participants in the development of agency strategic plans and policies."

We would like to thank members of GAO«s Executive Council on Information Management and Technology for their comments and suggestions in the development of this guide.

Figure 1 illustrates the six fundamental principles described by the CIOs interviewed during the development of this guide.

"Without credibility, the CIO organization will struggle to be accepted as a full participant in the development of new organizational systems and processes."

"Once executive management endorses the centrality of the CIO organization and becomes a partner in the development of new systems, the CIO organization must execute its responsibilities successfully."

"Performance measurement (principle IV) and information management human capital development (principle VI) are two areas that private, state, and federal CIOs all agreed must be addressed in order for the CIO and the supporting organization to be successful."

"In both performance measurement and human capital development, practices used by the federal CIOs differed from those of CIOs in leading organizations, though federal CIOs were actively trying to address the issues."

"At the same time, an understanding of the information technology and management practices of leading organizations could contribute to the development of improved CIO management practices in the federal sector."

Leading organizations further the two-way exchange of ideas and perspectives by bringing in experts from the field to advise or educate managers on recent trends and developments in both the business and technology arenas.

"The new IT organization became responsible for such strategic activities as participating in the development of overall business strategies; prioritizing IT requirements; generating IT business plans; setting technical and architectural standards; managing user interfaces, outsourcing contracts, suppliers, and systems engineering; and allocating IT resources."

"CIOs recognize that showing interim results concurrent with more protracted efforts such as multiyear systems developments, ƒbig-ticket≈ infrastructure projects, or business process reengineering can have significant positive impact on CIO credibility."

"Under CIO guidance, JNET has been planned as a multiphase, multiyear development effort with interim products and results."

"An organization«s sourcing strategy is part of a larger human capital development strategy, which is discussed in principle VI."

"Typically, leading organizations cultivate long-term skills such as contract management, project management, and security management, while outsourcing short-term skills such as application development."

"IT skills are in great demand which made hiring by the state difficult, so this CIO looked for alternatives to in-house software development and management."

The organization uses a centralized IT infrastructure with decentralized development efforts to provide efficiency and security for its corporate customers.

We have found that case studies provide an abundant source of information describing management practices and the intellectual background that led to the development of those practices.

Federal Debt is Not an Option 84 Text Box 4.3: Individual Development Accounts for Low-Income

force-the nation's human capital-as well as research and development to spur technological advances.

"GDP is also the measure cited in economic trend analyses and for cross-country comparisons by many, including the President's Council of Economic Advisers, the International Monetary Fund, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)."

"Many economists agree that spending both on education and on general research and development (R&D) enhances future economic capacity and, conceptually, should be considered investment."

A legal and institutional environment that facilitates the development and enforcement of contracts and discourages crime and corruption may also contribute to economic growth.

", International Capital Markets: Developments, Prospects, and Key Policy Issues (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, September 2000), pp. 9-10."

Text Box 4.3: Individual Development Accounts for Low-Income Savers

Individual development accounts (IDAs) are special saving accounts for low-income families.

"According to the Center for Social Development, as of January 2001, 29 states had passed legislation establishing IDA programs, and 32 states had incorporated IDAs into their TANF plans."

"Sources: The Center for Social Development, Washington University in St. Louis, and Vee Burke, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and Individual Development Accounts, Congressional Research Service, January 17, 2001."

"Sources: The Center for Social Development, Washington University in St. Louis, and Vee Burke, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and Individual Development Accounts, Congressional Research Service, January 17, 2001."

"Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States-compiled by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development."

"For example, a broader saving and investment measure might encompass spending on education as well as research and development."

"A more detailed approach would confront major uncertainties concerning the actual course of world economic development, exchange rates, and rates of return."

"St. Louis, MO: Center for Social Development, July 1997."

"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, December 1998."

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Economic Outlook, No."

"Of the elements that are critical to the identification, development, and implementation of activities to reduce improper payments, perhaps the most significant is the control environment."

Texas used the results to improve its fraud and abuse detection process by considering certain high-risk areas in the development of data analysis techniques in its Medicaid Fraud and Abuse Detection System (MFADS).

"For example, SSA shares data with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) so it can perform a match to verify the identity of recipients of housing benefits and identify potentially fraudulent claims."

"The information on these schemes is used in the development and implementation of targeted analyses that are run against the data warehouse information to identify data relationships and anomalies, which are often signs of fraud."

New initiatives that Illinois expects will further improve data mining at IDPA are the development of a 3-day training course to help users properly structure queries and the use of data mining software.

HHSC awarded a contract for the development and operational support of MFADS.

1 million for contractor operations that include the development and ongoing support of the models.

"For example, the Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA) Financial Services Center (FSC) in Austin, Texas, had contracted with recovery audit firms in the past, but now performs recovery auditing in-house using about three full-time employees to administer the program and one employee for software development."

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

"The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development provides a setting in which 30 member countries can discuss, develop, and perfect economic and social policy."

One of the major activities of the organization is the development of technical and business standards.

"Best Practices of Leading Commercial Companies12 DOD's Traditional Approach to Product Development15 DOD's Adoption of Best Practices16 Objectives, Scope, and Methodology17"

"29 Leading Commercial Companies Use Evolutionary Product Development Framework to Reduce Development Risks30 Leading Commercial Companies Use a Product Development Process to Capture Design and Manufacturing Knowledge for Decision Making32 When DOD Programs More Closely Approximated Best Practices, Outcomes Were Better43"

"29 Leading Commercial Companies Use Evolutionary Product Development Framework to Reduce Development Risks30 Leading Commercial Companies Use a Product Development Process to Capture Design and Manufacturing Knowledge for Decision Making32 When DOD Programs More Closely Approximated Best Practices, Outcomes Were Better43"

"29 Leading Commercial Companies Use Evolutionary Product Development Framework to Reduce Development Risks30 Leading Commercial Companies Use a Product Development Process to Capture Design and Manufacturing Knowledge for Decision Making32 When DOD Programs More Closely Approximated Best Practices, Outcomes Were Better43"

"Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, and Procurement Funding for Fiscal Years 1995 to 200712 Knowledge-based Process for Applying Best Practices to the Development of New Products13 Notional Illustration Showing the Different Paths That a Product's Development Can Take15 DOD's Concurrent Approach to Weapon System Development16 Notional Single-Step and Evolutionary Approaches to Developing New Products31 Achieving Stability on AIM-9X Missile Program by Knowledge Point 244 History of Drawing Completion for the F-22 Program46 PAC-3 Design Knowledge at Critical Design Review49 Illustration to Show How the Best Practice Model Would Apply to DOD's Acquisition Process56"

"Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, and Procurement Funding for Fiscal Years 1995 to 200712 Knowledge-based Process for Applying Best Practices to the Development of New Products13 Notional Illustration Showing the Different Paths That a Product's Development Can Take15 DOD's Concurrent Approach to Weapon System Development16 Notional Single-Step and Evolutionary Approaches to Developing New Products31 Achieving Stability on AIM-9X Missile Program by Knowledge Point 244 History of Drawing Completion for the F-22 Program46 PAC-3 Design Knowledge at Critical Design Review49 Illustration to Show How the Best Practice Model Would Apply to DOD's Acquisition Process56"

"Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, and Procurement Funding for Fiscal Years 1995 to 200712 Knowledge-based Process for Applying Best Practices to the Development of New Products13 Notional Illustration Showing the Different Paths That a Product's Development Can Take15 DOD's Concurrent Approach to Weapon System Development16 Notional Single-Step and Evolutionary Approaches to Developing New Products31 Achieving Stability on AIM-9X Missile Program by Knowledge Point 244 History of Drawing Completion for the F-22 Program46 PAC-3 Design Knowledge at Critical Design Review49 Illustration to Show How the Best Practice Model Would Apply to DOD's Acquisition Process56"

"Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, and Procurement Funding for Fiscal Years 1995 to 200712 Knowledge-based Process for Applying Best Practices to the Development of New Products13 Notional Illustration Showing the Different Paths That a Product's Development Can Take15 DOD's Concurrent Approach to Weapon System Development16 Notional Single-Step and Evolutionary Approaches to Developing New Products31 Achieving Stability on AIM-9X Missile Program by Knowledge Point 244 History of Drawing Completion for the F-22 Program46 PAC-3 Design Knowledge at Critical Design Review49 Illustration to Show How the Best Practice Model Would Apply to DOD's Acquisition Process56"

"DOD has recognized the nature of this problem and has taken steps to address it, including advocating the use of best practices for product development from commercial companies."

Leading commercial companies have achieved more predictable outcomes from their product development processes because they identify and control design and manufacturing risks early and manage them effectively.

"This report addresses how DOD can manage its weapon system acquisition process to ensure important knowledge about a system's design, critical manufacturing processes, and reliability is captured and used to make informed and timely decisions before committing to substantial development and production investments."

It identifies best practices to facilitate this decision making at two critical junctures-transition from system integration to system demonstration during product development and then transition into production.

In any new product development program there are three critical points that require the capture of specific knowledge to achieve successful outcomes.

"Commercial companies insist that technology be mature at the outset of a product development program and, therefore, separate technology development from product development."

"Commercial companies insist that technology be mature at the outset of a product development program and, therefore, separate technology development from product development."

"Commercial companies insist that technology be mature at the outset of a product development program and, therefore, separate technology development from product development."

"Commercial companies understand the importance of capturing design and manufacturing knowledge early in product development, when costs to identify problems and make design changes to the product are significantly cheaper."

"In a knowledge-based process, the achievement of each successive knowledge point builds on the preceding one, giving decision makers the knowledge they need-when they need it-to make decisions about whether to invest significant additional funds to move forward with product development."

Problems occur in programs when knowledge builds more slowly than commitments to enter product development or production.

"If a decision is made to commit to develop and produce a design before the critical technology, design, or manufacturing knowledge is captured, problems will cascade and become magnified through the product development and production phases."

"8, 2001) and Best Practices: Better Management of Technology Development Can Improve Weapon System Outcomes, GAO/NSIAD-99-162(Washington, D.C.: July 30, 1999)."

A product development process includes two phases followed by production-integration phase and demonstration phase.

"The commercial companies GAO visited achieved success in product development by first achieving a mature, stable design supported by completed engineering drawings during an integration phase and then by demonstrating that the product's design was reliable and critical manufacturing processes required to build it were in control before committing to full production."

Leading commercial companies employed practices to capture design and manufacturing knowledge in time for making key decisions during product development.

"First, the companies kept the degree of the design challenge manageable before starting a new product development program by using an evolutionary approach to develop a product."

"Second, the companies captured design and manufacturing knowledge before the two critical decision points in product development: when the design was demonstrated to be stable-the second knowledge point-and when the product was demonstrated to be producible at an affordable cost-the third knowledge point."

"In addition, it does not require a decision review to enter the demonstration phase of product development."

"Further, there is little incentive for DOD program managers to capture knowledge early in the development process."

"In contrast, commercial companies encourage their managers to capture product design and manufacturing knowledge to identify and resolve problems early in development, before making significant increases in their investment."

Leading commercial companies do not make significant investments to continue a product development or its production until they have knowledge that the product's design works and it can be manufactured efficiently within cost and schedule expectations.

"This approach reduced the amount of risk in the development of each increment, facilitating greater success in meeting cost, schedule, and performance requirements."

The commercial companies GAO visited used the evolutionary approach as their method for product development.

"For the most part, DOD programs try to achieve the same leap in performance but in just one step, contributing to development times that can take over 15 years to deliver a new capability to the military user."

"Second, each leading commercial company had a product development process that was prominent and central to its success."

The process was championed by executive leadership and embraced by product managers and development teams as an effective way to do business.

Critical to the product development process were activities that enabled the capture of specific design and manufacturing knowledge and decision reviews to determine if the knowledge captured would support the increased investment necessary to move to the next development phase or into production.

Critical to the product development process were activities that enabled the capture of specific design and manufacturing knowledge and decision reviews to determine if the knowledge captured would support the increased investment necessary to move to the next development phase or into production.

DOD recently changed its acquisition policy to emphasize evolutionary acquisition and establish separate integration and demonstration phases in the product development process.

It also lacks a decision review to proceed from the integration phase to the demonstration phase of product development.

"While the right policy and criteria are necessary to ensure a disciplined, knowledge-based product development process, the incentives that influence the key players in the acquisition process will ultimately determine whether they will be used effectively."

This undermines a knowledge-based process for making product development decisions.

"Instead, program managers and contractors push the capture of design and manufacturing knowledge to later in the development program to avoid the identification of problems that might stop or limit funding."

"Because of this, they encourage their managers to capture product design and manufacturing knowledge to identify and resolve problems early in development, before making significant increases in their investment."

"Over the next 5 years, starting in fiscal year 2003, DOD's request for weapon system development and acquisition funds is estimated to be $700 billion (see fig."

"In view of the importance of DOD's investment in weapon systems, we have undertaken an extensive body of work that examines DOD's acquisition issues from a different, more cross-cutting perspective-one that draws lessons learned from the best commercial product development efforts to see if they apply to weapon system acquisitions."

"This report looks at the core of the acquisition process, specifically product development and ways to successfully design and manufacture the product."

"Figure 1: Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, and Procurement Funding for Fiscal Years 1995 to 2007"

"Collectively, these practices ensure that a high level of knowledge exists about critical facets of the product at key junctures during development."

Such a knowledgebased process enables decision makers to be reasonably certain about critical facets of the product under development when they need this knowledge.

"To ensure the right level of knowledge at each key decision point in product development, leading commercial companies separate technology from product development and take steps to ensure the product design is stabilized early so product performance and producibility can be demonstrated before production."

"To ensure the right level of knowledge at each key decision point in product development, leading commercial companies separate technology from product development and take steps to ensure the product design is stabilized early so product performance and producibility can be demonstrated before production."

Figure 2: Knowledge-based Process for Applying Best Practices to the Development of New Products

Programs that do not typically encounter problems that eventually cascade and become magnified through the product development and production phases.

DOD's Traditional Approach to Product Development

Figure 3: Notional Illustration Showing the Different Paths That a Product's Development Can Take

This environment has made it difficult for either DOD or congressional decision makers to make informed decisions because appropriate knowledge has not been available at key decision points in product development.

Figure 4: DOD's Concurrent Approach to Weapon System Development

with actions aimed at reducing product development cycle times and improving the predictability of cost and schedule outcomes.

"While these are good first steps, further use of best practices in product development would provide a greater opportunity to improve weapon system cost and schedule outcomes."

"Our overall objective was to determine whether best practices offer methods to improve the way DOD ensures that the design is stable early in the development process and whether having manufacturing processes in control before production results in better cost, schedule, and quality outcomes in DOD major acquisition programs."

"Specifically, we identified best practices that have led to more successful product development and production outcomes, compared the best practices to those used in DOD programs, and analyzed current weapon system acquisition guidance for applicability of best practices."

"On the basis of our literature searches and discussions with experts, we identified a number of commercial companies as having innovative development processes and practices that resulted in successful product development."

"On the basis of our literature searches and discussions with experts, we identified a number of commercial companies as having innovative development processes and practices that resulted in successful product development."

"At each of the five companies, we conducted structured interviews with representatives to gather uniform and consistent information about each company's new product development processes and best practices."

"During the past 5 years, we have gathered information on product development practices from such companies as 3M, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, Chrysler Corporation, Bombardier Aerospace, Ford Motor Company, Hughes Space and Communications, and Motorola Corporation."

Our report highlights several best practices in product development based on our fieldwork.

Representatives from the commercial companies visited told us that the development of their best practices has evolved over many years and that the practices continue to be improved based on lessons learned and new ideas and information.

"Further, because of the sensitivity to how data that would show the actual outcomes of new product development efforts might affect their competitive standing, we did not obtain specific cost, schedule, and performance data."

"Next, we compared and contrasted the best practices with product development practices used in five DOD major acquisition programs."

The Air Force expects to buy 341 at a total acquisition cost (development and procurement) estimated at $69.

"The ""hit-to-kill"" missile capabilities represent a major part of the development program, as these are not capabilities included in prior versions of the Patriot system."

The development program began in 1992.

This basis for selection was to compare and contrast the development practices used on each with best practices used by the commercial companies.

Our analysis of the data was used as a basis to develop indicators of each program's development efficiencies and detailed questions to discuss product design and manufacturing practices.

This knowledge comes in the form of completed engineering drawings before transitioning from the system integration phase to the system demonstration phase of product development.

"Conceptually, the product development process has two phases: a system integration phase to stabilize the product's design and a system demonstration phase to demonstrate the product can be manufactured affordably and work reliably."

"Bypassing critical knowledge at either knowledge point will usually result in cost, schedule, and performance problems later in product development and production."

"On these programs, the initial phase of production-sometimes known as low-rate initial production-was able to focus on building operational test articles and improving the production processes, instead of continuing the product's design and development."

The most problematic programs also started production before design and manufacturing development work was concluded.

"In these cases, programs were producing items for the customers while making major product design and tooling changes, still establishing manufacturing processes, and conducting development testing."

These programs came very close to meeting their original cost and schedule estimates for product development.

Their development cost and schedule results significantly exceeded estimates.

"At the 1999 critical design review, the estimated development and production costs totaled $2."

F-22 Program Experience The F-22 program began detailed design efforts in 1991 when it entered a planned 8-year product development phase.

"At that time, the program office had estimated the cost to complete the development program at $19."

"In 1997, an independent review team examined the program and determined the product development effort was underestimated."

"Between 1995 and 1998, the development estimate for the F-22 increased by over $3."

"As of December 2001, the estimated development cost was $26."

manufacturing problems that started during development.

"The independent review team evaluated the cost impact on the production aircraft that would likely occur because of cost and schedule problems in development and found that production aircraft would have to begin later, at a slower pace, and cost more than expected."

This estimate was based on the effort needed so far to build the aircraft during product development.

"Since it began in 1995, the ATIRCM/CMWS program has had significant cost growth and schedule delays during product development."

"It was not until 1999, about 2 years after the critical design review, that program officials felt that the design had stabilized; however, by this time, the product development cost had increased 160 percent and production had been delayed by almost 3 years."

"Many of the development units were built by hand, in different facilities, and with different processes and personnel."

"Program officials stated that because they did not stabilize the design until late in development, manufacturing issues were not adequately addressed."

Leading commercial companies have been successful in achieving product development goals because they have found ways to enable the capture of design and manufacturing knowledge about the products they are developing in a timely way.

We found two practices that allowed leading commercial companies to capture necessary knowledge for product development.

"First, they established a framework of evolutionary product development that limited the amount of design and manufacturing knowledge that had to be captured."

"This framework limited the design challenge for any one new product development by requiring risky technology, design, or manufacturing requirements to be deferred until a future generation of the product."

"Second, each company (1) employed a disciplined product development process that brought together and integrated all of the technologies, components, and subsystems required for the product to ensure the design was stable before entering product demonstration and (2) demonstrated the product was reliable and producible using proven manufacturing processes before entering production."

The product development process includes tools that both capture knowledge and tie this knowledge to decisions about the product's design and manufacturing processes before making commitments that would significantly affect company resources.

Leading Commercial Companies Use Evolutionary Product Development Framework to Reduce Development Risks

Leading Commercial Companies Use Evolutionary Product Development Framework to Reduce Development Risks

"programs-the F-22, ATIRCMS, and PAC-3-did not closely approximate best practices in capturing design or manufacturing knowledge during product development."

"They took on greater design challenges, had program reviews that were not supported by critical design and manufacturing knowledge, and made decisions to advance to the next phases of development without sufficient design and manufacturing knowledge."

This approach permitted companies to focus more on design and development with a limited array of new content and technologies in a program.

It also ensured that each company had the requisite knowledge for a product's design before investing in the development of manufacturing processes and facilities.

"Design elements not achievable in the initial development were planned for subsequent development efforts in future generations of the product, but only when technologies were proven to be mature and other resources were available."

"Design elements not achievable in the initial development were planned for subsequent development efforts in future generations of the product, but only when technologies were proven to be mature and other resources were available."

"This approach reduces the amount of risk in the development of each increment, facilitating greater success in meeting cost, schedule, and performance requirements."

Each commercial company we visited used the evolutionary approach as the primary method of product development.

General Electric builds on the basic capability of a fielded product by introducing proven improvements in capability from its advanced engineering development team.

General Electric considers the introduction of immature technologies into fielded products or new engine development programs as a significant cost and schedule risk.

Its new product development process is primarily focused on reducing and managing risk for design changes and product

Leading Commercial Companies Use a Product Development Process to Capture Design and Manufacturing Knowledge for Decision Making

"Now, both companies have new product development processes that actively manage the amount of new content that can be placed on a new product development effort."

"Now, both companies have new product development processes that actively manage the amount of new content that can be placed on a new product development effort."

"Even during the development of its 797 mining truck, which it considered a major design challenge, it did not require the truck to achieve capabilities-such as prognostics for better maintenance-that it could not demonstrate or validate in the design in a timely manner."

Decisions are continually made throughout product development without knowing the cost and schedule ramifications.

Leading commercial companies we visited had spent significant amounts of time and resources to develop and evolve new product development processes that ensured design and manufacturing knowledge was captured at the two critical decision points in product development: when the product's design was demonstrated to be stable-knowledge point 2-and when the product was demonstrated to be producible at an affordable cost-knowledge point 3. The process established a disciplined framework to capture specific design and manufacturing knowledge about new products.

Leading commercial companies we visited had spent significant amounts of time and resources to develop and evolve new product development processes that ensured design and manufacturing knowledge was captured at the two critical decision points in product development: when the product's design was demonstrated to be stable-knowledge point 2-and when the product was demonstrated to be producible at an affordable cost-knowledge point 3. The process established a disciplined framework to capture specific design and manufacturing knowledge about new products.

Companies then used that knowledge to make informed decisions about moving forward in a new product development program.

Each commercial firm we visited had a new product development process that was prominent and central to the firm's successes.

"Once the program achieved a stable design, the certainty of their cost and schedule estimates was substantially increased, allowing them to plan the balance of the product development program with high confidence."

Table 3 shows the activities required to capture design knowledge that leads to executive decisions about whether to transition to the next phase of development.

"If the product under development was an incremental improvement to existing products, such as the next generation of a printer or engine, these companies used virtual prototypes for any components that were being used for the first time."

Prototypes at this stage in development were typically not built in a manufacturing facility.

Table 4 shows an example of the types and purposes for various kinds of prototypes used by Cummins Inc. depending on the amount of knowledge it needed to capture and the point it was in the development process.

Prototypes were used by commercial companies throughout the product development process and not just during product integration.

Table 4: Examples of Prototypes Used by Cummins Inc. at Various Stages of Product Development

"Cummins, the world sales leader in diesel engines over 200 horsepower, effectively uses prototypes to ensure that a design is stable and believes in the value of prototyping throughout product development."

"A Cummins representative stated that not using prototypes becomes a matter of ""pay me now or pay me later,"" meaning that it is far less costly to demonstrate a product's design early in development with prototypes, concepts, and analyses than to incur the cost of significant design changes after a product has entered production-a much more costly environment to make changes."

"In addition to using engineering prototypes during the product integration phase of product development, Cummins and other companies we visited used other prototypes-such as production representative prototypes-in the remaining product development phases before production, as shown in table 4, to demonstrate product reliability and process control."

"In addition to using engineering prototypes during the product integration phase of product development, Cummins and other companies we visited used other prototypes-such as production representative prototypes-in the remaining product development phases before production, as shown in table 4, to demonstrate product reliability and process control."

"That is, it tries to develop new products that increase the capabilities of existing product lines, but it limits the amount of new content on any one product development because new content inherently increases design risk."

Caterpillar was able to deliver this design in 18 months after the product development was started.

"Each company had a design review process that began at the component level, continued through the subsystem level, and culminated with a critical design review of the integrated system to determine if the product was ready to progress to the next phase of development."

This decision point used the knowledge captured as exit criteria for moving to the next phase of development.

"Options included canceling the development program, delaying the decision until all criteria were met, or moving ahead with a detailed plan to achieve criteria not met by a specific time when leadership would revisit the other options."

"One company emphasized that if a major milestone is delayed, an appropriate adjustment should be made to the end date of the program, thereby avoiding compressing the time allotted for the rest of product development and managing the risks that subsequent milestones will be missed."

This decision point coincides with the companies' need to increase investments in the product development and continue to the next phase.

"For this reason, the decision point was considered critical to achieving success in product development and could not be taken lightly."

"Company officials told us that these two tools enabled a smooth transition from product development to production, resulting in better program outcomes."

Table 5 shows the activities required to capture manufacturing knowledge that leads to executive decisions about whether to transition from product development into production.

"The earlier this takes place, the less impact it will have on the development and production program."

Several commercial companies we visited began gathering this data very early in development and tracked it throughout development.

Several commercial companies we visited began gathering this data very early in development and tracked it throughout development.

"Before Caterpillar starts making parts, it estimates the product's reliability in its current stage of development based on knowledge captured from failure modes and effects analysis,6 component prototype testing, and past product experience."

"If trade-offs are not possible, decision makers may decide not to go forward with the development."

"Caterpillar improves the product's reliability during development by testing prototypes, uncovering failures, and incorporating design changes."

"The commercial companies, after capturing specific manufacturing knowledge, had executive level reviews to determine if the product development had sufficiently progressed to permit a transition into production."

"As a result, they experienced significant increases in development costs and production delays usually at the expense of other DOD programs."

AIM-9X Missile Program The AIM-9X development practices closely paralleled best practices used by the commercial companies we visited.

"Program officials stated that testing of engineering prototypes uncovered problems with missile design and manufacturing tooling early in the development, during system integration, allowing time to re-design and re-test in follow-on configurations."

The F/A-18 E/F aircraft development program was able to take advantage of knowledge captured in developing and manufacturing prior versions of the aircraft.

The program also identified the critical manufacturing processes and collected statistical process control data early in product development.

"It did not complete 90 percent of the necessary engineering drawings until 1998, after the first two development aircraft were delivered."

The F-22 program initially had taken steps to use statistical process control data during development and gain control of critical manufacturing processes by the full rate production decision.

"Therefore, because of the immature design, initially manufactured development missiles were hand-made, took longer to build than planned, and suffered from poor quality."

"According to program officials, there was little emphasis during development or initial production on using statistical control on critical manufacturing processes."

Most of the development missiles were built in specialty shops rather than in a manufacturing environment.

"During development, the supplier had difficulty in designing and manufacturing this subsystem."

"In addition, between 1995 and 1999, the development contract target price increased by 165 percent."

Program officials said that an immature design limited their ability to begin reliability testing earlier in development.

"The program plans to build, develop, and test six additional development units during 2002 and 2003 that will incorporate design changes to fix the system failures."

"As demonstrated by successful companies, using these criteria can help ensure that the right knowledge is collected at the right time and that it will provide the basis for key decisions to commit to significant increases in investment as product development moves forward."

"While the right policy and criteria are necessary to ensure a disciplined, knowledge-based product development process, the incentives that influence the key players in the acquisition process will ultimately determine whether they will be used effectively."

These incentives undermine a knowledge-based process for making product development decisions.

"Instead, program managers and contractors push the capture of design and manufacturing knowledge to later in the development program to avoid the identification of problems that might stop or limit its funding."

Such an approach invariably leads to added costs because programs are forced to fix problems late in development.

"Because of this, they encourage their managers to capture product design and manufacturing knowledge to identify and resolve problems early in development, before making significant increases in their investment."

Greater emphasis on evolutionary acquisitions and structuring the product development process into two phases-system integration and system demonstration-were good first steps for DOD to achieve its goals of buying higher quality systems in less time and for lower costs.

"In three of the five DOD program examples in chapter 3, managers decided to move forward in development, even when developers had failed to capture design and manufacturing knowledge to support increased investments."

The low-rate initial production decision occurs after this phase of product development.

"With more specific knowledge in hand at the end of development, decision makers can make a more informed decision to move into production with assurances that the product will achieve its cost, schedule, and quality outcomes."

"Finally, while DOD's policy separates product development into a two-stage process-integration and demonstration-it does not require a decision milestone to move from one stage to the next."

"On the other hand, commercial companies consider this review a critical decision point in their product development process because it precedes a commitment to significantly increase their investment."

The incentives for program managers and product developers to gather knowledge and reduce risk are also critical to DOD's ability to adopt best practices for product development.

This environment results in higher risks and a greater reliance on cost-reimbursement10 contracts for longer periods of time during product development.

"They are suitable for use only when uncertainties involved in contract performance, such as research and development work, do not permit costs to be estimated with sufficient accuracy."

"Also, if one product development takes more time and money to complete than expected, it denies the firm opportunities to invest those resources in other products."

Production is a dominant concern in commercial companies throughout the product development process and forces discipline and trade-offs in the design process.

"annual basis in DOD, strong incentives exist for the program office to make optimistic assumptions about development cost and schedule."

"Instead, DOD's product development environment relies on cost-type contracting throughout the entire product development process."

"Instead, DOD's product development environment relies on cost-type contracting throughout the entire product development process."

"Once in production, programs will cut quantities to maintain funding or once fielded, they rely on the operations and maintenance budget to pay for reliability problems not solved in development."

"This approach means adopting and implementing an evolutionary approach to developing new weapon systems, improving policy to more closely approximate a knowledge-based product development process, and creating incentives for capturing and using knowledge for decision making."

"Without an evolutionary approach as its foundation, the ability to capture design and manufacturing knowledge early in the development process is significantly reduced."

"DOD has made improvements in its acquisition policy by incorporating guidance for evolutionary acquisition, creating guidelines for the development of a basic product that can be upgraded with additional capabilities as technologies present themselves."

"As a result, programs often pass through each development phase and into production with an unstable design and insufficient knowledge about critical manufacturing processes and product reliability."

"Additionally, DOD does not provide the proper incentives to encourage the use of best practices in capturing knowledge early in its development programs."

culture is to accept greater risks upfront and then fix problems later in the development program.

"This framework limited the design challenge for any one new product development by allowing risky technology, design, or manufacturing requirements to be deferred until a future generation of the product."

"Second, each company we visited used the same basic product development process and criteria for bringing together and integrating all of the technologies, components, and subsystems required for the product to ensure the design was stable and then demonstrating that the product was producible and reliable using proven manufacturing processes."

"Their new product development process included key, high-level decision points before moving into product demonstration, and again before making the production decision that required specific, knowledge-based exit criteria."

"Finally, leading companies created an environment for their managers that emphasized capturing design and manufacturing knowledge early, before committing substantial investments in a product development that made cancellation a more difficult decision to make."

"To do this, it should ensure that its acquisition process captures specific design and manufacturing knowledge, includes decisions at key junctures in the development program, and provides incentives to use a knowledge-based process."

"At this point, the design should be demonstrated to be stable so that during the next phase of development attention can be focused on demonstrating manufacturing processes and product reliability."

"We agree there may be circumstances, such as in the development of software, when it makes good sense to progress with less than the best practice standard for drawings, but the DOD policy should maintain the requirement to achieve 90 percent drawings by the completion of the system integration phase."

Best Practices: Better Management of Technology Development Can Improve Weapon System Outcomes.

and (3) legal authority allowing GAO to undertake work on its own initiative that is intended to support the Congress (research and development work).

"§718(b)(2), the Senate Governmental Affairs and House Government Reform committees may request copies of any draft report generated under GAO's legal authority to undertake work on its own initiative (research and development work) when the draft report is sent to the agency for comment."

The views of the agency official will be considered in the development of the testimony statement.

"Our work has shown that the effectiveness of federal program areas as diverse as employment assistance and training, rural development, early childhood development, and food safety has been plagued by fragmented or overlapping efforts."

"Our work has shown that the effectiveness of federal program areas as diverse as employment assistance and training, rural development, early childhood development, and food safety has been plagued by fragmented or overlapping efforts."

"development programs, and pay and promotion standards to organizational mission, vision, and culture."

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) was established in October 1992 as a result of a realignment of a number of Army research and development organizations.

"Finally, OMB noted that the development and refinement of performance measures will be an ongoing process."

"Federal audit guidelines pertaining to program requirements, such as those issued for Housing and Urban Development and Student Financial Aid programs, may require that GAGAS be followed."

"development of audit methodologies, policies, and procedures."

"Audit organizations should have a process, such as a human capital system, for recruitment, hiring, continuous development, and evaluation of staff to assist the organization in maintaining a workforce that has adequate competence."

"Continuing education may include such topics as developments in audit standards and methodology, accounting, assessment of internal control, principles of management or supervision, information systems management, statistical sampling, financial statement analysis, evaluation design, and data analysis."

"This guide is intended for use in planning and conducting risk assessments of computer hardware and software, telecommunications, and system development acquisitions."

"A risk assessment is the process of identifying potential risks in a system under development and then determining the significance of each risk in terms of its likelihood and impact on the acquisition's cost, schedule, and ability"

4: Development Progress 76 Figure II.

The audit approach described in this guide is intended to result in a risk assessment of an acquisition project at any point in its development.

"Appendix II of this guide describes techniques to use in identifying software development risks of delays and cost overruns, known collectively as management metrics or indicators."

These techniques require information about the size of the system being developed and about progress after development has begun.

An auditor using this guide to review an acquisition that includes significant software development and has a contract in place should review appendix II for techniques to help identify variances from the agency's cost and schedule estimates.

The cost models described in appendix II can be used to make a rough estimate of how long a system development may require.

"This acquisition guide is intended for use in reviewing any information technology acquisition, regardless of the system development methodology being used."

"The guide is structured around the federal acquisition process, and is independent of development methods for information systems."

An auditor should recognize that there are different system development models that may be used when a system development effort is acquired.

An auditor should recognize that there are different system development models that may be used when a system development effort is acquired.

"Such models may include the ""waterfall"" model, rapid prototyping, or evolutionary development."

(1) focus on determining how one or more prototypesor incremental versions function to define the agency's requirements and (2) determine how the system development methodology used by the agency controls the prototyping process.

"One approach to using prototyping as part of the system development process has been described as a ""spiral"" model of system development."

"One approach to using prototyping as part of the system development process has been described as a ""spiral"" model of system development."

User involvement in the acquisition process will help avoid the development of products that ultimately do not meet agency requirements.

To ensure that senior managers support and areactively involved throughout the development and implementation of an acquisition.

"Approve the alternative selected (such as thechoice between off-the-shelf technologies or custom development, centralized or distributed processing, etc)."

"To ensure that the agency defines its requirements,based on the needs identified earlier and validated by functional users, well enough to support the acquisition of hardware, software, telecommunications, and system development services."

"Assessing the test and acceptance phase may require a high level of technical skill on the part of auditors, such as when an agency has contracted for software development services and must test the quality of delivered software."

"The auditor should be able to understand the system requirements, development methodologies, and test tools being used."

"software development,"

"What, if any, development tools and techniques(such as Computer-Aided Software Engineering-CASE) are in use?"

This appendix describes tools and techniques for measuring the status of acquisitions involving significant software development.

"It describes techniques, known as software metrics, for quantitatively measuring how closely a project conforms to development plans and assessing whether an acquisition is at risk of delay or cost increases."

"The metrics described here will generally be used after contract award, in order to assess how well the agency is managing the system development process."

"Software metrics, which use mathematical models to measure elements of the development process, are intended to help organizations better understand and manage the relationships between resource decisions, development schedules, and the cost of software projects."

"Software metrics, which use mathematical models to measure elements of the development process, are intended to help organizations better understand and manage the relationships between resource decisions, development schedules, and the cost of software projects."

"By using software metric tools an auditor can independently evaluate software development projects by analyzing project budgets, requirements, schedules, and resources, and then confirm or question cost, schedule, and resource estimates."

They may be used before a solicitation for software development is

"issued in order to assess the reasonableness of the agency's schedule (if a system design has been prepared), or after a contract has been awarded and software development has begun."

The other metrics described in this appendix require that system development work be underway.

"However, cost models have significant limitations in accuracy unless their underlying assumptions of system size and cost drivers are carefully chosen and reflect the agency's previous experience in system development."

Auditors should also ensure that the model used is consistent with the software development methodology of the project under consideration.

assess how effectively an agency is managing a system development contract.

These indicators measure differences between what an agency planned for its contractor to accomplish by certain points in the systems development life cycle and the actual results.

Development Progress

4: Development Progress

Software Size This indicator records changes in the expected magnitude of the software development effort.

"Changes in the expected system size may necessitate reestimates of the development cost, using the cost models described earlier in this appendix."

Personnel Stability Tracking the total number of people assigned to a system development effort compared to planned staffing levels provides another indicator of potential problems.

Evaluation and Comparison of Software Development

A System Development Life Cycle Approach.

the basis for further development and that can be changed only through formal change control procedures.

"The continuous control of changes made to a system'sConfiguration hardware, software, and documentation throughoutManagement the development and operational life of the system."

"Verification and validation performed by anIndependent organization that is technically, managerially, andVerification and financially independent of the development Validation (IV&V) organization."

A hardware and software development technique in

"Prototyping which a preliminary version of part or all of the hardware or software is developed to permit user feedback, determine feasibility, or investigate timing or other issues in support of the development process."

support of the development process.

"As programs change and as agencies strive to improve operational processes and implement new technological developments, management must continually assess and evaluate its internal control to assure that the control activities being used are effective and updated when necessary."

"Control activities are the policies, procedures, techniques, and mechanisms that enforce management's directives, such as the process of adhering to requirements for budget development and execution."

"This category includes entitywide security program planning, management, control over data center operations, system software acquisition and maintenance, access security, and application system development and maintenance."

Application system development and maintenance control provides the structure for safely developing new systems and modifying existing systems.

"Included are documentation requirements; authorizations for undertaking projects; and reviews, testing, and approvals of development and modification activities before placing systems into operation."

"An alternative to in-house development is the procurement of commercial software, but control is necessary to ensure that selected software meets the user's needs, and that it is properly placed into operation."

"For example, operating information is required for development of financial reports."

"We are sending copies of this letter to Senator George V. Voinovich, Chairman, and Senator Max S. Baucus, Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works; Representative Bob Franks, Chairman, and Representative Robert Wise, Jr., Ranking Democratic Member, Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, Hazardous Materials and Pipeline Transportation, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure; and to others upon request."

"5 TPC is defined as the sum total of all costs associated with a project's planning, development, design, construction, outfitting, and startup, not including land costs."

"Total project engineering costs average 20 percent of TPC (in addition to design costs discussed above, includes planning, development, and project management costs)."

Comprehensive review of project document development during the design phase of acquisition should cost from 0.2 to 0.5 percent of TPC.

Procurement specialists trained primarily in contract negotiation and review rather than design and construction have been playing increasingly greater roles in facilities development.

"On the Responsibilities of Architects and Engineers and Their Clients in Federal Facilities Development, NRC, Committee on ArchitectEngineer Responsibilities, Building Research Board (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1994)."

Nearly all facility acquisition functions except agency policy development and oversight have been considered for outsourcing by one agency or another.

Most projects that fail to meet their planned objectives do so because of faulty or inadequate predesign development.

"Today's general practice among federal agencies is to outsource design development and, to a lesser extent, certain specialized technical review functions, such as shop drawing reviews, value engineering, and constructability."

"For example, the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions is published in the Federal Register twice each year by the Regulatory Information Service Center (RISC), 1 and provides uniform reporting of data on regulatory activities under development throughout the federal government."

"For example, the most recent edition of the Unified Agenda (April 2000) describes 4,441 rulemaking actions under development or recently completed by 60 federal departments and agencies."

"§ 716(b), I am submitting this report because the Vice President, as Chair of the National Energy Policy Development Group (NEPDG), has not provided the General Accounting Office (GAO) with access to certain records relating to the process by which the National Energy Policy was developed."

"To this end, on June 21, his representatives provided us with 77 pages of miscellaneous documents purporting to relate to direct and indirect costs incurred in the development of the National Energy Policy."

"As you know, the United States General Accounting Office (GAO) has been engaged in an ongoing effort to obtain certain narrowly defined, factual information concerning the development of the National Energy Policy proposal from Vice President Cheney in his role as Chair of the National Energy Policy Development Group (NEPDG)."

"As you know, the United States General Accounting Office (GAO) has been engaged in an ongoing effort to obtain certain narrowly defined, factual information concerning the development of the National Energy Policy proposal from Vice President Cheney in his role as Chair of the National Energy Policy Development Group (NEPDG)."

"This, plus the Senate's expected consideration of comprehensive energy legislation this session, reinforces the need for the information we requested concerning the development of the National Energy Policy proposal."

"In addition, there are many aspects of information security, such as risk assessment, policy development, and disaster recovery planning, that require coordinated management attention."

"In particular, senior executive recognition of information security risks and interest in taking steps to understand and manage these risks were the most important factors in prompting development of more formal information security programs."

"In addition, the group participates in the company's strategic planning efforts and in the early stages of software development projects to ensure that security implications of these efforts are addressed."

"However, the university had established an information security policy committee that included top university officials, legal counsel, and representatives from student affairs, faculty affairs, and internal audit to assist in the development and review of policies."

Case Example - Coordinating Policy Development and Awareness Activities

"Since then, this individual's responsibilities for information security policy development and awareness, which had previously been handled on a part-time basis, have evolved into a full-time ""awareness manager position"" in the organization's central security group."

"To reduce the chances of a similar incident, the awareness manager concurrently (1) coordinated the development of a policy describing organizational data classification standards and (2) developed a brochure and guidelines to publicize the new standards and educate employees on their implementation."

"By coordinating policy development and awareness activities in this manner, she helps ensure that new risks and policies are communicated promptly and that employees are periodically reminded of existing policies through means such as monthly bulletins, an intranet web site, and presentations to new employees."

"However, several security managers said that the development of automated monitoring tools is lagging behind the introduction of new computer and network technologies and that this has impaired their efforts to detect incidents, especially unauthorized intrusions."

"In this regard, agencies must continually (1) explore and assess information security risks to business operations, (2) determine what policies, standards, and controls are worth implementing to reduce these risks, (3) promote awareness and understanding among program managers, computer users, and systems development staff, and"

"IRS Systems Security and Funding: Employee Browsing Not Being Addressed Effectively and Budget Requests for New Systems Development Not Justified (GAO/T-AIMD-97-82, April 15, 1997)"

"Information Superhighway: Issues Affecting Development (GAO/RCED-94-285, September 30, 1994)"

"The five special function areas were (1) law enforcement and internal security, (2) intelligence, (3) foreign affairs, (4) national defense, and (5) research and development."

"Members shared information concerning information security management practices, including corporate governance practices, business risk management processes, computing and network contract provisions, application development and support, disaster recovery planning, and performance measurement regarding control effectiveness."

"For example, in many cases, one organization's members were willing to help each other by reviewing the requirement documentation for new systems development projects or system enhancement projects and participate in meetings to expose weaknesses and raise questions about a proposed project."

"The discussion led to the development of a better, more secure system."

"For example, one organization had to stop development of a secure Web site because the sponsor withdrew its support."

"encourages development of quality security products and services through collaborative relationships with federal agencies, academia, and private industry;"

"In addition, I-4 maintains alliances with leading research organizations, such as SRI International and Kent Ridge Digital Labs, to stay abreast of the latest technical, communications, legal, and economic developments."

"The National Infrastructure Protection Center, which is an interagency center housed at the FBI, in conjunction with representatives from private industry, the academic community, and government, has worked to expand InfraGard by encouraging development of local chapters associated with each of the FBI's 56 field offices."

"JTF-CNO maintains a close relationship with the CERT/CC, the NIPC, and FedCIRC by participating in joint technical exchanges, working groups, and countermeasure development teams."

"encouraged research and development of tools and methodologies to prevent crime,"

promoted development of trusted relationships between the public and the private sector.

"During the development of the CAFE standard for model year 1998, the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1996, Pub."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) entitled ""Amendments to Regulation X, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act: Withdrawal of Employer/Employee and Computer Loan Origination Systems Exemptions (FR-3638); and Policy Statements 1996-1 (regarding computer loan origination systems); 1996-2 (regarding sham controlled business arrangements); and 1996-3 (rental of office space, lock-outs, and retaliation)"" (RIN: 2502-AG26)."

"The official responsible for GAO evaluation work relating to HUD is Judy England-Joseph, Director, Housing and Community Development Issues."

General Counsel Department of Housing and Urban Development

"§§ 801(a)(1)(B)(i)-(iv) OF A MAJOR RULE ISSUED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (HUD) ENTITLED ""AMENDMENTS TO REGULATION X, THE REAL ESTATE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES ACT: WITHDRAWAL OF EMPLOYER/EMPLOYEE AND COMPUTER LOAN ORIGINATION SYSTEMS EXEMPTIONS (FR-3638); AND POLICY STATEMENTS 1996-1 (REGARDING COMPUTER LOAN ORIGINATION SYSTEMS); 1996-2 (REGARDING SHAM CONTROLLED BUSINESS ARRANGEMENTS); AND 1996-3 (RENTAL OF OFFICE SPACE, LOCK-OUTS, AND RETALIATION)"" (RIN: 2502-AG26)"

"As discussed below, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) submitted the proposed Amendments to Regulation X to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review as a ""significant regulatory action"" under Executive Order 12866."

It also states that these actions should lead to faster development of

"According to EPA's analysis, a number of decisions adopted in the final rule (specifically, the adoption of tiers (""programs""), the reduced requirements for the risk management plan and the development of guidance for offsite consequence analysis) have significantly reduced the burden on small entities."

"The rule requires establishments to document their compliance with the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) Systems, first in the development of a plan and thereafter in a continuous record of process performance."

Subject: Department of Housing and Urban Development: Single Family Mortgage Insurance; Loss Mitigation Procedures

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), entitled ""Single Family Mortgage Insurance; Loss Mitigation Procedures"" (RIN: 2502-AG72)."

"The official responsible for GAO evaluation work relating to HUD is Judy England-Joseph, Director, Housing and Community Development Issues."

cc: Mr. Nelson A. Diaz General Counsel Department of Housing and Urban Development

THE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (HUD)

That analysis notes that the rule will carry out the Congress' intent to establish a consistent regulatory framework for all commercial mobile radio services and that the rule will assist in the development of competition between wireless and wireline services for the benefit of consumers.

"The official responsible for GAO evaluation work relating to the rule is Robert A. Robinson, Director, Food and Agriculture Issues, Resources, Community and Economic Development Division."

"The official responsible for GAO evaluation work relating to the rule is Robert A. Robinson, Director, Food and Agriculture Issues, Resources, Community and Economic Development Division."

"However, HHS is accepting comments on the interim final rule for a 90-day period for consideration in the development of the final rules to be issued implementing the HIPAA."

"However, the Departments are accepting comments on the interim final rule for a 90-day period for consideration in the development of the final rules to be issued implementing the HIPAA."

"Because pork production in Sonora is a relatively new development and because the United States has restricted the importation of swine and pork products for the last 20 years, APHIS bases its potential impact analysis on some assumptions regarding the level of pork production in Sonora in the future, the percentage of pork production that might be processed in Sonora for shipment to the United States, and the demand for pork in the United States."

"Finally, it describes the alternatives considered in the development of the rule and why it rejected them and adopted the rule as proposed."

"Finally, it describes the alternatives considered in the development of the rule and why it rejected them and adopted the rule as proposed."

The analysis concludes that the final rule will not impose any additional burdens on small entities because most of the changes in the rule do not require the development of new information.

"There are GAO case studies in many areas-urban housing, weapon systems testing, community development, military procurement contracts, influences on the Brazilian export-import balances, how programs aimed at improving water quality are working, and the implementation of block grants-to name only a few."

"When the Department of Health and Human Services was trying out delivery of Head Start services to parents and children in their own homes, called Home Start, the Department supplemented a formal assessment of the development of the children before and after the program with case studies (High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, 1972)."

"The case studies told, too, of the development of the program over time and helped give a realistic sense of problems in start-up and implementation, how changes in staffing were accommodated, and the impact of shifting federal guidance on efforts to carry out the program in the field."

This series of reports also is useful for illustrating the way in which causality is established in case studies: through development of internally consistent explanations of what led to what and the conscientious use of information from within the site and from contrasting sites to rule out alternative explanations.

Agency for International Development.

"A frequency distribution of events-such as a table showing the number of decision points in a community economic development program and a decrease in the probability of action as the number of decision points increases-are about as numerical as qualitative data are likely to be in a research case study, according to some experts."

"For example, those who supported an evaluation of a training program might want the researchers to find out whether the development of the participants' self-concepts, self-esteem, task orientation, work habits, and personal and social traits seemed associated with the program or with something else."

"Developments in Scope and Methods, eds."

Development: A Case Book.

"Bigeye Bomb: AnEvaluation of DOD Chemical and Development Tests,"

"According to OPM, steps to implement its modernization plan have reduced FERS processing times, and development of a staffing plan will enable it to reduce CSRS processing times."

"using a variety of formal and on-the-job training approaches to facilitate the development of new skills,"

"Specifically, the majority of employees that responded indicated that they did not understand their workgroup's role in implementing FHWA's corporate management strategies that were based on the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award and the Presidential Quality Award Criteria-leadership, strategic planning, customer and partner focus, information and analysis, human resource development and management, process management, and business results."

"8 Its scorecard included measures for accuracy, speed and timeliness, unit cost, customer satisfaction, and employee development and satisfaction."

Learn about current and emerging issues/developments in own field of expertise and apply knowledge to make technically sound operational decisions.

"According to the senior executive, the RAC recommended that ongoing uses continue, but that this stretch receive special protection from further development."

Create an environment for continuous learning and development opportunities.

The senior executive stated in his selfassessment for fiscal year 2001 that the employees and their supervisors used the assessment tool to establish individual development plans and the training committee has been scheduling training sessions to ensure that individual development plans are met.

The senior executive stated in his selfassessment for fiscal year 2001 that the employees and their supervisors used the assessment tool to establish individual development plans and the training committee has been scheduling training sessions to ensure that individual development plans are met.

"This executive worked with his Human Resources Development Committee, composed of representatives from the eight BLM field offices in Nevada."

"Specifically, with input from the committee, the senior executive developed a Statewide Mentoring Program to enhance and promote opportunities for employees' skill development and to assist them in achieving their career goals."

"The report identified one of the office's strengths to be management's support and approval for training, and one of its opportunities for improvement to be keeping employees' individual development plans up to date."

"In response, the senior executive identified in her individual performance plan a specific expectation of updating individual development plans for every employee by April 30, 2002."

"We spoke to OPM officials responsible for the senior executive performance management regulations to discuss the development and implementation of the regulations, as well as officials responsible for amending and implementing the general workforce performance management regulations."

"Serve current and future publics: Ensure the National Environmental Policy Act and environmental analyses are sufficient to sustain program decisions; reduce threats to public health, safety, and property by completing deferred maintenance projects; continue action on energy and mineral leases, permits, and claims; implement BLM's wild horse and burro national strategy in accordance with program directives; and improve land, resource, and title information by participating in the development and implementation of bureauwide data standards."

"position description and individual performance plan linked to the strategic plan, and providing appropriate training for employees at all levels; demonstrate improvement in diversity and composition of the workforce as measured by the percent of hiring opportunities in which diversity candidates are placed; demonstrate commitment to nondiscrimination in the workplace by ensuring that individuals are not denied employment or career advancement opportunities due to gender, race, and other factors; and provide development opportunities to subordinates to help them participate in the goal of achieving workforce diversity."

"assisting in the development of options to establish conservation reserves, (2) improving the productivity and diversity of public lands,"

"Human resource development and management-Increase employee technical competence, authority, and the tools needed to meet agency and customer needs; continue to develop and utilize the full potential of the agency's human resources and create an environment that is conducive to performance excellence and personal and organizational growth."

"Employee satisfaction-Ensures that a healthy work environment is maintained, creates an environment for continuous learning and development opportunities, and effectively uses feedback and coaching to promote teamwork and skill sharing."

"The commitments describe a limited number of critical actions; objectives, such as personal development objectives; and/or results that the executive will work to achieve."

"fiscal year 2001 are structured around common performance elements- service delivery, organizational support/teamwork, leadership development, external relations, and workplace responsibilities."

"employee development and satisfaction-the skill level of the workforce, training needs, course development, and satisfaction with the job and organization."

"employee development and satisfaction-the skill level of the workforce, training needs, course development, and satisfaction with the job and organization."

"Leadership development - executive competencies and qualifications: The executive identifies developmental activities in a proposed leadership development plan, which is to be submitted at the beginning of the performance year."

"Leadership development - executive competencies and qualifications: The executive identifies developmental activities in a proposed leadership development plan, which is to be submitted at the beginning of the performance year."

"The executive engages in substantial personal development activities such as attending training courses, reading books, and undertaking projects in order to develop skills."

"VBA identified indicators of performance for this element including performance management and recognition, employee development and training, equal employment opportunity policy statement, physical plant enhancements, and employee satisfaction surveys."

VBA outlined specific sub-elements for the service delivery element and replaced the leadership development element with two additional elements-program integrity and information security.

"Also, the executive will improve the cycle times of claims processing in development, rating, and authorization time as shown in the Claims Automated Processing System records."

The specific applicability of the standards to components of the Federal government was considered during the development of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Concepts No.

Volume II is under development at this time and will be organized alphabetically by topic.

#NAME?

#NAME?

"Such investments will be measured in terms of expenses incurred for certain education and training programs; federally financed research and development; and federally financed but not federally owned property, such as bridges and roads."

Expenses that are incurred for education and training that are intended to increase national economic productive capacity or for research and development that are intended to provide future benefits or returns.

#NAME?

"For investments that are intended to maintain or increase the economic productive capacity of the Nation, that is, investments in human capital, research and development, and nonfederal physical property, trend data shall be presented."

"amounts invested in human capital, research and development, and nonfederal physical property; and"

CHAPTER 7: RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

Research and Development

Expenses included in calculating net cost for research and development programs that are intended to increase or maintain national economic productive capacity or yield other future benefits shall be reported as investments in research and development in required supplementary stewardship information accompanying the financial statements of the Federal Government and its component units.

Expenses included in calculating net cost for research and development programs that are intended to increase or maintain national economic productive capacity or yield other future benefits shall be reported as investments in research and development in required supplementary stewardship information accompanying the financial statements of the Federal Government and its component units.

"Investment in research and development"" refers to those expenses incurred to support the search for new or refined knowledge and ideas and for the application or use of such knowledge and ideas for the development of new or improved products and processes with the expectation of maintaining or increasing national economic productive capacity or yielding other future benefits."

"Investment in research and development"" refers to those expenses incurred to support the search for new or refined knowledge and ideas and for the application or use of such knowledge and ideas for the development of new or improved products and processes with the expectation of maintaining or increasing national economic productive capacity or yielding other future benefits."

Research and development is composed of

"Development: systematic use of the knowledge and understanding gained from research for the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including the design and development of prototypes and processes."

"Development: systematic use of the knowledge and understanding gained from research for the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including the design and development of prototypes and processes."

"In research and development programs, this might consist of data for the year concerning the number of new projects initiated, the number continued from the prior year, the number completed and the number terminated."

"38The research and development outputs and outcomes should be the same as those measured for the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) and the budget and will be reported in a Statement of Program Performance Measures as described in Appendix 1-F to Entity and Display, SFFAC No."

"Because of the difficulty of measuring such results for research and development programs in financial, economic, or quantitative terms, outcome data for such programs are expected to consist typically of a narrative discussion of the major results achieved by the program during the year, along the following lines:"

#NAME?

"At the end of 5 years, however, the agency will be able to report the expenses to be categorized as research and development rather than the outlays for each of the preceding 5 years."

• A narrative description of major research and development programs shall be included.

"After deliberating the issue, the Board has concluded that additional investigation and further deliberation is required and has directed the FASAB staff to continue to research social insurance issues focusing especially on: identifying the characteristics of programs which should cause them to be subject to the guidance provided in a Statement on Social Insurance; the appropriate display of information in the financial statements; the identification of additional information, if any, which should be required for social insurance programs; the means for measurement of financial data included in such additional information; and, the desirability of nonfinancial indicators (ratios of data to GDP or ""covered payroll"") to describe the status of programs or the implications of potential changes to or needs of the programs.The Board has instructed the staff to be mindful of all current developments in structuring its research and its recommendations."

"The standards require that expense data be reported for investments in human capital, research and development, and nonfederal physical property."

"In addition to the normal problems associated with adapting to new standards, several of these standards provide for a transition period during which agencies may or, in some cases, may not report investments in human capital, research and development and nonfederal physical property; if investments are reported for each of five years as called for in this statement, they may be reported for earlier years during the transition period on the basis of either outlays or expense."

"Some respondents requested that the standards provide for reporting additional information, such as transfers of stewardship property to foreign governments, stewardship land sold to the private sector, the Federal Government's interest in such things as property held by nonfederal entities or patents generated through Federal research and development funds, and foreign contributions to Federal programs."

Community and Regional Development4.

"In addition to the transfers shown above in the ""Community and Regional Development"" category, the fair value of land and facilities associated with former military installations that were transferred to local governments approximated $40 million in 199Y and $52 million in 199Z."

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ANNUAL STEWARDSHIP INFORMATION For the Fiscal Year Ended September

"Federal investment in research and development comprises those expenses for basic research, applied research, and development that are intended to increase or maintain national economic productive capacity or yield other benefits."

"Federal investment in research and development comprises those expenses for basic research, applied research, and development that are intended to increase or maintain national economic productive capacity or yield other benefits."

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SAMPLE REPORT (continued)

"The number of patents emerging from the program is also increasing, primarily from the development component of the program."

XX-XXX) to accelerate the development of this industry in the United States.

The development component provides grants to private firms to develop improved manufacturing procedures for ceramic materials-based products and to accelerate the development of marketable products incorporating advanced ceramic materials.

The development component provides grants to private firms to develop improved manufacturing procedures for ceramic materials-based products and to accelerate the development of marketable products incorporating advanced ceramic materials.

"(see also ""Managerial Cost Accounting"") RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ..."

"DEVELOPMENT -Systematic use of the knowledge and understanding gained from research for the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including the design and development of prototypes and processes."

"DEVELOPMENT -Systematic use of the knowledge and understanding gained from research for the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including the design and development of prototypes and processes."

"For measuring outcomes for research and development programs, results may be reported by a narrative discussion of the major results achieved by the program during the year."

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -Federal investment in research and development refers to those expenses incurred in support of the search for new or refined knowledge and ideas and for the application or use of such knowledge and ideas for the development of new or improved products and processes with the expectation of maintaining or increasing national economic productive capacity or yielding other future benefits.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -Federal investment in research and development refers to those expenses incurred in support of the search for new or refined knowledge and ideas and for the application or use of such knowledge and ideas for the development of new or improved products and processes with the expectation of maintaining or increasing national economic productive capacity or yielding other future benefits.

"Research and development is composed of basic research, applied research, and development."

"Research and development is composed of basic research, applied research, and development."

"This would include nonfederal physical property, human capital, and research and development."

"He made major contributions to the development of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI), which includes 179 countries, and he also created an international fellows program at GAO to provide support, training, and guidance to a cadre of key individuals from accountability organizations worldwide."

"As part of its ongoing work in housing issues, GAO has provided assistance to improve the accuracy of the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) budget and resource estimates."

"GAO's work has led to improvements in many agencies, including the development of entitywide security management practices."

"In discussing GAO's contributions and accomplishments, it is important that we engage in a select amount of research and development work to ensure that GAO can meet the institutional needs of the Congress over the long term."

"GAO's work on Y2K began through its research and development program, but the vital importance of this issue has manifested itself in many congressional requests for work that the agency received in fiscal years 1998 and 1999."

"In fact, the timeline of major events in GAO's existence (see figure 4) reveals the increasing development, complexity and influence of difficult public policy issues related to government activity and our accountability mission:"

"Nevertheless, GAO is the only agency that can consistently provide the Congress and the executive branch with analysis, options, and recommendations that are long range, broad, in coverage, and integrated in the development and presentation of critical information."

"Since I became Comptroller General, one of the most important activities in which GAO has been engaged is the development of its first strategic plan for the 21st century."

"GAO worked closely with legislative and committee leadership, individual members, and staff in the development of this strategic plan."

providing analysis and other support concerning the effectiveness of investments in communities and economic development;

And we will create employee pools of generalists to increase our flexibility and enhance development.

"GAO has requested funding to improve compensation comparability with the executive branch, strengthen performance reward and recognition programs, reengineer our performance appraisal system, and increase our staff productivity through training and development as well as new information technology resources."

"Without GAO's ability to pursue research and development issues, many other consequential issues could go unrecognized and ultimately create fundamental and serious problems for the Congress and the American people."

"Thus, I would urge the Congress to not lose sight of the important balance between mandates, requests, and research and development in the mix of GAO's work supporting the Congress."

"Department of Housing and Urban Development's budget, including unexpended"

framework also is used throughout GAO to help guide our research and development

"During fiscal year 2001, we will continue to focus our work on the major issues facing the Congress, including Social Security solvency, education, economic development, Medicare reform, national security, international affairs, and government management reforms and computer security."

"We plan to use these resources to enhance our review efforts in areas of congressional and public interest and concern, such as government computer security, Social Security solvency, education, economic development, Medicare reform, and international affairs."

"Contracting for the development of a requirements document to be used along with other legislative branch agencies to jointly procure and share a common financial management system--$250,000."

"For example, were it not for the advance research and development work we had done on computer security, China, the World Trade Organization, and last year's presidential election issues, we would have been unable to be responsive to the congressional requests and public debates on these real time, event driven issues."

"We need to look at the implications that these differing roles have for a range of issues, such as SES core competencies, performance standards, recruitment sources, mobility, and training and development programs."

Implemented an Executive Candidate Development Program to prepare candidates for assignments in the SES.

Initiated a Professional Development Program for newly hired GAO analysts to help them transition and progress.

"In addition, GAO has said the national strategy development and implementation should include 1) a regular update of a national-level threat and risk assessment effort, 2) formulate realistic budget and resource plans to eliminate gaps, avoid duplicate effort, avoid ""hitchhiker"" spending, and protect against federal funds being used to substitute for funding that would have occurred anyway, 3) coordinate the strategy for combating terrorism with efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to computer-based attacks, 4) coordinate agency implementation by reviewing agency and interagency programs to accomplish the national strategy, and 5) carefully choose the most appropriate policy tools of government to best implement the national strategy and achieve national goals."

"Building Partnerships: One of the key challenges of this new department will be the development and maintenance of homeland security partners at all levels of the government and the private sector, both in the United States and overseas."

"For example, we have indicated in recent testimony that DHS could serve to improve biomedical research and development coordination because of the current fragmented state of disparate activities."

"11 Similarly, we have testified that the President's proposal, in tasking the new department with developing national policy for and coordinating the federal government's research and development efforts for responding to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons threats, also transfers some of the civilian research programs of the Department of Energy."

Development of a National Strategy to Enhance State and Local

"Under the city Housing Preservation and Development Department's tenant ownership program, Mazzariello and partner Joe Guzzo learned they could rent to own."

That could amount to several times as much as the $250 a month Mazzariello currently pays the Housing Preservation and Development Department.

"The inaccessibility of the U.S. civil justice system is hardly a new development, but it Congress in"

Its many supporters argue that the office's expansion of community development work - including helping non-profits incorporate or defend themselves in lawsuits - sets it apart from other agencies.

"In response to its lawsuit in 1999, a judge ordered the Paterson Housing Authority to correct a defective relocation plan for residents at the Christopher Columbus Housing Development and remove all squatters and drug dealers."

"Madden said his focus will be individual cases, and that ""any resources we can spare to do community economic development, we will."""

"Department of Housing and Urban Development, Administrative Office of U.S."

"The Butler County attorneys have really stepped up to the plate to help us represent the poor population in this county, said LSSM Director of Development Sharon Alexander. """

"Competitive bidding also became easier with a reputation to back up his grant proposals, and Dudovitz soon was raising enough to develop slick promotional materials and to share funds with other public interest programs to cement collaborative efforts on health care, policy advocacy, homelessness, domestic-violence assistance, self-help and technology development."

"Under the Department of Housing and Urban Development' enforcement program, tenants may not avoid eviction simply by claiming ignorance of the crime or an inability to stop it."

"I think if it's done with caution, it's a tool that we desperately needed in our developments, Sanchez said."

"Once the development is taken over, it's very difficult to take them back."""

"In the succeeding months, these attorneys worked with representatives of the Greater Wenatchee Housing Authority, the state Office of Community Development, Chelan County, the City of East Wenatchee, state legislators, Jennings and others to secure funding and find a solution."

"Mr. Jennings had financial considerations, the City had growth and economic development considerations, and the State and Housing Authority had their own concerns."

"At stake is prime real estate in the coastal cities, including a Charleston building in the heart of upscale commercial development on upper King Street."

"It recommends adding to the access fund, increasing both the number of pro bono hours and financial contributions from attorneys, improved assistance for unrepresented litigants and access to an attorney for those who require one, and development of a statewide plan to distribute legal services more evenly throughout the state to insure that the rural population also is served."

"Since 1990, she has worked in the Administrative Law Unit and Resource Development, and directed the Elder Law Project, serving the northern half of the state."

The qualifications for the award were based upon demonstrated dedication to the innovative development and delivery of legal services to the poor in one of the 14 pro bono districts of Indiana.

There are pro bono programs that now partner with volunteer corporate lawyers to assist not-for-profits and micro-enterprises as well as on economic development projects.

"Knight, 31, is a Mexican-American who grew up in a low-income housing development."

"It's a great idea, but the pressure of academic debt really leads people to big firms in big cities, said Theresa J. Bryant, executive director of the career development office at Yale Law School, which is not part of the consortium. """

"Lou Barnes first met Lindsay when he served on the board of Parent and Child Development Services, where she was the human resources manager."

"Department of Housing and Urban Development, Legal Aid is helping thousands of low-income Marylanders living in properties where federal subsidies are about to run out."

"Nor will community development help be sacrificed. """

"Madden, Bergen County director Anna Navatta and others met with Passaic Legal Aid representatives in August and discussed the possibility of directing some of the LSC money to Passaic as a subgrantee for its community development work."

Department of Housing and Urban Development and efforts to resolve the complaints fell through.

"Davis Co., Porta-McCurdy Development Co., Summit Contractors Inc., Olathe Leased Housing Associates I, Olathe Leased Housing Associates II, NHG Olathe Partners, Nationwide Housing Group, Dominium Kansas One and Dominium Olathe Partners."

"The building is financed by $18 million in tax-exempt bonds through the Industrial Development Agency, payable over 30 years."

"Elaine M. Kurtz, Legal Aid's director of development, said the agency would emphasize services for the elderly, housing preservation, employment advocacy, domestic violence and support for owners of small businesses."

"Since 1994, Case has been involved with the formation and development of Lancaster Interagency Council for the Homeless."

"While gaining access to justice is their first priority, most legal-aid organizations put marketing and development on the back burner."

Julia C. Langfelder began her job as the development coordinator for the Center for Conflict Resolution about a year ago.

"In the suit, NLS attorney Eileen D. Yacknin and Evalynn B. Welling, Community Justice Project attorney, contend that the city is trying to avoid its responsibilities to the tenants under state eminent domain code and the federal Housing and Community Development Act by having Raimondi carry out the evictions."

"At the same time, the federal government's role in representing the nation in its regulation, policy development and oversight responsibilities demands the most skilled lawyers, the report added. """

"The project is funded by a two-year, $80,000 fellowship from the nonprofit Academy for Educational Development, along with grants of $37,500 each from the Spirit Mountain Community Fund and the Campaign for Equal Justice, and a grant of $12,500 from the PacifiCorp Foundation for Learning."

"The most tangible evidence of this effort was the development of bar-sponsored pro bono programs in every state, in every sizable metropolitan area, and in many rural areas as well."

The PPP has been produced by the Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) and shows the number of Italian liras required in 1999 to buy goods and services equivalent to what can be purchased with one U.S. dollar.

"World Development Indicators 2001, Table 2.8 The World Bank, Washington, DC."

"R2000-1 USPS LR-I-1, Summary Description of USPS Development of Costs by Segments and Components, FY 1998."

The difference in labor costs for rural and city carriers has its roots in the development of the two crafts.

"Therefore, it simultaneously established a separate, independent Postal Rate Commission to provide an open process in which the public could participate in the development of postage rates."

"§ 504(a) authorized the Postmaster General to maintain a research and development program, and to conduct experiments to enhance the operational efficiency and economy of the postal system."

"Mr. Annan stressed the importance of reducing the inequalities in science between developed and developing countries, asserting that “This unbalanced distribution of scientific activity generates serious problems not only for the scientific community in the developing countries, but for development itself.”"

"For example, recent United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) estimates (UNESCO 2001) indicate that, in 1997, the developed countries accounted for some 84% of the global investment in scientific research and development, had approximately 72% of the world researchers, and produced approximately 88% of all scientific and technical publications registered by the Science Citation Index (SCI)."

More relevant measurements for these factors include the proportional change in the number of publications and the total number of publications when corrected for investment in research and development (May 1997).

"Further analyses, correcting the number of overall publications for the amount of money invested in research and development for each region, also show that, in contrast to both Canada and United States, the trend in Latin America has been an increase in relative output throughout the 1990s (Figure 2)."

"Although the cost of research is undoubtedly cheaper in the developing world due to relatively low researcher salaries, overhead and other work standards, these factors do not explain the substantial increase in the number of publications per amount of money allocated to research and development in Latin America, particularly from 1995 until 2000 (Figure 2)."

"In fact, Albornoz (2001) concluded that, as a group, Latin America could afford to invest a much higher proportion of its resources in scientific research and development."

"Latin American investment in research and development represented only 0.59% of the regional GDP in 1998, a very weak effort compared with that of the United States (2."

"For example, Uruguay, Chile, Panama, and Cuba averaged, respectively, 6.8, 5.3, 5.2, and 3.4 publications per million dollars of research and development investment in the 10 years studied, which is notoriously high compared with United States (1."

"Other countries, such as Costa Rica, Cuba, Brazil, and Chile, have invested a much greater proportion of their GDP in research and development than the other countries of this region (Albornoz 2001)."

Why has the number of publications per dollar invested in research and development been increasing in Latin America while decreasing in United States and Canada?

One potential explanation for the increase in scientific productivity in Latin America is that scientific development during the 1990s was particularly strong for many countries of this region.

"A potentially more important question, however, is why the number of publications per dollar invested in research and development has been increasing in Latin America while decreasing in the United States and Canada."

"The relative increase in the number of publications, especially when corrected for the amount of money available in research and development, demonstrates that many developing countries are heading in the right direction."

"Sinclair expects to see such developments within his lifetime, but he ridicules the notion that humans will experience anything like the 70% extension to lifespan of his cultured yeast."

"Mathematical models, he says, could solve it by linking demographic properties and physiological developments."

"In a further development, two independent groups determined the molecular structure of an MPN + /JAMM protein from an archaebacterium (Ambroggio et al."

"Individuals within a wild population show remarkably little morphological variation, given the amount of environmental variation they encounter during development and the amount of genetic variation within the population."

"In the lab, RNAi is routinely used to reveal the genetic secrets of development, intracellular signaling, cancer, infection, and a full range of other phenomena."

"“There was a lot of clinical naïveté” in the early days of antisense and ribozymes, according to Nassim Usman, Vice President for Research and Development at Sirna Therapeutics in Boulder, Colorado."

"“The fundamental difference favoring RNAi is that we're harnessing an endogenous, natural pathway,” says Nagesh Mahanthappa, Director of Corporate Development at Alnylam Pharmaceuticals in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the second of two major biotech company developing RNAi-based therapy."

"Despite the questions and unsolved problems, Sirna, Alnylam, and several other companies are moving ahead to develop RNAi therapy; indeed, some outstanding questions are probably only likely to be answered in the process of therapeutic development."

"Following the development of penicillin for the treatment of septicemia in the early 1940s, numerous antibiotics were discovered and introduced into medicine."

"In marine invertebrates, chimeric individuals often arise from the fusion of individuals later in development (Buss 1987)."

"During embryonic development, bacteria move from the mother's bacteriome into the cells of the embryo's bacteriome."

"Stuttering subjects as a group differ from fluent control groups by showing, on average, slightly lower intelligence scores on both verbal and nonverbal tasks and by delays in speech development (Andrews et al."

"It is possible that all children who show signs of stuttering develop a structural abnormality during development, but this is transient in those who become fluent speakers."

The AIDS crisis has brought to public notice what has always been generally true—that the existing business model for drug development leads to high prices and unequal access.

Today's high drug prices are a direct consequence of a business model that uses a single payment to cover both the cost of manufacture of a drug and the cost of the research and development (R&D) carried out by manufacturers to discover it.

Propping up the present structure for financing R&D (Figure 2A) is the widely held belief that the private sector plays a key role in the development of new medicines and that it is necessary to grant patents to incentivise private-sector financing.

"The existing system (Figure 2A), despite its failings, does lead to the development of new drugs."

The challenge in creating a virtual R&D market is to find viable business models for successful drug development in the absence of marketing monopoly incentives.

One obvious approach is direct funding of drug development.

"For example, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the national agency in the United States, already spends $27 billion per year on research, a substantial amount of which is directed towards drug development, including clinical trials."

"Governments could expand direct funding for drug development, either through the existing structures in academia or through funding R&D arms of existing companies to carry out specific drug R&D."

"Such directed drug development funding could be similar to existing nonprofit development projects, such as those currently resourced to address treatments for neglected diseases like malaria and tuberculosis (TB)."

"Such directed drug development funding could be similar to existing nonprofit development projects, such as those currently resourced to address treatments for neglected diseases like malaria and tuberculosis (TB)."

"Examples of such projects are the Medicines for Malaria Venture (www.mmv.org), the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (www.tballiance.org), the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (www.iavi.org), the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (Butler 2003b) (www.dndi.org), and the Institute for One World Health (www.oneworldhealth.org)."

Many will also worry that a centralised national drug development agency taking decisions on R&D priorities and allocation of funds (via prizes or grants as discussed above) could easily become bureaucratic and inefficient.

Intermediators would compete to attract funds to invest in R&D on the basis of their prowess for drug development and upon their priorities.

"The basic research was done under a grant from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the United States Department of Defense's (DOD) central research and development organization, and once the researchers realized they wanted to develop drugs against three agents that have been considered bioterrorism threats — "

"The bottleneck, researchers agree, lies in the development process of turning them into effective therapies."

“It's easier to find inhibitors of particular enzymes for particular processes—and a very long road to convert that into something for development.”

8 yards) thick that had become susceptible to burning in swampy forests drained and cleared for development.

"We will concentrate on human studies that enhance our understanding of disease epidemiology, etiology, and physiology; the development of prognostic and diagnostic technologies; and trials that test the efficacy of specific interventions and those that compare different treatments."

"Developments in endosymbiosis are important not only to questions in basic research, but may have important practical applications."

"Blood-feeding insects such as mosquitoes and tsetse flies are vectors for parasites that cause significant global infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue virus, and trypanosomiasis, many of which have frustrated attempts at vaccine development."

"Moreover, the field has expanded rapidly, especially since the development of molecular techniques in the past two to three decades."

"For example, the absence of eyes in cavefish, rather than being the result of a degenerative process, might be the result of selection on genes that govern feeding morphology, a selection process that has included suppression of eye development (Pennisi 2002)."

"There is no reason for animals with a development as slow as a baboon (with adulthood achieved in five or six years) not to be influenced in every way by the environment in which they grow up, including the social environment."

"In the wake of declarations supporting open access to research literature from international bodies including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations' World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), advocates and critics of the movement appear to have agreed that the issue warrants a robust, ongoing dialogue—a development undoubtedly in the interest of the scientific community, regardless of its ultimate outcome."

"In the wake of declarations supporting open access to research literature from international bodies including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations' World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), advocates and critics of the movement appear to have agreed that the issue warrants a robust, ongoing dialogue—a development undoubtedly in the interest of the scientific community, regardless of its ultimate outcome."

This council will keep us apprised of new developments and give our nation a forum to continue to discuss and evaluate these important issues.”

"On the other hand, we were grateful that the President, despite his views in opposition to these therapies, was willing to invite serious biomedical scientists to help formulate advice to him—and ultimately to contribute to the development of national policy—on these critically important advances."

"to illustrate the process, it is because it accompanies an article in this issue of PLoS Biology dealing with neural development in this species (Kuroda et al."

development initially discovered its role in mesoderm induction and the formation of posterior tissues (Kimelman et al.

"2000), and their eloquent exposition (Streit and Stern 1999; Wilson and Edlund 2001; Stern 2002) to turn the tide, but there is now no doubt that the FGF signaling pathway plays a major role in the specification and early development of the neural ectoderm in chordates."

"The time delay in Churchill induction appears to be the key in explaining how one signal, FGF, can be involved in mesodermal and neural development at the same time in cells that are in close proximity."

"Present in plants, animals, and many fungi, RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways have essential roles in development, chromosome structure, and virus resistance."

miRNAs are now recognized as key regulators of plant and animal development.

have shown that DCL1 is needed for processing miRNA precursors important for plant development (Park et al.

Such changes in social behaviour are often based on facial expression and come so naturally to humans (and are in place so early in child development) that some might argue that this functionality is essentially innate.

One reason for my increased use of research papers is the development of PDFs.

", introductory biology, biochemistry, cell development, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology [see http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Molbio/standardsHP.html#anchor78181983], and neuroscience) require students to mine public domain databases (Dyer and LeBlanc 2002; Honts 2003)."

"Furthermore, I accomplish two tasks simultaneously: I keep abreast of new developments in my field and I write exam questions."

These developments occurred among the early hunter-gatherer human cultures and continued through the last ice age.

"This modest increase in the input from the peripheral auditory receptors provides little basis for the development of human speech and language, which had much more to do with the increase in the central brain mechanisms that elaborate the input."

"This book, the latest in the excellent Monographs in Population Biology series from Princeton University Press, is a work of advocacy in which the authors argue that evolutionary theory is incomplete and that, in consequence, we are failing fully to understand phenomena as disparate as ecosystem development and the interplay of genes and culture in shaping human evolution."

"Yet recently, the European Union awarded 12 million Euros to the ZF-MODELS research consortium to study zebrafish models for human development and disease."

It was the late 1960s when phage geneticist George Streisinger began to look for a model system in which to study the genetic basis of vertebrate neural development.

neural development but soon became attracted to zebrafish as a model organism.

"By the early 1980s, she explains, Streisinger had worked out many of the genetic tricks needed to tackle zebrafish development."

"‘You can see different cell types, watch individual cells develop, do transplantation experiments’, Eisen enthuses, ‘and development is quick but not too quick’."

The properties of zebrafish that attracted Eisen soon attracted people interested in other aspects of vertebrate development to the stripy tiddler (Figure 1).

"The aim of both screens was to identify genes with unique and essential functions in zebrafish development, and in 1996 an issue of the journal Development was dedicated to the mutants that had been isolated and characterised."

"The aim of both screens was to identify genes with unique and essential functions in zebrafish development, and in 1996 an issue of the journal Development was dedicated to the mutants that had been isolated and characterised."

"‘From Wolfgang's lab, I was able to take the mutations that affected notochord development, and have been studying them ever since’."

"The notochord is an embryonic structure that forms the primitive axial skeleton of the developing embryo, and because mutations affecting notochord development result in shortened embryos, seven of the affected genes have been named after the dwarves in Snow White—zebrafish, like some other developmental models, have many imaginatively named mutants."

"The ZF-MODELS consortium, which is funded under the European Union's Sixth Framework Programme, aims to establish zebrafish models for human diseases, discover genes that will lead to the identification of new drug targets, and gain fundamental insights into human development."

"For example, Geisler's lab will use DNA chip technology to investigate gene expression patterns in zebrafish mutants and so provide increased knowledge of the regulatory pathways that act in zebrafish development."

Among the genes that are important in notochord development are those that encode laminins.

"This, in combination with other work on zebrafish carrying mutations affecting neural development, will give the team ‘a better picture of how a vertebrate brain is built’."

But how much can zebrafish tell us about human development and disease?

"‘Of course, there are developmental differences between people and fish, and no one pretends that we can answer every question about human development in zebrafish’."

"Hopkins provides the following illustration: ‘We have been doing “shelf screens”, in which we go back to our collection of mutants to find all those that affect the development of a single organ."

"Developmental geneticist Didier Stainier (University of California, San Francisco, California, United States) is also using zebrafish to study organ development, in particular, heart development."

"Developmental geneticist Didier Stainier (University of California, San Francisco, California, United States) is also using zebrafish to study organ development, in particular, heart development."

"‘Obviously, there are additional processes involved in humans, but the basic outline of heart development in fish and people is largely similar’."

"The ability to follow individual cells as organs develop is key to this, says Stainier, who reported in March that fibronectin is required for heart development because, by regulating the polarisation of epithelial cells, fibronectin ensures the correct migration of myocardial cells."

"The interest in disease models has grown hand-in-hand with the development of morpholinos to knock out specific genes, and the advent of TILLING, says Zon, ‘has set off a whole new fury."

Work like Stainier's on organ development may have applications in tissue engineering.

"And while many zebrafish researchers will continue to study development, others are now moving into the realms of physiology and behavioural studies."

"The ZFIN Web site, at http://z.n.org/ZFIN, provides an extensive database for the zebrafish community including genetic, genomic, and developmental information; search engines for zebrafish researchers and laboratories; listings of meetings; and links to many other zebrafish sites, including sites with movies of zebrafish development."

The special issue of Development (Dec 1; 1996; 123: 1–461) on the first two mutagenesis screens contains 37 research articles and can be freely accessed at http://dev.biologists.org/content/vol123/issue1/index.shtml

"It's not just a matter of developing the imaging technology, he stresses—“we'll need fundamental developments in semantics, too.”"

Those societies that embrace the developments taking place in scholarly publishing may well see their membership and publications thrive more than societies that cling to the potentially unstable status quo.

"‘In doing so, the ERC should create and support nodes of excellence in European universities and research institutions, strengthening the knowledge-base that underpins economic, industrial, cultural and societal development, and thereby stimulating European competitiveness and innovative capacity at all levels."

Another example comes from the study of morphogen gradient formation in animal development.

His insights guided my development of random dot kinematograms (i.e.

"During development, cells need to communicate with each other to establish properly organised and functional tissues."

"Similarly, it has been proposed in the development of the "

The first paper (Halpin and Harbury 2004a) reports the development of resin-linked oligonucleotides that efficiently and sequence-specifically capture DNA containing complementary subsequences.

"In lines bombarded late in plant development, triggering of silencing was rarely observed."

"However, when the transgene was introduced earlier in development, a large portion of the lines showed a substantial decrease and eventually full suppression of the chitinase mRNA levels."

"The individual parts of a whole plant are, in terms of import and export, in an equilibrium that changes with development."

tadpoles are unable to regenerate their tails during a refractory period of development between stages 45 and 47 (Beck et al.

"The programme goes into some detail about what is now known about the molecular basis of normal and abnormal development, and how we can begin to explain such extraordinary forms as that of the Parodi twins, who had distinct heads and shoulders, but merged into a single torso and a single pair of legs."

"On another research track, using functional imaging, Ralph-Axel Müller, a cognitive neuroscientist at San Diego State University (San Diego, California, United States) sees a scattering of brain activation in autistic brains that he views as an indication of a more general brain development problem underlying the disorder (Figure 1)."

"Animal models may, in turn, yield clues about normal and abnormal brain development in humans."

"Research focuses have shifted from “curing” autism to finding better diagnostics for early intervention, improving behavioral therapies, and gaining insight into the development and function of the autistic brain."

"At the 2004 annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (Washington DC, United States), the UW center director Geraldine Dawson explained that this tackling of specific deficits will help researchers attach them to particular “mind modules” in the brain and will ultimately lead to the genes that control the development or function of those modules."

"That modular view, however, is not shared by many of her colleagues elsewhere, who argue that autistic behaviors are the result of a system-wide perturbation of early brain development and connectivity."

"The team hypothesizes that these skills, which normal children pick up easily and early, lay important groundwork for language development."

"A detailed and comparative view of the genetic mechanisms underlying their host defense will contribute to the identification of new targets for insecticide development, and provide opportunities for controlling the transmission of pathogens."

"In the mid 1990s, the United States Agency for International Development was investing more than $2 billion a year in 105 conservation projects with an ecotourism component."

"Similarly, between 1988 and 2003, the World Bank funded 55 development projects that supported protected areas in Africa, 32 of which placed an emphasis on ecotourism."

"‘Much of the information about community-based ecotourism is anecdotal and subjective,’ says Agnes Kiss of the Environment and Social Development Unit at the World Bank."

"It could also bring far greater development benefits than indirect financial support, he says (Box 2)."

"An additional spin-off is that direct payments force conservation biologists to quantify and hence clarify their objectives, says John Hough, principal technical advisor on biodiversity for the United Nations Development Programme."

"Plant growth and development involves the integration of many environmental and endogenous signals that, together with the intrinsic genetic program, determine plant form."

"This group includes auxin, cytokinin, the gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, the brassinosteroids (BRs), and jasmonic acid (JA), each of which acts at low concentrations to regulate many aspects of plant growth and development."

Virtually every aspect of plant growth and development is under hormonal control to some degree.

"More recently, the isolation of hormone biosynthetic and response mutants has provided powerful new tools for painting a clearer picture of the roles of the various phytohormones in plant growth and development."

"Molecular and biochemical analysis of the gene products defined by these mutations, coupled with expression studies aimed at identifying the downstream target genes that mediate hormonal changes in growth and development, has begun to unlock some of the mysteries behind phytohormone action."

One of the main themes of the book is the evolutionary approach and the importance of biological structures and properties that were co-opted in the development of language (pre-adaptations).

"While the identity of the yield gene conferring the phenotype was not critical to the success of the cultivar development scheme described by Zamir and Gur (2004), there is great curiosity to understand the gene(s) or genes and genetic mechanisms that underlie traits of interest to agriculture."

"Because the approach is primarily useful for self-pollinating species (as opposed to cross-pollinators), variety development can go forward with the expectation that new varieties can be developed and distributed as inbred strains."

"Moreover, functional genomics support the concept that skeletal muscle remodeling to a ST phenotype, either through activated calcineurin or PPARδ, can protect against the development of dietary-induced insulin resistance (Ryder et al."

"After months of often dizzying rhetoric from virtually all camps, one concrete development has indisputably emerged from the fray: governments around the world have begun to take an interest in the question of who can and can't read the results of the scientific research they fund."

"Proponents envisage development of a comprehensive database of sequences, preferably associated with voucher specimens representing described species, against which sequences from sampled individuals can be compared."

"He created, against what must have been considerable obstacles, the first widely successful PDA, and continued the development of this platform."

"Crucially, over the course of the development of unsupervised learning methods, it has been realised that the best way to approach the extraction of input structure, and inference with it, is through the language and tools of probability theory and statistics."

"The same realisation has driven substantial developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer vision, and a host of other disciplines."

"It is postulated that tissue injury by these reactive oxygen species accumulates over a long period of time and plays roles in the aging process and the development of heart disease, diabetes, chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer, and several neurodegenerative diseases (Halliwell 1999)."

"The degree of the development of these isolating mechanisms is roughly proportional to the genetic distance between the populations, reflecting the fact that incompatibilities accumulate over time (Coyne and Orr 1989)."

"In recent years, exciting developments have started to take place in the analysis of the genetics of reinforcement (reviewed in Servedio and Noor 2003)."

These developments both parallel and overlap with progress made on the genetics of speciation and species differences in general.

"This leads to the novel conclusion that reinforcement is not just increasing the strength of an already existing mechanism of species discrimination, but is occurring through the development of a new discrimination system."

These kinds of developments can also motivate more realistic theoretical models of the reinforcement process.

Generalizations of single linear equations to families of simultaneous multi-variable linear equations stimulated the development of linear algebra and the European re-invention and naming of matrices in the mid-19th century.

Many of these developments blend smoothly into their antecedents and later elaborations.

"For example, game theory has a history before the work of John von Neumann (von Neumann 1959; von Neumann and Morgenstern 1953), and Karl Pearson's development of the correlation coefficient (Pearson and Lee 1903) rested on earlier work by Francis Galton (1889)."

"Beginning in the 1980s, general principles began to emerge about the evolution of development in animals."

and the subsequent discovery of their conservation and similar expression in different Metazoans led to the revolutionary realization that many of the mechanisms critical to basic animal development have been conserved across more than 500 million years of evolution.

"However, though critical for development and reproduction, the mechanisms that specify sex determination are among the least-conserved known."

"There are also systems in which heterozygosity at a single locus is required for female development (known as complementary sex determination; [3]), as well as systems involving sex determination via multiple genes with additive effects."

"Soon, related doublesex-mab-3 (DM)-family genes with roles in male sexual development were discovered in vertebrates and even cnidarians [7,8]."

", the first gene to respond to the X:A ratio is Sxl , whose transcription is regulated by both autosomal and X-linked factors very early in development [4,13]."

"Later in development, transcription from a second promoter occurs in both sexes, but these transcripts cannot be productively spliced without the earlier burst of Sxl expression."

"Though the divergence is extreme, it is likely that a better understanding of the evolution of sex determination genes and pathways holds lessons about the evolution of development in general."

"Presumably, the atlas will be a boon for drug discovery and development by providing information on drug targets present within brain cells."

"The mouse is a young adult at 56 days old, free from the confounding factors of development."

"Other avenues currently being pursued explore individual variability, development, and comparisons between species (See Box 1)."

"The American S&E labor pool is shrinking, and industry has already responded by transferring much of its research and development overseas; however, companies are mostly moving lab scientists, not strategic analysts."

"Herzer, for one, now a technology development representative at the Scripps Research Institute, has staked his future on the potential of professional master's degrees."

"You're the director of one of the world's largest medical research charities, and you receive notification from one of your funded investigators in Africa reporting some exciting progress toward the development of a vaccine for malaria."

"However, the Trust considers that the development of a PubMed Central portal in the UK offers the best next step in the transition towards a situation where all high-quality peer-reviewed research is available for free via the Internet, whilst leaving all publishers room for manoeuvre in this changing market."

"For two decades, the bulk of our knowledge of molecular pathways that guide cardiac growth, development, and disease has been gleaned from a combination of in vivo studies in genetically engineered mice and primary cultures of neonatal and adult rat cardiomyocytes."

"The development of well-characterized cardiac progenitor cells offers the promise of using real genetic-based approaches to rapidly define the complex pathways that guide cardiac contractility, excitability, and lineage diversification into atrial, ventricular, and conduction system myocyte cell lineages."

"The likelihood that he had heard of these scientific developments seems remote, particularly in view of the fact that Andy Warhol was following the same track of using cartoon material, reputedly in mutual ignorance of Lichtenstein's breakthrough."

"Similar phenomena have been predicted in other sensory modalities [19,41], but remain to be shown directly by exposing different individuals to different environments during development."

"MMP12 deficiency has been shown to protect mice against emphysema after chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, implying that MMP12 may be the key proteinase in the development of emphysema in this species [49,50]."

"Aside from efforts to prevent smoking or encourage cessation, there exist no measures that prevent development of emphysema or treat the specific causes of airway obstruction."

"According to a recent Institute of Medicine report, and a study sponsored by the US Agency for International Development, the number of health care workers in many African countries is actually shrinking as they are lured to developed countries by better pay and professional opportunities (Box 1) [2,3]."

"Both during surgical training and in the early years of faculty development, surgeons must obtain a thorough grounding in the principles of basic research and proper clinical investigation."

"To help correct for this worrisome trend, the NIH created the “K” award system—career development grants designed to help starting researchers gain the experience needed to compete for RO1 grants."

"Locally, and individually, surgeons must join efforts to improve the clinical research enterprise by including training in clinical investigation at an early stage in medical school and during surgical residency training, fostering the careers of young surgeon-investigators through committed, protected time, participating in local and national clinical research groups, and recognizing that development as a clinical researcher takes time—many years in fact."

"In the brain, glucocerebroside arises from the turnover of complex lipids during brain development and the formation of the myelin sheath of nerves."

"The development of enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher disease, that is, exogenous administration of the missing enzyme, is a triumph of translational medicine."

"This led to the development of a modified enzyme, processed to expose mannose, and to its production on an industrial scale from placentas."

The quality of life for patients with Gaucher disease has been greatly improved by the development of enzyme replacement therapy.

This profitability has served as a stimulus for the development of enzyme replacement treatments for diseases less common and generally less responsive to treatment than Gaucher disease.

"Short synthetic peptides are ideal for drug development because of the relatively low cost of production, easy storage, and high safety."

"The development of such responses, however, requires a large tumor load, occurs late in the disease, and probably does not cause the efficient destruction of the tumor cells [4]."

"The successful use of HAART is limited by drug-related toxicities, high costs, and drug resistance [3], factors which have led to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies, including the use of supervised, or structured, treatment interruption (STI)."

"This study raises important questions in our understanding of HIV pathogenesis, treatment, and vaccine development."

"Finally, is this good or bad news for HIV vaccine development?"

This format will allow the development of better tools to help clinicians apply trial results to their practice.

Publicly accessible trial databases (such as the Trial Bank Project at http://rctbank.ucsf.edu) are under development.

"The idea of enlisting the immune system to fight cancer has been around for a long time, and has led to the development of various cancer vaccines designed to alert the immune system to the presence of a tumor and to induce a response that, selectively and potently, will eliminate tumor cells."

"While patent incentives and commercial pharmaceutical houses have made Western health care the envy of the world, the commercial model only works if companies can sell enough patented products to cover their research and development (R&D) costs."

"The second involves charities creating nonprofit venture-capital firms (“Virtual Pharmas”), which look for promising drug candidates and then push drug development through contracts with corporate partners."

"In this article, we discuss the limitations of these two approaches and suggest a third, “open source,” approach to drug development, called the Tropical Diseases Initiative (TDI)."

"Virtual Pharmas have clearly started to bear fruit, and are responsible for most candidate treatments for tropical diseases currently under development."

"For example, the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative has a portfolio of nine projects spread out across the drug development pipeline for the treatment of leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and malaria [6]."

"Second, Virtual Pharma's development pipelines will run dry without more upstream research."

We expect sponsors to exploit this advantage by signing development contracts with whichever company offers the lowest bid.

"A successful program must (1) make a significant contribution toward supplying the genomic insights that tropical disease research needs to move forward, and (2) make useful drug candidates available for development and production under open-source licenses."

"Is it possible, then, that sleep-related changes in leptin and ghrelin influence the development of metabolic and immune disorders?"

"These changes can be hypothesized to play a contributory, rather than compensatory, role in the development of overweight and obesity with sleep restriction."

"(3) Patients were also withdrawn as therapy failures if (a) the CD4 cell number declined by more than 45% of the baseline CD4 count, (b) participants developed an opportunistic infection, even if retaining required CD4 count levels, or (c) a viral load of greater than 500,000 copies/ml occurred once, with or without development of acute retroviral syndrome as defined by fever, skin lesions, and pharyngitis."

"It is of interest to note that despite the large amount of research activity on TIs in patients with suppressed chronic infection and the hundreds of monitored interruptions studied to date, only limited cases of development of clinical resistance (as evidenced by a lack of viral resuppression following therapy reinitiation) have emerged, in contrast to the multiple reports of detection of viral sequences off ART associated with resistance as shown in this study and others [11,19,29,30,39,40]."

"The development [15,16] and clinical introduction of lymphotropic magnetic nanoparticles has been shown to significantly improve diagnostic accuracies of MRI for nodal staging (LMRI) in prostate cancer [17]."

Our findings have a number of direct implications for technology development and in clinical care.

"The aim of this new funding body, which has a budget of €400 million spread over five years, is a noble one: to fund research in developing countries, particularly in Africa, that contributes to the development of affordable prophylactics and drugs for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria."

"Therefore, there is a clear need for ""capacity building""—development of a research infrastructure, in terms of both equipment and personnel, that is capable of coping with the challenges of clinical trials."

"Acquired resistance to coccidioidomycosis strongly correlates with the development of a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test response to coccidioidal antigens [23] and the production of T-helper-1 (Th1)-associated cytokines to coccidioidal antigens, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) [24]."

"As previously mentioned, recovery from disease confers lifelong immunity to reinfection, and is a rationale for the development and implementation of a vaccine for the prevention of symptomatic or serious forms of the disease."

"A candidate vaccine comprised of a fusion protein based on two antigens has been selected and is currently in pharmaceutical development under the sponsorship of this project, with the goal of evaluating the safety and immunogenicity in humans."

"So far, we have little evidence that mental practice will help prevent the development of dementia."

"We have better evidence that good brain health is multiply determined, that brain development early in life matters, and that genetic influences are of great importance in accounting for individual differences in cognitive reserve and in explaining who develops Alzheimer disease and who does not."

The passage of the Bayh–Dole Act in 1980 enabled universities to license inventions for commercial development [3].

"Therefore, universities have an incentive to advance the clinical development of inventions by their faculty."

"The incremental gain in safety is likely to be small (particularly if oversight is well established), while the decrease in speed of development will be significant."

"The protective effects of antibody to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides have been appreciated since the development of serum therapy, in which passively transferred, serotype-specific antipneumococcal serum reduced mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia by half [1]."

"The development of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines for adults [2] and the efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide–protein conjugate vaccines in infants and children [3,4] have confirmed that active immunity to the polysaccharide can provide excellent protection against invasive disease from pneumococci of the same serotype, and in some cases protection against cross-reacting serotypes within the same serogroup."

"While the ability of passive or vaccine-induced anticapsular antibodies to protect against pneumococcal disease is clear, less is known about the natural development of immunity to pneumococcal disease in unimmunized persons."

"As we discuss below, each of these lines of evidence is subject to caveats, but we believe that, taken together, these observations make a strong case for the importance of one or more factors other than acquisition of anticapsular antibodies in the development of protection against pneumococcal disease."

"A better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie natural immunity to pneumococcus could pave the way for the development of more effective, species-specific pneumococcal vaccines."

"Recent developments in HIV treatment, with simple combination therapies priced at less than US$150 per year—unthinkable just a short time ago—were a major driver of discussions during the conference."

"Subsequent development of vaccines based on the bacterium's polysaccharide capsule, which could protect against infection, confirmed that an endogenous antibody response can provide protection against invasive disease."

One challenge for vaccine development has been the existence of many different serotypes (the same species of bacteria but with different composition of the polysaccharide capsule).

"The study doesn't demonstrate what the additional components are, but additional research might not just teach us about our immune system but also provide clues for further vaccine development."

"As the authors say, “A better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie natural immunity to pneumococcus could pave the way for the development of more effective, species-specific pneumococcal vaccines.”"

"We must focus on the development of training, monitoring, and quality assurance systems that ensure that prevention and care are integrated whenever possible."

It may be timely to address the prevention of diabetes in patients with metabolic syndrome since these patients are at high risk for development of type 2 diabetes.

"Failing to comply with lifestyle modification, his weight has increased 7 lb in two years and likely contributes to his development of diabetes."

Tight glycemic control can slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy (Figures 1–3) [9] and help prevent development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

There is an association between metabolic syndrome and the development of CVD and type 2 diabetes [13].

The effect of this hyperinsulinemic state in metabolic syndrome is also believed to be involved in excess pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic markers associated with the development of diabetes and CVD [15].

"Free community science was inspired by the free software movement, which itself was inspired by the application of the ideal of scientific cooperation, as it was applied to software development by the operating system developers of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Artificial Intelligence Lab in the 1970s."

Critical neurodevelopmental processes occur in the human central nervous system during fetal development and in the first three years of life.

"Environmental toxins covertly enter a child's body transplacentally during fetal development or by direct ingestion of house dust, soil, and breastmilk and other dietary sources during early childhood [51,52,53,54,55,56]."

The structure and development of the cerebral cortex of animals commonly used in these studies differs markedly from that of humans.

Results of the pilot experiences were reported at a final conference in December 2004 and will form the basis of European recommendations on migrant-friendliness as a quality criterion for hospital development and on the role of hospitals in promoting health and health literacy for migrants and ethnic minorities.

"Indeed, in the absence of comprehensive economic development, the impact of sanitation, footwear, and health education has been minimal [19]."

"Deworming satisfies a number of United Nations Millennium Development Goals including those related to poverty reduction, child health, and education."

"The HHVI is a non-profit partnership comprising research, process development, vaccine manufacturing and control, and pre-clinical and clinical testing units at the George Washington University, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and sponsored by the Sabin Vaccine Institute (www.sabin.org)."

"Process development, cGMP manufacture and control, and pre-clinical testing of Na -ASP-2 from "

"Given that hookworm afflicts only the world's most impoverished, a major hurdle for the development of the Na -ASP-2 Hookworm Vaccine is its small commercial market."

This approach might help to inform the development of business models for the production and distribution of orphan biologics for other neglected diseases.

"In addition, an understanding of the molecular signaling events that drive the beneficial effects of exercise on human physiology could foster the development of novel drugs, devices, or biological agents designed to substitute for exercise."

"Patterning of skeletal muscle fiber composition is initially determined during embryonic development, but can be partially or completely overturned by stimuli applied to fully mature adult myofibers: by hormonal influences (e.g."

The starting point for the development of a human-rights based policy on mental health is that mentally ill individuals are full human beings who are entitled to rights.

"MDRI has documented how European governments, development banks and international humanitarian relief organizations fund projects to build new psychiatric institutions and orphanages throughout the Americas and Eastern Europe, rather than focusing on community care [9]."

"Nonetheless, studies presented here provide a basis for the rational development of “second generation” kinase inhibitors for use in NSCLC."

"0020075), the initial identification three years ago of resistance mutations against imatinib led to the rapid development of alternative kinase inhibitors that work even against tumors with the resistance mutation."

"Although there are many potential mechanisms for development of clinical resistance, most cases of imatinib-resistant CML are due to point mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain itself, including T315I [10,11]."

Pao and colleagues' superb study also highlights several important points that may guide development of kinase-targeted therapies in the future.

This proactive approach should shorten the time frame for new drug development.

"avß3 integrin has a role in cell migration and extravasation, which occurs during metastasis, and also in angiogenesis—the development of new blood vessels that are essential for the growth of tumors."

"In the research paper in PLoS Medicine , Haubner and colleagues take the development of the compound further towards clinical application."

"The prevalence of asthma and allergy has risen in all industrialized countries during recent decades, and there is much debate about exposure to pets in early life and later development of asthma and allergy."

Where does this finding leave patients who might wonder about exposure to cats and the development of allergy?

"Nowhere is this more true than in medicine, where the suffering of our patients underpins our scientific inquiry, our clinical development, and our personal growth as healers."

A human rights approach to health information systems also supports effective health development.

The development group of HMN recently considered strategies for strengthening health information systems within countries.

"Therefore, the public release of equity-oriented information on health should be explicitly planned for in the development of health information systems."

The HMN Equity Working Group suggests development of international standards for collection and sharing of disaggregated data and its use.

"The initial development stage of the HMN has now ended, and hopefully the refinement and implementation stages of the effort will begin within the next year."

The availability of human neural progenitor cells allowed us to investigate whether inductive signals involved in normal pathways of islet development could direct these neural progenitors to develop into glucose-responsive IPCs.

"We used human insulin cDNA (320 bp) cloned in plasmid pCR4-TOPO (Invitrogen) as a template for in vitro transcription to produce riboprobes with a digoxigenin-RNA labeling kit (Ambion, Austin, Texas, United States), performed hybridization with IPC cluster sections as described [16], and used DIG Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (Roche, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States) for development according to the manufacturer's instructions."

Glucose Restriction Initiates IPC Development

"Thus, we postulated that glucose reduction might blunt neurogenic programs by NSs and promote alternate fates, including development of IPCs."

"Therefore, we switched NS culture conditions from high glucose (37 mM, “stage 1”) to low glucose (5 mM, “stage 2”; see Figure 1A) to initiate development."

"We also detected increased expression of Neurogenin3 (ngn3) (see Figure 1C), a transcription factor expressed in differentiating neurons, and required for development of pancreatic islet progenitor cells [24,25,26]."

RA Promotes IPC Development

"RA induces development of primitive endodermal cells from a subset of embryonal carcinoma cell lines, and is an endogenous signal that directs development of posterior organs like the pancreas from embryonic endoderm [27,28]."

"RA induces development of primitive endodermal cells from a subset of embryonal carcinoma cell lines, and is an endogenous signal that directs development of posterior organs like the pancreas from embryonic endoderm [27,28]."

In vivo exposure to RA is sufficient to induce ectopic development of insulin-expressing tissue in the anterior foregut [27].

"To investigate whether RA could stimulate development of NS-derived cells toward an IPC fate, we measured expression of Pdx1, Cdx1, and FoxA3, transcription factors that regulate gastrointestinal organ development [29,30]."

"To investigate whether RA could stimulate development of NS-derived cells toward an IPC fate, we measured expression of Pdx1, Cdx1, and FoxA3, transcription factors that regulate gastrointestinal organ development [29,30]."

"Thus, higher doses of RA induced markers of posterior fate in NS-derived cells, a dosage response like that seen during RA patterning of posterior gut development in vivo."

"By contrast, mesoderm development invariably accompanies endoderm development in embryoid bodies derived from human ES cells or embryonic germ cells [31,32,33]."

"By contrast, mesoderm development invariably accompanies endoderm development in embryoid bodies derived from human ES cells or embryonic germ cells [31,32,33]."

"RA can activate signaling through the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, and recent studies show that Hh signals control development of embryonic pancreatic islets in vivo [16,34]."

"To elucidate the mechanisms underlying RA-induced expression of markers like FoxA3 and Pdx1, we examined Hh signaling during IPC development."

"At 300 nM, a dose used to induce neuronal development in ES cell cultures [21], Shh produced a significant increase in neurite outgrowth in NS-derived cells (Figure 3D and 3E; see Methods), and resulted in increased Ptc expression (Figure 3F)."

"These data are reminiscent of prior studies demonstrating that excess endodermal Shh signaling disrupts pancreas development in vivo [16,34]."

"ngn3, Pdx1, and Hb9 are essential factors for mammalian β-cell development [22], and their expression in stage 3 suggested the potential for deriving IPCs."

"Thus, reduction of glucose in stage 2 growth medium followed by a later increase in glucose at stage 3 or 4 was essential for development of IPCs."

Our study shows that application of endogenous signals governing pancreas development to human neural progenitor cells can generate glucose-responsive IPCs.

"Further experimentation may elucidate the basis for these differences, revealing the extent of neural progenitor cell development toward an endocrine cell fate."

"Recent studies suggest that neural cells can be derived from adult pancreatic epithelium [7,8], adding to a growing body of data demonstrating numerous similarities in neural and pancreatic endocrine development (reviewed in [43])."

"Nevertheless, compared to other methods for IPC development from human stem cells [13,44], our methods produced insulin at the highest levels yet achieved from an expandable, human stem-cell-derived tissue."

"However, a more detailed analysis of how parameters of economic development are associated with health outcomes as well as NCD risk factors is needed to inform local and global health policies."

CVD risk factor surveillance should be incorporated into national program planning and into best practices for NCD control supported by the World Health Organization and other health development agencies.

"Rather, we need to learn from the history of socioeconomic development that it is not simply affluence that permits the increased impact of CVD and other NCDs; it is the risk factors for these diseases that spread across socioeconomic boundaries, causing the same illnesses regardless of the socioeconomic status of the population."

"Addressing CVD risk factors could best be accomplished through improved international cooperation, better understanding of the risks of globalization, and development of appropriate research and technologies that apply to low- and middle-income populations."

"These trends have forced many countries to change their treatment policies and use more expensive drugs, including drug combinations that will hopefully slow the development of resistance."

"Kim and colleagues took human neural progenitor cells derived from brain, and exposed them to a series of signals that are known to drive pancreatic islet development."

Hyperlipidemia represents an important modifiable risk factor in the development and progression of CHD.

An adult without diabetes requires a minimum of 100 to 125 grams (400 to 500 calories) of glucose per day to prevent protein catabolism and the development of ketosis.

"More importantly, the use of a sliding scale treatment might predispose to DKA in insulin-deficient patients before the development of hyperglycemic levels."

"The development of early warning systems (EWSs) for epidemics of infectious diseases based on recurrent statistical patterns in other kinds of information, particularly data on climate, is an active area of research [1,2]."

"Furthermore, our system also offers a novel platform to study basic mechanisms of mesodermal induction and differentiation during early human development."

"One of us (JTM) has previously reported the development of a novel microchip-based detection system for measuring analytes such as acids, bases, electrolytes, and proteins in solution phase [21–23]."

"Further development of the ETC system has shown that it could be adapted to the detection of bacteria, spores, and living cells [24]."

"In addition, both the bias in the method described here (−50 cells) and the accuracy at higher CD4 counts are likely to be improved significantly by the further development of a disposable microfluidic cartridge, where the volume of distribution of the sample will be much smaller, and more accurate volumetric control will be possible."

"While the methods we described provide the basis for a highly portable and flexible miniaturized CD4 counting system, it should be emphasized that a number of additional developments are required to enable the widespread use of this approach in resource-limited settings."

"Such a device is currently in commercial development, and may be available by early 2006."

We believe that the future of low-cost diagnostics for use in the developing world lies in the development of new lab-on-a-chip technologies that integrate sample preparation and sample measurement systems into miniaturized devices with minimal power requirements.

"Use of vaccinia vectors in humans is problematic, especially in areas where HIV infection is common—immune-suppressed individuals can develop serious skin lesions—and several alternative vaccines based on other vectors as well as harmless vaccinia ones are under development."

"As cells specialize during development they pass through different levels of differentiation, from the earliest stem cells through to the highly specialized types that make up the body's organs."

Further development of protocols will be needed to address this issue.

"In addition, the techniques described here will provide a very useful resource for studying mesenchymal cell development."

"I was especially struck by the many stories recounting the development of a particular patient's illness, the patient's efforts to manage it, and the resulting interactions with health professionals."

"If we are to restore objectivity to drug development, prescribing, and safety monitoring, we must be willing to examine and change all of the institutions that allow this synchrony to occur."

There are also a number of new academic consortia with novel strategies to address issues of target discovery and preclinical development.

"With funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, more than a dozen faculty and scientists from six research institutions (see Box 1) are working in collaboration with Immtech International to manage the “cross-over” development of antifungals produced by Immtech as potential drugs for African trypanosomiasis, also known as African sleeping sickness."

This approach takes advantage of drug development of a class of compounds targeting a viable commercial market for Immtech (fungal diseases of the developed world).

Strategy three: An academic center uses a philanthropic gift to woo expertise from industry and build infrastructure for preclinical drug development.

"Here, philanthropic support was used to build infrastructure for a consortium of laboratories that mimics what might be found in a small- to medium-sized pharmaceutical company organized to carry out preclinical drug discovery and development."

"Validation of this compound as an antiparasitic was carried out by the UCSF team through rodent models of disease and, next, supported, as in the case of the Tulane consortium, by Dr. Chuck Litterst, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Drug Development and Surveillance Group."

"The UCSF group initially handed over further development of a drug candidate to the Institute for OneWorld Health (iOWH), one of the nonprofit organizations that has sprung up to meet “downstream” drug development needs for neglected diseases (see Sidebar)."

"The UCSF group initially handed over further development of a drug candidate to the Institute for OneWorld Health (iOWH), one of the nonprofit organizations that has sprung up to meet “downstream” drug development needs for neglected diseases (see Sidebar)."

The Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (www.dndi.org) has now become the main partner for further development [4].

The Sandler Center consortium itself is now focusing on completing preclinical development of similar drug candidates targeting homologous enzymes in several other major global pathogens.

The future is likely to see a number of academic or academic–industrial collaborations supporting preclinical development in consortia like those described above.

"This prediction was already borne out at the April 2005 meeting, “Drug Development for Diseases of Protozoa,” sponsored by the Keystone Symposia."

"In the short time since the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene meeting, it has become clear that more academic laboratories are encouraged to pursue drug discovery and development avenues beyond research traditionally thought of as academic."

"In addition, significant help from some large pharmaceutical companies, notably the Trés Cantos laboratory of GlaxoSmithKline, has fueled focused academic- and nonprofit-organization drug development efforts."

"For example, DISC1 modulates neurite outgrowth, there is an extensive literature on the involvement of NRG1 in the development of the CNS, and RGS4 may modulate intracellular signaling for many G-protein-coupled receptors."

"In this essay, we characterize the current HIV epidemic in Nepal, look at the ways in which the conflict may be fuelling the infection rate, and discuss the current local and international response from the health and development community."

"Foreign aid, which accounts for nearly 60% of Nepal's development budget, may have paradoxically contributed to lopsided development in Nepal."

"Foreign aid, which accounts for nearly 60% of Nepal's development budget, may have paradoxically contributed to lopsided development in Nepal."

"While aid money has favoured urban development and centralized power, the rural–urban gap has widened over the years."

One important development in recent years has been within the area of condom promotion for HIV/AIDS prevention.

"HIV/AIDS is no longer only a health issue, it is also a development issue."

There is also some evidence that combinations of therapies could greatly retard development of resistance to the partner drug.

"Current antiviral therapies include lamivudine and alpha-interferon, but long-term resolution of the disease is disappointing because of low seroconversion rates and the development of drug-resistant viral mutants."

"However, they suggest that these results indicate that although drug development of antivirals is an established research avenue, targeting the host is an untapped opportunity."

"The detection system used in the present report is a tabletop instrument that serves as a prototype for a fully portable handheld model, which is now under development."

The study was intended to inform ongoing policy discussions and development of effective interventions.

(a) The provision for the reduction of the stillbirth-rate and of infant mortality and for the healthy development of the child;

The development of a vaccine or other preventive biomedical intervention therefore bears the greatest hope to curb the rampant HIV epidemic [2].

The belief that experiments involving realistically low challenge doses require unfeasibly large numbers of animals has prevented the development of low-dose challenge models.

"This shift of focus required the development of novel statistical models that allowed the estimation of these indirect effects [42,43]."

Will the estimation of vaccine efficacy in repeated low-dose challenge studies also require the development of novel statistical techniques?

"If the probability of infection changes significantly with the number of challenges, however, the development of novel statistical models that take such changes into account will be necessary to adequately estimate vaccine efficacy."

"Animal models can play an essential role in guiding preclinical vaccine development, including in studies of preclinical vaccine safety, vaccine toxicity, and vaccine immunogenicity."

It heralded the first great phase of development in science and architecture; hieroglyphs were developed and the first great building phase took place.

"The Romans ruled a pagan empire, but the Aegean had an important influence on the early development of Christianity."

"•Since then, the development of Ibiza has continued, and the island’s fortunes are now almost completely derived from tourism."

"Around the turn of the century Britain and other countries had noted with great interest the developments in Palestine, and during World War I the British courted Jews and Arabs for help to get rid of the Ottoman Empire."

"Throughout the seventh and eighth centuries numerous Japanese monks, scholars, and artists made the perilous trip west across the Sea of Japan to study Chinese religion, history, music, literature, and painting — later to be brought back for further development in Japan."

"Jerusalem’s mayor, Teddy Kollek, spent the next 25 years orchestrating a vast program of development, adding new cultural institutions and parks and instituting neighborhood restoration projects while tirelessly me diating the concerns of Jerusalem’s many communities."

"Today, as always, Jerusalem is a city of controversies: religious Jews in conflict with secular Jews; Palestinians calling for independence; many residents protesting a wave of high-rise development that many claim will turn the Holy City into a holy megalopolis."

Fossils tell an obscure story of man’s slow and sporadic development.

"Surrounded by acres of farmland hewn from the hard desert, the adobe fort became a focal point for the development of Las Vegas for the next fifty years."

Nationalists in the new United Malays National Organization (UMNO) resented this “foreign” intrusion imposed by 19th-century economic development.

"This has been supplemented by the spread of lucrative palm oil plantations, the discovery of rich new reserves of petroleum and natural gas off the north coast of Borneo and the east coast of the peninsula, and development of manufacturing and tourism industries."

"An active government cultural policy in recent years has ­preserved the architectural monuments of the “national patrimony” from the ravages of time, weather, war, revolution, and urban development."

"The city has drawn Christian visitors, sometimes heavily armed, ever since the proclamation of the “Holy Land” and development of the first Christian sites for pilgrims in the fifth century."

"Despite the concrete sprawl of Japan’s postwar urban development, you can still find tranquillity in a brilliant-green, moss-covered temple garden or in the alcove of a traditional restaurant with its tatami-mat flooring, shielded from the other guests by shoji (paper screens) — remnants of a not-so-distant past."

"Outside the resort corridors, new suburban residential developments have swallowed the surrounding desert, eagerly edging to the bases of the easterly and westerly mountain ranges."

"Not far from these modest areas are the city’s first upscale developments, Rancho Circle and the Scotch 80s."

"Malaysia’s two parts share a hot, humid climate, but differ greatly in population density and urban development."

Economic development has given younger Malaysians wider choices than in previous generations.

The northern coast has been the major focus of tourist development on Jamaica since the 1970s.

"Much of the new development has occurred here, and in some places this has changed the character of the landscape."

"Its disadvantage, if it matters, is a lack of attractiveness: it is a rather soulless hodgepodge of development with no real character."

There is no development here for two main reasons.

The southern-most margins of the island — away from the pressure of human development — are a haven for wildlife.

"This area, the farthest from Kingston, lagged behind other parts of Jamaica in modern development, protected from the commercial activity of the east by the limestone landscape of Cockpit Country, making travel and communication difficult."

"Numbers have been dwindling due to the rapid development of recent decades, but the 87 hectares (215 acres) of palms here are protected from exploitation and damage."

"The development of new malls such as the Forum Shops (at Caesars Palace) has in some cases single-handedly elevated the state of shopping in the city, with even more major hotel-based shopping promenades having emerged at the recently opened Aladdin and Venetian resorts."

"When the castle was built atop the hill, the original city of Edinburgh grew on this ridge, reaching down in a ribbon of development toward the Abbey of Holyrood, at the foot of the hill in the east."

"Combined with the geological setting of the city, this stifled development."

"Across Castlehill is the Scottish Whisky Heritage Centre, which tells the story of the development of Scottish whisky with interesting displays."

"St. Giles Cathedral, on your right, was the original parish church for the city and has been at the center of many of its most important developments."

"Experience the formation of the continental plates and the development of different climatic regions, then explore the complex and dynamic interactions that make our planet work."

"It continues through the turbulent eras of Scottish history for both church and state, and on to the industrial developments of modern times."

"The city has a long-standing international reputation for research and development, which began in 1681 with the founding of the Royal College of Physicians."

"His ideas were not made official until 1752, and it was another 14 years before plans were put into place for a competition to create a design for this new development, to be called the New Town."

"They were built at the very beginning of the 16th century by Sultan al-Ghuri, the last Mameluke ruler, and his mausoleum at the heart of the development is now a cultural center hosting regular performances of the Whirling Dervishes (who achieve religious ecstasy by circling around in continuous motion)."

"Some of the recent development is rather unattractive, but there are a number of excellent resort hotels providing just about everything you could want for a beach vacation."

"Tourist development in the Sinai is mainly along the east coast where the coast meets the waters of the Gulf of Aqaba, though there can be many miles between resorts."

"For a refreshing look at modern urban development, visit the new, neoclassical Antigone quarter, just on the opposite side of the Place de la Comédie from the old town."

"Only the southeastern corner has any real development, and the road system comprises less than 10 km (16 miles) from the pretty, narrow streets of Chora, the island’s only town, to the beach at Milopotamos in the neighboring bay."

"The middle of the island has mountains that rise over 1,200 m (4,050 ft), separating the northern part of the island, and protecting it from the effects of development in the south."

"Since the construction of the New Macau-Taipa Bridge has allowed easy access to the airport, the population has grown to more than 30,000, with industrial development, new apartment blocks, and luxury resort hotels."

"The quaint Taipa Village, with its narrow lanes and colonial buildings painted yellow, blue, and green, has almost been completely swallowed up by the development of nearby housing projects."

"Guangzhou today is mostly about business and industry, featuring new development, skyscrapers, a whole new business area, and raised expressways."

"Nowadays it is yet another target for tourist development, and there are already several small hotels and apartment complexes set amongst the pinewoods."

"The place where Jesus grew up, Nazareth, is today a small, dusty Christian Arab town with sprawling modern developments swamping the old town and ancient sights."

"Today it is lined with shipyards, factories, and industrial development, and its waters are badly polluted."

Malarial mosquitoes and repressive feudalism restrained the island’s development until the 19th century.

Its environmentally-sensitive development of the Costa Smeralda is a mecca for Europe’s yachting set and August sees its limited five-star hotels booked months in advance.

"Five km (3 miles) south of the town, protected only by a couple of cypresses from an incongruous wilderness of highways and bleak urban development, stands the lovely church of Sant’Apollinare in Classe (549)."

"The permanent collection is housed in the old wing, and its fascinating exhibits showcase the development of Chinese-influenced Buddhist art and design."

One early influence of the foreign residents was the development of the nationally famous Kobe beef in a country that had never touched the stuff until foreign barbarians began demanding steaks.

"Like popular hot-spring resorts around the country, this small town has been the site of furious development, and the many small traditional inns (ryokan) and bathhouses are now dwarfed by large, ugly concrete hotels."

"Rather, it provides an opportunity to glimpse one key aspect of the very essence of a society and people whose origins, development, and identity hold a fascination for the rest of the world."

"Also near Kannawa are several hot-spring developments, including attractive open-air rock pools and mineral mud baths with a “You’ve got it?"

"Without this wildly curving water tunnel, cut through the bedrock under Jerusalem by frantic teams who worked from both ends to meet in the middle, Judaic monotheism would have been destroyed and the development of Western civilization would have been considerably altered."

"At 12 km (71⁄2 miles) in length, it is the second-largest lake after Windermere, but it does not have the commercial development of its big brother and is far less busy."

"Development was fast and, by the turn of the century, grand mansions and hotels had been built for those vacationing during the winter."

"Funchal’s deep natural harbor propelled the city’s development in the 15th and 16th centuries, when Ma­dei­ra became known to expeditions on their way to the Far East and Americas."

"Across from the park is the Teatro Municipal (Municipal Theater), a miniature Victorian gem that hosts periodic concerts, while opposite the wine lodge is an old Scottish kirk (church), another indicator of the strong British influence on the island’s development."

"A huge, fenced-off area is under construction as a zona franca — tax-free business development area — intended to attract foreign investment."

"With so little in the way of industrial development elsewhere on the island, this zone is particularly startling."

"After roughly another mile, turn off the main road towards Ponta do Garajau, a holiday development popular with German visitors."

"Porto Santo’s prize is a long, golden beach, only recently touched by development."

Offices of the Malaysian Tourist Development Corporation in your home country can provide guidance to the most reputable companies (see page 190).

"At the other end of this building you’ll also find Infokraf, where the Malaysian Handicraft Development Corporation has a permanent exhibition of national craftwork, with many exhibits for sale."

"Several of the walks pass through — or close to — the Malaysian Agriculture Research Development Institute, just a few kilometers from Tahan Rata."

"Until the recent land reclamation for new housing developments, these Malay, Chinese, and Tamil Indian eating places bordered on the seafront, but the cuisine (the most notable dish being the spicy mee hoon noodles) has not changed."

Development at Pantai Cenang is among the most extensive on the island.

Easy access from Singapore to east-coast resorts such as Desaru on the southeast and the islands offshore from Mersing has also led to the increased development of these destinations.

"Until the development of the new international airport in KL, most people flew into or out of Singapore on their Malaysia trip, staying over most notably for the duty-free shopping."

"What was once the heart of Singapore’s Chinese community is now being encroached upon by new development, as the rising skyscrapers of the financial district cast their ever-widening shadows on the shophouses of South Bridge Road."

"Authorities felt that the road from Palma to Sóller, with its hairpin bends and the 496-m (1,627-ft) pass, the Coll de Sóller, was impeding development."

"Much of the bay was originally surrounded by swampland, until development plans prompted large-scale reclamation."

"The situation is changing somewhat, but it appears that major development won’t be permitted."

Resort development is restricted to a handful of coves and beaches on the southeast coast and the west coast.

Farther west along the coast is another spate of massive development.

"Steps lead down the hill through sprawling development to a rather nice, but crowded, sandy beach."

"Na Macaret was an old fishing village, and much of the new development seeks to imitate a traditional look, especially around the neat little square."

"To the south of town, a long, sandy, gently sloping beach and sand dunes have brought obtrusive high-rise hotel and villa developments to the south coast at Sant Jaume and Platja de Son Bou."

"The northwest corner of the island, in total contrast, is almost untouched by tourism, and environmentalists are winning supporters who want it declared off-limits for development."

"With the subsequent development of new navigational techniques, it was no longer necessary to stay within sight of land."

"Yet the lessons of rampant, ill-advised development across the border were not heeded."

Only recently has environmental and aesthetic consciousness at least mandated that newer developments be limited to low-rises.

Continue east and you will find three more beaches whose relative isolation has thus far protected them from development.

The coastal development nearby along the cliff tops continues apace.

"The massive development on the east end of town, though, has pretty much run roughshod over the natural beauty of the area, all but eclipsing the former fishing village."

"Its magnificent setting — enormous, pockmarked sandstone cliffs rise above a huge beach lined with colorful fishing boats and hundreds of sunbathers — has proved resistant to development ruin."

"That may have been the case some years ago, but modern development has strongly interfered with its once distinctive appearance."

"There is some holiday development here, but as yet only on a small scale."

"The reason behind all this development is a long sandy beach, which stretches undisturbed for some 10 km (6 miles) between the two resorts and is backed by pine trees and dunes."

"Extended several times, including a wing designed by de Keyser, it was opened as the Amsterdam Historical Museum in 1975 and its rooms reveal the details of the development of this fascinating city."

"Downstairs were the offices and warehouses of Mr Frank’s business, which have been recreated in a multimillion dollar development opened in September 1999."

"This, and Greece’s agreement to join the Euro currency zone in 2002, has resulted in a great deal of infrastructure and economic development, which has not been without its problems."

"The Athenian love of leisure allowed the development of numerous pursuits such as theater — imagine a world without tragedy or comedy (without the ancient Athenians, the much-loved TV soap opera might never have been possible)."

These were a development from the fayum paintings that covered the face of the dead in the sarcophagi of Egyptian mummies.

Rooms 7–35 concentrate on sculpture — perhaps the greatest collection of ancient sculpture in the world — and these are displayed to show the chronological development of the art form.

"There are auditoria and cultural exhibitions here, and a small Theater Museum has displays charting the development of this art since ancient times."

This museum celebrates the art dating from before the development of Athens city-state — discovered in the Cyclades islands of the Aegean (c2000–3000 b.c.) A wonderful collection of naïve figurines carved in marble was discovered in graves on the islands.

"On the ground floor, the interiors of several churches of differing ages have been reassembled to explain the development of architectural styles  — very useful if you intend to visit a range of churches during your stay."

"The sandy shallows are ideal for swimming and snorkeling, and since the development of scuba (an acronym for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) gear in the 1930s, the seas around the Bahamas have become a top destination for diving enthusiasts from around the world."

"Every island has its own individual character, forged by a unique history and development, in fact the Bahamas could be said to be several different holiday experiences in one country, so it’s important to choose your island carefully to get the kind of holiday you want."

"The wonderful beaches, such as Cabbage Beach on the northern coast, were the focus of the development."

"As Paradise Island saw owners Donald Trump and Merv Griffin come and go, it went through a continuing series of developments and re-developments."

"The Cable Beach “strip” is under continual development, and a number of private restaurants have opened recently to provide alternatives for guests staying at the resorts."

The territory east and southeast of Nassau has seen a great deal of development in the last twenty years; many of the major residential areas that have sprung up hold little interest for visitors.

"As the economy of the US grew and Bahamian–US trade increased, a group of businessmen, led by Wallace Groves, saw the potential in the development of Grand Bahama."

In return Groves agreed to build a deep-water harbor and to encourage business development.

"The large square building contains a diving pool and decompression chamber; those with no interest in actually practicing the sport can visit the museum, which charts the development of diving to the modern SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) method developed by Jacques Cousteau in the 1930s."

"A large marina and 18-hole golf course attract a mixed group of people but the initial lure, and reason for the whole development, is Treasure Beach, one of the best in the whole Caribbean."

It has few telephones and electric power is only a recent development.

"Development began only in 1896, when the Florida East Coast railroad was extended to the region."

"If nothing else, the beach erosion has helped to keep Candi Dasa a quiet place, well-stocked with hotel rooms; it has also halted plans that would have led to even more development."

"Celukanbawang Bay, 12 km (7 miles) from Seririt, is likely to become an important port if development plans are realized."

"Each year brings new developments in the Pyrenees, most within two hours of Barcelona: Núria, at 1,963 meters (6,439 feet); La Molina, whose slopes rise to 2,537 meters (8,321 feet); and Vallter, with 12 slopes and a top station at 2,500 meters (8,200 feet)."

Barcelona’s expansion came about in a remarkable burst of urban development.

The exhibits follow Miró’s artistic development from 1914 onwards.

"This frank examination of Germany’s social and political history cleverly combines documents, photographs, and radio broadcasts to chronicle the rise of Fascism and the development of democracy."

"A short stroll leads to Friedrichstraße, where over 100,000 m of GDR architectural monstrosity have been demolished and replaced by a very elegant development of designer shops, offices, and apartments."

"Isolated from London by more than 5,300 km (3,300 miles) in an age of slow communications, Bermuda sometimes found itself out of step with developments in the homeland."

"At any given time there were well over 1,000 prisoners employed in the development of the outpost’s military potential."

"Under a 99-year lease, the US acquired about one-tenth of the land area of Bermuda for the development of naval and air bases, modernizing the defenses of Britain’s “Gibraltar of the West.”"

This not only surprised the old school but ushered in a new era full of opportunity for development as the island keeps up with a rapidly changing world.

"East on Front Street, out of Hamilton yet only a few minutes walk from the shops and restaurants of the town center, is the Bermuda Underwater Exploration Institute, which celebrates the important part Bermuda has played in the development of this fledgling science and sport."

"A short video tells the story of the development of the Bathysphere, a machine that could withstand the immense water pressure thousands of feet beneath the surface so that scientists could study the creatures living at those depths."

"There is also a short video presentation called “Bermuda: Centre of the Atlantic,” which tells the story of the founding and development of the island."

"Visit the outstanding Peabody Essex Museum, where the exhibits tell the story of the development of this very wealthy seaport town, which produced America’s first millionaire, Elias Hesketh Derby."

"The son of János Hunyadi, Korvin Mátyás (Matthias Corvinus), ascended the throne in 1458 and for the next 32 years the country enjoyed a golden age of intellectual and civic development."

"Between Flórián tér and the river is Fotér, a small, picturesque cobbled square untouched by modern development."

Both of these deal almost exclusively with Hungarian developments and are most likely to appeal to specialists or children.

"The Balaton Museum portrays the story of the settlement of the lake and the development of its people, including their agriculture and fishing and its fauna and flora, in a lively exhibition."

"This southeastern edge of the great Canadian Shield proved poor farm country and difficult to exploit for logging, but it really came into its own in the 20th century with the development of tourism."

"However, such developments are mostly the exception and whole swathes of even the more developed islands are virtually untouched, while La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro are only now starting to provide even the most basic tourist facilities."

In 1852 the Canary Islands were declared a duty-free zone in order to stimulate the development of the archipelago and its ports as an Atlantic staging base.

"However, this area is overdeveloped; what is surprising is that development continues apace, especially given the lack of building space."

"Developers, however, have resolved this problem very innovatively by literally building into the cliff sides themselves, and this often leaves visitors with the rather surreal sight of wall-to-wall development taking up every inch of these steep bays."

"A few miles north of La Santa, home to the Club La Santa a time-share development resort where athletes of the highest level come for both training and relaxation, is the tiny village of Caleta de Famara."

"With superb beaches and a complete lack of tourist development, this is the place to get away from it all for the day."

"Of the coastline south of Puerto del Rosario, the new cosmopolitan development of El Castillo, also known as Caleta de Fuste, is of most interest."

"Furthermore, this isolation led to the development of a strong independent streak for both colonists and indigenous peoples."

A greater question for the region itself: Can the development be controlled?

"Cancún — in fact the whole Yucatán peninsula — is embroiled in an important struggle, one that is being faced all over the world — the battle between the conflicting demands of development and conservation."

"Three shopping malls can be found here: the ultra-modern Plaza Caracol, a mix of craft and tourist shops; Mayafair, with its unmistakable façade fashioned of Chaac masks, is still in development but will eventually be a Mexican craft showcase; and Forum by the Sea, with several fast food eateries and a cine-complex showing the latest American movies."

"This is one of the most recent developments in Cancún, boasting a nightclub, cinema complex, and plans for an interactive aquarium featuring dolphins and nurse sharks."

The Cancún Hotel Zone needs a vast number of support workers both for hotel service and continued development.

The two main rooms on the first floor offer simple explanations about the geology of the Yucatán peninsula and the development of coral reefs offshore.

"South of the cruise port, the road (currently in the process of being upgraded) leads away from the urban development and out into the countryside."

"The very southern tip of the island is a national park, protected from the development, which threatened its wild but fragile environment."

"Other than a few farms, there is little development until you reach Playa Morena, with its bar and souvenir stand."

"Of course with the success of Cancún, developers have looked for other opportunities in the region, and this stretch of coastline is gradually being taken for tourist development."

"Luckily, not every development mimics the grand resorts of Cancún, and there is some variety here, in both style and atmosphere; there are a number of all-inclusive hotel complexes, yet there are also interesting towns and ports."

"Tulum, with its magnificent Mayan ruins, forms a natural southerly point to the strip of coastal development, which has been given the name “The Maya Riviera.”"

"Puerto Aventuras is an interesting development, unlike any place else on the Maya Riviera."

"Original stucco can still be found on the façade of the Great Temple here, and this has been augmented to show how it would have appeared at the zenith of the city’s development."

"The houses they built still have an elegance and stature, though many were lost to modern development, replaced by hotels and bank buildings in the latter half of the past century."

"Several hundred thousand years later, when Marco Polo reached the capital of China, he was astonished by a further development in fire technology."

The development of a new crossbow — which was a longer-range and more accurate weapon than China’s foes could deploy — ensured Han supremacy.

"But literature, now serving an ever-wider audience, produced few masterworks, and philosophy saw no new developments."

"Industrial development here since 1949 has transformed the city, adding vast new suburbs of oil refineries and factories."

"When Germany entered the imperialist age under Kaiser Wilhelm, Qingdao was selected as a likely port for development."

"After the Communists came to power in 1949, industrial development went forward."

Immediately across the river from the Bund and old Shanghai is the future — the Pudong New Development Zone.

"Hankou, on the opposite bank of the Yangzi, was opened to foreign development in the 19th century as a Treaty Port; at high tide 10,000-ton ships can reach Hankou’s harbor from the sea, some 1,500 km (1,000 miles) away."

"With piracy at an end, a number of towns and villages grew up along the shoreline, and the extension of the railway line to Almería in 1899 promoted the early development of the eastern region."

"Credit was made available for the development of hotel complexes and apartment blocks, and former fishing villages like Torremolinos and Marbella began to change forever."

"Surrounded by modern villas and urbanizaciones (developments), it looks from the outside like any other quaint village with whitewashed houses."

"As a consequence, this has seen the further development, both here and along the coast, of the largest collection of luxury hotels in Spain."

"Beyond Estepona, development is more sporadic, though there are some luxury resorts at Sotogrande and Puerto Duquesa."

"This part of the coast has a different feel from the western section, with less intensive development and, in parts, a much rockier and attractive shoreline."

"The town is smaller than the resort towns in the west, and despite the intensive development in the hills surrounding it, has also managed to retain some of its village atmosphere."

It was the development of the sherry wine and brandy business that brought the city worldwide acclaim and more prosperity.

"The second, known as the Museo de Bellas Artes (Fine Arts Museum), contains a collection of works chronicling the development of the school of Granada between the 16th and 19th centuries."

These were a development from the fayum paintings that covered the face of the dead in the sarcophagi of Egyptian mummies.

"This is not a recent development; the Minoans made it home, with their most famous palace only a few kilometers away from Iráklion."

"This part of the northern coast was the main area of development during the 1970s and 80s, and it is not to everyone’s taste."

"The development reaches a peak at Limin Hersónissos, though the inland village of Ano Hersónissos still has vestiges of its old atmosphere — and some good tavernas."

"While Kritsá is a good example of the modern development of traditional Cretan lifestyle, you won’t need to travel far from the coastal resorts to find a lifestyle hardly touched by the 21st century."

"Chaniá was capital of Crete from 1845 until 1971 and it remains the island’s second largest settlement, with a great deal of urban development."

"Altea is one of Spain’s most memorable and tranquil towns, and a careful development policy helps to keep it that way."

"Although the Costa Cálida extending southwest beyond Cartagena has opened up to property development, you can still find quieter stretches of beach."

"Purists complain that the cubist effect of steep hillsides dotted with square, flat-roofed houses has been spoiled by modern development, but the beaches all around are still pleasant."

Varadero isn’t a recent development by a government desperate for hard currency (though officials are determined to see it become a faceless cash cow not unlike Cancún).

"It is still in the early stages of development and, thankfully, extremely relaxed."

"The gateway, created at the height of Malla development in 1753, surpasses anything of its kind in the valley."

"With the development of powerful steamboats, navigation on the Mississippi became a practical, economical matter."

It still operates to control development in the area.

"It provides a remarkably authentic record of the development of the city, from the reign of Henri IV at the end of the 16th century to the advent of the Revolution."

"The Polonian tribe, which settled the area that today is western Poland around Poznan, provided the foundations for the development of a Polish language and nation."

"Poland’s development of a market economy has produced a proliferation of stores and boutiques, including many imported from Western Europe and North America."

"With its entry into the European Union (formerly the European Economic Community) in 1986, the pace of development suddenly quickened."

"The neighboring coastline forms part of the Costa de Prata (Silver Coast) and has largely escaped development, though it does have resorts at Figueira da Foz and Aveiro."

"Some modernization is occurring thanks to development funds from the European Union and the influence of returning migrants, but the countryside is still dominated by a traditional agricultural and peasant way of life."

"By the 17th century, Évora had lost influence and development came to a halt, preserving the city’s distinctive 16th-century palácios for posterity."

"The massive development on the east end of town, though, has pretty much run roughshod over the natural beauty of the area, all but eclipsing the former fishing village."

"The raison d’être of all the development is a long but not especially attractive sandy beach, which stretches undisturbed for some 10 km (6 miles)."

"North from Sagres, along the west coast, is the one part of the Algarve that may well escape intensive development, simply because, although the beaches are pleasant and the coastline dramatic, the water is colder and the wind stronger."

"Founded in 1521, it is partially surrounded by walls and fortifications that have protected it from modernization and indiscriminate development."

"Most of the development and tourist infrastructure lies in a narrow strip along the coast, east of San Juan."

"Another noteworthy museum on Calle Isabel is in Casa Serrallés: the Museum of Puerto Rican Music traces the complicated development of the island’s distinctive musical legacy, from Amerindian influences to the blending of Spanish colonial musical styles."

"It wasn’t until over 400 years later, in the mid-1960s, that this quiet village was awakened with the development of Ixtapa."

"FONATUR (Mexico’s national fund for tourism development) chose this location because of its 7.5 km (5 miles) of pristine beaches, located near a picturesque village."

"Though some travelers have expressed concern that Vallarta has grown too much in recent years, the town’s geography has imposed clear boundaries, allowing development to gradually expand to the north and south of the central downtown area."

"Since this development sits on a swampy area that has been filled in, the beaches in Marina Vallarta are less attractive than those in other areas of town, and are occasionally very rocky."

"Long known as a place of high spiritual energy, this is now the home of a new Four Seasons Resort and Jack Nicklaus golf course, with more high-end development planned."

"In a pristine setting of great natural beauty, this pre-planned FONATUR development rose to glory in the late 1960s."

"The developed areas are easily divided into three sections: the original resort development at Bahía Santa Cruz, Tangolunda Bay, and the town of Crucecita, home to the area’s residents and workers."

"Tangolunda Bay is where the larger hotel developments are located, along with the 18-hole Tangolunda Golf Course."

"Chahúe Bay lies between Tangolunda and Santa Cruz bays, and is the next to be slated for development."

"Bahía Conejos lies to the east of Tangolunda, and has residential developments already in progress."

"But he never fell into the error of arresting his intellectual development by any formal acceptance of creed or system, or of mistaking, for a house in which to live, an inn that is but suitable for the sojourn of a night in which there are no stars and the moon is in travail . . 1"

"Further, the brain's capacity to take in and re-view sensory input led to the development of neural pathways that could access and perceive or experience the occurrence of review and cogitate on the process itself."

"} relate the different systems of punishment with the systems of production within which they operate: thus, [. . .] the penitentiary…forced labour and the prison factory appear with the development of the mercantile economy."

"..""Sirenia"" is a land-use  subsidiary of Dell Webb Developments."

"During debates over development of Leipzig's huge chemical plants, R is known to have said, ""We don't want to stink up our country for all future generations."""

Script notes by Quentin Quiet-noted treatment development reader for Mirromax Films

"Dickens), daughter of MonaLisa, who is electrocuted and lies near death, thinking thoughts about consciousness and cognitive development, a la Piaget;"

"Much of the life of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, transgender, genderqueer and intersex persons has been illegal, and this illegality has been a constituent factor in the development of new sub-cultures, economies and geographies."

"The gender-smashing antics of the Cockettes in San Francisco exemplify the collectively-made, often anonymous projects that contributed to the development of the gathering as an art form--beyond the Happening lay the Be-In and drag ritual."

"He suggests that there is a ""protointelligence"" in matter, so that new evolutionary developments do not emerge in a random fashion but creatively as relatively integrated wholes from implicate levels of reality."

"Obviously they fail to understand Fannie Mae's role as a ""catalyst for community development."""

"Because of the development's late break, of the early editions, only the LAT front has it, in the form of a reefer box."

"The rated power of a country no longer rests on its steel capacity but on the quality of its science and application, through research and development, to new technology."

"Now Brown boasts of his crackdown on crime, and says: ""I don't talk about sustainable development."

"I talk about downtown development."""

"Today's Examiner carries a front-page investigative piece that's the latest installment in their ongoing coverage of an FBI probe into city contracting abuses, involving real estate development."

"Anyway, today's Examiner piece reveals that the FBI has now expanded to investigate various potential developments on the San Francisco waterfront."

"What's so hysterical about this piece of gritty city reporting, the kind of thing that makes true-blue newspaper types bluster with civic pride, is that on the very same day, the Wall Street Journal carries a puff piece about the development of the self-same waterfront: ""In San Francisco, Great Views and a Ferry."""

"In the Examiner story, port director Doug Wong appears scheduling a hearing about one of Charlie Walker's crony's development projects, which is apparently now under investigation."

"Jewish community center shootings, a development that off-leads at the New York Times and USA Today and is fronted, (below the fold) at the Washington Post . The NYT leads instead with Kansas' decision to stop requiring the teaching of evolution as part of the state's science curriculum."

"The report, which was leaked to the NYT , says that the United Nations, the United States Agency for International Development, and the Dayton-created civilian bureau have each lost tens of millions of dollars."

Residents along the corridor worry that the highway would open up huge areas of land for new development.

"In fact, I just got back from a book tour with two other technology writers, one of whom held your exact sentiments about the current development of the Web."

USAT leads with further developments in the Russian money laundering investigation.

"Los Alamos, the lab in which the first atomic bomb was developed in 1945, is still the main U.S. center for nuclear weapon research and development."

"The New York Times leads with the FBI's announcement last night that its director, Louis Freeh, supports an outside investigation into the FBI's failure to disclose the use of incendiary devices at Waco, a development nobody else fronts."

"On the development, Apple stock rose to a six-year high."

"The top non-local story at the Los Angeles Times is a major development in the Waco controversy: the discovery by the DOJ that all this time, the FBI has harbored audiotapes suggesting that pyrotechnic gas grenades were indeed fired at a bunker within the Branch Davidian compound."

"Prior to the explosion, Russia had, says the NYT , all but declared victory against Islamic rebels there, but this development appears to mean Dagestan will continue to be a political and military problem for the Yeltsin government."

"Just about the only relief from all this breathlessness comes from the WP , which quotes an academic as saying, ""It seems to me that this is, by any definition, an undemocratic development."

"It sounds as if you and I agree completely on that: The answer is education and what I call ""development."""

USA Today 's headline notes U.S. support for the development but also the absence of American ground troops.

"In a related development, it's now OK if Miss Congeniality used to be a pain in the ass."

"He notes that, in local real estate terms, Celebration was not the anti-sprawl incentive that the New Urbanists imagined but rather a beachhead for an expansion of suburban tract development."

"But almost no new private residential developments, including New Urbanism, have succeeded at mixing incomes to any considerable degree (the exception are Hope VI projects, which do achieve income mixing, although they are still too new to draw categorical conclusions from)."

"Or is it just another bad development in restaurant life, like those horrible little designs made of chocolate syrup on the dessert plate?"

"At the same time as all this, the Fernandina city and Nassau County governments have been enthralled by a new development that has been zoned and permitted and is now rising to Fernandina's east."

"The development is a neotraditionalist, new urbanist ""community"" that promises to re-create the traditional American town, a town not unlike Fernandina."

"After World War II, America poured millions of dollars into Puerto Rican development, transforming it from one of the Caribbean's poorest territories to one of the wealthiest."

"USA Today leads with the arrival in East Timor of 2,000 peacekeeping troops, which is also the top non-local story at the Los Angeles Times . The Washington Post off-leads this development, but goes instead with continuing post-Floyd power outages up and down the East Coast."

"At the WP , the development is tucked with little ado midway into an inside story about the reorganization of the Department of Energy."

"The development, the paper explains, could be a boon to young women with cancer who want to have children after treatment is concluded."

Never mind everything else he's tolerated in this city when he considers it an economic development tool.

This gives network executives three choices: 1) They can keep coming up with new shows but risk losing the audiences from the last ones; 2) They can find a way to retard characters' development; or 3) They can figure out how to let characters grow without abandoning of original concept for the show.

"At the time, to replace non-academic criteria of any kind with academic criteria--and the SAT is an academic criterion: Doing well on it means that one will do well at the things one does in college--seemed a gain for justice and equality, and there was no one ready to attack this development."

"Similarly the software business has huge ""desirability premia""--Microsoft Office costs far more than competitors that presumably had similar development costs."

"In addition to his other offenses, Edmund Morris is apparently the one we can blame for this alarming development."

"Sex isn't the issue, I think; the consumer culture has trivialized adult experiences of responsibility, flattened out intimacy so that it appears a zone in which people, women as well as men, are pulled between self development and obligation to others: Ozzie and Harriet vs."

"The New York Times , Los Angeles Times , and Washington Post each lead with the latest development in the White House's attempt to stave off a Senate defeat of the comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty--President Clinton's submission of a letter to Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott asking him to postpone his planned floor vote on the treaty."

"But adult development, as Gilligan, Kegan, and many others have noted, does not stop there with the achievement of an autonomous identity."

"On top of that, there's very real and touching character development."

"As more and more databases become available, we're likely to see ever more important discoveries that force us to rethink what we believed about the history and development of our language."

"Bennett concedes in the new book that since the appearance of his first Index in 1994, ""there have been many significant positive developments,"" and he cites them."

"Meanwhile, Schering-Plough argued that it needs its Claritin profits to pay for groundbreaking, lifesaving drug research and development."

"Still, I figured that you, as president and founder of the Cell Phone Haters Club, would want to be aware of this development so you can disseminate it (how?"

"A Clinton administration policy, still in development, would allow new parents on family leave to receive unemployment money, the NYT reports."

"But the book as a whole is a calm, well-researched, carefully reasoned, gracefully written development of an argument that I finally disagree with but that cannot at all be laughed off."

The current lawsuit would have Microsoft ignore the most important recent development in computing--the Internet--by shipping a version of Windows that omits the critical Internet capabilities.

"The decline in Medicare spending is a phenomenal development, said a former director of the Congressional Budget Office, which, the NYT reports, had predicted that the government would spend $19 billion more on Medicare last year than it actually did."

Everybody here is soiling themselves over this development.

"The Los Angeles Times puts that story on Page 3 of its business section and goes instead with the announcement of a sweeping free-trade agreement between Mexico and the European Union that would (if given final approval by the participating governments) eliminate most trade barriers between the two by 2007, a development that, the paper observes, should help Mexico expand its already booming exports and reduce its economic dependence on the U.S."

"Of course, most of these PCs crashed all the time, but it's still a significant development."

"For developing countries, the one meaningful road to economic development, which is to say the only way they can narrow the gap between themselves and the United States, Europe, and Japan, is via free trade."

Each story she tells is a cautionary tale with the exact same moral: You have to pass through the stages of adult development or wither and die.

"That's the strangest thing about Sheehy's model of development: The self comes off as organic, context-less, and amoral, judged only in reference to the imperative to grow."

"The Washington Post , New York Times , and Los Angeles Times fronts feature a picture of President Clinton at his press conference yesterday, where he announced the development."

"Yes, they'd always been profit-oriented, but now they were run by publicly held corporations instead of whimsical moguls, and development offices had only recently become umbilically attached to marketing departments."

"The Post says that the diplomatic development has provoked ""shouting matches, shock and hope among Israelis, as well as a 7 percent rise in the Tel Aviv stock market."""

"Eugene Vidal, the undersecretary of commerce (and father of Gore Vidal), had said that with the development of helicopters, about 710,000 families (out of 32 million in the United States) would have private airplanes, the reason being that these were the ones with incomes of more than $10,000 a year."

"Meanwhile, here are some of the questions from the WSJ online edition's candidate questionnaire that Bill Bradley ""declined to answer"": ""What single figure has had the greatest influence on the development of your own political thinking?"""

"If you believe that, you probably believe it was also just a coincidence that Housing and Urban Development Secretary Andrew Cuomo's press release promoting a fairly dry national study of the homeless happened to mention an advocacy group's estimate that ""in New York City in 1998 it cost $40,000 per year to jail someone, compared with just $12,500 to provide affordable housing and a variety of supportive services."""

"USA Today off-leads anti-terrorism and goes instead with yesterday's tech-led stock surge--apparently off the Fed's decision not to raise interest rates for now, a development the Wall Street Journal puts at the top of its front-page business and finance news box."

"Both the NYT and WP front Housing and Urban Development Secretary Andrew Cuomo's announcement yesterday that his agency will take direct control of the $60 million earmarked for services for the homeless in New York City, because the Giuliani administration cannot be trusted to distribute them fairly."

"The story also reports that on Wednesday a federal grand jury indicted the Algerian arrested in Washington state for trying to smuggle bombmaking components into the country, a development that is fronted at the WP and reefered at the NYT . Neither the Post nor USAT front the racial profiling story."

The Los Angeles Times leads with late developments in the Indian Airlines hostage crisis in Afghanistan.

"Bloomberg, for instance, blithely attributed the run-up to ""increased enthusiasm for genetic information companies and for incorporating genomic research into drug development."""

"Bailey directed Chatterbox's attention to a chart that seemed to support this in a World Bank report called Entering the 21 st Century (see figure 8 in the introduction, ""New Directions in Development Thinking"")."

"One happy development the new millennium is apparently about to bring is the formal death of the black Muslim belief that whites are ""blue-eyed devils"" who were specially bred in the laboratory of an evil black scientist with the suspiciously Jewish-sounding name Yacub."

"There's almost no attention paid to radio, where hundreds of of excellent American journalists work, and only at the end does Rosen acknowledge the development of the Internet as a news medium."

"The NYT handles this information a little differently in its (inside) story on the development, which it runs under the headline, ""Man Behind Doomed Health Plan Wants Minimal Regulation of Net."""

"The piece calls this development ""stealth health"" care."

"Mars is still the biggest story, but shares the spotlight today with some international developments."

"The saga of the NASA mission leads the Washington Post and is the USA TODAY cover story, but moves over to top center front in the New York Times, which leads instead with developments in Cambodia, the story which also tops the Wall Street Journal's front non-financial news column."

"All the stories agree the development means an expanded role at Apple for co-founder Steve Jobs, who recently rejoined its management team after being forced out in 1985."

"The biggest news today is a startling development: British commandos, with U.S. logistic support and full NATO and Hague backing, moved in on two Bosnian Serb officials accused of war crimes, killing one in a firefight and capturing the other."

Both USAT and the LAT give front-page play to another medical story: the development of a nasal flu vaccine.

"The piece says U.S. currency is up against most European currencies and down against the yen, and that both developments are good news for the U.S: ""For the Clinton administration, led by Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin, a slumping mark is much less worrisome than a slumping yen would have been, several economists said Monday."""

Also receiving much front-page play today: the continuing developments at the Senate campaign funding hearings.

"In fact, ""The city's Department of Housing and Community Development spends $1 million a year above the market rate to rent its office."

The post-bombing developments in the Middle East provide the day's most important stories.

The NYT runs a front-page piece that may signal the beginning of a major environmental development.

"The New York Times leads with the development that Maine, Massachusetts, New York and several other ""downwind"" states are pressuring the EPA to crack down on Midwest utilities to reduce current high levels of wind-borne smog."

"And, notes the Post , this is a bipartisan development."

The development drew the ire of Rep.

"The WP , NYT , and LAT pieces on the cosmo-conference are so focused on the chaotic and deteriorating Russian space program that they all miss an important point: namely, that this latest development shows that their space program is more open than ours."

What's driving all this are two Sunday developments.

"(The strike development does not make the Washington Post first-edition front, nor oddly, that of the paper with the most time to handle the late-breaking story, the Los Angeles Times .) The WP leads with the widening probe into the NYC police brutality case, which, the paper reports, produced the arrests of two more cops yesterday and which will now include a federal civil rights investigation."

"And why, even though the Ruby Ridge development involves the highly unusual event of homicide charges being brought against an FBI agent, is that story left inside the WP ? (It's on the front at USAT , the NYT , and the LAT .) And the headlines over that story tend to befog rather than clarify."

And the Los Angeles Times leads with developments in Bosnia.

"The LAT , NYT and Washington Post also give prominent front-page space to these developments."

"The Gore phone call controversy was first broken last winter by the WP , but yesterday in their stories on this latest development, neither the LAT nor USA Today (which placed it prominently: front page, column six, above the fold) could bring themselves to acknowledge this."

"But within hours of that alarmist item--which also suggested that Housing and Urban Development secretary Andrew Cuomo was gunning for Giuliani--Cuomo had dramatically seized control of $60 million in federal homeless money earmarked for New York, taking it away from the mayor."

USAT fronts and the NYT reefers the development of a new test for pre-cancerous conditions in the cervix.

"Lama, which translates as ""superior one,"" is a title officially extended only to the few dozen Tibetan Buddhist monks who have achieved the highest level of spiritual development."

Another significant development the two papers note: The rightist candidate went to the winner's headquarters to personally congratulate him.

"[David] McClelland [author of The Achieving Society ] said that the ""famous self-confidence"" of businessmen--really, their refusal to face discouraging facts--was an important tool for economic development."

Today's development is that the country's spy agency will help ensure compliance.

"Clinton proposed new tax credits for college tuition payments (up to $10,000 per family), a $1 minimum-wage increase, a plan for Medicare to cover prescription drugs, $1 billion in tax incentives to help spur the development of vaccines for poor nations, photo licenses and safety tests for gun owners, and more than $3 billion in education spending, including $1 billion for Head Start."

"Goodbye welfare reform, hello Urban Development Action Grants!"

"It would ""inflame the nationalistic, anti-Western and militaristic tendencies in Russian opinion""; harm ""the development of Russian democracy""; ""restore the atmosphere of the cold war""; and ""impel Russian foreign policy in directions decidedly not to our liking."""

"The most unsettling development has been the civil war in Rwanda , Zaire's eastern neighbor."

"Recognizing that the Internet effectively wipes out national borders, and fearing that the development of new technologies may be impeded by inconsistent tax policies, the federal government has been studying the issue of international tariffs on Internet transactions."

Agency for International Development from international lending-agency data) may be misleading in evaluating economic success.

"Sonograms allow doctors to estimate the fetus's weight, which correlates with the lungs' development, and to look for signs--such as the development of functioning eyelids and creases in the skin--that coincide with the onset of a functioning respiratory system."

"Sonograms allow doctors to estimate the fetus's weight, which correlates with the lungs' development, and to look for signs--such as the development of functioning eyelids and creases in the skin--that coincide with the onset of a functioning respiratory system."

Recent developments have escalated the doomsaying.

"1 Scientific Advances: Forensic pathology, the use of science to solve crime, has improved dramatically, particularly with the development of new DNA tests."

"NASA neglected development of the cheap, disposable, reliable rockets that other countries pursued."

A related article concludes that the United States must spend more money on early-childhood development to ensure that babies are sufficiently stimulated.

"A story about the development of HDTV contends that, contrary to laissez-faire dogma, government regulation can help private industry make better products."

"The impassioned cover story warns that America's national parks are being ruined by overcrowding, underfunding, invasion by exotic plant and animal species, and commercial development."

Lots more federal funding for the National Park Service and stricter regulations for development on park perimeters.

"An article says the two camps can learn from each other: Indies offer character development and plot, while big-budget movies create ""a coveted gloss and Zeitgeist energy that cannot be matched in the world of the shoestring budget."""

"Also, wary praise for the Department of Housing and Urban Development's new welfare-reform plan."

"The afflicted children--about 20 percent of the 18,000 adopted--are incapable of forming emotional bonds with their new parents, probably because the absence of attention and affection in infancy stunted brain development."

An article traces a promising development in the search for an AIDS cure.

An interesting article goes behind the scenes in the development of a new sitcom.

"Most critics say the movie, about a Japanese woman's peculiar fetish, has lots of gorgeous naked bodies but little plot or character development."

Two developments in the Paula Jones case: 1) Her attorneys withdrew.

"Political consultants have given the edge in this race to the candidate who best addresses concerns about education, economic development, and the security of those who depend on San Antonio's military bases."

"One scam, reported in the Chronicle of Higher Education last month, involves a man posing as a director of the Saudi-based Islamic Development Bank or as a professor at a Saudi university."

"In contrast, Afghanistan's Sunni Muslim Taliban is still in a revolutionary phase of development."

"Lost in the Shuffle: Thanks to the week's busy news cycle, the pundits gave the new developments in the Asian financial crises a wide berth--not much of a loss, seeing as most of them are completely at sea about it anyway."

Having only one new sexcapade development to chew on--the New York Times story about first secretary Betty Currie's testimony to the grand jury--the commentariat turns its searchlight away from Silent Bill Clinton and onto Kenneth Starr.

"Gingrich's attacks, which came off as terribly partisan, mitigate damage to the president's popularity caused by some of this week's more embarrassing developments."

"The biggest development of the week, according to George Stephanopoulos (ABC's This Week ) and Kate O'Beirne (CNN's Capital Gang ), is Monica's revamped legal team."

The only new development is the revelation that Tripp will testify next week.

"Clinton--has two new developments: Linda Tripp testified, and a district judge threw out the case against Webster Hubbell."

"A prediction by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in Paris that financial turbulence in Asia may cut nearly 1 percent off the output of industrial countries around the world next year made headlines in many European newspapers, which were happy to note, however, that U.S. growth should slow down from 3.8 percent to 2.7 percent, while Europe's should creep up from 2.6 percent to 2.8 percent."

"The American Government is, by contrast, thought to be very disappointed by the development."

"Although Northern Ireland's Protestant Belfast Telegraph declared in an editorial that the creation of cross-border, north-south bodies was ""asking too much"" of the Ulster Unionists, the Republican Irish News in Belfast urged the Unionists to accept them as ""a logical development."""

"First, by giving the rightful place in their policies to development aid for Africa; and second, by ceasing to offer blacks in their own countries no choice at all apart from assimilation or exclusion."

"It proposed stopping negotiations for a bailout package with the Islamic Development Bank--with which ""it is not Islamic fraternal feeling, as some of us would like naively to believe, but pure profit motive which seems to have weighed."""

"' In light of U.S. history, such punishment is virtually a return to the lynching that was practised during the frontier development period."""

"Salvation--hers and that of the destitute she rescued from the gutters--was her aim, not economic or social development as many others understand it, she said."""

"Gingrich on national educational testing, the Washington Post with a startling development in the Paula Jones lawsuit, and the Los Angeles Times leads with a local political story."

"Both the NYT and LAT run front-page pieces reporting that on Monday, the Clinton administration decided to allow Conoco to conduct oil drilling on a federal property in Utah where last year, during the election, Clinton established a national monument to protect the wilderness from development."

The Post quotes an obesity expert expressing the worry that these developments will hinder the general development and marketing of weight control drugs.

The Post quotes an obesity expert expressing the worry that these developments will hinder the general development and marketing of weight control drugs.

Only the Los Angeles Times makes the observation that puts this development in the proper context: Clinton has already been under the scrutiny of a special prosecutor for three years.

"This development, the papers observe, could be a boon not just to IBM's computer line, but also to its chip manufacturing division, which has already grown quite a bit in recent years."

"The development, coming on the heels of February's similarly-sized merger of Morgan Stanley and Dean Witter, is widely viewed as signaling the onset of even further combinations of banks, brokerages and insurance companies."

"Another possible development, says USAT , is that Clinton might propose a major overhaul of the tax system."

Both papers say the development inspired yesterday's 119-point drop in the Dow.

"Although the egg in this case came from another woman, this development sets up the possibility that young women will be able to freeze their own eggs (which are less biologically problematic) and then much later, when the women are ready to have children, have them fertilized."

A front-page LAT piece details a little noticed post-Cold War military development: a submarine arms race among Third World countries.

"Meanwhile, the NYT says the Hong Kong developments ""could lead to a broad regional economic slowdown that would dampen the sales and earnings not just of local companies, but of major corporations from the United States to Europe that operate there."""

"The development is widely reported as good news for Clinton and great news for Gore, who now has renewed hopes of heading into campaign 2000 sans scandal."

The WP also has a front-page piece concerning these developments.

The Wall Street Journal 's lead feature notes that the latest global economic developments challenge the widely-held view that an emphasis on short-term performance weakens an economy.

The Los Angeles Times leads with the latest development in the mini-scandal concerning the interment at Arlington of the late Clinton political donor and ambassador M. Larry Lawrence: the decision of his widow to have her husband's body removed from there.

The decision not only applies to current versions of the software programs but could also hinder the development and marketing of new versions set to roll out early next year.

"The NYT front page also covers this development, in a piece that points out that many economists think the Japanese government has prolonged the Japanese downturn and that of the region by dithering."

"Both the NYT and WP run stories on a development sure to be cited in this country by libertarians chafing against proposed Internet regulation: China's imposition today of stiff fines and prison sentences for distribution or consumption via the Net of ""harmful information,"" defined as that which ""defames government agencies,"" ""impedes public order,"" or ""damages state interests."""

"The Post totes up the political causes, but says the development arose ""mostly because of six years of relentless economic growth."""

"The LAT lead says these latest Unabomber trial developments have left Kacszynski's mother and brother ""reeling."""

"The ""Templeton Honor Roll for Character Building Colleges"" rewards more than 100 schools that ""promote character development."""

"He has hocked heirlooms to pay taxes, rented his mansion out for conferences and banquets, proposed turning 500 wooded acres of his estate into a housing development, and leased the grounds for concerts."

"Another conducts research, keeping him abreast of the latest developments in hip-hop and digging up quotes for New Yorker pieces."

Few have placed these developments in context.

Most studio heads rely on vice presidents and vast development offices: The Weinsteins read scripts and buy films themselves.

"Billions more were spent collectively by some 28 other federal agencies such as the Small Business Administration and the departments of Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Agriculture, and the Interior."

"No doubt to the annoyance and disbelief of day-care opponents, such as the Rockford Institute and the Center on the Family in America, a study newly released by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development found that day care does not hinder a child's intellectual development."

"No doubt to the annoyance and disbelief of day-care opponents, such as the Rockford Institute and the Center on the Family in America, a study newly released by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development found that day care does not hinder a child's intellectual development."

"A flurry of recent research, recently reported in a Time magazine cover story, points to the importance of early stimulation in the later development of a baby's brain."

"David Butler of the Manpower Development Research Corp., which has been the prime evaluator of welfare-to-work programs, points out that planners have routinely overestimated the amount of formal child care needed for such projects."

"While 70 percent of Americans consistently tell pollsters they oppose extending oil and gas drilling and other development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 70 percent of Alaskans favor it."

"The Gwich'in, ""the people of the caribou,"" oppose development of the Arctic coastal plain, to which the caribou migrate to breed."

"The Inupiat Inuit, who hunt whale, seal, and fish, favor development on the coastal plain--but not offshore continental shelf drilling."

"But macroeconomics --the study of economy-wide events like inflation and deflation, booms and slumps--was in a state of arrested development that left it utterly incapable of making sense of the Great Depression."

"And so when I picked up a copy of Bionomics , the first thing I did was check out the author's treatment of my heroes and of what I knew to have been the important . His record was perfect: Not one of the right people was mentioned, not one of the key developments discussed."

"And manufactured exports, initially based on low wages, are the only route we know for rapid economic development."

I think that a major part of the explanation lies in the development of economic theory over the past couple of decades and a somewhat dysfunctional response of the profession to those developments.

I think that a major part of the explanation lies in the development of economic theory over the past couple of decades and a somewhat dysfunctional response of the profession to those developments.

"This restraint may partly reflect Microsoft's market strategy--after all, Microsoft beat Apple partly because Apple did practice vertical foreclosure, and as a result inhibited the development of complementary software (although the main problem was Apple's persistent belief, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that everyone would be willing to pay a premium price for a niftier machine)."

"Breast milk, researchers are finding, is a kind of ""external placenta,"" loaded with hormones masterfully engineered to assist development."

"So each time the Sierra Club impedes economic development to preserve some specimen of natural beauty, it is asking people who live like you and me (the relatively poor) to sacrifice for the enjoyment of future generations that will live like Bill Gates."

"But it's worth mentioning a separate reason to be skeptical of the conservationist agenda: For all we know, those descendants might prefer inheriting the proceeds of economic development to inheriting the redwoods.)"

"Big business has wagered hundreds of billions of dollars on the development of high-tech, low-cost media technology--broadband services, satellites, encryption technology, miniaturized computers and communications devices, you name it--that is largely impervious to the Bennetts and Gores of this world."

"A 1994 survey by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, an international association of market economies, found ""remarkably meager support for the hypothesis that such programs are effective."""

"The reason is that it diverts attention from something called ""enterprise,"" by which Keynes means the development of real operating businesses."

"Rather than invest their surplus in research and development or compete to see who could build the biggest house, the Northwest Indians instituted the ""potlatch,"" a tradition of achieving status by giving away one's wealth."

"The Week/The Spin takes a dozen or so topics, from this week's election-campaign developments to the latest big book from Knopf, and analyses, as objectively [LINK TO TEXT CCC]as possible, the spin they're getting, the sub-angles that are emerging, and so on."

This was not planned; it's one of those serendipitous developments I mentioned.

Egghead is a reasonably lighthearted look at recent developments in scholarship and academia.

"At that point, we will control the industry and be able to extract the rich monopoly profits waiting to be had from poetry, book reviews, essays pleading for entitlement reform, explanations of developments in foreign countries, and similar product lines."

One goal of Slate is to help you to stay efficiently abreast of developments you aren't wildly interested in.

"In that spirit, we introduce a new feature this week called ""Keeping Tabs,"" which will track developments in the world of the tabloids."

"Our crack development team (that is, our development team that is crack, not our team developing crack) is hard at work on Slate Search 3.0."

"Our crack development team (that is, our development team that is crack, not our team developing crack) is hard at work on Slate Search 3.0."

the sudden improvement in scansion and rhyme in American poetry: These welcome developments can have only two possible explanations.

Here is an important new development in the Washington press corps' perceptions game.

"We can come pretty close to neutral reporting and analysis of news developments in features like ""Today's Papers"" and ""The Week/The Spin."""

"And for an elegant summary and analysis of the latest developments, go to ""The Week/The Spin."""

"If you've missed the news at all, ""Today's Papers"" will catch you up on daily developments from the past week."

"But it just might be that recent developments in Washington have had something to do with it, too."

"And, of course, any important development in the news (war, for example, or a new semen stain) may well drag us in off the shuffleboard court."

"This surprising development is partly a matter of pandering to anti-government paranoids in the gun lobby and militia movement; partly anti-Clinton opportunism; partly explained, at least in the CDA case, by the interests of business; but partly, perhaps, principled."

"The basic problem, as I've argued before, is Clinton's lack of respect for civil liberties, exacerbated in this instance by a lack of understanding beyond the vice president's office of what is at stake in the development of the Internet."

"Fifty-five thousand dollars goes to Ballet Hispanico of New York, ""to support the development of a model study unit, utilizing concerts, study guides, teacher training and residences, to celebrate the cultural contributions made by Hispanics to the United States."""

"It is rent control that has preserved the aesthetic as well as the social fabric of the kind of variegated, low-rise neighborhoods Jane Jacobs celebrated in The Death and Life of Great American Cities , which in many other places were knocked down to make way for high-rise development."

It was getting absurd for reporters to analyze developments at City Hall without referring to a romantic attachment they believed to be a key force in events.

The mayor's race this year was fought in part over alternative approaches to preventing further development and congestion.

"In the 1992 campaign Clinton proposed not only higher rates on the rich and a new business tax to support worker training, but also augmented research and development credits, a long-term capital-gains exclusion, and various other bounties intended to support education and the environment."

"The Miller imbroglio and the assault on Bin Laden would appear to have nothing in common, but they both illustrate a peculiar development in American foreign policy: James Bondification."

"If that happened so quickly on Earth, why not on Mars, whose early stages of development were quite similar to Earth's?"

But only in small respects have developments in technology and the global economy narrowed choices over policy.

But Bob Dole's harsh attacks on Bill Clinton for allegedly condoning this development failed to excite American voters.

"The other was an obscure psychology text even Borders wouldn't carry, chosen from the catalog of the State University of New York Press, called The Ego and the Dynamic Ground: A Transpersonal Theory of Human Development (second edition), by Michael Washburn."

"The egg cell was biochemically pre-programmed to commence development, and that, apparently, was enough to jerk the mammary-cell DNA out of its quiescent state."

Dolly and her fibroblast-derived cousins have changed forever the way we think about animal development.

"Understanding differentiation is the key to understanding development, and Dolly embodies the extraordinary possibility of manipulating the process--of doing experiments to identify the basic construction rules used in putting animals together."

The Java language is very important for the development of feature-rich Web publishing.

Similar considerations apply to regional development and learning.

"5. $15 million to STEWARD SCHOOL (Henrico County, Va.) ""Christmas in September,"" said Jennifer Sgro, who works in the school's development office."

for development of a school of business and community science.

She was applying for a development position with the Windows 99 team.

"The personal development tradition greatly values the presumed authority of experience, and codependency experts--leaders such as John Bradshaw--routinely confessed their own struggles with various addictions in order to bolster their credibility."

"After 1995, the United States tried to hedge its bets, providing $26 million of United States Agency for International Development money to Indonesian nongovernmental organizations involved in grass-roots organizing."

"In short, for three decades the international community never bothered to question whether Suharto's system was capable of sustaining social and political development in the long run."

"What we know from child-care research, as a press release from Child Trends Inc. puts the standard position, is that ""the quality of child care matters for children's development, and it matters the most for low-income children."""

"The interesting twist here is that, as far as the science is concerned, conservatives are right, and liberals lag a wishful step behind when they cite sure proof that early day care decisively influences a child's development."

"Longitudinal studies sought to measure children's ""development""--their language skills, school achievement, cognitive gains, social and emotional adjustment, etc.--given different kinds and quality of care in their early years."

"In retrospect, it's clear that earlier studies made too much of small effects on development that were derived from very small samples."

"Science--in particular, psychology, Spock's own specialty--held out a promise of newly fine-tuned control over their development."

(This inaugurates a new monthly column about developments on the Internet.

"Netscape has a similar product in development called ""Constellation."""

"Even this distinction, though, is changing with the development of off-line readers: software that automatically goes to the Web to retrieve material, and stores it on your own computer."

"Much of Southern industrialization took place outside metropolitan areas, encouraging development of a company-town mentality and hindering industry-wide organizing."

"But a series of antitrust decisions after World War II ended these practices and forced the studios to divest themselves of their theater holdings, while also encouraging the development of independent production companies."

"None of these, on their own, were necessarily bad developments."

And foreign investment is often crucial to a company's development.

"At a time when Las Vegas has become America's model of economic development, the Navajo vote may seem a grand self-defeating gesture."

"The development of horizontal drilling, where drill bits actually go sideways from a vertical hole in order to extract more oil, has also helped make the exploitation of smaller and less accessible fields cost-effective."

It wants to keep prices high enough to ensure profits but low enough to deter the development of new fields.

"As a result of the Star Wars deal, Galoob devoted more and more of its resources to that line, shifting money out of internal development, staking the company, in a sense, on this product whose existence depended utterly on staying in the good graces of Lucasfilm."

"The market-friendly interpretation of Asia's success was intended to counter the thesis--offered by the Japanese, by U.S. protectionists, and by certain neo-institutionalist economists--that trade barriers, subsidized credit, and strong state support for export-driven industries had been essential to the development of Asian economies."

"Up till now, everyone--right and left--has been anxious to claim the Asian example for their own for one reason: Since World War II, the Asian tigers are the only examples of successful, sustained development over many decades."

"If you're buying a company knowing that somewhere down the line you'll want to sell it, the argument goes, you'll shortchange research and development, cut back on long-term investment and sell off slow-performing parts of the business in an effort to make the company look better in the present."

"But actually this is a relatively recent development in American business, and while the financial success of Michael Dell is a fine expression of the American dream, the lessons the business world has drawn from that success are less salutary."

"The traditional story of industrial capitalism's development in the United States is that it had its roots in family-owned enterprises, but that it quickly evolved into a system where the people who owned companies delegated the responsibility for running them to managers."

It invests heavily in research and development.

"Pro-Microsoft programmers dramatized this point by staging a press conference at Nader's forum, crediting their livelihoods and the nation's ""small business development"" to the Microsoft platform."

The top nonlocal story at the Washington Post is the latest development in the Indonesian economic crisis--a rare and boosterish Suharto press conference in contrast to a further plunging stock market and food riots in outlying towns.

Another development that engrosses the dailies is the news that Lewinsky's lawyer has given Kenneth Starr a formal statement about the testimony she could give in the matter in return for immunity.

"The most newsy development in what ""Today's Papers"" had decided to call the Whitefluid scandal is that yesterday, as reported in the WP , Monica Lewinsky's lawyer revealed on one of his five (!) chat show appearances that it's possible his client, who owns a share of a Australian condo, was tape-recorded offering it to Linda Tripp in return for Tripp denying knowing about Lewinsky's claim that she had a sexual relationship with President Clinton."

"The NYT has today's new Whitefluid development: Monica L. visited the White House, not ten times as has been variously reported, but ""about three dozen times"" after leaving her White House job."

"Kenneth Starr's latest moves lead at USA Today , the Washington Post , and the New York Times . They are also the subject of a somewhat historic story at the Wall Street Journal . The Los Angeles Times leads with the latest developments in the Iraq situation."

"The most elaborate example, run by baseball's Texas Rangers, even includes role-playing bimbos, and is euphemistically called the ""Career Development Program."""

"USA Today , the Washington Post , and the New York Times all lead with the latest developments in the White House sex scandal."

"The Los Angeles Times goes another way, leading with the latest developments in the White House money scandal (remember?)"

"The Times takes note of the latest developments in professional wrestling: more sexual content, coarser language, and no more Good Guys."

"And the LAT lead editorial sees the development as a ""bittersweet victory for the president."""

"The dramatic extent of the development is pointed out by the NYT 's observation that Boeing alone has produced nearly 10,000 airliners currently in service, and that the recommendation applies to the planes of at least one other company, Airbus, as well."

The piece is a thorough and fascinating history of the two companies' development of their Chinese markets in recent years.

"President Clinton is quoted saying the development was ""great news,"" but House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt is quoted saying, ""This was a retreat not a conversion."

"Today, a new development in the arena gets covered by the Post , but is relegated to the business section."

"In an inside piece, the NYT details this development and a concomitant rise in the hope market as well."

"The Los Angeles Times puts this development just above the fold, but leads with the California Supreme Court's ruling upholding the admissibility of DNA evidence, provided prosecutors show that correct procedures were used."

"Everybody reports another computer development, which the NYT business section calls ""a glimpse of the future the government is seeking"" in its case against Microsoft: namely, the Gateway computer company negotiated permission from MS to make Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer equally convenient choices from Gateway start-up screens."

"And a front-page WP piece says this development shows that with the economy on the rise, the electorate's distaste for professional politicians is on the wane"

"But ""Van Gogh's Van Goghs"" is an old-fashioned show that surveys the artist's chronological development as a painter, grouping the pictures according to where and when in van Gogh's nomadic life they were painted."

But there's another way to think of Léger's development.

"The marriage, kept secret from Bonnard's family, was the result of a traumatic development in Bonnard's life."

The South is also a cautionary blueprint for the nation when it comes to economic development.

"The ideological impetus behind judicial developments in the last two areas, campaign finance and equal-time provisions, is related less to speech, except as a kind of constitutional cover, than to a revival of the old ""right to property""--that is, the Supreme Court tends to disapprove of legislative and administrative efforts to require broadcasters to carry ""opposing viewpoints"" on the grounds that since it's their property, owners of television stations should be able to broadcast what they like."

"Agency for International Development worker, and a freelance journalist in Africa--has seen Western aid programs up close."

"In almost every frustrated development professional, good intentions mutate into unbounded, quasiracial contempt."

"Some of those who ""do development"" tend to blur the distinction between assisting the African poor and dominating them."

"Better, perhaps, to sort things out thoroughly in the short run, and to prevent even greater devastation for all concerned down the road--even if that means suffering a few casualties, or opening ourselves up to the charge of imperialism.NomadNet, a page on ""Somalia, Peacekeeping, Relief & Economic Development Issues"" run by Michael Maren, has been shut down, but its archives are still open."

"(The Development and Foreign Aid section includes a piece by Maren titled ""The Food-Aid Racket"".)"

The Virtual Library on International Development is another source for material on these issues.

"Agency for International Development's home page, CARE's site, or ReliefNet, ""a non-profit organization dedicated to helping humanitarian organizations raise global awareness and encourage support for relief efforts via the Internet."""

"The International Centre for Humanitarian Reporting notes that the media often only report on the ""crisis of the moment,"" and aims to ""encourage better reporting of humanitarian, development and related issues."""

"Critics and biographers have too often collaborated in this legend, separating their accounts of Yeats into green ""developments"" and golden ""phases."""

"There's even a counsel, holed up somewhere in Washington, who is still on the verge of cracking the Department of Housing and Urban Development scandal, which dates from two administrations and more than 10 years ago."

"Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, fearing the loss of his model for a new path of socialist development, got mischievous."

"Lacking a sizable middle class of farmers and shopkeepers (who would arrive only after World War I), and undergoing intense and rapid capitalist development, large portions of Colorado, Nevada, and Idaho became sharply polarized along class lines--""labor in one camp, the employers in another, no in-between camp, with government a football between the two,"" according to the final volume of John R. Commons and associates' venerable History of Labor in the United States ."

"Department of Housing and Urban Development, by 1970, suburbs were the principal sources of employment in the 15 largest metro areas."

"We've been reminded in recent years--by people as disparate as Frank Sulloway and Robert Bly--that siblings can be just as crucial as parents in determining a person's development, and the brilliant, loyal, competitive Austen clan is a perfect example."

"It covers developments from 15 th century explorations of the New World to the mid-1990s, but you can open the book almost anywhere and have a good read."

"For consumers, the key development of the 1920s and '30s was the mass-produced image, which led to the culture of celebrity and unified standards of feminine beauty."

"Nash's breakthrough in game theory got him recruited by the Rand Corp., which was then a secretive military think tank in Santa Monica (its name is an acronym for ""research and development"")."

"And in the battle of block chords toward the end of the development section, the piano comes off as strident rather than imperial as it attempts to rival the orchestra."

"In fact, developments in bra construction and embellishment speeded up when not wearing them became a natural right instead of a questionable perversion and wearing them became a sensual experience instead of a social duty."

Excluding beauty is a ridiculous development for the Miss America contest.

I mainly notice that things have come a long way since I was 8. Classic figure skating is now complicated by the development of sensational ice dancing in several categories.

"The widespread use of the so-called invariant ""be"" to indicate continuous or habitual action (""he be late""), for instance, is not a historical legacy but a development of the last 50 years."

"One factor is the psychologizing of everyday life, a development that scarcely needs documentation."

"(One Texas newspaper not long ago called Henry Cisneros, the former secretary of Housing and Urban Development now under indictment, ""the most skilled politician of our times."""

What will be the impact of a vernacular Bible on the future development of the Ixil language?

"For The Object of My Affection , she has invented an entirely new cast of supporting characters, but they add little that anyone other than a development executive could think this story needs."

"When Henry Cisneros, the secretary of Housing and Urban Development, came to my magazine the other day for an editorial lunch, I was able to prep up quickly at his Web site."

"But in the big picture, the Gapping of American furniture has actually been one of the most welcome developments in recent years."

The dawdling precision of development gives way to velocity and chaos.

Prudie believes the Tiffany Manners people would be pleased to update their book to keep up with developments ...

"How did experienced radio and TV people of both genders turn into Valley Girls, and do you know where this annoying development came from?"

Exciting developments in impotence treatments offer millions of these men and their partners renewed hope for a better quality of life.

"The premise of ""The Norplant Option,"" by Stuart Taylor Jr., reminds me of the plan my township put into effect in the mid-'70s to protect and preserve prime farmland by purchasing the development rights."

"Based on this faulty assumption, Landsburg then goes on to make the assertion that since our grandchildren are going to be so rich, they won't mind being reduced to seeing things like trees only in photographs, and they ""might prefer inheriting the proceeds of economic development to inheriting the redwoods,"" anyway."

"The development of Microsoft FashionSense 2.0 is long overdue, and I for one would like to offer my services as a volunteer beta tester."

I look forward to further status reports of this product's development and am certain that you will do a fine job in your implementation.

"In closing, while I agree with you that a rising U.S. currency relative to its European partners may not be a positive development, it is certainly not ""of equal concern"" with the persistent trade deficit with Japan."

"Well, there is a realization that there is a never-before-in-human-history amalgamation of human activity and astronomical growth in creativity, with each development propelling us faster."

"This type of article, even when well meant, just further fuels the fires of anti-Semitism and is counter-productive to the ongoing development of peace and civilization on Earth."

We have chosen to live in a beautiful place where some of the world's most scenic areas have been closed to mining and oil development forever.

Alaska and Alaskans will never satisfy those who believe that the only good development is no development.

Alaska and Alaskans will never satisfy those who believe that the only good development is no development.

Some believe that the Japanese or Taiwanese models of production and export-led development are superior to consumption-led approaches to economic growth.

The Chinese are also great admirers of key aspects of the Japanese development model.

Java should rightly be compared to Visual Basic and other tools meant for rapid development of applications.

"In recent years, a similar development has occurred in France, where Jean-Marie Le Pen of the National Front has softened his anti-Arab racism in order to attract more votes."

Yates has done little for the economic development of our district.

"You've never seen a white board used in real technical development, have you?"

"It was bad enough that the subject was covered ad nauseam (and I mean ad nauseam) in ""The Breakfast Table"" this week and treated as a serious news development in ""Culturebox."""

"Matt Alsdorf (Editorial Assistant), Michael Brus (Editorial Assistant), Angela Claire Cassidy (Proofreader), Conny Chen (Production Assistant), Josh Daniel (Managing Editor), Jonathan Epstein (Software Development Engineer), Gretchen Evanson (Office Manager), Eve Gerber (Editorial Assistant), Siân Gibby (Copy Editor), Lori Johnson (Production Designer), Jodi Kantor (Associate Editor), Kathleen Kincaid (Design Director), Michael Kinsley (Editor), Cyrus Krohn (Associate Publisher), Linda Leste (Marketing Manager), Joseph Lacson (Product Planner), Scott Moore (Publisher), Seema Pareek (Software Design Engineer), David Plotz (Washington Bureau Chief), Peter Randall (Program Manager), Oswaldo Ribas (Program Manager), William Saletan (Senior Writer), José Saura (Software Development Engineer), Jack Shafer (Deputy Editor), Igor Shames (Support Engineer), Dan Shen (Software Development Engineer), Judith Shulevitz (New York Editor), Scott Shuger (Senior Writer), Laurie Snyder (Copy Editor), JoAnne Spencer (Production Assistant), Chris Suellentrop (Editorial Assistant), June Thomas (Copy Chief), Clay Thurmond (Copy Editor), Eliza Truitt (Associate Editor), Donald Vaughn (Support Engineer), Jacob Weisberg (Chief Political Correspondent)."

"Matt Alsdorf (Editorial Assistant), Michael Brus (Editorial Assistant), Angela Claire Cassidy (Proofreader), Conny Chen (Production Assistant), Josh Daniel (Managing Editor), Jonathan Epstein (Software Development Engineer), Gretchen Evanson (Office Manager), Eve Gerber (Editorial Assistant), Siân Gibby (Copy Editor), Lori Johnson (Production Designer), Jodi Kantor (Associate Editor), Kathleen Kincaid (Design Director), Michael Kinsley (Editor), Cyrus Krohn (Associate Publisher), Linda Leste (Marketing Manager), Joseph Lacson (Product Planner), Scott Moore (Publisher), Seema Pareek (Software Design Engineer), David Plotz (Washington Bureau Chief), Peter Randall (Program Manager), Oswaldo Ribas (Program Manager), William Saletan (Senior Writer), José Saura (Software Development Engineer), Jack Shafer (Deputy Editor), Igor Shames (Support Engineer), Dan Shen (Software Development Engineer), Judith Shulevitz (New York Editor), Scott Shuger (Senior Writer), Laurie Snyder (Copy Editor), JoAnne Spencer (Production Assistant), Chris Suellentrop (Editorial Assistant), June Thomas (Copy Chief), Clay Thurmond (Copy Editor), Eliza Truitt (Associate Editor), Donald Vaughn (Support Engineer), Jacob Weisberg (Chief Political Correspondent)."

"Matt Alsdorf (Editorial Assistant), Michael Brus (Editorial Assistant), Angela Claire Cassidy (Proofreader), Conny Chen (Production Assistant), Josh Daniel (Managing Editor), Jonathan Epstein (Software Development Engineer), Gretchen Evanson (Office Manager), Eve Gerber (Editorial Assistant), Siân Gibby (Copy Editor), Lori Johnson (Production Designer), Jodi Kantor (Associate Editor), Kathleen Kincaid (Design Director), Michael Kinsley (Editor), Cyrus Krohn (Associate Publisher), Linda Leste (Marketing Manager), Joseph Lacson (Product Planner), Scott Moore (Publisher), Seema Pareek (Software Design Engineer), David Plotz (Washington Bureau Chief), Peter Randall (Program Manager), Oswaldo Ribas (Program Manager), William Saletan (Senior Writer), José Saura (Software Development Engineer), Jack Shafer (Deputy Editor), Igor Shames (Support Engineer), Dan Shen (Software Development Engineer), Judith Shulevitz (New York Editor), Scott Shuger (Senior Writer), Laurie Snyder (Copy Editor), JoAnne Spencer (Production Assistant), Chris Suellentrop (Editorial Assistant), June Thomas (Copy Chief), Clay Thurmond (Copy Editor), Eliza Truitt (Associate Editor), Donald Vaughn (Support Engineer), Jacob Weisberg (Chief Political Correspondent)."

Some fraygrants believe there's nothing to fear--this is geopolitics as usual; others find the subcontinental tests a frightening development.

"Britain was obliged to alert Chile of any development that could threaten her civil peace. I am the product of perhaps too permissive parents in that they believed, being children of the '60s, that excessive discipline and training may lead to stunted personality development in their children. This debate became inevitable when public libraries began to get wired, a development that Al Gore and Newt Gingrich both consider crucial to our country's future, and which Bill Gates has set up a foundation to support. Dick Brass, Microsoft's vice president for technology development, says that the technical hurdles of screen quality and battery life have been largely surmounted. I was then associated with the Committee for Economic Development, the least conservative of the business organizations, and we were the good guys"" to the liberal press."

"The Harris book ( The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do , by Judith Rich Harris) suggests that parents contribute nothing to the development of their children."

"Though controversial, the theory that genes and peers play pivotal roles in development cannot be dismissed."

"The long catalog essay by the Modern's chief curator, Kirk Varnedoe, is a model of its kind, covering the salient facts of Pollock's biography, artistic development, and the critical debate about him."

"At the same time, it called on the Turkish authorities ""to answer the genuine demands of the Kurdish people for more autonomy and more economic development."""

"In embryonic development, totipotent cells (ostensibly organisms) divide into pluripotent cells (ostensibly nonorganisms), which in turn divide into cells that are ""committed"" to become specific tissues."

"Accordingly, religious leaders lament this development as another instance of the Jews' perilous assimilation--if not into a Christian society then into a secular, commercial one."

"In the Oval Office, BILL CLINTON meets with advisers LEON PANETTA and HAROLD ICKES and secretary BETTY CURRIE to discuss this development."

"Two close observers of those developments are old friends Linda Tripp and LUCIENNE GOLDBERG , who is friendly with lawyers for Jones and lawyers in the office of Independent Counsel KENNETH STARR . One day, Tripp and Goldberg talk on the phone."

"Prudie, like you, is watching these developments with fascination."

"An essay contends that the Iraq attack made no sense strategically, and it won't aid our efforts to stop Saddam Hussein's weapons development."

"Microsoft's representatives have made it clear that, after development costs, the production and distribution of software displays a flat marginal cost."

Hilary Spurling's Matisse is a careful and tightly focused attempt to illuminate a painter's development.

"But in this biography, too, we learn the salient facts of an artist's development without really coming to understand how they happened."

"Asked about the U.S. response to suspicions that North Korea was engaged in underground nuclear development programs, the ambassador said that ""the US government apparently understands the serious consequences of military strikes against North Korea, similar to the attacks it conducted against Iraq."""

"The best doctors in the country either didn't notice the development of ulcer in the case of their important patient, or they themselves produced it by filling the president up with pills before the New Year."""

"Instead of trying to tame inner-city housing projects with different kinds of architecture, lower density, and income mixing, the Department of Housing and Urban Development should redefine its purpose: to help its tenants escape the ghetto."

"2. In Kenya, students protesting unrestrained development plant trees in the Kauru forest."

"(Or, as  Slate 's crack software development team puts it, in the strange argot of their tribe: ""Yeah, yeah, yeah, we're working on that."""

Time reports on a peculiar development in medical research: fake operations.

This context is also missing from the LAT front-page story on the Kosovo developments.

The development is also on the NYT front and inside at the WP .

"Back to Clinton in China: The president, reports the NYT , visited a housing development illustrating the very recent Chinese phenomenon of privately owned residences, and told families there that home ownership is an investment in society, the bedrock of middle-class life."

"This development should bolster the country's stability at least for the short-term, though the NYT says that Habibie's hold on power is still fragile."

Both the LAT and the NYT put the development deep inside.

The Washington Post leads with the World Bank's hiring of outside auditors to investigate spending from a $25 billion annual development project fund after an internal check seemed to suggest kickbacks and embezzlement.

The Times quotes DOJ antitrust chief Joel Klein applauding the development.

"Three Secret Service agents testified before a federal grand jury yesterday, and the surprisingly swift development captured the leads at all three papers--the Washington Post , the New York Times , and the Los Angeles Times . The agents were cleared to testify when Chief Justice William Rehnquist denied a last-ditch DOJ appeal to stay their testimony."

"The paper waits until the ninth paragraph to mention that, oh by the way, both of these developments are from today's issue of Nature . The Times does it right, giving Nature credit at the start of the third paragraph."

Two other developments get front coverage at USAT but are inside elsewhere: 1) The House vote to override a Clinton veto of the ban on the late-term abortion procedure involving partial vaginal delivery followed by removal of the fetus' brain.

Arrested Development

"The NYT calls the meeting a ""development fraught with danger for the president,"" while the LAT describes it as ""a special legal session known as 'Queen for a Day,'."""

"Even as the Wall Street Journal editorial page rails against the progressive income tax's bite on high-income types, the Journal 's front offers a more grounded look at big earners these days, noting a whiney new development among many professionals with annual incomes of nearly $200,000: envy of those who, thanks to booming job and stock markets, make even more."

"The NYT oversells its Iraq lead in saying that the latest developments mark ""the first time"" Saddam Hussein said he was ending all cooperation with U.N. inspectors."

The latest development is that Kenneth Starr has run afoul of a U.S.

Agency for International Development were closed and its employees moved into the city's U.S. embassy.

The paper says such a development points the way to a multitiered medical system where the quality of medical care might depend even more than it does today on a patient's wealth.

"None of the reporting mentions it, but this sort of development is sadly familiar--it was reported after the fact that the Marines' commanding officer in Beirut in 1983 had expressed grave concern to his superiors about the vulnerability of his troops to hostile forces operating in the area."

Front page pieces at the NYT and WP report new developments in the search for suspects in the African bombings.

"The Sudan plant story is the off-lead at the WP and NYT . The USAT lead also covers the latest development in the 1988 Pan Am bombing over Lockerbie, Scotland--discussed earlier in the summer as in the works by the NYT and nailed down in yesterday's LAT --that the U.S. and Britain have just decided to accept an offer once made by Moammar Gadhafi to have the two Libyan suspects in the case tried in the Netherlands under Scottish law."

"The Wall Street Journal also gives much prime space to the Russian free-fall, running besides a news story on developments, a front-page feature on the Russian barter economy, and a ""Politics and Policy"" piece on President Clinton's plans for the upcoming summit with Boris Yeltsin."

"The Washington Post front gives itself over most completely to the development, but its headlines omit the I-word."

"The big story today is what happens when blue tape meets red tape, with the House Judiciary wrangle over the release of Starr report evidence--including the Clinton video--leading at USA Today , the Washington Post , and the Los Angeles Times . The New York Times puts that story on the top front, but goes instead with Congress' likely decision to transfer control of satellite exports back to the State Dept. from the Commerce Dept., a development with its roots in a now-nearly forgotten Clinton technology-transfer-for-political-donations scandal broken last spring by the Times , a development nobody else's front page covers."

"The big story today is what happens when blue tape meets red tape, with the House Judiciary wrangle over the release of Starr report evidence--including the Clinton video--leading at USA Today , the Washington Post , and the Los Angeles Times . The New York Times puts that story on the top front, but goes instead with Congress' likely decision to transfer control of satellite exports back to the State Dept. from the Commerce Dept., a development with its roots in a now-nearly forgotten Clinton technology-transfer-for-political-donations scandal broken last spring by the Times , a development nobody else's front page covers."

I recently interviewed for a position as Software Development Manager at a company that produces shrink-wrapped packages for the corporate market.

There's no scientific or psychological basis for believing that children are affected in their sexual development or eventual sexual orientation by exposure to homosexuality--on television or in real life.

"Pointing out that ""the latest US complaint came within 24 hours of another big Chiquita donation to the Democratic Party,"" the Guardian said it supported the view of the International Institute for Environment and Development that ""trade disputes brought by governments that have received financial support from likely beneficiaries should be null and void."""

"Best tidbit: The Times says Starr's new spokeswoman ""did not return a telephone call seeking comment on Thursday's developments."""

"Hardest hit by this development were dachshund and Chihuahua breeders, whose product is often sold to kids--and without warning labels of any kind."

"4. Head of the corporation says linchpin of long-term strategic development is: ""talent, talent, talent, talent, talent."""

He and I have been going through many growth and development phases.

"A piece challenges recent findings that mothers don't harm their children's development by working as an ""affront"" to those moms who stay home or work out of necessity."

"But software development religions aside, what is an operating system like Linux doing?"

"In my experience, this is the ultimate problem with Open Source development: not enough formal engaged testing."

"The school's poor academic record has made it a frequent target of critics but, according to the Washington Post , Williams still believes it can become a magnet for economic development in its new location."

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the American Council of Learned Societies have committed funds to the development of such books.

"Nonetheless, he plunges relentlessly ahead as he details his deep involvement in the development of the story of Monicagate and the agonizingly slow revelation of the squalid behavior of President Clinton."

"Special Commission for Iraq to track Iraq's weapons development, thus destroying UNSCOM's credibility."

You get a full development system with an unlimited server-based OS.

"And just for your information, there is a ""GNU operating system"" in development, it's called the HURD and it is different in a number of respects from Unix."

"Its incredible cost stems from endless development snafus and such mind-bending design features as a surface smoothness measurable to 1/10,000 th of an inch."

"Citizens Concerned With Environmental Development. John Simpson, diplomatic editor of the BBC, wrote for the paper from the Yugoslav capital that the clearest example of this development had been in the town of Kragujevac, where workers at a car factory had been ordered to end a sit-in protest against the airstrikes because the factory was about to be targeted. There's your wacky sitcom, Mr. Bigshot development jerk. The new theory, based on subsequent studies: The frogs' development was screwed up by parasites that infected them. The religious schools, shifting their emphasis from athletics to learning (even if a large part of it is of the Biblical variety), have consistently delivered better results both in terms of educational and, I would guess, communal development, than the public schools. In Albania, the independent daily Koha Jone described it Thursday as one of the most interesting developments in the Kosovo crisis since the start of the NATO airstrikes"" and part of a Milosevic ""peace offensive"" for softening up the allies."

"The Straits Times said that, because of the Kosovo conflict and the United States' promise of a new theatre-missile defense system for Taiwan, the PLA is expected to intensify the development of intermediate or long-range missiles and military communications technology."

"A brief history rates monogamous marriage, education, employment, and improved health among the major developments in the lives of females over the last thousand years."

He reportedly said that recent developments have made territorial compromise inevitable.

"' When that something is the theft of the development codes for the entire U.S. nuclear arsenal, however, such discretion shades into dereliction of duty of the worst kind."

"For the Italian press Friday, Kosovo developments paled in significance beside a feared revival of home-grown terrorism."

"The paper said, ""[T]he development has served as a sobering reminder of Japan's inability to play a meaningful political role in the ethnic dispute."""

"He said, ""This may be Baghdad's last chance to learn lessons from the developments of the past few months and appreciate the futility of entering into a fresh stand-off with the U.S., irrespective of the justice or injustice of U.S. policy in the MidEast."""

"Under pressure from President Clinton, the leading theater trade association says it will now bar the under-17 crowd from R-rated movies; rumors have it that the MPAA will be stricter about slapping R ratings onto violent movies; Disney plans to stop featuring guns in its marketing materials; and studios have canceled the development of some teen horror movies."

"As one of the month's many activities, the Michigan State Housing Development Authority sponsored an essay and drawing contest, ""What My Home Means to Me,"" for 5- through 12-year-olds whose families purchased a home in 1998 through a MSHDA funding and loan program."

"The ""Socialized Medicine"" page exults, ""New treatments are slowing the development of acne."""

"Medical advances are made through government subsidy: directly, through tax-supported universities, or indirectly, in the form of tax write-offs for private-sector research and development."

"Though some faculty members feel McKinsey's involvement shames the academy, most think it's a healthy development for Harvard."

"Its current mission is to teach career development, community service, leadership, and balancing family and career."

"The first subscription solicitations have been mailed out by Talk magazine, marking the official return of Tina Brown, as welcome a development as the renewal of bald eagle hunting."

"While Indian newspapers reported Monday that Pakistani-backed Muslim guerrillas have started pulling out of the disputed Himalayan region of Kashmir--a development described by the Hindu as ""a dramatic victory"" for India and a ""total military rout"" for Pakistan--the Pakistani daily Dawn led Monday on planned protests by Islamic militants against the withdrawal."

A profile of Andrew Cuomo argues that he has brought his father Mario's brand of liberal zeal and moral grandeur to his post as secretary of housing and urban development.

But evisceration of patent protections could slow the development of the drugs poor countries need.

"Part of the ""mission"" of the operation is ""to help advance the personal and professional growth of the members and employees of the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation through business-driven educational development."""

"The latest developments vindicate earlier warnings that Khatami's opponents might resort to provoking acts of violence, followed by a harsh crackdown on free debate and freedom of expression, the paper said."

His authoritarian rule has prevented the emergence of future leaders and the development of strong civic and political institutions.

I have been on quite a few development teams and was waiting for a few honest comments.

"I don't know the connection, but I did hear the Disney Channel has optioned it for development."

"Ken Fisher, a professor of biomedical sciences at the veterinary college, believes that the development of a uterus is a normal part of a male beaver's genetics and embryology: But ""I wouldn't bet the farm on that,"" he says."

"One thing these postwar tract-home developments did have in abundance was kids, and considered as kid cities, they were wonderfully designed."

". its diversified Internet development and marketing business."""

"With luck and wisdom, Ankara could now end a bloody insurgency that has cost some 31,000 lives, slowed economic development and given Turkey one of the world's worst records in the human rights field."

"Although blame for this development is ordinarily pinned on states like California, greedy for attention, that have front-end-loaded the primary system, the media themselves are also to blame, along with political consultants, pollsters, and so on, all of whom have a vested interest in the ""permanent campaign"" (a concept used in a book title, if not actually invented, by Sidney Blumenthal, but not necessarily invalid for that reason alone)."

"Yesterday, the Turkish authorities criticized the poor quality of many of the buildings that have gone up in the last few years in the area affected by the earthquake, a region that has experienced heavy industrial development."

"More resources for economic development and alternative crops are the only way to quell guerrilla violence, ensure political stability, and cut drug production."

"The film ""bludgeons the audience with broad, crude, creepy developments"" (Ebert, the Chicago Sun-Times ) and lacks Williamson's usual humor and panache."

"The Aug. 17 earthquake ""sent tremors rippling through Turkey's political and social world, triggering a backlash against the traditional Turkish faith in an all-powerful state,"" reported Toronto's Globe and Mail . Although it is unlikely that the current government will be brought down by the crisis, the paper says it could lead to ""the grassroots development of Turkey's fragile democracy."

"In an entirely unrelated development, ABC and parent company Disney have come under fire for a promotion run by their KLOS-FM radio station, in which morning disc jockeys Mark and Brian offered dark gardening implements to callers."

"The findings, published in Nature , are expected to boost 1) biologically based theories of intelligence; 2) development of medicines for memory loss and Alzheimer's; 3) worries about ""designer babies"" and a superhuman race; and 4) concerns that humanlike animals will require humanlike rights."

The other 40 percent (within the 50 percent) think God has guided evolution toward human development.

That remarkable development helps to bind a portion of the electorate more tightly to the campaigns.

"Fetal programming determines adult health, according to the cover story . Studies show that low birth-weight babies may have a high risk of developing diabetes, and prenatal trauma can impede brain development."

Experts warned that Taiwan is a sign of things to come: Earthquake damage will increase everywhere with urban development and population growth.

"Gary Ackerman, D-N.Y., co-chairman of the India Caucus, saying that a resumption of U.S. arms sales to Pakistan ""would be viewed as a very negative development."""

What brings all this to mind is the recent controversy over Monsanto Co.'s development of infertile seeds--seeds that yield crops that don't reproduce so that farmers have to buy new seeds each year.

"It is one of the most significant developments in the history of the space age, said John E. Pike of the Federation of American Scientists, reacting to Tuesday's big event."

"It is one of the most significant developments in the history of the space age, said John E. Pike of the Federation of American Scientists, reacting to Tuesday's big event."

"President Jiang told the Times of London in an interview that his recent meeting in New Zealand with President Bill Clinton had been ""positive and constructive"" and ""very important for the improvement and development of China-US relations."""

A strange development occurred this week in the Australian referendum campaign on the abolition of the monarchy.

"(Strassman is in charge of business development for Votation.com, an Internet voting company, and is also the founder of the Campaign for Digital Democracy, the group behind the California ballot initiative.)"

"The movie tells two interlocking stories: The first is about Jeffrey Wigand (Russell Crowe), former vice president for research and development at the Brown & Williamson tobacco company, who is persuaded to go public with revelations about how cigarette manufacturers manipulate the chemicals in their product for maximum addictiveness."

"But that view gained momentum Friday with the judge's declaration that ""it is Microsoft's corporate practice to pressure other firms to halt software development that either shows the potential to weaken the applications barrier to entry or competes directly with Microsoft's most cherished software products."""

"The raw fact is that every successful example of economic development this past century--every case of a poor nation that worked its way up to a more or less decent, or at least dramatically better, standard of living--has taken place via globalization; that is, by producing for the world market rather than trying for self-sufficiency."

The forest fires that envelop Southeast Asia in an annual smoke cloud are set by land-hungry locals; the subsidized destruction of Amazonian rain forests began as part of a Brazilian strategy of inward-looking development.

"Le Monde of Paris, which also reported the development on its front page, said the magazine Nature is due to publish the composition of Chromosome 22 this Thursday, marking the first time that the hugely complex chemical structure of a complete human chromosome has been revealed."

"My college son developed a problem for an ethics class that revolved around a wrenchingly poor ""fictional"" country that proposed to enable slavery in return for economic development."

Boogie Nights showed that Anderson is master of camera movement and character development.

"Pundits called it a rough week for Tripp, saying the developments 1) heightened the likelihood she would stand trial and 2) expanded the evidence that could be used against her."

"The death of Franjo Tudjman, the first president of independent Croatia, was also a big story in Europe, with some commentators seeing it as a positive development for peace in the Balkans."

The campaigns against convenience gambling mark the most important development in gambling politics in years.

The development disturbs some voter education groups.

"We view anything that helps expand participation in the electoral process as a positive development, says Ben Green, director of Internet operations, Gore 2000."

"The way reproductive developments are going, it shouldn't be too long before you can look a policeman in the eye and say, ""Sir, I am entitled to this space."

"Similarly, the Moscow Times said, ""The system of succession that will guarantee the Kremlin's victory is a very positive development."

"Kids are extremely resilient, and their emotional and intellectual development can be normal even if their early childhoods are distressed."

"For this reason, Larry Makinson of the Center for Responsive Politics argues that e-fund-raising is ""the only healthy development in the campaign-finance process."""

And why is Gates going back to supervising software development?

The LAT and NYT fronts also report on these developments.

"The story does go on to point out some hopeful developments in the relationship between the two rival A-powers: at meetings in New York yesterday, their prime ministers agreed to resume high-level talks about the region in dispute between them, Kashmir, and also to set-up a communications ""hot line."""

"In other Lewinsky developments, the House Judiciary Committee set a tentative schedule for impeachment hearings."

"Amidst the developments, the NYT detects mayhem among the House Republicans."

"This development is surprising, the Times notes, because the economy is so robust."

"In more Lewinsky developments, reported all around: Another batch of Starr documents is headed to the Government Printing Office for release to the public late next week."

"The LAT front page carries a long historical narrative about the U.S.'s deliberations, in the early- to mid-1960s, over whether to bomb China to derail its development of nuclear weapons."

Another development: the successor to the Communist Party gained parliamentary strength in the vote.

"The story's headline and first paragraphs emphasize yesterday's 238 point drop in the Dow and the dip of 30-year Treasury bonds below 5 percent for the first time ever, and say that ""analysts"" see these developments as a flight from international stock markets (probably the wrong word--these days, all stock markets are international--what's meant is ""overseas"")."

"This development will force almost 250,000 patients nationwide either to enroll in a different Medicare-covered HMO, or to switch to a standard, more expensive Medicare plan."

"The LAT reports that with the development, a new political movement appears to be forming behind Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhov."

"Called the most dramatic mortage rate development since the October 1987 stock market crash, the rise is forcing consumers across the country to pay more than they anticipated, or to make last-minute changes of plan."

The New York Times and Los Angeles Times lead with the latest developments in the federal budget wrangle.

Sensitive documents dealing with American foreign policy and the Manhattan Project were given to the Soviets and may have accelerated the development of a Soviet nuclear bomb by several years.

"The big peace talk development yesterday, the papers report, is that Benjamin Netanyahu warned Yasser Arafat that he would take his delegation home if his country's West Bank security demands were not met."

"The bulk of the international loan to Brazil will come from the International Monetary Fund ($15 billion plus), and the World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank ($9 billion together)."

"The LAT says the two developments taken together ""raise the likelihood that Starr's case against Clinton could be disposed of soon."""

These developments trace back to one Manhattan strip bar's attempt to avoid Rudy's wrath by admitting minors accompanied by adults.

"Another development that has in the past served as an immediate warning of U.S. use of force: the withdrawal of nonessential State Dept. personnel and their dependents from embassies (in Israel and Kuwait), and of U.N. inspectors and humanitarian aid workers from Iraq."

"But the paper points out current U.S. officials acknowledge that no bombing campaign, no matter how extensive, can be expected to eradicate Hussein's covert weapons development efforts."

The NYT points out that neither the Gulf War nor subsequent strikes in 1993 and 1996 significantly eroded Hussein's interest in or capability for weapons development.

"In other scandal developments, carried in all papers: Independent counsel Kenneth Starr sent the House Judiciary Committee two boxes of new documents on Kathleen Willey, the former White House volunteer who has alleged that Clinton of groped her."

"In a separate development, Hillary Clinton's former law partner Webster Hubbell was slapped with a 15-count indictment yesterday by Starr, who accuses Hubbell of lying to federal regulators."

"With few major new developments in the U.S.-Iraq standoff, all papers run front-page stories on violence in Indonesia."

New developments in Iraq continue to dominate all papers' fronts.

"A major business development, AOL's nearly consummated purchase of Netscape, leads at USA Today , the Washington Post , and Los Angeles Times . The move also gets a front-page leader at the Wall Street Journal . (According to the AP, the Journal online edition and the new Newsweek broke the story.)"

"The LAT refers to the development as ""a wake-up call to tyrants around the world."""

"The Washington Post runs a story inside about its similar poll findings--nearly two-thirds of those it surveyed approve of Clinton's job performance--but leads with the warning the Clinton administration's senior national security advisors issued yesterday to Saddam Hussein: whenever necessary, the U.S. will bomb you again to prevent the development or use of gas and/or germ weapons."

The Wall Street Journal also runs a front-page leader on the development.

"The paper points out that this is a landmark development, because while experts have long claimed that nearly one-fourth of all American cigarettes sold overseas get there through smuggling rings, the companies have previously always denied allegations that top executives knew of or were involved in any such alleged illicit traffic."

"And the Times emphasizes not the hardware but the legal constraints, noting that Clinton last week wrote to Boris Yeltsin broaching the topic of renegotiating the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty the U.S. and Russia have signed so as to allow the development of the system."

"Both stories emphasize that the renewed interest in missile defense has been prompted by the rather sudden development of long-range missiles by rogue states, such as North Korea."

"The WSJ reports a new development in the music business in England, inspired by a recent rash of charges of song ripping-off--plagiarism insurance."

"An oddity in the Post story: It claims that ""for the president's weary defenders,"" the judge's remark was a ""dispiriting development."""

"The New York Times off-leads that development, but leads with a story first tipped by the Wall Street Journal yesterday, the Clinton administration's decision to reject the sale of a $450 million satellite to a Chinese business consortium because of concerns about hurting U.S. security and boosting Chinese military capabilities."

Butterfield notes that the trend appears to illustrate several unintended consequences of get-tough-on-crime developments.

"Similarly, in the mid-thirties, the Delineator 's Beauty Institute called upon eight hundred readers to be 'beauty consultants' for product development and marketing purposes."""

"That began to change in mid-century, with the development of small-arms manufacturing."

"It is a commonplace of literary history that the emergence of autobiography in the West reflects the development of the mature, individuated, self-aware self."

"She should have copped to the fact that after a single luminous, thought-provoking, and joyful coming-out episode in the spring of 1997, Ellen got lost in awkwardly orchestrated, unfunny plot developments about parents and first girlfriends."

God forbid you miss the next development in this season of peace on earth and goodwill toward men.

"At that time, Abbott's rivals at the French Pasteur Institute were browbeating every politico within lobbying range to wait for the development of a French procedure, which they promised was only weeks away."

"We Americans profess to be so concerned with kids, and education, and early brain development, and on and on, and even today working moms are subject to tremendous amounts of disapproval for supposedly compromising their children's whatever, no matter how terrific their child-care arrangements are, but now we are taking the most vulnerable kids and saying we don't care what kind of arrangements you make, just show up for your sub-minimum-wage street-cleaning job, which will hardly ever lead to a real job, and which you have to drop out of school to get to."

"However, some recent studies explore the connection between development of linguistic gender and sex/gender, and the question of anatomically determined language is fashionable.)"

"A Feminist Dictionary includes new words and new definitions; words from utopian literature suggest “what might be”; definitions are elaborate, the stated aim to stimulate research or theoretical development."

"the creature, Homo sapiens , at the highest level of animal development, characterized esp."

"For the most part, the book consists of a rewriting of history, from the dawn of time, with the purpose of demonstrating two main themes: the “fact” that women were responsible for all the important contributions to the advancement of civilization (as the development of agriculture, for instance), often despite the arrogance and stupidity of men; and the “fact” that women have long been subjected to domination by men."

"The choice between the prevailing theory and Renfrew's depends on whether one accepts a “wave” theory, first promulgated more than a hundred years ago by Johnanes Schmidt, a German linguist, or one of indigenous development."

Pottery finds can be interpreted to support either the imposition of an elite culture from Turkmenia or a late development of the Indus civilization.

"Mark had now got his first taste of women, and it was a taste that was to show many developments."

Fowler points out that the taste Mark got first was an `experience'; the taste that showed developments was an `inclination.

"Extensive works, like the Oxford English Dictionary offer far more elaborate information, including, where appropriate (and available) valuable comments on the origins of sense development."

"Wilson was head of the English department at the University of Saskatchewan, and during the thirties he gave a course on the origin and development of language."

"That part of the will was declared invalid by a judge, and the interested parties, not wishing an extensive romp in the courts, agreed to a compromise whereby the sum of ¥8,300 was set aside for the development of the new alphabet Shaw called for and for the publication in it of Androcles and the Lion . (Not utterly irrelevant here are these words on page 32 of Shaw's Everybody's Political What's What?"

"Wilson was sensitive to the growing edges of language, and he rejoiced in the ambiguities of it because they are signs of life and development."

"Subsequent deletions and additions (Postmaster General, out; Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education, in) would yield stdaiaclhhtee , not really the most pronounceable acronym, at least to speakers of English."

"Coulmas's clear exposition of the history of writing systems traces the development of various kinds of writing systems--ideographic, pictographic, morphemic, syllabic, phonemic, and phonetic--through history, discussing them individually, describing how certain ancient scripts were deciphered, and presenting his cogent arguments for regarding at least some aspects of language through the analysis of writing."

"As the speakers of various languages applied it to their needs, it became somewhat more sophisticated; the Elamites, for example, were able to economize on the number of symbols by assigning to most of them syllabic identity, a major step toward the development of alphabetic writing."

"The text is punctuated here and there by tables showing the progressive development of selected symbols (as, for example, in Sumerian), the Devanagari syllabary (in which several modern and ancient Indian languages are written), the Hebrew, Arabic, and other alphabets, Chinese and Japanese writing, and attractive drawings showing the hieroglyphic (with sound values in English orthography)."

"I strongly suspect the Germans, for instance, of having initiated--or at least aided and abetted--one of the most disturbing developments now under way in the English language: the disappearance of the verb may/might . This verb was formerly used to express possibility (or sometimes permissibility), while can had to do with ability."

Another development that worries me is the employment of plurals in an adjectival sense.

There can be no doubt whatever that with this development logical exposition could thereby become relentless.

"It was discovered--and this should no longer be any cause for wonder--that a sentence containing however could also begin with but . Moreover, but could appear directly in front of nevertheless . But this development reached its zenith with the use of but as a topper conjunction (see the beginning of this sentence); the topper but does not in reality indicate a contradiction, for it always appears at the start of a sentence which is, truth be, in harmony with preceding sentences, but rather it tops the previous statements by pointing unerringly to that which is promised by contradiction, namely illumination."

This approach reflects editorial sifting of the evidence from the citations and a subsequent presentation that best befits clarity and sense development.

"In World War II, the need for a general-purpose vehicle was satisfied with the development of a means of transportation referred to by the government with astonishing directness and candor as a general-purpose vehicle . The army, quick to abbreviate everything, began to refer to the vehicle as a g.p."

But the effect was the gradual displacement of Gaelic by the development of Scots English parallel with southern English (as the successors to the respective Anglian and Saxon mainstreams).

"Milestones, Footrocks, and Inchpebbles in the Historical Development of Formal Logic "

"The principal figure in this development was Dr. `Arris Toddle, who invented the Syllogism in Barbara, as well as those in Betsy, Patricia, and Harriet."

"The next great development in logic was carried out by the Muddyville School, also known as The Skull Ass-ticks, when they played rock music on the side to make a living."

"The most recent and, in many ways, the most exciting development in formal logic is the new field of fuzzy logic, in which precision is replaced with vagueness and truth with maybe and perhaps."

"A chronological structure would have directly juxtaposed Jespersen with Woolf and then enabled the reader to find a way through the developments in the debate, giving a more coherent picture of the broadening issues."

It is in the often hastily constructed and hastily named developments on the edges of Santa Fe that the names are most feverishly given.

"One can imagine a bulldozer operator as he blades out a road for a new development being hailed by the developer thus: “Hey, Loyd ...”"

"Personally, I like to see as much discussion of the meaning, sense development, and origin of a term as I can find, but one must sacrifice that to get a longer list of entries."

"The language of extraterrestrials merits only passing mention in Lunatic Lovers of Language, which deals with the development of artificial languages and with the search for language universals, characteristics that many (or all) languages share and that lend credence to the notion that there was only one original language from which the present stock has liverged."

"However, it would seem that, because of recent developments in court surface technology, lawn tennis , which up to 1975 was an umbrella designation for a game played on a variety of surfaces, should be restricted to the few remaining clubs, such as Wimbledon, that maintain grass courts."

But none of the early citations locates the word in Louisiana and the semantic development from the French is very difficult.

"' In this sense, the development of dude would be like that of fop . Again we see etymologists struggling with uncertainty and the educated guess."

"From the perspective of a professor of English at a noted American university (Michigan), Richard Bailey, a former president of the American Dialect Society who has long been active in English linguistics and associated with lexicography, has provided a historical view of the development of the language that concludes with a realistic assessment of its present position among the languages of the world."

"With the development of industry, yang was deleted."

"Among them are Arablish, Chinglish, Frenglish, Gerlish and Deutschlish, Italglish, Janglish and Japlish, Russlish , and Yinglish . The complex and fluid developments in the European Community, between English and eight other languages, have been labeled in at least four ingeniously pejorative ways, as Eurolish, Eurospeak, Desperanto, and Minglish (the first two also used to denote and deride Common Market bureaucratese, the third to catch the confusion that can arise among simultaneous translators)."

The hybridization of English with innumerable other languages on a one-to-one basis is a product of necessity and one of the most remarkable developments in communication that has ever taken place.

"A very recent development, of British origin, is the addition of names to monolingual dictionaries of English as a Second Language [ESL], such as the new “encyclopedic edition” of the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (1992)."

"Readers who have got this far, may be able to tackle another development without the aid of a diagram: bekex, a simple corruption of back-axle, has been in common usage since the days of the British mandate, for the mechanical expertise of soldiers of the Jewish Brigade, manhandling 30 cwt."

"Examples of words drawn into the Russian vocabulary by recent revolutionary developments are: mafia, miting `mass meeting' and its verb form mitingovat', and biznes and biznesmen in a non-pejorative sense."

"The first edition of Baugh's History was published in 1935; because so much has happened to English since then, it is fitting that its history be updated, not only to reflect more recent developments in dialect, lexicon, grammatical theory, and the universal adoption of the language as a lingua franca, but also to revise scholarship in the light of later research that either elaborates or confutes information that is now more than half a century old."

"As the result of observation over a period of many years of driving through or past suburban residential developments within a half hour of my home, I have induced principles of street taxonomy, by sheer inference, that demonstrate that streets in such places are designated by:"

"Of course these principles do not account for all the streets in a particular development and do not necessarily apply in all developments, but I cannot be responsible for a developer's ignorance of my findings or for his aberrant conduct in disregarding them."

"Of course these principles do not account for all the streets in a particular development and do not necessarily apply in all developments, but I cannot be responsible for a developer's ignorance of my findings or for his aberrant conduct in disregarding them."

"Simes gives a full account of these glossaries, and then turns to the development of dictionaries of underworld slang from the 17th century to the present."

"' This pejorative development was not extraordinary, because the word ordinary had itself taken on a debased sense."

"Now it passes as a synonym for indecent, obscene , or gross (three words that have also gone through some downward sense development)."

Subscribe to “The Electronic Publishing Forum” and keep informed about these developments for only $12.

This is our best defense against postmodern angst: To critically look at and anticipate the cultural and social changes spurred by the rapid development of technology”).

Firmage recounts the development of each letter from its first protoplastic attestation on through its often protean metamorphoses over the millennia.

"It has watched over and, in a very low-key way, guided the development of a recognisable and accepted Australian standard."

"He has witnessed it evolve through the work of many people, he has written many articles about it himself, and now he has traced its development with the precise logic of a chessmaster of language."

"It was his work that formed the basis of the linguistic studies later carried on by the brothers Grimm (Jakob Ludwig Karl, 1785-1863; Wilhelm Karl, 1786-1859), which, in turn, gave foundation to the development of the comparative method."

"I am prejudiced, I know, but while I find the use of impact as a verb an interesting linguistic development, I consider it execrable style for literate speakers and (especially) writers; yet it appears in Rose's Preface, where one can also find a transitive use for coruscate ( OED2e please note)."

Seen in this light the recent attack on the notion of language itself emerges as a natural development of his Quinian scepticism towards `meanings' and his rejection of referencebased semantic theories.

"The author also assesses the positive and negative claims made for the effects of bilingualism on children's cognitive, social and academic development, and examines the assumptions behind various language policies and programs for bilingual children."

"Cerium has its own, similar development, so that by the early 20th century all 14 lanthanides had been isolated."

"His books are many; listed on the back flap of the dustjacket of this book are the Macmillan Dictionary of Contemporary Slang, The Slang Thesaurus, Neologisms: New Words Since 1960, Slang Down the Ages: The Historical Development of Slang , and The Dictionary of Jargon ."

"It is probably true to say that an entire book could be written about this recent period in dictionary development, including not only the reflection of sound linguistic philosophy but the effects of the introduction of computers into the dictionary research, compilation, composition, and accession (as through personal computers to CD-ROMS and diskettes): certainly there is more documented information about it than the period of several hundered years covered in the first fourteen chapters of Chasing the Sun ."

"It is probably the language that has borne much of the burden in that development: the first citation for acronym in the OED , 1943, quotes American Notes and Queries , which refers to earlier, unidentified usage of the term."

"Nineteenth-Century English is an interesting if somewhat staid tracing of the development of English into a world language, though its influence today is probably owing directly more to events of the past sixty years than to the growth and spread it enjoyed during the century of colonialism."

"So, we must find other friends who can help us see that this project reaches the only reasonable conclusion for a dictionary—the letter Z. The single bright spot in our funding picture is that the Dean of the College of Letters and Science here at the UWMadison has provided DARE with a Development Specialist for three years."

"The most striking recent development has been the popularity of the “pluck yew” story, which conflates the origin of fuck with an earlier piece of folklore about the origin of the offensive backhand two-finger gesture."

Early examples force us to rethink what we thought we knew about the historical development of language.

Our Development program offers many giving opportunities to meet your company's or family's philanthropic needs to create positive change in your community.

Girl Scouting helps girls build nine personal assets which research has shown to be essential for children's healthy development and well being.

"The campaign funds will help provide a resource library, training materials and equipment; development of progressive math and science programs; and the construction of new centers at three of our camp properties."

Girl Scouting helps girls build nine personal assets which research has shown to be essential for children's healthy development and well being.

"The nine assets are known to enhance school success, educational aspirations, and the development of positive behaviors."

Starla A. Tigg Development Committee Chair

Girl Scouting helps girls build nine personal assets which research has shown to be essential for children's healthy development and well being.

"It is the one private, volunteer organization that exists to end the menace of cancer, to ease the pain of cancer victims and their families, to rehabilitate those who survive, and to enlighten and inform both the professional world and lay public about the latest developments in cancer."

"96% (173) of the 177 at-risk children enrolled in St. Mary's early childhood program demonstrated an increase in their social, emotional, physical, cognitive, speech and language development."

Pat Bray Director of Development

Valery De Long Director of Development

One of the areas we've decided to focus on is development.

The community initiatives committee is working with our development office to put together a long-range fundraising plan that will ultimately bring more money into our centers.

"Your financial support of the development process is just one step in making CCI a stronger, more efficient and ultimately more effective federation of service providers."

"70,0001 career assistance for youth Preschool for young children School Age Child Care for and children and youth Access services such as emergency and holiday assistance for all ages Adult Day Care for seniors Senior Case Management Aids Education for youth and adults Senior Social Involvement Computer Training for youth, adults and seniors Senior Nutrition meal program Day Care for young children Social Development and Recreation for children, youth and adults."

"Better yet, most of these services occur in cooperation with private and public agencies from all over the city - CICOA The Access Network, Goodwill Industries, Indianapolis Housing Agency, City of Indianapolis, Indianapolis Private Industry Council, Family and Social Services administration, OTC, Indy Parks, and numerous community development corporations, neighborhood organizations, and churches, to name just a few."

Valery De Long Director of Development

"As you begin that process this year, I would like to ask you to consider helping young people in Marion County toward more positive youth development by becoming a supporter of the Marion County Commission on Youth, Inc."

"We have met with a number of successes along the way, most notably the Summer Fun Line, the Metro Summer Bus Pass, and the development of ten neighborhood youth councils."

#NAME?

"In the last several years, the business and corporate community has recognized that the positive development of youth is directly related to the development of a competent workforce."

This money maintains the infrastructure that fosters and supports the development of effective relationships.

"It will also be used to help maintain the infrastructure that fosters and supports the development of effective relationships, including volunteer orientation and training and ongoing supervision and support by a professional staff."

"Workshops focused in YMCA initiatives around the globe such as: community development, refugee relief, teen programs, youth sports, exchanges, and much more."

The program will be evaluated using the YMCA of the USA's Youth Development Survey based on The Search Institute's Youth Asset Model.

"In the next five years, there will be significant new initiatives to organize community resources and partnerships for youth development."

YMCA leadership can influence these constructive efforts in the community to expand youth development programs.

"The Social Health Association provides, through its own teachers, age-appropriate, abstinence based, in-school programming in three different areas: human growth and development; AIDS and STD education; and life skills (conflict resolution, peer pressure, decision-making)."

*$48 will pay for one hour of programming in human growth and development or AIDS/STD education for approximately 50 students.

*$240 will pay for human growth and development programming for an entire school for approximately 500 students.

"The Social Health Association provides, through its own teachers, age-appropriate, abstinence based, in-school programming in three different areas: human growth and development; AIDS/STD education; and life skills (conflict resolution, peer pressure, decision-making)."

*$48 will pay for one hour of programming in human growth and development or AIDS/STD education for approximately 50 students.

*$240 will pay for human growth and development programming for an entire school for approximately 500 students.

Human Growth & Development

Marilyn J. Ray Director of Public Relations and Financial Development

"You can find out more about our work and environmental developments on Beacon Hill at ELM' s website, www.EnvironmentalLeague.org."

"the last precious natural areas here in Indiana are increasingly threatened by misuse, neglect, and unchecked development."

I am pleased to present the Southeast Neighborhood Development (SEND) annual report.

This shift in our neighborhood image is very satisfying after fifteen years of concerted efforts by South-East Neighborhood Development (SEND) to reverse community decline.

"SEND's redevelopment efforts have played a major role in rebirth of Fountain Square, directly investing more than $12 Million into affordable housing, commercial development, and beautification project since 1991."

I am writing to you as a donor to SouthEast Neighborhood Development (SEND) to update you on both our accomplishments and the challenges we are tackling next.

The impact of these projects will be accelerated by an economic development initiative launched this year which will enable new and existing businesses to flourish in this neighborhood.

Thank you again for your past and future support of community development on the South Side.

"Consequences of poverty include inadequate nutrition and its effects, such as the real possibility of slow mental development."

"In addition to expanded physical facilities since the completion of Science, Engineering and Technology Building Phase Two, several of the programs in the school have expanded in terms of student and faculty size; the research and development contracts with federal and state agencies and private industry exceeded one million dollars in value for the first time last year; interaction of faculty and students with the other schools on campus increased drastically in terms of joint research projects on medical imaging, computational neuroscience and biomechanics and the partnership with Naval Avionics Warfare Center and Naval Weapons Center flourished with the moving of Electronic Manufacturing Productivity Facility from California to a new facility within one mile of the main campus."

"Since the beginning of our Annual Fund in 1984, alumni have been important partners in the development of our programs."

"It has been a busy time, for we have an ambitious agenda for growth and development."

#NAME?

"From its start in 1969, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis has been a partner with its city and region in their shared growth and development."

Faculty Recruitment and Development Discretionary funds are especially needed to attract and retain faculty members.

One of the Department's initiatives is to offer support for English majors through the development of scholarship funds.

We have especially appreciated this generosity and hope you have been pleased with the growth and development of the School.

A major development of national significance has provided much prestige to the IUPUI Geography Department.

"With the support of people like you, the ill School of Dentistry has funded scholarships for deserving students, research and professional development opportunities for faculty, and a computer network for the entire school."

"We are pleased to tell you of a very exciting development with the fund, which has reached a market value of $750,000."

Danny R. Dean Director of Development

"Please return it to ""Joyce Stafford or me (Development Office, Room 202) so that we can personally thank you for your support."

Danny R. Dean Director of Development

"Checks should be made out to Indiana University Foundation and sent directly to the Development Office at IUSD, 1121 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, Attention: Danny Dean."

"Sincerely, Barry F. Smith Director of Development"

"Barry smith, IUSD Director of Development, will contact you regarding the bench when your form is received."

Many offices were able to create special staff development funds and other enhancements as a result of the campaign.

One is staff and faculty development.

And yet we all recognize the need to invest in professional growth and development.

We look forward to the support that new Development Associate Hilary S. Oberlies '85 will provide for the Annual Fund this year.

"During the current period of declining state funding for our law school, there is one outstanding development."

"The Law Library's funding is insufficient to allow for appropriate collection development and maintenance, to hire a sufficient number of employees, especially professional librarians."

"As the law school's assistant dean for development, I am especially sensitive about our efforts to create new or increased sources of income."

Joni Thompson Assistant Dean for Development

Joni Thompson Assistant Dean for Development

One of the selling points in this fall's development campaign is the level of support given by the school's alumni leaders and friends on the Alumni Association Board and the Board of Visitors.

"Specifically, you will be joining a group of distinguished foundation executives, business leaders, scholars, development professionals and volunteers in the nonprofit sector ..."

"people such as Charles A. Johnson, Vice President for Development of the Lilly Endowment, Hank Rosso, Founding Director of The Fund Raising School, Patricia Lewis, President of the National Society of Fund Raising Executives, and Milt Murray, an extraordinary fund raiser upon whom both The Center and NSFRE have bestowed their highest awards."

"This has been an eventful year for the School of Nursing -the official closing of a very successful 75th Anniversary Celebration in April, a record enrollment exceeding 5,000 students system-wide and a host of other new developments."

"Rebecca T. Markel, EdD, RN Assistant Dean/Development RTM/lv"

Dialogue with representatives of the city and other civic and community organizations regarding the IMA's development of the Art & Nature Park continues.

"John L. Krauss Trustee and Chairman, Development Committee Enclosures/"

"In additional materials I am sending you will find traditional background information on the Museum and news (in the Previews magazines) of our latest developments, scheduled programs, and special exhibitions."

"Just as the Indianapolis Museum of Art's (IMA's) year 2000 is filled with exciting developments, so, too, are your opportunities as Trustees for the Museum."

Dialogue with representatives of the city and other civic and community organizations regarding the IMA's development of the Art & Nature Park continues.

"John L. Krauss Trustee and Chairman, Development Committee"

Linda Hardwick Director of Development & Membership

"The IMA 's Development Committee will match all pledges received by December 31, 1998 dollar-for-dollar."

Linda Hardwick Director of Development and Membership

Our special exhibition features a collection formed with an ambitious aim -to document the development of modem art.

Linda Hardwick Director of Development & Membership

Linda Hardwick Director of Development & Membership

"To assist you with your contribution, please feel free to call Kathy Dannels, Director of Development, at 924-6770 ext."

"To assist you with your contribution, please feel free to call Kathy Dannels, Director of Development, at 924-6770 ext."

Patricia G. Rooney Kathryn M. Dannels Board of Trustees/Development Chairman Director of Development

Patricia G. Rooney Kathryn M. Dannels Board of Trustees/Development Chairman Director of Development

Kathryn M. Dannels Director of Development

"With a donation of $50, $100, $250 or whatever you can give to the IRT, you can play a role in the development of a young person through the educational outreach programs at the Indiana Repertory Theatre."

"Past Inner Circle briefings have been conducted by Housing and Urban Development Secretary Jack Kemp, White House Chief of Staff Sam Skinner, Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney, and Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisors Michael Boskin."

"The principle of national self-determination, urged so adamantly in the twentieth century, derives from the same source: every nation is entitled to preserve its own culture, cultivate its language, and express itself as a subject of the international community."

"It is clear that the popular culture still harbors many biases about some people being intrinsically better, entitled to greater privileges, than others."

"We may come to understand the meaning of basic rights in the context of the nation but then we are driven to see that all persons, whether members of the nation or not, are entitled to the same treatment."

"? This, however, does not qualify them or entitle them to claim authority on sociological or anthropological questions."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), entitled ""New Motor Vehicles and New Motor Vehicle Engines Air Pollution Control: Voluntary Standards for Light-Duty Vehicles; Final Rule"" (RIN: 2060-AF75)."

"However, a donation of $25 or more entitles you to official membership in the Alumni Association with the privileges thereof, including: 1) The right to vote in the upcoming Alumni Association Board Member elections (currently two members of the Class of' 84, Maureen Althert and Brian Elson serve on the Board); 2) An official Alumni Association decal and membership card; 3) A discount on Alumni Association apparel; and, 4) Eligibility for the Charity Raffle, $500 to be given to the charity of your choice."

22 The original Constitution was silent not only about who was entitled to be a citizen but also on the questions of whether only citizens and which citizens should be entitled to vote.

But that percentage still entitles the Reform Party nominee to a federal subsidy of $12.6 million in the 2000 election.

sort of would would entitle me to go to the university health services here you know and and use them and it turns out that i do think they're very they're excellent physicians there so through my wife's HMO we've registered for them as our primary care physicians

The VVV has a leaflet entitled Spiegalkwater — Arts and Antiques in Amsterdam with a list of specialist dealers with their addresses and telephone numbers.

well i i think what's happened is a lot of these state and city jobs people feel that once they get them they're entitled to them for life and they can kind of take it easy because they're protected by their unions etcetera

Non-EU nationals are entitled to a refund of the value added tax (VAT) charged on items that are purchased to be taken out of the country.

i believe in paying my share and i don't mind uh paying for some of these fringe benefits that people are entitled to but i just i just

"But the museum’s greatest pride, spotlighted in its own niche on the ground floor, is a portrait of angelic beauty, painted around 1480 by Leonardo Da Vinci, entitled The Saviour."

"The Act named seventeen people who were entitled to exercise the privileges of the incorporated company, and, further, it imposed fines for every violation of the patent."

"Yet Stein can now write: ""But I know of nothing in his behavior to me, to my family, to Israel, or to Jews in general that entitles him to anything less than my total loyalty."""

"The statute's application of the presence requirement to legal permanent residents, for example, is in some tension with the fact that those aliens are legally entitled to leave the United States temporarily without affecting their immigration status."

but then they're they're also entitled to drag it through the courts for years and years and years on appeals so somehow you know it doesn't really balance out too much

"This entitles you to a roundtrip train ticket from Shinjuku to Gora, connecting with the funicular railway up into the mountains to a cable car."

22 The original Constitution was silent not only about who was entitled to be a citizen but also on the questions of whether only citizens and which citizens should be entitled to vote.

Now it has come out that Hackworth himself was claiming two military decorations he wasn't entitled to claim: a Ranger Tab (indicating membership in a commando-style Ranger infantry unit) and a second Distinguished Flying Cross.

"In March 1995, our Office issued a report on the subject of this rule entitled ""Social Security: New Functional Assessments for Children Raise Eligibility Questions"" (HEHS-95-66)."

"Given that the universe is actually nonergodic, nonrepeating, and in macroscopically important ways, over a time scale vastly longer than the lifetime of the universe, we are entitled to broach the question of whether there might be general laws governing some or all aspects of this nonergodic behavior."

um that the well there was a guy who won in Pennsylvania uh this Senator Harris Wafford who said you know and and in this country everybody's entitled to a lawyer but not everybody's entitled to a doctor and we must spend

"He is now divorcing his wife, Marla, largely because under the terms of their prenuptial agreement, she'd be entitled to a huge chunk of his fortune if they stayed married another year."

The section entitled 'The gap estimate of cluster size' outlines the gap test for choosing the cluster size.

They are entitled to “alter or abolish” a government that departs radically from the one to which had given their consent.

um the medical benefits and whatnot that uh he was entitled to and they estimated those benefits at about forty percent of his salary

"I now have my own literary oeuvre . This entitles me to certain privileges, such as employing foreign words in my writings (see previous sentence) and living on the Upper West Side of Manhattan."

Some entities may be involved in the management and liquidation of forfeited property but not themselves be entitled to the revenue or to the use of the property.

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), entitled ""Service and Auction Rules for the 38."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on major rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), entitled ""Registration Form Used by Open-End Management Investment Companies"" (Registration Form rule) and ""New Disclosure Option for Open-End Management Investment Companies"" (New Disclosure Option rule) (RIN: 3235-AE46 and 3235-AH03)."

"In October 1997, the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection described the potentially devastating implications of poor information security from a broader perspective in its report entitled Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures."

"hours of premium pay, by type, to which the employee is entitled,"

"41314) and in the same issue, a document entitled ""Analysis Regarding The Food And Drug Administration's Jurisdiction Over Nicotine-Containing Cigarettes And Smokeless Tobacco Products"" was published and comments were requested."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission, entitled ""Access to Telecommunications Equipment and Services by Persons With Disabilities"" (FCC-96-285)."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, entitled ""Regulations Restricting the Sale and Distribution of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco to Protect Children and Adolescents"" (RIN: 0910-AA48)."

"Except as provided in sections 416, the removal of an existing affected unit or source from commercial operation at any time after November 15, 1990 (whether before or after January 1, 1995, or January 1, 2000) shall not terminate or otherwise affect the allocation of allowances pursuant to section 413 or 414 to which the unit is entitled."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, entitled ""Rules Implementing Amendments to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (Rule 203A-2)"" (RIN: 3235-AH07)."

"This conclusion does not end the inquiry, however, because the question before the Commission is not whether an alien must be physically present in the United States, but when the alien must be present in order to be entitled to LSC representation."

"A companion rule entitled ""Promoting Wholesale Competition Through Open Access Non-Discriminatory Transmission Services by Public Utilities; Recovery of Stranded Costs by Public Utilities and Transmitting Utilities"" (Docket Nos."

"The leader concluded, ""It's hard not to conclude that Turkey needs an old-fashioned, democratic, middle-class revolution, in which these new social forces would take the political power to which they are entitled."

"I am writing in response to an essay published in the most recent issue of PLoS Medicine by Deborah Hayden, entitled “Alas, Poor Yorick: Digging Up the Dead to Make Medical Diagnoses” [1]."

So Americans are entitled to surprise at Kofi Annan's deft diplomacy in Iraq last week.

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) entitled ""Amendments to Regulation X, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act: Withdrawal of Employer/Employee and Computer Loan Origination Systems Exemptions (FR-3638); and Policy Statements 1996-1 (regarding computer loan origination systems); 1996-2 (regarding sham controlled business arrangements); and 1996-3 (rental of office space, lock-outs, and retaliation)"" (RIN: 2502-AG26)."

"An editorial published this week entitled ""Media Self-Love-in"" argues that the ""pundit overlords"" are sympathetic to John McCain and Bill Bradley for just this reason."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by Department of Agriculture, entitled ""Certification Provisions of the Mickey Leland Childhood Hunger Relief Act."""

"In an inside article charmingly entitled ""Paris Finally Gets the Poop,"" the WP reports that Paris is becoming a sanctuary of ""dog toilet enclosures""--and dogs are actually using them."

But the American people are entitled to expect their government to do its very best.

"Instead, following the Introduction and constituting the book's main text is a glossary of some 335 terms entitled “Anglish-Yinglish Dictionary."

"Even though we are legally entitled to this information, as a matter of comity, we are scaling back the records we are requesting to exclude these two items of information."

"When I request a discount to which I am entitled owing to my advanced age, I ask for the fogy discount or rate . When in England, I request the rate for wrinklies and delight in watching people squirm."

"Attached you will find a document entitled ""Access to Records."""

"(Bob Dole once said of him, ""You spend five years in a box and you're entitled to speak your mind."""

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), entitled ""Competitive Bidding Procedures"" (WT Docket No."

"In The Independent of 8 September 1990, the same page contained not only the Jan Morris article but a review entitled Duty and the Beast, another in which the author lambastes a historian who has left unread those things he ought to have read, so there can be little trust in him, and yet another in which Anthony Quinn writes about the gripes of Roth."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency, entitled ""Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Certification Standards for Deposit Control Gasoline Additives"" (RIN: 2060-AG06; FRL# 5528-5)."

"Now even politicians are entitled to a private life, as President Clinton noted last night, and (as he didn't note) that includes the right to vacation in August."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, entitled ""Importation of Beef from Argentina"" (RIN: 0579-AA71)."

"A February Newsweek cover story entitled ""Corporate Killers"" listed just about every large layoff by a major corporation over the last five years."

"From a human rights perspective, people are entitled to live in and receive care in the community not because it is more efficient, but because all human beings develop their identities within social contexts, and have rights to work and study, as well as be with family and friends."

") And while it's pleasant to think of 2Pac sitting around, pondering whether to stay or depart this world--""To pack or not to pack, that is the question""--the best evidence against the faked-death theory is the album itself, credited to Makaveli and cumbersomely entitled The Don Killuminati/The 7 Day Theory . It indicates, frankly, that Pac/Mak didn't have that much imagination."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), entitled ""Individual Market Health Insurance Reform: Portability From Group to Individual Coverage; Federal Rules for Access in the Individual Market; State Alternative Mechanisms to Federal Rules"" (RIN: 0938-AH75)."

"The senator is, of course, entitled to apply his own interpretation of the Bible to his personal life."

"Part and parcel of that agreement was an understanding that the H-2 workers would be entitled if they otherwise qualified, and only if they otherwise qualified, to legal services representation, because without that, the protections contained for those workers, the housing protections, the domestic, the transportation protections, the piecework rate and adverse impact wage rates protections become utterly meaningless."

"The way reproductive developments are going, it shouldn't be too long before you can look a policeman in the eye and say, ""Sir, I am entitled to this space."

", inspections by the Office of Surface Mining) or compliance with regulations for the conduct of a Federal program--are recognized as nonexchange revenue by whichever entity is legally entitled by law to the revenue."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Service, entitled ""Child and Adult Care Food Program: Improved Targeting of Day Care Home Reimbursements"" (RIN: 0584-AC42)."

"Shocking as it may seem, Whitehead actually plagiarized the title of his major work, Principia Mathematica, from Newton, whose major work was also entitled Principia Mathematica . Newton, however, plagiarized his title from Machiavelli, whose major work, II Principe Mathematice , laid the groundwork for all future studies in quantitative political science."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), entitled ""Addition of Facilities in Certain Industry Sectors; Revised Interpretation of Otherwise Use; Toxic Release Inventory; Community Right-to-Know"" (RIN: 2070-AC71)."

"In the case of unmarried couples, on the other hand, the survivor is entitled to nothing unless the deceased specifically wills it to him or her."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), entitled ""Emission Standards for Locomotives and Locomotive Engines"" (RIN: 2060-AD33)."

"If Starr had similarly sued Blumenthal for libel or slander instead of calling him before the grand jury (where, among other things, you're not entitled to have a lawyer present during questioning), we'd have a different story on our hands."

These modified protocols are described in the section of this document entitled Office of Special Investigations.

"This month's Talk features a charming six-page travel section entitled ""Chasing Mr. Ripley,"" a tour of Italy keyed to the locations used in The Talented Mr. Ripley , the movie everyone's talking about."

"In short, an examination of the language of the presence requirement and the statutory context in which it arises raises a number of interpretive problems and fails to resolve the question of when an alien must be present in the United States in order to be entitled to legal services representation."

"On even less evidence he speculates that Exley may have had homosexual leanings, to which readers may feel entitled to ask: Doesn't everyone?"

The starting point for the development of a human-rights based policy on mental health is that mentally ill individuals are full human beings who are entitled to rights.

"When, seven years back, I started writing an English language column entitled English Corner in a well-known Malayalam magazine for students and candidates, it became evident, from the letters of my readers, that most of them wanted to know how to ask such a question."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), entitled ""Non-U.S."

"Last week, the French weekly L'Express had a cover story entitled ""Cinema: How To Fight Back Against America."""

The information collection is entitled Auction Forms and License Transfer Disclosures.

"The Republicans may be the Stupid Party, but surely every organization is entitled to seek certain goals and to expect its members to pursue those goals."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), entitled ""Foreign Participation in the U.S."

"Her father was a parvenu who used to be a bon vivant and the enfant terrible of his clique but became a laissez-faire entrepreneur in the entrepôt business and then accepted a post as a chargé d'affaires, which entitled him to a UN laissez-passer, (working to improve detente, and rapprochement with the ancien régime), though he remained a bit of a roué, having an affaire with the au pair."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Social Security Administration (SSA), entitled ""Supplemental Security Income; Determining Disability for a Child Under Age 18; Interim Final Rules with Request for Comments"" (RIN: 0960-AE57)."

"But I know of nothing in his behavior to me, to my family, to Israel, or to Jews in general that entitles him to anything less than my total loyalty."

"In January 2000, the LSC Board of Directors adopted a strategic planning document entitled Strategic Directions 2000-2005."

"Among the scholarly pioneers was George R. Stewart, whose considered reflections are collected in standard works entitled Names on the Land (1945, revised 1958 and 1967) and American Place-Names (1970)."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, entitled ""Medical Devices; Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) Final Rule; Quality System Regulation"" (RIN: 0910-AA09)."

"Comments made by senators in breaks from yesterday's continuous palavering suggest that the fast track proposal is, in the words of the NYT , ""foundering,"" with a number of Senate Republicans bucking their leadership to complain that the House managers are entitled to more time to make their case against President Clinton."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), entitled ""Compensation for Disability Resulting from Hospitalization, Treatment, Examination, or Vocational Rehabilitation"" (RIN: 2900-AH44)."

But wait--what entitles me to assume that consumer demand will rise enough to absorb all the additional production?

#NAME?

"Wade , ruled that the woman was entitled to ""exclusive control over the fate of her nonviable fetus."""

"In April 2001, just beyond the reporting period, LSC held a three-day conference in Hershey, Pennsylvania, entitled ""Creating Client-Centered State Communities of Justice""."

"The case attracted national attention because she claimed that her contributions to his career--maintaining their home, entertaining his associates, advising him on personnel--constituted a business partnership entitling her to half his alleged $100-million-plus worth, instead of the lesser percentage usually awarded to ex-wives of multimillionaires."

"In October 1997, the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection described the potentially devastating implications of poor information security from a broader perspective in its report entitled Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures."

"Vaughan Williams's chilly symphony that developed out of his music for the “British hero” movie Scott of the Antarctic (1948) was actually entitled Sinfonia Antartica (1953), which seems rather perverse."

"Don't you think she's entitled to have a lawyer to get a temporary restraining order from this guy?"""

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission, entitled ""Revision of the Commission's Rules To Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Systems (Wireless E911 Rules)"" (FCC-96-264)."

"Further, NIST has issued numerous Federal Information Processing Standards, as well as a comprehensive description of basic concepts and techniques entitled An Introduction to Computer Security: The NIST Handbook, Special Publication 800-12, December 1995, and Generally Accepted Principles and Practices for Securing Information Technology Systems,3 published in September 1996."

GAO's modified protocols related to investigations are explained in greater detail in the separate section of this document entitled Office of

"It is no wonder, therefore, that the Declaration of Independence would assert that the American people were equally entitled, with all other nations, to determine their form of government."

"God is mentioned only as “nature’s God,” by virtue of which every people is entitled to “a separate and equal station” in the community of nations."

"African Americans were part of the public, and they should be entitled, as a matter of equality with others, to have access to public transport, theaters, and hotel accommodations."

and i agree to a point i agree with how the system works in some respects in other ways i don't for first time offenders everybody's entitled to screw up once we'll give them the early release credits we'll give them the good time credits we'll give them the early parole

"Among the collection are 20 works by Rembrandt, including The Nightwatch, properly entitled The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq and Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenburch."

"Little do they know that the Pirate Queen, a beautiful and ruthless young Malay woman (bearing a suspiciously plagiaristic similarity to a Pirate Queen in a film cribbed from a book entitled Your LIFE Story by someone else) determined to protect her heritage, will interfere with their plans."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by Federal Communications Commission (FCC), entitled ""Amendment of Parts 2 and 15 of the Commission's Rules to Deregulate the Equipment Authorization Requirements for Digital Devices"" (ET Docket No."

"You will also be entitled to special discounts on books, audiotapes, and videotapes from the Institute and a reduced rate to participate in our Ethical Fitness TM Seminars."

"The drafters implicitly endorsed the principle that all men are created equal and because they are created equal, they are entitled to equal treatment before the law."

"In practice, how could the government hope to destigmatize food stamps for the former group but not for the latter group (who are, under law, also entitled to them)?"

The notion that particular groups are entitled to congressional representation merely as groups eventually runs squarely into the principle that in a democratic system individuals vote not as representatives of groups but solely as individuals.

"The WP and LAT off-lead, and the NYT goes above the fold with yesterday's decision by the Vermont Supreme Court that gay and lesbian couples are entitled to the same legal benefits and protections enjoyed by heterosexual married couples."

They thought as landowners they were entitled to use their land to house and slaughter animals as the market required.

"My high-minded self desperately wants to begin our week with an in-depth discussion of the troubling article on the back page of this morning's Wall Street Journal entitled ""Drop in Food-Stamp Rolls Is Mysterious and Worrisome."""

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by Federal Communications Commission, entitled ""Policies and Rules Concerning Children's Television Programming/Revision of Programming Policies for Television Broadcast Stations"" (FCC 96-335; MM Docket No."

i do not think one appeal is everybody's entitled to one appeal

"Entering the park from St. Stephen’s Green North you will come across the Wolfe Tone memorial opposite the famous Shelbourne Hotel (1824), and behind it a work entitled Famine, both by sculptor Edward Delaney."

"But if “any form of government” should be perceived as “destructive” toward these ends, then the people that originally gave their consent are entitled to withdraw it."

"After all: ""He was a booster !"" Seizing on a loophole in Catholic dogma, the Bishop plans to reconsecrate his church so that anyone who passes through its archway will be officially cleansed of sin and entitled to enter heaven."

The H-2A workers' presence in the United States under the temporary worker visa entitled them to LSC eligibility.

right course you know they're they're entitled to a speedy trial

"There are similar questions answered in the section entitled Curious and Interesting Facts, and the chapter called I've Made Up a Word contains some interesting material."

Revenue is recognized as nonexchange revenue by the entity that is legally entitled to use the revenue or to use the property itself.

Phil entitled his article relevant to this issue of emergence “More Is DiVerent.”

well and and if you consider the fact that with with all the the federal lawsuits that went on and all the standards that there are for how you can and cannot treat prisoners and and what they're entitled to have

"Surely lawyers, no less than other artisans, are entitled to their little conceits, a grace note here, a furbelow there."

"It is hard to ""break down stovepipes"" when there are so many stoves that are legally and politically entitled to have cast-iron pipes of their own."

well it just it's it's it's so discouraging that they can't really i mean they're entitled to more than they've been able to do so far

"In the book that he did write on the case, which was entitled Uncovering Clinton , Isikoff claimed that Tripp ""invented"" this conversation with him, If she did, it is curious that Tripp knew the precise title of Isikoff's planned book; moreover, Tripp was obviously not lying about her own interest in writing a book."

"It tells you that food stamps are respectable, that you're a fool not to go down and claim what you're entitled to."

"And in a subsequent press release issued the same day, entitled ""Can We Trust Bill Bradley To Keep the Economy Strong?"""

"Annan is entitled now to have the US pay up its accumulated arrears to the world body."""

But a clever or phonetic spelling of a common descriptive word does not entitle you to own it as a trademark.

"This mirrors Clinton's favorite domestic policy spin: arguing that Americans are ""entitled"" to assistance or protection (e.g."

"One is entitled to speculate on what outrageous proposal the narrator had made in Proust's Remembrance of Things Past, Vol. 2—Cities of the Plain (translated by C. K. Scott Moncrieff—Modern Library, N.Y., 1934, Page 90) to cause the Duchess to say, “Apart from your balls, can't I be of any use to you?”"

"(The sections on McCain have been culled for a separate paperback, just issued, entitled John McCain: An American Odyssey .)"

Bradley agrees that a candidate who has been criticized is uniquely entitled to respond in kind.

"The first, “Speech and Silence,” has Woolf as its starting point and includes Cora Kaplan on “Language and gender” as well as two French extracts from Annie Leclerc on “Woman's word” and an interview with the leading French psychologist Luce Irigary entitled “Woman's exile.”"

"The statement in my article, ""I know of nothing in his behavior to me, to my family, to Israel, or to Jews in general that entitles him to anything less than my total loyalty,"" is quite precise."

"The LAT lead reports that White House advisors are considering whether President Clinton should make a fresh public comment on the matter and USAT says there is ""speculation"" (not the best phrase--the reader's entitled to know whose speculation we're talking about here) that Clinton might even make a deeper public apology before leaving for the Middle East on Saturday."

"Under an interpretation that the claim must arise while the worker was in the United States, unscrupulous employers would be able to exploit the system by, for example, failing to mail a final paycheck or 3/4 guarantee payment after the H-2A worker left the country, with knowledge that the worker would not be entitled to legal representation on the claim."

A last ditch defense effort to portray MaîtreCrèche as a peasant ignorant of France's tough laws on the use of such expressions backfired when the prosecution unveiled a book found in the defendant's office entitled 108 Franglaish Expressions That Can Get You Put in Jail If You Use Them In This Country.

"These discussions, which are summarized in the section entitled ƒCurrent Federal CIO Environment,≈ helped us identify similarities and differences in the CIO management practices of federal versus leading organizations."

"The op-ed page in today's WP ""Outlook"" features a piece by none other than British Prime Minister Tony Blair, entitled ""Third Way, Better Way."""

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission, entitled ""First Report and Order: Interconnection and Resale Obligations Pertaining to Commercial Mobile Radio Services"" (FCC-96-263)."

"Back when the Zulu king was entitled to more than 100 women, coughing or spitting at his dinner table was punishable by death."

"H-2A workers are legally entitled to work only for their designated employer, and thus are uniquely dependent upon their employer for their right to work and remain in the United States."

"Makobane was criticized for his action, as was Bill Clinton, who was judged to have characteristically grabbed something to which he was not entitled."

Many outlets still were not sure whether they were indeed entitled to sell SP over-the-counter.

"That delirious transcript is part of the story of the triumph of refined sugar over old-fashioned honey that takes up almost half of Sidney Mintz's new book, Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom: Excursions Into Eating, Culture, and the Past . Mintz, an anthropologist at Johns Hopkins University and author of Sweetness and Power (a more detailed look at sugar and its meaning), also explores other topics, ranging from the broader relationship between political power and food to more idiosyncratic excursions such as the chapter entitled ""Color, Taste, and Purity: Some Speculations on the Meanings of Marzipan."""

These modified protocols are articulated in the sections of this document entitled Testimony and Office of Special Investigations.

"In the sixteenth century, an Elizabethan courtier, Sir John Harrington, invented a water-closet with a flushing system and wrote a book on the subject entitled A Metamorphosis of Ajax, published in 1596."

"Similarly, DOT's home page (http://www.dot.gov) includes a link to ""Dockets, Rules & References,"" and DOL's home page (http://www.dol.gov) contains a link entitled ""Laws & Regs."""

Orrin Hatch said Americans are entitled to know about felonies committed by a candidate.

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by Department of Agriculture, entitled ""Food Stamp Program: Child Support Deduction."""

"To stand as an independent in 2004, he needs to make sure the Reform Party gets at least 5 percent of the vote in 2000, which would entitle it to a public subsidy once again."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission, entitled ""Flexible Service Offerings in the Commercial Mobile Radio Services"" (WT Docket No."

"Edley and Franklin are entitled to their views, which may even be correct."

"The files are entitled 'EtOH.txt', 'SwiSnfMin.txt'and 'SwiSnfRich.txt', and 'Zinc.txt'."

"Context, of course, enables us to distinguish between this and the other meaning of entitle , `give (someone) a right'; it is hard to see where the two meanings would conflict."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, entitled ""Securities Credit Transactions; Review of Regulation T, 'Credit by Brokers and Dealers'"" (RIN 7100-AB28)."

"The following account of Mr. John Coutts and his family were [sic] communicated by the earl of Dundonald to the editor of the Morning Post, in refutation of anecdotes published in a pamphlet, entitled “Life of Thomas Coutts,” &c."

Its MC+ Project helps people who are enrolled in the Medicaid Managed Care program but have been unable to access the health care to which they are entitled.

"In short, my correspondents are not entitled to their self-righteousness."

Opposing litigants and H-2A employers could prolong the legal process simply by refusing to return legal service attorneys' phone calls or delaying provision of records to which the worker was entitled to ensure that the H-2A worker left the United States before a dispute could be resolved.

"Like a regular Slate subscription, a one-year gift subscription also entitles the subscriber to an attractive Slate -logo umbrella."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, entitled ""Pathogen Reduction: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems"" (RIN: 0583-AB69)."

"However, nonworking spouses (who never paid Social Security taxes because they didn't have an income to be taxed) are entitled to Social Security benefits and Medicare based on the contribution of their spouses."

"19 The President's proposal entitled The Department of Homeland Security, President George W. Bush, June 2002."

"Low-income workers, especially, have been reluctant to sign up for the benefits to which they are legally entitled."

"The statute's application of the presence requirement to legal permanent residents, for example, is in some tension with the fact that those aliens are legally entitled to leave the United States temporarily without affecting their immigration status."

The traditional lawyer's defense--that the Constitution entitles everyone to legal representation--hardly cuts it here either.

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation, entitled ""Light Truck Average Fuel Economy Standard, Model Year 1998"" (RIN 2127-AF16)."

"The Vermont Supreme Court ruled this week that gay couples are entitled to the same ""benefits and protections"" as heterosexual married couples."

"Land data are included in a separate section of this information entitled ""Stewardship Land."""

"¹The first anthology was entitled Pubs, Place-Names and Patronymics: Selected Papers of the Names Institute, edited by E. Wallace McMullen (FDU, 1980. Covers 1962-1979.) and is still in print."

"As previously noted, GAO follows modified protocols for testimonies, which are described separately in the section of this document entitled Testimony."

A great innovator is entitled to some poetic license.

OMB publishes the hierarchy in its bulletin entitled Form and Content of Agency Financial Statements.

"He was the subject of a biography entitled (I regret to say), Flushed with Pride . On the wall of my bathroom is a page reproduced from The Contractor's Compendium of 1892 which illustrates and describes three products of Crapper & Co.'s works, situated in Marlborough Road, Chelsea."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission), Department of Energy, entitled ""Open Access Same-Time Information System and Standards of Conduct"" (Docket No."

"Sometimes the shift comes about through the omission of a word: in a recollection entitled Master Malaprop [VII,2], James Higgins describes a newspaper editor who made such proclamations as A hand in the bush is worth two ."

"When Shane Massello realized his former landlord was not going to return a security deposit he believed he was entitled to, his first thought was to go to court for the money."

Bill is entitled to do whatever he wants with his cash.

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Health Resources and Services Administration, entitled ""Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network"" (RIN: 0906-AA32)."

"In the musical The Pajama Game , the big dance number, ""Once a Year Day,"" has the lyrics ""Everyone's entitled to be wild, be a child, be a goof, raise the roof,"" at which point the entire chorus raises a ""two-armed palms-skyward pump."""

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), entitled ""Unlicensed NII Devices in the 5 GHz Frequency Range"" (ET Docket No."

One conflict: What royalty are writers entitled to?

"Because of its statutory access authority, GAO generally does not sign a nondisclosure or other agreement as a condition of gaining access to sensitive or proprietary data to which it is entitled."

"Follow up: Yesterday, in discussing the Supreme Court ruling that physically disabled children are entitled to the provision of publicly-funded continuous classroom care, this space wondered how it was that none of the papers covering the decision seemed at all curious about how the disabled boy in the case could have been paralyzed in a motorcycle accident as a four-year-old."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), entitled ""Accidental Release Prevention Requirements: Risk Management Programs Under Clean Air Act Section 112(r)(7)"" (FRL #5516-5, RIN: 2050-AD26)."

"Stanley Mason, in his “Little Waterloos on Europe's Language Frontiers” [XVII, 3], cites the case of a Swiss mountain railway ticket which entitled the holder to `1 Fahrt Fr. 9,50' as an indication of the high cost of living in Switzerland."

"Following is a summary of stewardship data for the program entitled, Transition Training for Former Navy Contractor Personnelo, for the 5 fiscal years ending September 30, 199V through 199Z:"

"In January, 1995, before the Post -Fannie Mae cultural freebies began, the Post gave prominent play to a tough two-part series by David Vise, entitled ""The Money Machine: How Fannie Mae Wields Power."""

"One such related link, entitled ""Electronic Rulemaking,"" identified several electronic rulemaking initiatives across the federal government (e.g."

"Hackworth wrote in Newsweek , ""It is simply unthinkable an experienced officer would wear decorations he is not entitled to, awards that others bled for."

"Treasury, Internal Revenue Service; Department of Labor, Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration; and the Department of Health and Human Services, Health Care Financing Administration; entitled ""Interim Rules for Mental Health Parity"" (RIN: 1545-AV53; 1210-AA62; 0938-AI05)."

"Other books, written with his brother, deal with other aspects of language; in addition to two novels, he has written five books on politics among which-- curiously--is not included his Dictionary of Politics , entitled Safire's New Political Dictionary in its later incarnations."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), entitled ""National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Category: Pulp and Paper Production; Effluent Limitations Guidelines, Pretreatment Standards, and New Source Performance Standards: Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Category"" (RIN: 2040-AB53)."

"For example, EPA's home page (http://www.epa.gov) has a link called ""Legislation & Regulations,"" which leads to another link entitled ""Regulations and Proposed Rules."""

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission entitled ""Revision of Fee Schedules; 100% Fee Recovery, FY 1966"" (RIN 3150-AF39)."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), entitled ""Respiratory Protection"" (RIN: 1218-AA05)."

"There may be debate about which groups of people constitute nations entitled to self-determination and representation in the international community, but the principle seems to be accepted by all."

It is not only our nationals who are entitled to these basic human rights.

"A very telling point in such disputes is that those who speak a dialect other than Standard (which we persist in putting in quotation marks because it continually changes, both temporally and geographically) are condemned to accept work that is below a level, socially and economically, to which they aspire and to which they feel they are entitled, at least from the standpoint of opportunity."

um that the well there was a guy who won in Pennsylvania uh this Senator Harris Wafford who said you know and and in this country everybody's entitled to a lawyer but not everybody's entitled to a doctor and we must spend

The crowd here is young — very young — and the general rule is that one cover charge entitles you to all you can drink.

examine an extension of this philosophy entitled Global Persistent

"On Friday afternoon, the conference agenda consisted of thematic discussions or mini-sessions that provided an exposition of the state planning concept, entitled, ""Breaking the Concept into Parts -Client-Centered, Comprehensive, Integrated, Statewide."""

"As an Indiana resident supporting IU, you are entitled to a credit against your State taxes for your gift."

"The term ""life-of-the-unit, firm power contractual arrangement"" means a unit participationpower sales agreement under which a utility or industrial customer reserves, or is entitled to receive, a specified amount or percentage of capacity and associated energy generated by a specified generating unit (or units) and pays its proportional amount of such unit's total costs, pursuant to a contract either-"

"When you join the Center as a Charter Associate with a gift of $50 or more, you are entitled to many privileges, including a beautiful Charter Associate Certificate you'll be proud to hang in your office and a copy of our National Board of Visitors' prestigious publication Annual Report on the State of Philanthropy."

I am going to show you a clip from a video entitled The Emergency Physician and the Problem Drinker: Motivating Patients for Change.

you know i just feel entitled to it and i take it

The prostitutes are entitled to regular health checks and are expected to pay taxes on their earnings — yet another example of the Dutch people’s trademark pragmatic approach when it comes to tackling society’s difficult issues.

Would the controlling feature of the butchers living in Louisiana be their membership in the polity called the United States or their status as “persons” entitled to due process and the equal protection of the laws?

And a girl is certainly entitled to make herself over.

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), entitled ""Inspection and Expedited Removal of Aliens; Detention and Removal of Aliens; Conduct of Removal Proceedings; Asylum Procedures"" (RIN: 1115-AE47)."

oh yeah i i feel that everyone is everyone is um entitled to a trial by jury that that that right should

The VVV has a leaflet entitled Spiegalkwater — Arts and Antiques in Amsterdam with a list of specialist dealers with their addresses and telephone numbers.

"It follows, supposedly, that the colonists were entitled to withdraw their consent to the government of King George III."

i've never uh really been sure that a juror is entitled to ask a question

We are entitled to conclude that parents don't consider redistributing income to be terribly important.

But he's entitled to have a public defender ...

does your work entitle uh anything in environmental along these lines

The Flytrap authorities are winning: The List entitles you to stand in the hall outside the third-floor grand jury room (everyone else must wait on the first floor).

"The human capital outputs and outcomes should be the same as those measured for the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) and the budget and could be reported in a Statement of Program Performance Measures as described in Appendix 1-F to the concepts statement entitled, Entity and Display, SFFAC No."

The most that one could say is that they never consented and that therefore when they matured and reached the age of consent they were entitled to say no.

"20 More important, the 1787 pact sought to equalize the legal status of citizens across the country by guaranteeing that “the Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.”"

"The Murrieta legend has also been written by Latinos and Europeans, and Pablo Neruda, the Nobel Prize winner, wrote an opera about Murrieta entitled Splendor and Death of Joaquín Murrieta, insisting that Joaquín was actually Chileno and not Mexican."

The text does not tell us that all people over the age of twenty-one should be entitled to vote but leaves it up to each state to decide who shall be able to vote “for the most numerous branch of the state legislature.”

We are entitled to ask whether there may be general laws governing such nonequilibrium self-constructive processes in biospheres and the universe as a whole.

"The Confederate loyalists could well argue that as their grandfathers had consented to the Union, they were entitled to withdraw their consent."

"8 The Act was entitled: “An act to protect the health of the city of New Orleans, to locate the stock-landings and slaughter-houses, and to incorporate the Crescent City Live-Stock Landing and Slaughter-House Company.”"

"In short, an examination of the language of the presence requirement and the statutory context in which it arises raises a number of interpretive problems and fails to resolve the question of when an alien must be present in the United States in order to be entitled to legal services representation."

"He wrote to them, “We are not entitled to our salaries without a nihil account transmitted quarterly for our proceedings.”"

"The principal legislative history accompanying the Act16 chronicled the different access problems GAO had encountered in obtaining records to which it was legally entitled, including ƒserious access to records difficulties at the White House."

"In the city of Haarlem an English teacher by the name of G. Nolst Trenité, who also wrote articles under the pen name Charivarius, published a little booklet entitled Drop Your Foreign Accent."

"However, it was not immediately apparent how to locate that page from the HHS home page; the user had to click on ""HHS Agencies"" and, at the ACF web page, use a ""dropdown menu"" entitled ""Select a Topic"" within which the ""Regulations Currently Open for Comment"" page is located."

"Weak trademarks are more difficult to establish, and they are entitled to narrower protection than strong ones."

"Last year's report, entitled “AIDS Vaccine Trials—Getting the Global House in Order,” officially ends the countdown."

"For example, we may agree with pro-lifers that abortion is wrong while agreeing with pro-choicers that people are entitled to make their own reproductive decisions."

The petitioning state is entitled to relief if EPA finds that the sources are significantly contributing to the petitioning state's nonattainment problem.

"A squib inside the NYT ""Week in Review"" promisingly entitled ""Burping Cows and Space Toilets."

"Department of Labor, Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration; and the Department of Health and Human Services, Health Care Financing Administration (the Departments) entitled, ""Interim Rules for Health Insurance Portability for Group Health Plans"" (RIN: 1545-AV05, 1210-AA54, and 0938-AI08)."

"He blamed President Clinton ""for not appointing a real warlord,"" and asked: ""Are the peoples of the NATO states, whom the President and the Prime Minister have committed to this lacklustre war not entitled to ask for someone who can match Milosevic in single-mindedness and strength of character?"""

"This conclusion does not end the inquiry, however, because the relevant question is not whether an alien must be physically present in the United States, but when the alien must be present in order to be entitled to LSC representation."

The famous writer Lusun in his prose entitled Fe Er Pe Lai Ying Gai Huan Xing used the phrase fair play ; the title translates into No Fair Play Now .

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by Environmental Protection Agency, entitled ""Final Regulations for Revisions to the Federal Test Procedure for Emissions from Motor Vehicles"" (RIN: 2060-AE27)."

A root cause of this problem is the logically reasonable but in reality fallacious contention that what you cannot find in a dictionary you are entitled to find in a grammar and-- nota bene! --vice versa.

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, entitled ""Importation of Pork from Sonora, Mexico"" (RIN: 0579-AA71)."

"The WP apparently decided that enough time had passed to entitle it to publish an article looking at the Kennedy/Bono deaths' lighter side, about wacky fatalities caused by trees."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Services, entitled ""Contracts Under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act"" (RINs: 1076-AD21 and 0905-AC98)."

"I am not, however, in a position to decide whether the odd $5 bill given by Mr. Johnson out of his own pocket should be lumped with that money belonging to other people that he would spend--or whether it would entitle him to compete against Bill Gates' $27 million in the Slate 60 rankings."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Agriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), entitled ""Environmental Quality Incentives Program"" (RIN: 0578-AA19)."

Jeremy Boorda was wearing two medals he wasn't entitled to wear.

"They are entitled to see some standards for performance so they can judge, with the help of their elected representatives, whether the objectives are being met."

"Rush Limbaugh, Ollie North, and Gordon Liddy made hay of the story, and several congressional Republicans demanded investigations, thereby entitling the mainstream press to wade in."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission, entitled ""Amendment to the Commission's Rules Regarding a Plan for Sharing the Cost of Microwave Relocation, First Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making"" (WT Docket No."

"Amid all the triumphant rhetoric about the orderly transition from welfare to work, it seems that many people who are still entitled to food stamps aren't getting them for reasons that include ignorance, new state restrictions, and the general down-with-the-welfare-state ethos of the age."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services, Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), entitled ""Medicare Program; Schedule of Per-Beneficiary Limitations on Home Health Agency Costs for Cost Reporting Periods"" (RIN: 0938-AI84)."

"The Oscars begat the Emmys, which begat the Cable Ace Awards, of which there are so many that any cable TV employee who actually attends the ceremony is entitled to leave in a snit if he or she doesn't win one."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), entitled ""Disclosure of Accounting Policies for Derivative Financial Instruments and Derivative Commodity Instruments"" (RIN: 3235-AG42/RIN: 3235-AG77)."

"It is not my normal practice to respond to unfavorable reviews of my books, since obviously a reviewer is entitled to his or her own views, attitudes and prejudices when assessing a work."

"The purpose of Legal Services is not to give something to the poor other than the justice that every person is entitled to."""

"To honor the source of its inspiration, should we perhaps entitle it “Bardling,” or how about “Bardoubling”?"

Recently PLoS Medicine published our paper entitled “Designing Equitable Antiretroviral Allocation Strategies in Resource-Constrained Countries” [1].

"If, for instance, there was prima facie evidence that President Clinton had discussed Iraq moves with Lewinsky, then by the same logic that got us here, Ken Starr would be entitled to question her about that too."

"The resulting paper, entitled ""Strategy for Eliminating the Threat from the Jihadist Networks of al Qida: Status and Prospects,"" reviewed the threat and the record to date, incorporated the CIA's new ideas from the Blue Sky memo, and posed several near-term policy options."

"Still, this is a book whose bibliography includes monographs entitled Private Tooth Decay as Public Economic Virtue and tomes such as The History and Social Influence of the Potato --so the rest of it is still loaded with nuggets worth finding."

"Further, NIST has issued numerous Federal Information Processing Standards, as well as a comprehensive description of basic concepts and techniques entitled An Introduction to Computer Security: The NIST Handbook, Special Publication 800-12, December 1995, and Generally Accepted Principles and Practices for Securing Information Technology Systems,3 published in September 1996."

A work entitled The Theater

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, entitled ""Bank Holding Companies and Change in Bank Control (Regulation Y)"" (Docket Nos."

Both the car tags and the driver's license entitle a person to drive in every state in the Union.

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission, entitled ""Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 1996"" (MD Docket No."

People are entitled to reply when criticized.

"An easy-to-use stand-alone software program entitled BAGEL, which implements this Bayesian analysis of gene expression levels on MacOS or Windows platforms, is available on the web with an online manual [ 48]."

", is entitled, “The Other Picture: A view of the smoking room and library of the House of Commons in March 1987, commissioned for the House by 156 of the members of Parliament who were not included in the Official Painting.”"

"At present, hospitals are required to distribute a statement entitled ""An Important Message from Medicare""5 to patients at or about the time of admission."

"If he fails to insist on the decommissioning of weapons before paramilitaries could hold office in the new Northern Ireland assembly, democrats will ""be entitled to walk away from an agreement which Mr. Blair had dishonoured."""

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on two major rules promulgated by Department of Agriculture, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, entitled ""Catastrophic Risk Protection Endorsement"" and ""General Administrative Regulations; Federal Crop Insurance Reform Act of 1994, Regulations for Implementation"" (RIN: 0563-AB11)."

"Pride, the pain of their memories, and red tape are making it difficult for thousands of America's 100,000 graying survivors to obtain the money and services to which they're entitled."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services, Health Care Financing Administration, entitled ""Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Salary Equivalency Guidelines for Physical Therapy, Respiratory Therapy, Speech Language Pathology, and Occupational Therapy Services"" (RIN: 0938-AG70)."

"Lewis can't really be proposing to suppress the ""60 Minutes"" Willey interview--which was, in truth, not a story based on ""gossip"" or ""innuendo"" but first-person testimony about the behavior of the president in the Oval Office, about which the voters are surely entitled to form an opinion--in order to protect a puny civil suit for money damages?"

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), entitled ""Single Family Mortgage Insurance; Loss Mitigation Procedures"" (RIN: 2502-AG72)."

"Likewise, he's entitled to appear shy or unfriendly around her, and perhaps unintentionally hamper her ability to network inside the company, and even then assume she lacks initiative and give her a mediocre job evaluation."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Health Care Financing Administration, Department of Health and Human Services (HCFA), entitled ""Medicare Program; Changes to the Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment Systems and Fiscal Year 1997 Rates"" (RIN: 0938-AH34)."

"When Rather pointed out that Clinton's pledge to guarantee the Kosovars' ""security"" amounted to the same thing, Clinton asserted that this wasn't so and argued that he was only saying that the Kosovars were ""entitled"" to security."

The tax is recognized as a nonexchange revenue by the entity that is legally entitled to the amount.

"Why, it even runs pages entitled ""Solutions."""

(See PEMD's transfer paper entitled Using Statistical Sampling (U.S.

He feels entitled to interpret a politically charged question of racialized disparity through one experience he had with blacks.

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by Environmental Protection Agency, entitled ""Control of Air Pollution: Final Rule for New Gasoline Spark-Ignition Marine Engines; Exemptions for New Nonroad Compression-Ignition Engines at or above 37 Kilowatts and New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines at or Below 19 Kilowatts"" (RIN: 2060-AE54)."

"I suppose that means that as an aging divorcé who lives alone, I am only marginally entitled to treatment, for a single individual can scarcely be considered a family group."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), entitled ""Anti-manipulation Rules Concerning Securities Offerings"" (RIN: 3235-AF54)."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), entitled ""Substances Prohibited From Use in Animal Food or Feed; Animal Proteins Prohibited in Ruminant Feed"" (RIN: 0910-AA91)."

"Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), entitled ""Over-the-Counter Human Drugs; Labeling Requirements"" (RIN: 0910-AA79)."

"But there arises then the question of equality in the exercise of basic legal rights, like owning property, serving on a jury, and testifying as a witness in court."

"The high honor bestowed upon me is also a recognition of the Yiddish language—a language of exile, without a land, without frontiers, not supported by any government, a language which possesses no words for weapons, ammunition, military exercises, war tactics."

and i just go and we all exercise and until then you know i have belonged to exercise clubs and oh i've gone to uh oh like um

"It’s not well served by public transport, so give your legs some exercise, starting from the southern approach by the Gellért Hotel."

okay are are you an exercise fanatic

"Da Mo, who was probably a legendary rather than actual figure, is also heralded as the founder of kung fu (wushu), a system of hand-to-hand combat that was later modified to produce the immensely popular form of exercise that millions practice every morning throughout China — taiqi (tai chi), sometimes called “shadow boxing” in the West."

"This could have generated a jurisprudence of deference to the states in their exercise of police power, even if executive and legislative decisions had the effect of discriminating against former slaves."

"For readers who (like the editors) found the mental exercise in Steven Landsburg's most recent ""Everyday Economics"" column a bit hard to follow, Steve tries a different version in ""E-Mail to the Editors"" (scroll down to the third e-mail message and read his response)."

The dramatic heterogeneity of fiber type composition between people may explain their remarkable variation in exercise performance.

yeah but you got a good exercise program going on it looks like

"This is the period of myths and legends, later romanticized by Irish writers, that still exercise their power today."

"This was a reasonable exercise of the state’s “police power,” its general authority to promote the common good."

"One of the features of this style was the alliterating, punning phrase, often used as a headline--wasted wowsers vied with watery wowsers and indeed with weird and worried wowsers, and the exercise was often carried to extremes--witness collocations like pious, Puritanical, pragmatical, pulpit-pounding self-pursuers whom we call wowsers, or bald-headed, bad-breathed, bible-banging bummer, who ought to be banged with a bowser."

There was no clear resolution of the problem at the exercise.

so do you do any kind of regular exercise

"A good orientation exercise is to start with an organized sightseeing tour — by bus, for instance, departing from the eastern end of the Kurfürstendamm."

", regarding diet, exercise, or smoking cessation) occurred in only 43% (32%–53%) of new and general medical examination visits in 2002 for patients who had moderate CHD risk and were diagnosed with hyperlipidemia."

small type trampoline that i do indoor jogging on sometimes for exercise but i haven't really started been doing anything regular for the last several months since we've since we've moved to to Iowa

"Inevitably, come now the Webby Awards, given by something we are asked to believe is the ""International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences ."" For a medium that prides itself on its insurgent spirit, this is a comically egregious exercise in faux-establishmentarianism."

"It’s popular with locals, including students seeking a quiet bench for reading and citizens performing their morning tai chi exercises."

"For the 1998 exercise, see Chuck Green interview (Apr."

it's like an exercise bike or something like that although i haven't purchased one purchased one yet sometimes i do i have this little trampoline

"Also, although Giuliani and Bratton got credit for eliminating squeegeeing, it was Ray Kelly, Dinkins' last police commissioner, who brought me in to lead the problem-solving exercise that figured out how to do it."

"For others, the climb is an exercise in self-discipline and physical purification."

"However, we have no corroborative evidence to support this possibility such as the glycogen content of muscle fibers after exercise or electrical stimulation."

they have two types of water aerobics they call it aqua exercise i guess is what they call it

Sathyamoorthy concludes his brief exercise with a suggestion that merits some attention by VERBATIM readers:

"If you get no other exercise while you’re in California, it would be difficult to go without at least one day of swimming at the beach."

"Further advances in our understanding of signaling mechanisms that govern activity-dependent gene regulation in skeletal muscle could lead to drugs, gene therapy, or devices that can, at least in part, substitute for daily exercise."

yeah yeah i've got a weight bench and we got my wife an exercise bike and i use that sometimes too

uh together they both exercised about five minutes a day doing isometrics rather than you know physical strenuous exercises

it's good good exercise too

course i'm tend to be a slow learner i guess anyway but it's a lot of fun and it's it's a good way to get exercise you know fooling yourself because you don't realize you're getting exercise

i think the most exercise i've gotten in the last three or four month is just jumping up and down to go answer the kids' questions it keeps me pretty busy but

health benefits things like uh insurance for number one but another would be like um facilities or the ease some easy way to go out and exercise or something like that if you felt like it in the middle the day

and a lot of if you have a a YMCA or something they have kind of a tot programs where they have little exercise class for kids her age and all kinds of things

so uh that's usually the extent of my exercise

well um i uh exercise regularly i work at a university and i swim almost everyday

one of the reasons i run uh probably the biggest reason either run or play racquetball i mean either of them is um because if i don't get exercise i don't i don't sleep well and i just don't feel as good i just feel kind of yucky

yeah i i really prefer outdoor exercise i'm afraid that my favorite indoor exercise is eating apple pie a la mode and that doesn't help very much

a a exercise bicycle plus a dog i could go walk and a whole lot of things like that

well how about you are you an exercise fanatic

uh what's the word i want more real i think realistic because they do believe in capital punishment and they do every once in awhile exercise that

good exercise you get outside

so i mean overall i was in very good shape now after four months of being off exercise i've put on probably fifteen pounds

right i'd rather get a bicycle but i have an i had an exercise bike in the house but uh didn't seem to use it enough so somebody sold it in a garage sale and so uh but i'd like to get a bike and just do outside do biking outside

well i got a lot of exercise though the last four or five days i have two grandchildren

okay well i sure enjoyed talking to you about uh exercise and fitness

exercise tends to be a a topic that i guess i've never developed any will power to maintain any regular program i uh

we uh that's you you know that's our favorite form of exercise is is life and we do our own yard you know we uh we we enjoy the activities that provide exercise

i read a book while i'm doing it but i was doing that on the exercise bike

well very good and i think we've probably know know each other's exercise habits and um it was nice talking to you

uh thing but uh when i'm exercising regularly i i feel the need to to do more exercise

my cat stays inside because she's declawed so i don't really have a problem with that but yeah if you had a dog you know they need exercise and you have to walk them

well we have a lake house and down there when we go down there some on weekends we get a different type of exercise you know just doing a lot of work and things down there

decreased morbidity which is where the elderly person through i don't know a healthier lifestyle and exercise and eating right can

or you can take part in the games that they have going on they always have bingo they have a casino uh they have a massage parlor they have exercise i mean you can do anything

getting into an exercise program really

and so i've started an exercise program i'm i'm sometimes i'm a lot more

right i because i mean i i've always walked fast so i i don't know i need to get on a some kind of exercise program though because i'm i'm starting

so that gives you you know lots of exercise

um attitude about exercise otherwise it becomes a chore and a task and and you you think of it as work and um

well i uh i uh have uh i walk and run every um almost every morning i've sort of stopped here with the weather change but uh it's about a thirty minute exercise every morning

kind of nagging health things that i think you know some more exercise would help

well i think the old adage is quite true in this case with exercise that moderation is the key

well i wish i could get my weight down i need to get out and get some exercise uh as i say i've just retired so i'm just starting to have a few days to uh approach that subject and i'm

but that was the only time i have ever been able to like start an exercise program and really stick to it

um exercise huh

i used to walk and not only did i walk but i used to watch all those exercise programs on TV and i would tape them

yeah so anyway i could get a little bit of exercise that way um

mountaineering a little mountaineering this and that and i spend a lot of time and i probably get more exercise than your average person

yeah hopefully uh yeah the insurance companies will see the advantage of signing up a sixty year old for a uh you know exercise class or

you know like exercise or something for your feet it's like and i have to wear them because he gets upset if i don't so so

doesn't require exercise

and um that's sort of i guess it's probably the most common thing i do for exercise the other thing i do is um i try and play racquetball a couple of times a week with um a friend

well that's that's good exercise and i don't do enough of that either

now sometimes we ride and sometimes um we pull we like to to a lot of times just walk for the exercise

unless unless you c all pushing yourself away from the table more exercise

well i told a friend of mine whose got a real she really does have a weight problem i said well i have an exercise bike that's sitting over here that's collecting dust and i i have my treadmill and i have a rowing machine

but uh the reason why i do like that a little bit better than running if i can find uh you know people to play with because it's more it's more interesting i mean there's you know like a game aspect to it as well as just sort of the exercise

the most common exercise for people is to go to the malls and walk them

and it took me a good ten years to put on some weight and any exercise even when summer would come and i'd mow the lawn i'd lose five to seven pounds just just as soon as the heat kicked in

and uh there was no exercise

but i think that uh exercise i think everyone needs exercise

and uh and exercise is is strongly considered one of them

and i take uh this aerobics class which is a great class it's what they call a circuit class where you do a few minutes of aerobic exercise and then you break and do some weight work

it it it's just an exercise mat that rolls up so you can put it out you know just in the corner

they seem pretty you know they don't have the hard body they don't have that perfect look and an awful lot of exercises is sort of image conscious but they you know they live to a hundred and ten some day you know and that that's

i mean i don't have a problem with weight either but i think i don't have a problem because i exercise you know i mean people are always saying to me how do you stay thin and it's because i exercise but i also watch what i eat

yeah that's that's about the extent of it i mean i don't do any of those things particularly you know for exercise

least exercise while dusting it off

and i was going to wait until um about my sixth month and then start doing that i did that with the second baby and um i went to my exercise class exercise class one day and then she was delivered the next day

there're some parts during that exercise that i think i cannot do another second of this

twenty seven okay yeah well i am quite a bit older than you are but no i i think exercise is extremely important and i i do exercise on a regular basis

Fort Ben Harrison Indiana and i learned a lot from that about uh the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise

it's kind of fun because with the first pregnancy all the other ladies except one were on their first pregnancy and they would talk about exercise and just general things related to the birthing process and

well um i have a a a former exercise program i'm a graduate student and this semester i'll tell you what i it's been almost impossible for me to get you know back to regular exercise

okay uh the question was about uh physical fitness and staying in shape and exercise well uh i i don't do it as much as i should i try to walk

it's uh exercise is kind of forget it

so for it's so it's educational as well as it exercise exercise beneficial so

course i'm tend to be a slow learner i guess anyway but it's a lot of fun and it's it's a good way to get exercise you know fooling yourself because you don't realize you're getting exercise

he um it it of course it was much more prevalent in Europe exercise was much more taken much more seriously than it was here in fact

i'm getting better about this knowing that i need exercise and doing it but it's still at the task stage

and i have tried it immediately after school like try to get some place and exercise from five to six but then by the time you get home and you fix dinner you are eating so late

and i've talked to a lot of ladies that exercise with one pregnancy and didn't with the other and they said that they'd exercise the one that had exercised was three or four times easier and

you're just uh focused then on on maintaining your health because if you do the exercise naturally you're going to feel a lot healthier

i think i find the our door atmosphere more inspiring for my exercise really

and i was going to wait until um about my sixth month and then start doing that i did that with the second baby and um i went to my exercise class exercise class one day and then she was delivered the next day

i think it does a lot for your mental um exercise too uh keeping um a clear mind i think your mind is clearer when you exercise

because i really don't like to exercise i think that's the basic point of it is i'm not i i don't enjoy it if i know that it's exercise but if it's like a social activity or a recreational activity i don't mind

well that's good exercise do you exercise uh do you play tennis very often

i don't very often do things for the sake of exercise i don't feel well unless i am exercising and i try to do things that involve exercise but i very rarely do things

play tennis and play racquetball i i like to get exercise when i'm playing a game of some sort and so that's always been the way that i have kept myself in uh the shape that i was satisfied with at least

okay are you currently active in any type of exercise program

you know really exercise is so important and i realize that

and i i mean i just started doing it this week but uh the first time we had to talk on exercise and then this time music so

well i know in in my family um my father has always been an exercise fanatic in fact uh he's from um Austria

oh uh so what's what's your favorite exercise

yeah i think that's probably true with anything when you work some exercise in it just seems like things seem to go more smoothly i don't know

oh that's good exercise

it's not just the exercise that's boring and time consuming it's uh you know afterwards you know then you have to take a shower and get cleaned up you know

okay i was watching the soap opera awards um and and it's it's really making me wanna exercise because every single woman in the audience is

what do you do in terms of exercise if anything

but um so how how successful is your exercise video

and um i'm an aerobics freak so i just uh i love that type of music to do aerobics to and exercise and that sort of thing

and i think this and exercise and really watching your diet does it i've been on that diet that

oh yeah most of my my forms of exercise come in the form of a five year old and a two year old

yes it gives me plenty of exercise but i enjoy um walking outside and bicycling once in a while with the family excuse me and yourself

does he go to have an exercise program too

all right i guess this is a great time to talk about fitness with everybody and their New Year's resolutions and going out and getting their recor regular exercise program um do you recor exercise regularly

it's not really stressful at all in any i mean it's it's fun and it's enjoyable and it's good exercise but

well my exercise program consists of uh you know it's it's a it's an opportunity to stay alive really

yeah well i find that uh if i want to lose some weight that uh i can't do it unless i exercise as well

yeah um existing employees are too but they for some reason they don't uh uh do anything about it you know they don't uh exercise it

um but i've noticed that what i do is that i have my towel that sits on the floor so that every time i get up to bowl i have to bend over to pick up my towel and that way i get the little extra exercise

been a few times and really enjoyed it it's it's amazing how each exercise works on a different part of your body i never realized you know i thought basketball basically covered it all but after i skied a few times i've just been dead

well uh it's too bad we can't talk about your other interests but we just have to talk about exercise

okay so you consider that your exercise

you know and i i played tennis for exercise but i play golf for fun uh and

um the only exercise program i'm doing right now is walking

exercise mode that she keeps herself in plus she has um a family that she takes care of and a forty hour work week so i'm really amazed at her stamina

uh-huh what kind of exercise do you do

exercise facilities and movies and and everything else you know they can

and a trampoline i said i'll come over this afternoon and you can borrow the the exercise the exercise bicycle at least maybe it'll get some use so um you know we're going to try to she's got

just a sort of combination between bicycling and exercise or hobby and an exercise so that's probably the extent of my hobbies

is mowing the lawn a new exercise

yeah this guy he seems like he runs and stuff and runs with the dog so he probably gets in enough exercise

it's not really the kind of exercise that gets your heart rate going and and uh

but if it well if i remember back to when i had a child they give you a lot of exercise just what age is your child

and then you're just doing repetitious exercises throughout the whole video and it's a hour long video

periods uh such as Christmas and so forth where you eat out more often than normal if you don't get the exercise in your weight weight goes up

oh i know my husband wants me to take up golf that's another thing he does and uh you know i don't know that i see that as a real big exercise though

and i you know i walk i don't ride so you know i get a little exercise there too so

those exercise bands now that are better that you can use for like toning instead of using a weight you have like bands i don't know if you've seen them they're

to walk too i i guess they said it's a good form of exercise i guess uh if you consider that exercise i walk a lot

okay i guess we're talking about exercise huh

think about an exercise routine because i was always doing something that more or less required exercise

um at one time i had a a fairly regular exercise program

well what kind of exercise do you do

uh-huh and exercise and do all this fancy stuff at morning noon and night

i you know i was a solid weight trainer and all i did was weights and anaerobic exercise and then my wife got me into the aerobic exercise said you really need to do it so

so i have to disguise it it's like feeding little babies food and telling them it's something else so that they'll eat it that's kind of the same thing for me i have to not know that it's exercise so i can do it

like um i've never done aerobics or any sort of structured this is my exercise time

that was wild but i exercise i don't exercise now i just had a baby three months ago i haven't really gotten back into exercising but i exercised real good for a couple of years it was

i do try and regulate how much exercise i get a week

well i don't know what kind of exercise do you get involved in

that's a fair amount of exercise by itself right

i do it myself have a lot of people trying to do it for me but hey i need the exercise so what the heck

mental exercise

for uh for some of the exercises she uses three pound weights

uh exercise or not and they tell me that's going to catch up with me someday uh

well you can get you can do the other thing i do is uh i have a little exercise bike that uh wasn't too expensive i got a cheap one but you can really work up a sweat on it

and um we go on a like fifty to a hundred miles every Sunday so i try to uh keep up in the winter with the exercise bike so i'm you know can be in shape and that could

so you really do enjoy your exercise then since your

or get an exercise bike and in the house

do regular exercise

only exercise when i have to i mean

oh so you've thought about that as well a bike exercise

would be considered exercise or things i should do

and you know he's like well i get more exercise pushing it around

and that's that's by enlarge about the only form of exercise i get but when i go out and play i generally play for two or three hours at a time

i mean i have it every once and a while and i know when i do this exercise i don't get it which is it call it crunches

yeah i i'm on uh a right now i'm on one of those jags where i i exercise at well i i run every night

well yeah i do a lot of exercise right now i'm into jazzercise which i absolutely love um i started about two years ago because i gained some weight over the past few years and i wanted to get it back off

oh that would that's fantastic exercise

the innovator of the whole exercise thing um and he was talking about the three things you could that cause

and a trampoline i said i'll come over this afternoon and you can borrow the the exercise the exercise bicycle at least maybe it'll get some use so um you know we're going to try to she's got

so you uh exercise on a regular basis

great um currently i'm not doing a whole lot of exercise in any type of program

uh well i exercise fairly regularly i work for a company out here uh in uh Livingston New Jersey Bellcore yeah Bell Communications Research

and everything has gotten kind of turned upside down all this space that uh normally would be dedicated towards the exercise area is uh covered in boxes

so i'm getting more you know more exercise that way than i ever did before i had him you know so

other exercise that i like to do so and you know i see i feel like i feel a lot better since i've uh started doing that seems to help me a lot

yeah so you think you might get an exercise bicycle

think about an exercise routine because i was always doing something that more or less required exercise

"Immediately after exercise (not during), thermocouples were inserted into thigh skeletal muscles and the rectum."

just uh but but that's good exercise

"We must remember that as CPAs, we get paid for our judgment, so let's exercise it."

you know and actually that's my exercise now just trying to keep up with an eighteen month old that's more than enough so

After the exercise protocol rats were allowed to rest for 1 hour and then were anesthetized by i.p.

you know i what i like about exercise i love the inaerobic exercise i like

"During exercise, slow twitch motor units serving oxidative fibers are recruited first during moderate exercise, and motor units serving glycolytic fibers are recruited later and during more severe exercise [ 1 ] . This is in contrast to electrical stimulation of sufficient intensity where all motor units are thought to be activated simultaneously [ 31 ] . The larger regional difference in VEGF mRNA signal after electrical stimulation may be due to the fact that this protocol was more metabolically demanding than the treadmill exercise protocol, or indeed because the rat muscle was hypoxic during electrical stimulation."

yeah i i i know i just know you can't but no i don't get as much exercise as i used to but i at least since TI has implemented that program i do i'm more aware of it

Estimating benefits for visibility is a more difficult and less precise exercise than estimating health benefits because the endpoints are not directly or indirectly valued in markets.

oh that's pretty good exercise you do you drive a cart or do you carry your bag

"Also, he charged that bylaw changes, which LSNY is forcing through its exercise of its power over his program's purse, ""expands enormously LSNY's legislative power to tell local programs what they can and cannot do."""

um-hum well i have an exercise bike um also that's that's in my my house

"Nevertheless, physical activity was associated with reduced lipids levels, both in men and women, but these benefits did not reach statistical significance when adjusted for the effect of exercise on body mass index of the participants and the confounding effect of smoking and dietary habits."

no problem at all and uh if you get one of these mats you know go to a store they normally have these exercise things these ABCs of physical fitness on them

"A plausible explanation could be the low concentration of this type of diet in saturated fat and the non-lipid-lowering benefits that physical activities and Mediterranean diet have been reported to produce (including antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects) [ 22 23 ] . In accordance to that, several investigators have reported that non-pharmacological lifestyle interventions, like diet and exercise, could be useful in the management of hypertensive subjects [ 24 25 ] ."

just a sort of combination between bicycling and exercise or hobby and an exercise so that's probably the extent of my hobbies

The effects of the tenth or 20th day of exercise are not the same as the effects of the first day.

okay exercise is something that i don't do enough of and i have an incredible uh

"On 9/11, NORAD was scheduled to conduct a military exercise, Vigilant Guardian, which postulated a bomber attack from the former Soviet Union."

fulfilling my obligations so i haven't done a lot of uh exercise on purpose what about you

"VEGF is a 45 kDA heparin-binding homodimeric glycoprotein with a predominant specificity to vascular endothelial cells [ 4 5 6 7 ] . Recent investigations demonstrate that VEGF increases vascular permeability [ 4 ] , endothelial cell proliferation in vitro [ 8 ] , and angiogenesis in vivo [ 9 ] . We have previously demonstrated that VEGF mRNA is upregulated in rat gastrocnemius muscle following 1 hour of acute submaximal treadmill exercise [ 10 ] , in dog gastrocnemius muscle following 1 hour of electrical stimulation [ 11 ] , and in human vastus lateralis following 30 min of one-legged knee extension exercise at 50% maximal capacity [ 12 ] . Other studies show similar upregulation of VEGF mRNA in chronically electrically stimulated rat skeletal muscle [ 13 14 ] , and in human vastus lateralis following 45 min of one-legged knee extension exercise [ 15 ] ."

but uh tell me about um your exercise did you take your exercise because you had a problem or you just wanted to stay young and light or whatever

people who were considered very healthy in China and they don't do very much vigorous exercise at all but they do a lot of low keyed low impact low stress exercise and they combine it with a you know meditation or whatever some sort of relaxation and

but uh tell me about um your exercise did you take your exercise because you had a problem or you just wanted to stay young and light or whatever

i'm i'm i exercise more in in the summer and spring than i do um like this time of year because

so that she gets some exercise we go for walks

so you don't you don't feel you're getting a good exercise when you go out uh jogging

right do you uh do any anaerobic type weight lifting or weight training type exercise

uh when i was in high school we had a choice of uh taking uh physical education courses on exercise and uh one of those involved a six week session on a universal machine

and i have a tape and i play it just about every other day and i and it's twenty minutes of exercise

exercise

daddy just came home so the house is starting to liven up here now but uh that's about it that's kind of how my exercise is right now is just basically running after a three year old

do you are you on a regular regular exercise program right now

okay are you on an exercise program now or

exercise is not supposed to do that to you

because it's sort of the same work out but but yeah i can i sort of you know am able to you know sleep better and and be more uh more alert um when i'm you know when i am awake if i if i exercise regularly so it really

it's nothing or it could be your exercise for the week right

well yeah i'm on a exercise program i'm riding my Aerodyne bike um half an hour every morning and i'm just about ready to

uh-hum well i try to do it at night before i go to bed um it's really weird because i'll get down on the floor and i'll holler and tell my cat Nikki i'll say Nikki i'm going to do my exercises now

yeah if i were to begin to begin exercise now i think it'd be something that i could do um

well i mean it's kind of it's it's you know it's good exercise especially when you get good at it because you the idea is to make the other player run to where he's not i mean you hit the ball it's kind of like tennis in that sense but you're not chasing always chasing after the ball um

fitness and exercise

well she doesn't do much hunting she could care less about that she does a little fishing but you know golf would give her the exercise she'd be outside give her something to do that we both enjoy so

because if you don't exercise then it seems like um what you you just have to be really really careful about what you eat you can you can eat like a normal person if you get a moderate amount of exercise and not really have to worry about it

i think that's considered exercise whether you want it or not

but they have packages where they just offer the exercise program is that what you're saying

yeah the exercise the uh weight lifting on the other hand is actually you know i think i look better

people who were considered very healthy in China and they don't do very much vigorous exercise at all but they do a lot of low keyed low impact low stress exercise and they combine it with a you know meditation or whatever some sort of relaxation and

i uh i exercised pretty well up until i found or until i was pregnant and i started having pains so i've calmed down everything except i was working out doing aerobic exercises as well as the um walking

the one thing's i mean i enjoy doing it i i enjoy any kind of any any kind of outdoor uh activity exercise whatever and in fact i used i do it during lunch i i really look forward to it

well outdoor exercise is uh more convenient however

but i don't i don't think i'd have the wind for that i guess of all the sports that probably gives you more exercise than any any sport there is

yeah yeah well more than weight course i could use uh lose certainly from ten to twenty pounds but i think more than that i also notice i just feel better when i exercise

yeah a lot of things do that i have a negative i had an exercise bike i used to have one and finally got rid of it because i never used it but i do use my treadmill

that's about it as far as exercise

uh well how is it appropriate to be talking about exercise attitudes

well you know i have noticed too that uh uh when i started the exercise uh not the exercise but the walking program uh that i did tone up you know like all over but it didn't get the upper part of my body and uh so

yeah i haven't been up there um but i understand they've got a nice pool and that's my favorite form of exercise is swimming

but um for field day which is an exercise in the summer where ham it know it's it's it's a couple of things it's supposed to be a uh a demonstration of how

"And this gets into a semantical exercise to some degree but one that is important, I understand, to the reporters."

"At the conclusion of this vast exercise, done without the aid of computers, there emerged a pattern of familial relationships that linked together languages spoken, in earlier times, from Britain as far east as Chinese Turkestan and from India as far north as Lappland."

One clause prescribes “establishment of religion”; the other mandates “the free exercise of religion.”

"Part I: COMMON ROOTS...provide [s] in-depth coverage of 36 common roots and described, in detail, the dissection, analysis, reconstruction, definition, and commentary processes, followed by 24 exercise entries for each root or related roots."

Now consider the same exercise for a new dress style not previously available at retail—perhaps a style that gained attention when worn by a controversial film star at the most recent Academy Awards ceremony.

What vigil is thisselfish exercise interrupting?

"Several studies, including the present, demonstrate that exercise raises HDL-cholesterol in the blood."

um what did you do when you exercised when you did exercise regularly

"In fact, the Chinese martial arts and such offshoots as the gentler exercise forms known as taiqi have their symbolic, if not literal, birthplace at this monastery."

"Although most people would describe this house as “traditional,” this is not an exercise in a particular historical style."

"The exercise illustrates why one top investor believes ""these stocks have become like major land masses."""

Mental Exercise and Cognitive Reserve

and but yet she still enjoys uh music and still enjoys dance and you know for exercise she wants aerobics to music and that you know that kind of thing

The park also has squash courts and an exercise trail.

"It directs you to ""consume entire tube contents within 30 minutes after exercise."""

"The morale-boosting exercise lost money, but the rest of the United States had started to hear about the industrious but amusing city on the Mississippi as a place worth visiting."

"For the patient, treatment is expensive and difficult, requiring strict attention to blood glucose monitoring, insulin dosing, diet, and exercise."

huh i guess my favorite my favorite exercise in the uh in the gym is the bikes to go yeah just with the the stationary bikes to just ride

"Washington and Jefferson in their antique knee pants can't hope to compete; neither can Teddy Roosevelt in his boots and gun, nor Reagan in his cowboy outfit, nor, frankly, Dole and Clinton in their exercise clothes."

"It was built in 1969, and at 365 m (1,197 ft) absolutely dwarfs western Berlin’s Funkturm (see page 59), which was the object of the exercise."

"As the ""Arlington County: After-Action Report"" notes, there were significant problems with both self-dispatching and communications: ""Organizations, response units, and individuals proceeding on their own initiative directly to an incident site, without the knowledge and permission of the host jurisdiction and the Incident Commander, complicate the exercise of command, increase the risks faced by bonafide responders, and exacerbate the challenge of accountability."""

that's what hurts me a lot about getting into a exercise program

"The other fleeces would have been plenty warm during exercise, but standing still I felt a bit chilly."

"As an intriguing exercise in modern industrial archaeology, its desolate log cabins and colliery installations have become a coal mining village museum."

"The information circulars mostly urged air carriers to ""exercise prudence"" and be alert."

do you ever have time when you don't get this exercise in and notice that your weight goes up or anything like that

"To the growing legion of Clinton cynics, the president's race-relations initiative, unveiled last weekend, is an exercise in cheap talk."

A good orientation exercise is to start with an organized sightseeing tour with Dublin Bus from Upper O’Connell Street or Bus Éireann from the Travel Centre at Busáras in Store Street.

"VEGF is a 45 kDA heparin-binding homodimeric glycoprotein with a predominant specificity to vascular endothelial cells [ 4 5 6 7 ] . Recent investigations demonstrate that VEGF increases vascular permeability [ 4 ] , endothelial cell proliferation in vitro [ 8 ] , and angiogenesis in vivo [ 9 ] . We have previously demonstrated that VEGF mRNA is upregulated in rat gastrocnemius muscle following 1 hour of acute submaximal treadmill exercise [ 10 ] , in dog gastrocnemius muscle following 1 hour of electrical stimulation [ 11 ] , and in human vastus lateralis following 30 min of one-legged knee extension exercise at 50% maximal capacity [ 12 ] . Other studies show similar upregulation of VEGF mRNA in chronically electrically stimulated rat skeletal muscle [ 13 14 ] , and in human vastus lateralis following 45 min of one-legged knee extension exercise [ 15 ] ."

"Most recently, GAO reviewed activities of the White House China Trade Relations Working Group, which was established at the request of President Clinton in the exercise of his Constitutional powers."

"More specifically, in the present descriptive study, non-radioactive in situ hybridization with a VEGF 165 probe [ 20 ] was used to visualize the fiber specific localization of VEGF mRNA transcripts on muscle tissue cross sections after muscles were stimulated to upregulate VEGF through exercise or electrical stimulation."

"A large body of epidemiological literature consistently documents greater longevity in persons who are physically active on a near-daily basis, and reveals inverse relationships between levels of daily exercise and incidence of major chronic disorders such as obesity [2], hypertension [3], diabetes [4], ischemic heart disease, and all causes of mortality [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]."

"During exercise, slow twitch motor units serving oxidative fibers are recruited first during moderate exercise, and motor units serving glycolytic fibers are recruited later and during more severe exercise [ 1 ] . This is in contrast to electrical stimulation of sufficient intensity where all motor units are thought to be activated simultaneously [ 31 ] . The larger regional difference in VEGF mRNA signal after electrical stimulation may be due to the fact that this protocol was more metabolically demanding than the treadmill exercise protocol, or indeed because the rat muscle was hypoxic during electrical stimulation."

"Now, if we perform the same exercise using the actual FY 1998 First-Class and Standard A volume figures of 101."

"It is important to continue emphasis on dietary, exercise, and lifestyle modifications in addition to pharmacotherapy."

"However, there may be cause for some optimism for the average mortal, since endurance exercise training in healthy humans leads to fiber-type specific increases in the abundance of PGC-1 and PPAR-α protein in skeletal muscle (Russell et al."

"Some of the most comprehensive and sophisticated human PBPKs have been developed to describe the pharmacokinetics of volatile toxic solvents such as toluene [ 32 44 45 ] , styrene [ 46 47 ] , and methyl chloride [ 48 ] . The most involved models incorporate several different fat and muscle compartments with different flows and allow for changes with time in the blood flows as the subject's exercise level varies [ 45 47 48 ] . These studies have also introduced a Bayesian approach to determine the population distribution of the PBPK parameters [ 45 47 ] . PKQuest cannot complete with these PBPKs for this class of solutes."

The exercise of professional judgment allows the auditor to obtain reasonable assurance that material misstatements or significant inaccuracies in data will be detected if they exist.

"Resting blood flow and post exercise hyperemia was similar in elderly compared to younger subjects [ 20 ] . Blood flow responses to single limb exercise have also been preserved in older individuals [ 21 22 ] . Discrepancies in aging effects on muscle blood flow may be due to the use of active [ 18 ] or inactive subjects [ 13 ] . In addition, it is not clear whether the age related changes in blood flow were a result of reduced cardiac output during whole body exercise or reduced local vascular capacity."

"This is because social insurance taxes, like other taxes, are determined through the exercise of the power of the Government to compel payment."

A six-week exercise and education program produced a total drop in 8 FIQ subscales of 2.4 points [ 22 ] ; these same subscales in this study decreased by 23.

"However, LSC, in the proper exercise of its statutory authority, may sometimes reject a state plan as insufficiently responsive to the tenets of State Planning and substitute a reconfiguration plan adjudged to better maximize effective and efficient delivery of high quality legal services."

"FAA: No, this is not an exercise, not a test."

SEMG MF has been proved to be a reliable descriptor of the muscle fatigue evolution [ 3 5 6 15 16 ] in the isometric exercise.

"Exercise planners also assumed that the aircraft would originate from outside the United States, allowing time to identify the target and scramble interceptors."

"Resting blood flow and post exercise hyperemia was similar in elderly compared to younger subjects [ 20 ] . Blood flow responses to single limb exercise have also been preserved in older individuals [ 21 22 ] . Discrepancies in aging effects on muscle blood flow may be due to the use of active [ 18 ] or inactive subjects [ 13 ] . In addition, it is not clear whether the age related changes in blood flow were a result of reduced cardiac output during whole body exercise or reduced local vascular capacity."

"At seven years of age, she has exhibited fatigue, exercise intolerance and palpitations as the main features of abnormal mitochondrial energy metabolism."

But understanding taste is not just an academic exercise.

By investigating how such behaviors change for different parameter sets— an exercise referred to as “exploring the parameter space”—one starts to assemble a comprehensive picture of all the kinds of behaviors a network can produce.

", on many questions concerning diet and exercise); however, this does not mean that RCTs are completely independent of basic science."

"Another successful approach is to teach one concept, such as data collection, at a time, allowing time in between for nursing home staff to apply the concept in either a mock workshop exercise, or as a real-life exercise at their own facility."

Previous studies demonstrate that an acute bout of exercise or electrical stimulation is sufficient to significantly upregulate total VEGF mRNA levels in rat and human skeletal muscle within 1 hour [ 10 12 15 19 ] . We have replicated these previous findings by showing (through Northern analysis) that 1 hr. of treadmill running or electrical stimulation induces an approximately 3.5-fold upregulation in VEGF mRNA in rat gastrocnemius muscle (Figure 2and 3).

"The patient is started on an exercise and weight loss program, sent for nutritional counseling, and scheduled for a return clinic appointment for three months later."

", endurance exercise training), loading state (e.g."

"Hypoxia has been demonstrated to upregulate VEGF independent of exercise [ 10 ] , although in this case we would have expected higher total VEGF levels by Northern analysis in the electrically stimulated muscles, and this was not the case (Figures 2and 3)."

"For the exercise protocol, 6 rats were first familiarized with a rodent treadmill (Omnipacer model LC-4, Omnitech, Columbus, OH), and then required to run for 1 hour at 20-35 m/min on an incline of 10°."

"Another major impact of exercise on lipids is that it lowers triglyceride levels [ 19 ] . However, exercises exert a minor impact on the LDL-cholesterol and to a lesser extend, total cholesterol."

"Some patients not willing to commence exercise or stop smoking were willing users of nutritional supplements, despite the convincing evidence of benefit for the former and less evidence for the latter."

Subjects were classified as active if they reported participating in 40 minutes of moderate intensity exercise at least three times a week for the previous six months.

1°C for at least part of the 90 min exercise.

"Our results are consistent with others which have reported no age-related changes in maximal flow capacity after exercise [ 20 21 22 ] . A strength of this study was that maximal blood flow capacity was normalized to estimated lean muscle mass, to correct for age-related decreases in muscle mass [ 2 ] ."

"Resting blood flow and post exercise hyperemia was similar in elderly compared to younger subjects [ 20 ] . Blood flow responses to single limb exercise have also been preserved in older individuals [ 21 22 ] . Discrepancies in aging effects on muscle blood flow may be due to the use of active [ 18 ] or inactive subjects [ 13 ] . In addition, it is not clear whether the age related changes in blood flow were a result of reduced cardiac output during whole body exercise or reduced local vascular capacity."

Much of our early understanding of the plasticity of skeletal muscle has been derived from studies undertaken by exercise physiologists (e.g.

"For assumptions of exercise planners, see Paul Goddard and Ken Merchant interview (Mar."

"Data presented in Table 1show the normalized mean VEGF mRNA signal in oxidative versus glycolytic muscle regions from rats after 1 hour of treadmill exercise, rats after 1 hour of electrical stimulation, and control rat muscle (neither exercise or electrical stimulation)."

"Fatigue is also associated with higher amplitudes of the SEMG signal toward the end of the exercise [ 3 5 6 ] . It has been shown that, in sustained motor tasks, changes at different levels, including motoneural discharge behaviour, develop before an endurance limit is reached, phenomenon called 'central fatigue' [ 7 8 ] . Central and peripheral fatigue develop together, and have to be seen not as a result, but as complementary elements of a complex strategy striving to insure the optimality of the motor behavior within the framework of available resources."

"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess treatment effect of pimobendan on exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure [ 3 ] . 'The primary pre-specified analysis of exercise time was limited to those patients who had at least the first follow up (four-week) exercise test carried out and had shown good compliance up to the day of the test."

These changes underlined the importance of low-saturated diet consumption (<7% of total fat) and physical exercise.

"Inactivity has been associated with impaired efficiency of peripheral oxygen extraction [ 32 ] and reduced blood flow after cuff ischemia [ 33 ] . Conversely, exercise training results in greater maximal flow capacity [ 31 34 ] . Regular aerobic exercise also prevents the age-associated loss in endothelium dependent vasodilation maintaining maximal flow capacity [ 9 ] . Our findings support previous research that maximal flow capacity is maintained by aerobic exercise and is independent of age."

"The report asked recipients to""exercise extreme vigilance"" and ""report suspicious activities"" to the FBI."

The results of this exercise are plotted in Fig.

A 1998 White House tabletop exercise chaired by Richard Clarke included a scenario in which a terrorist group loaded a Learjet with explosives and took off for a suicide mission to Washington.

"Moreover, I can recommend it to Japanese students not only as an introduction to evolution, but also as an exercise in reading a well-written and engaging English text."

"The exercise took 20 minutes; it would have cost him about $800 if he had relied on a lawyer, he said. """

"For me, whistleblowing is not a theoretical exercise."

But the evidence that mental exercise per se can increase cognitive reserve and stave off dementia is weaker.

"Dodson, 454 U. S. 312, 321-322 (1981) (holding that a public defender does not act ""under color of state law"" because he ""works under canons of professional responsibility that mandate his exercise of independent judgment on behalf of the client"" and because there is an ""assumption that counsel will be free of state control"")."

"Also, the control loops involving Ia, Ib afferents are responsible for the occurrence of certain peaks within the output force in the isometric exercise, and others are due to the activation from higher levels [ 3 ] ."

• An RCT of patients in a home-exercise program using transtelephonic exercise monitoring compared to a hospital-based program improved cardiac function by a similar amount [ 32 ] . (One caveat of this study was that it had such low statistical power that it would not be likely to detect any difference between the two interventions in efficacy or in complications even if they existed.)

The presence of occupational exercise was recorded but it was not taken into account for the analysis due to difficulties in evaluation and standardization.

"In exercise, either σ ult, B and σ ult, L is not significantly affected, or they both may increase without significant relative changes."

"In contrast, other studies have found age-related changes in resting blood flow which have been attributed to increases in sympathetic tone [ 19 30 ] . Aging has been associated with reduced blood flow and vascular conductance during whole body exercise [ 18 ] . The reduction in blood flow and conductance have been related to alterations in cardiac output and blood volume due to aging [ 23 ] . Several of our resting blood flow variables approached significance (p values below 0.10) indicating that our results may have been significant with a larger sample size."

"(blood flukes), affects over 250 million people in the tropical world [2], and a recent meta-analysis showed that the disease is significantly associated with anemia, chronic pain, diarrhea, exercise intolerance, and undernutrition [3]."

"When a patient's clinical status has reached a terminal disease progression stage (such as New York Heart Association class IV) and they are unable to perform exercise testing, as in Example 3, the exercise time should also be equal to zero seconds, and not simply regarded as missing data."

"Notably, vocal cord dysfunction was diagnosed by laryngoscopy in 5 of the patients, while in the remaining patients it was diagnosed based on symptoms such as inspiratory stridor with exercise, and/or blunting of the inspiratory loop during pulmonary function testing."

This comparison shows that education and exercise are not as an effective intervention as this dietary intervention.

Aging has been associated with decreased function and exercise performance [ 1 2 ] . Decreased exercise performance has been related to decreased oxidative capacity [ 3 4 ] and decreased muscle mass [ 4 ] . Vascular alterations in structure and function due to aging could also contribute to decreased exercise performance through impaired blood flow [ 5 ] . Decreased capillary density [ 6 ] and a thickening of vascular walls [ 7 ] are present with aging.

"Because that determination was not contested here, the Court in the exercise of its discretion and prudential judgment declines to address it."

Translating Knowledge of Exercise Biology to Novel Therapeutics

"Our study revealed that even medium exercise is adequate to increase HDL-cholesterol levels, in women."

"In addition, an understanding of the molecular signaling events that drive the beneficial effects of exercise on human physiology could foster the development of novel drugs, devices, or biological agents designed to substitute for exercise."

"During exercise, slow twitch motor units serving oxidative fibers are recruited first during moderate exercise, and motor units serving glycolytic fibers are recruited later and during more severe exercise [ 1 ] . This is in contrast to electrical stimulation of sufficient intensity where all motor units are thought to be activated simultaneously [ 31 ] . The larger regional difference in VEGF mRNA signal after electrical stimulation may be due to the fact that this protocol was more metabolically demanding than the treadmill exercise protocol, or indeed because the rat muscle was hypoxic during electrical stimulation."

"Contributions by private employers are in the nature of taxes; i.e., compulsory payments demanded by the Government through the exercise of its power to compel payment."

"The payments made by Federal employees are in the nature of taxes, compulsory payments demanded by the Government through the exercise of its power to compel payment."

"That determination was not discussed in the briefs of either party or otherwise contested here, and in the exercise of our discretion and prudential judgment we decline to address it."

"Another report found changes on positron emission tomography scanning following two weeks of a comprehensive memory program that included memory training, special diet, physical exercise, and stress reduction [13]."

Both temperatures fell exponentially with rest after exercise.

"Also, the intension and the duration of physical exercise were taken into account."

"As with other types of internal controls, this is a cycle of activity, not an exercise with a defined beginning and end."

"16 In the new position in this exercise, Pws will be lower and D will be higher."

"Currently, managers are focused more on the annual exercise of obtaining funding needed to keep their programs viable and alive."

Aging has been associated with decreased function and exercise performance [ 1 2 ] . Decreased exercise performance has been related to decreased oxidative capacity [ 3 4 ] and decreased muscle mass [ 4 ] . Vascular alterations in structure and function due to aging could also contribute to decreased exercise performance through impaired blood flow [ 5 ] . Decreased capillary density [ 6 ] and a thickening of vascular walls [ 7 ] are present with aging.

BDNF production is activity dependent [ 11 15 ] Muscle activity is required to maintain BDNF mRNA levels in rat soleus muscle [ 16 17 ] . Vigorous exercise increases BDNF mRNA levels above baseline [ 17 ] . Neuromuscular blockade in culture also decreases BDNF mRNA levels.

We investigated whether military preparations for the large-scale exercise compromised the military's response to the real-world terrorist attack on 9/11.

"Without clear and compelling answers to these second order questions, the debate about the first order questions will be an exercise in futility."

"“Give up smoking, lose weight, don't drive when drunk, install a smoke detector, take regular exercise,” suggests Vaupel, who insists he does them all, as well as taking vitamin supplements."

In the present study we used a 1 hr. treadmill exercise protocol or a 1 hr. electrical stimulation protocol to upregulate total VEGF mRNA production in rat gastrocnemius muscle.

"Exercise training increases cardiac output during exercise and increases skeletal muscle blood flow in response to reactive hyperemia [ 23 ] . Arterial diameters [ 19 24 ] , capillary density [ 5 25 ] , vascular reactivity [ 26 27 ] , and endothelial function [ 9 28 ] are improved with training and reduced with inactivity."

"Obviously, some obese individuals are unfit and become breathless on exercise."

"The revenue from forfeiture is nonexchange revenue, because the Government seizes the property through the exercise of its power."

"If subsequent tests were not performed, whatever the reason, or performed although compliance between tests had been poor, the last exercise time value obtained while compliance was good was carried forward."

"al reviewed the role of estrogen in treating reproductive-related mood disorders [ 11 ] . Exercise, stress-reduction techniques, St. John's Wort, and acupuncture have been suggested as potential therapies without definitive evidence for significant benefit [ 12 ] . In 2000 Corral et."

Marine Corps exercise in Jordan was halted.U.S.

Both education and leisure activities are imperfect measures of mental exercise.

The Government collects these amounts through the exercise of its power to compel payment.

"Westerterp and his colleagues have reported two observations: first, that general activity contributes more to energy consumption than “aerobic exercise” does and second, that many subjects who initiate an exercise program (such as a twice weekly visit to the gym) overcompensate so that they actually decrease overall activity [23]."

"With the exception of the exercise protocol, these rats were handled in an identical manner to the exercised rats."

"Specifically, for several outcomes among the monozygotic twins, especially average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, post-load glucose, and physical exercise, variability was greatest among twin pairs in which both had fewer than 4 y of college, intermediate among discordant pairs, and least among those where both had 4 y of college or more."

The subjects classified as inactive reported no regular physical exercise.

The exercise in table 2.1 describes a job we might be asked to do and a design for it and asks you to decide whether or not this is a case study.

"VEGF is a 45 kDA heparin-binding homodimeric glycoprotein with a predominant specificity to vascular endothelial cells [ 4 5 6 7 ] . Recent investigations demonstrate that VEGF increases vascular permeability [ 4 ] , endothelial cell proliferation in vitro [ 8 ] , and angiogenesis in vivo [ 9 ] . We have previously demonstrated that VEGF mRNA is upregulated in rat gastrocnemius muscle following 1 hour of acute submaximal treadmill exercise [ 10 ] , in dog gastrocnemius muscle following 1 hour of electrical stimulation [ 11 ] , and in human vastus lateralis following 30 min of one-legged knee extension exercise at 50% maximal capacity [ 12 ] . Other studies show similar upregulation of VEGF mRNA in chronically electrically stimulated rat skeletal muscle [ 13 14 ] , and in human vastus lateralis following 45 min of one-legged knee extension exercise [ 15 ] ."

This suggests that profound exercise can increase regional temperature to levels that could potentially induce ser 16-HSP20 phosphorylation and force suppression.

"By seeking to prohibit the analysis of certain legal issues and to truncate presentation to the courts, the enactment under review prohibits speech and expression upon which courts must depend for the proper exercise of the judicial power."

"Moreover, these excise taxes, like other taxes, are determined through the exercise of the power of the Government to compel payment."

"This exclusion may confound our findings, but the large sample size and the applied randomised procedure can spread the subjects who reported occupational exercise equally in both groups of the study."

"Oxygen delivery after exercise has been found to be similar between healthy active older and younger subjects [ 35 ] . It was expected, however, that oxygen delivery would be different between the active and inactive individuals."

"Under international law, discrimination need not be intentional nor de jure (in law) to constitute a violation of various relevant treaties, but merely needs to have the “effect of nullifying or impairing the equal enjoyment or exercise” of rights (paragraph 11 of [20])."

"Exercise training increases cardiac output during exercise and increases skeletal muscle blood flow in response to reactive hyperemia [ 23 ] . Arterial diameters [ 19 24 ] , capillary density [ 5 25 ] , vascular reactivity [ 26 27 ] , and endothelial function [ 9 28 ] are improved with training and reduced with inactivity."

"Based on findings from questionnaires, patient interviews and testing, specific recommendations were made to some individuals regarding the following: recreational and occupational noise exposure; medications; diet; exercise; employment; socialization; acoustic therapy."

"We found that the response was, if anything, expedited by the increased number of staff at the sectors and at NORAD because of the scheduled exercise."

"Because CCLS is not part of the class Congress sought to benefit in enacting the LSCA, we must conclude that Congress did not intend to imply a private cause of action by CCLS to challenge the LSC's exercise of its statutory and regulatory duties."

What do we know about basic muscle and exercise biology?

"When a patient's clinical status has reached a terminal disease progression stage (such as New York Heart Association class IV) and they are unable to perform exercise testing, as in Example 3, the exercise time should also be equal to zero seconds, and not simply regarded as missing data."

"These general standards encompass the independence of the audit organization and its individual auditors; the exercise of professional judgment in the performance of work and the preparation of related reports; the competence of audit staff, including their continuing professional education; and the existence of quality control systems and external peer reviews."

"Decreased leg blood flow and vascular conductance are present in elderly compared to young subjects during whole body exercise [ 18 ] and in response to reactive hyperemia [ 13 ] . Decreased basal limb blood flow was related to increased vasoconstriction in the elderly compared to younger individuals [ 19 ] . However, not all studies have shown age related changes in blood flow."

"Listed reasons (and number of patients) for missing exercise time data at 24 weeks were: 'exercise test not done due to death' (n = 30), 'exercise testing contraindicated' (n = 9), and 'exercise test not done for other reasons' (n = 10)."

"Inactivity has been associated with impaired efficiency of peripheral oxygen extraction [ 32 ] and reduced blood flow after cuff ischemia [ 33 ] . Conversely, exercise training results in greater maximal flow capacity [ 31 34 ] . Regular aerobic exercise also prevents the age-associated loss in endothelium dependent vasodilation maintaining maximal flow capacity [ 9 ] . Our findings support previous research that maximal flow capacity is maintained by aerobic exercise and is independent of age."

"Because many questions required the recall of adolescent factors, the interview used three memory tools developed during the pilot phase of this study: a visualization exercise, a magnetic memory board, and photographs of girls at various stages of development in a variety of social settings."

#NAME?

"Thirdly, the underscored health risk behaviors were tobacco use, weight control, dietary intake, and exercise."

It would be a silly and pointless exercise to evaluate evidence in light of a theory we believe to be false.)

"Tonic patterns of activity, in contrast, would not only promote the mobilization of extracellular calcium but also increase the number of store-operated calcium channels with each bout of exercise."

"During the course of this exercise many improvements and capabilities were made to the software, culminating in a well-exercised code-base for Apollo."

Many fire and police agencies that responded had extensive prior experience working together on regional events and training exercises.

"It is widely accepted that exercise affects blood cholesterol and other lipids in a positive way, by regulating the metabolism of all lipids in the blood."

NEADS: Is this real-world or exercise?

Three types of evidence are cited to support the idea that mental exercise can improve one's chances of escaping Alzheimer disease.

"With no other information (for the purpose of this exercise), if fewer than 14 case studies were to be made, selecting states typical in size such as Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, and Indiana would make sense."

"Listed reasons (and number of patients) for missing exercise time data at 24 weeks were: 'exercise test not done due to death' (n = 30), 'exercise testing contraindicated' (n = 9), and 'exercise test not done for other reasons' (n = 10)."

"In addition, an understanding of the molecular signaling events that drive the beneficial effects of exercise on human physiology could foster the development of novel drugs, devices, or biological agents designed to substitute for exercise."

"Interestingly, is that the adoption of Mediterranean diet by physically active people is associated with much higher reduction of the odds of developing acute coronary event, than diet or exercise achieve alone."

"Many individuals who otherwise would develop diabetes or cardiovascular disease would benefit if advances in exercise biology revealed novel measures to promote the favorable effects on insulin sensitivity, lipoprotein metabolism, and blood pressure that are known to accrue through regular physical activity."

"The former have a high oxidative capacity and high demand for O 2 delivery, while the latter have a lower oxidative capacity and a reduced demand for O 2 [ 17 ] . Studies of mixed muscle show greater capillarity and/or higher rates of blood flow during exercise in regions composed primarily of oxidative fibers compared to regions with a high proportion of glycolytic fibers [ 24 25 26 27 28 ] . Thus, the regional difference observed in VEGF signal may be related to differences in innate fiber phenotype."

"Comparing this estimate of the arriving shift volume to the leaving shift volume, and assuming the shifting volume went from the basic price (which does not change in this exercise) to a ""price"" equal to the sum of the new workshare price and the user cost, I found that the implied elasticity of the growth of the shifting volume was generally in the neighborhood of -2."

"All individuals have different capacities to perform aerobic or anaerobic exercise, partly depending on their muscle fiber composition."

It brings additional evidence on the central fatigue and provides means of quantifying the fatigue development in the isometric exercise.

"Long the province of physiologists who have contributed valuable insights in past decades, exercise science more recently has attracted the attention of molecular biologists, who have recognized the biological interest and medical importance of this field."

"2 %/sec [ 9 ] . This study showed 60 % ligament tearing in the control group, 44% ligament tearing and 39% bony avulsion with 8 weeks of immobilization, 45 % ligament tearing and 36% bony avulsion from an exercise group, and 65 % ligament tearing from a reconditioning group [ 9 ] ."

"For purposes of this exercise, there are at least seven categories of costs and four benefits that might be reviewed."

The third type of evidence suggesting that mental exercise may help to prevent Alzheimer disease comes from neurobiology studies that show greater brain complexity in those with higher levels of mental activity.

"Congress cannot recast a condition on funding as a mere definition of its program in every case, lest the First Amendment be reduced to a simple semantic exercise."

"They were told that not only the threat reports from abroad but also the recent convictions in the East Africa bombings trial, the conviction of Ahmed Ressam, and the just-returned KhobarTowers indictments reinforced the need to ""exercise extreme vigilance."""

"' Two hundred and forty of the 317 randomized patients had exercise test done with good compliance at four, 12, and 24 weeks."

This exercise has served to build credibility and help demonstrate the value that IT adds to the organization.

"This validation exercise further illustrates the ability of large, simple trials to answer important public health questions requiring large sample sizes and to grapple with unexpected results in a responsible and meaningful manner."

"Inactivity has been associated with impaired efficiency of peripheral oxygen extraction [ 32 ] and reduced blood flow after cuff ischemia [ 33 ] . Conversely, exercise training results in greater maximal flow capacity [ 31 34 ] . Regular aerobic exercise also prevents the age-associated loss in endothelium dependent vasodilation maintaining maximal flow capacity [ 9 ] . Our findings support previous research that maximal flow capacity is maintained by aerobic exercise and is independent of age."

"In the bariatric clinic at Behavioral Medicine Center for Treatment and Research (BMedCTR) in Portland, Oregon, among the patients who failed, a subset was observed to have unusual difficulty adhering to diet and exercise plans, and as a result lost less fat mass than typically occurs."

"This may be related to the small number of control muscles processed, or with fundamental differences between the exercise and electrical stimulation protocols."

"Intensive lifestyle modifications such as exercise and weight loss should be made to improve cholesterol, blood pressure, and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors [2]."

"As with other types of internal controls, this is a cycle of activity, not an exercise with a defined beginning and end."

This may translated to a reduction in the risk for developing atherosclerosis [ 1 ] . How much exercise is required to increase HDL-cholesterol levels and improve the overall lipid profile?

"In 1998, Clarke chaired an exercise designed to highlight the inadequacy of the solution."

We then conducted an all-against-all homology modelling exercise where every member of the family was modelled on every other template (resulting in 29 and 60 models for each member of the globin and immunoglobulin families respectively).

", resistance exercise training), substrate availability (e.g."

"Under anaerobic conditions (insufficient oxygen supply to the working muscles), energy is produced via the glycolytic pathway, which results in lactate accumulation and in turn limits anaerobic exercise."

HCFA found that notice and comment procedures were unnecessary with respect to this regulatory change since it did not involve an exercise of agency discretion.

"In some patients, subjective relief may also be associated with a measurable increase in exercise tolerance and mobility [ 50 51 ] ."

"At the time diagnoses had been made, a behavior was not considered a symptom of ADHD if occurring only in association with obesity treatment, for example, trouble adhering to diet or exercise plans."

"Using proportions simplifies the illustration, but the idea can easily be conveyed to the estimation of continuous data as well, such as BP, exercise time, hemodynamic measures, and lipoprotein levels."

"It has been shown that those who decrease their fat intake through dieting, but maintain an active exercise program, note an increase in HDL-cholesterol levels [ 1 19 ] . Thus, if we use the above example, one can easily realize the benefits of reducing cholesterol through dieting while HDL-cholesterol are maintained."

It is clear that VEGF mRNA levels are elevated over resting after both 1 hour of treadmill exercise and 1 hour of electrical stimulation.

GOVERNMENTAL RECEIPTS - Collections from the public that result primarily from the exercise of the Government's sovereign or governmental powers.

"Exercises were conducted to counter this threat, but they were not based on actual intelligence."

"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess treatment effect of pimobendan on exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure [ 3 ] . 'The primary pre-specified analysis of exercise time was limited to those patients who had at least the first follow up (four-week) exercise test carried out and had shown good compliance up to the day of the test."

"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess treatment effect of pimobendan on exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure [ 3 ] . 'The primary pre-specified analysis of exercise time was limited to those patients who had at least the first follow up (four-week) exercise test carried out and had shown good compliance up to the day of the test."

"Listed reasons (and number of patients) for missing exercise time data at 24 weeks were: 'exercise test not done due to death' (n = 30), 'exercise testing contraindicated' (n = 9), and 'exercise test not done for other reasons' (n = 10)."

Aging has been associated with decreased function and exercise performance [ 1 2 ] . Decreased exercise performance has been related to decreased oxidative capacity [ 3 4 ] and decreased muscle mass [ 4 ] . Vascular alterations in structure and function due to aging could also contribute to decreased exercise performance through impaired blood flow [ 5 ] . Decreased capillary density [ 6 ] and a thickening of vascular walls [ 7 ] are present with aging.

"For the 2001 Positive Force 01 exercise, see DOD briefing (Apr."

"Westerterp and his colleagues have reported two observations: first, that general activity contributes more to energy consumption than “aerobic exercise” does and second, that many subjects who initiate an exercise program (such as a twice weekly visit to the gym) overcompensate so that they actually decrease overall activity [23]."

"Cardiovascular diseases, a major health concern in industrialized countries [ 1 2 3 4 ] , include vasculopathies such as atherosclerosis [ 5 ] and autoimmune vascular diseases such as lupus [ 6 ] , graft versus host disease [ 7 ] , and systemic sclerosis [ 8 ] . Many factors are involved in the development and progression of these diseases including lifestyle (diet, smoking, and lack of physical exercise); genes, and environment [ 1 2 3 4 ] . Also, infectious agents, including both bacterial (Chlamydia) [ 9 10 ] , and viral (CMV) [ 11 12 ] , have been implicated."

"The SEMG signal is a convenient mean to study the muscle behavior under fatiguing exercise, as it proves time-dependent changes, provided care is taken to prevent cross talk from adjacent muscles."

Both treadmill exercise and muscle electrical stimulation protocols were used to initiate the total VEGF mRNA response in rat skeletal muscle.

"Another successful approach is to teach one concept, such as data collection, at a time, allowing time in between for nursing home staff to apply the concept in either a mock workshop exercise, or as a real-life exercise at their own facility."

"Traditionally, the danger to any management reform is that it can become a hollow, paper-driven exercise."

well i'm sort of an exercise fanatic i'm big on swimming

"Nevertheless, the wealth of experience we gained, as well as the tools we developed in the process of reannotating the Drosophila genome, will be a valuable resource to any group wishing to undertake a similar exercise."

he does lots of you know he's he's he's fast moving with them they'll do this exercise they'll do that they'll do this they'll do that he keeps them moving quick enough that you know when they stop losing attention they start you know they're the all of a sudden they're switched

"Until 9/11, few Saudis would have considered government oversight of charitable donations necessary; many would have perceived it as interference in the exercise of their faith."

i enjoy that and that and i i think i use that as a phase of of my exercise program yeah

"Collections are classified as follows:-- Budget receipts or off-budget receipts are collections from the public based on the government's exercise of its sovereign powers, including collections from participants in compulsory social insurance programs."

no i don't i don't get as much exercise as i as i should as or or as i would like to uh

None of them was involved in any type of regular exercise program involving strenuous activity.

well the boys think it's fun plus you get your exercise and you you do get to stop once in a while when there is a can to rest so but

"Reversible change of endothelial cell shape, mutual orientation of cells in certain directions, changes in intercellular contacts, are controlled by a number of factors, such as, cooperative stimulation of the receptors or the systems of second messengers [ 32, 33], dietary ingredients, e.g., retinoids [ 34], exercise [ 35, 36], and fluid-imposed shear stress [ 37, 38, 39]."

but i think that uh exercise i think everyone needs exercise

"This paper exercise involved a scenario in which a group of terrorists commandeered a Learjet on the ground in Atlanta, loaded it with explosives, and flew it toward a target in Washington, D.C."

um last summer i was a a swim instructor all all summer and and lifeguard so it was really easy for me to get quite a bit of exercise swimming and

"Greater knowledge of how cells and tissues are modified in response to recurring bouts of exercise provides a basis for more precise recommendations as to the mode, intensity, and amount of exercise required to produce specific health benefits (e.g."

its just so expensive and you know this little exercise we did this week with out daughter we just cringed it just

Weight or weight change are sometimes used as the outcome in evaluations of interventions such as diet or exercise programs.

uh it do you you obviously are are not an exercise buff or else you'd be out there doing it

"Greater knowledge of how cells and tissues are modified in response to recurring bouts of exercise provides a basis for more precise recommendations as to the mode, intensity, and amount of exercise required to produce specific health benefits (e.g."

it's just a put off i don't know why i don't do more and i and i know that it's good for my health i know you know from everything that you read and you see on television now exercise is so important to good health

"Traditionally, the danger to any management reform is that it can become a hollow, paper-driven exercise where management improvement initiatives are not integrated into the day-to-day activities of the organization."

i don't Vinny i'm a a CPA and this time of year i'm dang busy but uh i do do a lot of exercise in the spring and summer and in the fall

but uh yeah i need to start jogging again i've always found that to be uh uh really one of the best forms of exercise but it's terribly boring and so i really don't ever keep a a program up consistently

all right i guess this is a great time to talk about fitness with everybody and their New Year's resolutions and going out and getting their recor regular exercise program um do you recor exercise regularly

you have to you have to do it correctly it's you know it's like an exercise in itself but a lot of people uh strain themselves doing it

of the exercise program you have

um it seems to have so many other benefits you know besides just the exercise

and it doesn't deal with just exercise or just stress management or just diet or anything it it's

i you know i was a solid weight trainer and all i did was weights and anaerobic exercise and then my wife got me into the aerobic exercise said you really need to do it so

and uh that wasn't too bad i it was good exercise

but um i guess the bicycling is the one thing i'll sort of like do if i feel like i need to go exercise um but i do it mostly for fun

and when you want to do it it's really really aggravating you know it it's one thing to get motivated to start doing the exercise and it's another thing to to already

so i have an exercise bike at home but i don't use it it just kind of sits there in the corner

i mean i don't have a problem with weight either but i think i don't have a problem because i exercise you know i mean people are always saying to me how do you stay thin and it's because i exercise but i also watch what i eat

well yeah if it's exercise it's a task i don't want to do anything i have to do

okay what kind of exercise do you do or do you do any

oh no we go ourselves a lot of time we'll walk just to get in the exercise uh depending on how the weather is if it's too hot or something then we'll then we'll ride but we we just like you know getting outdoors and

well um i have a a a former exercise program i'm a graduate student and this semester i'll tell you what i it's been almost impossible for me to get you know back to regular exercise

i am nervous in Dallas i mean i you know i mean i go to like an aerobics class or something you know i um seventy women in your average size exercise class in a public um parks and rec building and you are supposed to feel safe but then there are all these

it's it's kind of kept me from getting cabin fever and um has seemed to be a real nice aerobic exercise

doing this exercise

i just feel good whenever i exercise feel so much better i'm getting ready to go skiing

or uh exercise program course it shows getting a little bit heavier but uh i have a hard time going out and running though that's that's pretty difficult for me to do i don't know why but

it is it's aerobics but it's with dance steps it's an aerobic exercise and it's an hour straight and it's just um it's a lot of fun i feel like i'm not just exercising

that one of the most important thing about enjoying your exercise and getting it regularly just to have it in your life style like and not be like

sure yeah that makes a difference when you have somebody to go with and to do the same the same thing like it's misery loves company i don't really love exercise i mean some i the neighbor across the street she goes belongs to President's and

okay Martin do you do any exercise

um good exercise and some of the desired results but you you're doing it for fun

i don't very often do things for the sake of exercise i don't feel well unless i am exercising and i try to do things that involve exercise but i very rarely do things

the main thing i guess for me is just to enjoy it because once it starts seeming like you know exercise and a chore i'll lay off of it more

well is there anything else about exercise we can talk about

and i understand that walking is suppose to be like the best exercise better than running things like that because it it works everything and it gets your breathing up and it it doesn't

well you know i have noticed too that uh uh when i started the exercise uh not the exercise but the walking program uh that i did tone up you know like all over but it didn't get the upper part of my body and uh so

let's see oh i tried exercise classes and i never would go we find we joined exercising

the uh swimming they say uses more muscles than any other exercise with

you do what type of exercise do you do

no we don't that's on our wish list one of these days but that's how we get our exercise is get out there with the mower and

um but but i just you know more or less stuck to like an exercise bike and that kind of thing um

yeah i do walk some too my wife's about five months along so she's been walking quite a bit so that that is a good exercise for that

it's kind of a vicious circle isn't it yeah i find too that i have more energy when i exercise and i and uh you know it's silly not to but i don't know

But it was a necessary exercise.

"Like when we got to go outside to the exercise yard."""

Vascular function is altered with aging and may influence muscle blood flow and exercise performance.

This month we are beginning a yearlong strategic planning exercise that will result in a shared vision and mission for the School as well as a set of strategies for achieving our goals.

"“Good sleep, healthy eating habits, and regular exercise each may have important roles in fighting obesity in modern society,” suggests Mignot."

you know my family time in conjunction with my exercise time exercise program and uh we really seem to enjoy that

"It’s an excellent focal point, giving new visitors an easy reference to establish their location; it’s a spectacular vantage point for many of the city’s great landmarks; and its bridges and quays offer history, entertainment, shopping… and exercise."

"This was sufficient for the state to bar her admission, and the Supreme Court, with only one justice dissenting, thought this was an acceptable exercise of state power."

"There is one person with whom I have a fairly regular postal mail correspondence, and that is because we are both trying to make a literary exercise of our writing to each other and he, alas, does not have e-mail."

"In our data, we found that the odds ratio of high levels of self-reported exercise (>7 h/wk), based on a single survey question, decreased with increased sleep time, but controlling for this variable also did not change our findings (analyses not shown)."

when you uh exercise what do you do do you do it at home or a club or

In the very early morning the park is taken over by people doing tai-chi exercises.

38 The purpose was to restore the earlier jurisprudence of the Court and “to provide a claim or defense to persons whose religious exercise is substantially burdened by government.”

Part II: HELPFUL HINTS is a partial answer key for the exercises in the COMMON ROOTS and provides the meaning and etymology of one root per exercise word.

"Listed reasons (and number of patients) for missing exercise time data at 24 weeks were: 'exercise test not done due to death' (n = 30), 'exercise testing contraindicated' (n = 9), and 'exercise test not done for other reasons' (n = 10)."

okay um i um find exercise kind of a task i guess i'd say i go to aerobics two days a week but i also have three kids at home so they keep me pretty busy

"What makes the exhibition truly dreary, however, is the pretense that it's daring, when really it's an exercise in intellectual conformity."

"The place to be seen is the Hilton Hotel, which (in common with most Budapest casinos) offers French and American roulette, blackjack, poker, punto banco, baccarat and, to clear you of loose change and give you a bit of exercise, slot machines."

"The idea was put aside in the early planning of the exercise as too much of a distraction from the main focus (war in Korea), and as too unrealistic."

play basketball ride bikes that's my exercise part of my hobbies i guess

"It is undeniable that the word-stock of a language can be derived from a vast corpus of its writing and speech to produce a dictionary; a grammar can be likewise derived, but such exercises are rare and are usually confined to work on dead languages."

"Most international hotels maintain full-service fitness centers with exercise machines, saunas, indoor swimming pools, and other facilities such as tennis courts, with day rates for non-guests."

Exercise.

but i guess my main exercise right now is probably golf

"If only Klein weren't so categorically averse to American health culture, he might allow that a little self-imposed Puritanism now and then--a little punishing exercise here, a little culinary deprivation there--can be a sensual pleasure too, albeit of a different sort."

"The garish painting, an exercise in bad judgment and sloppy execution, depicts evolution from an ammonite to a dinosaur to advanced (and presumably socialist) Homo sapiens."

"For older adults, health practices that could influence the brain include sound nutrition, sufficient sleep, stress management, treatment of mood or anxiety disorders, good vascular health, physical exercise, and avoidance of head trauma."

well maybe you know maybe not i'd say i'd say at twenty two you don't necessarily need a plan as long as you're getting getting the exercise otherwise

Part II: HELPFUL HINTS is a partial answer key for the exercises in the COMMON ROOTS and provides the meaning and etymology of one root per exercise word.

"We hope to be able to practise all five of our exercises, one of the organizers told the paper."

But even that is not as shocking as the photos all three tabloids have run of Lewinsky in exercise clothes.

Because employers have strong reasons to tailor the training to assure its practical value and to avoid wasting funds on feel-good exercises.

"While liberals call this ""censorship,"" conservatives spin it as an affirmation and exercise of freedom."

"The studies (noncontroversial, nonpolitical, and in no way intended to affect the impeachment process) found that while moderate exercise does not burn many calories, it is beneficial to the one in four Americans who spend most of their time sitting."

It merely demands a certain and prompt conclusion to the exercise that is acceptable to the United States.

But the novel is a refined exercise.

"To work that off, she gets her exercise down at le fitness gym."

"A 1996 report on ""Physical Activity and Health"" by the U.S. Surgeon General complains that ""despite common knowledge that exercise is healthful, more than 60 percent of American adults are not regularly active, and 25 percent of the adult population are not active at all."""

NATO is planning military exercises in Albania and Macedonia to deter further Serbian aggression against Kosovo . Background: Yugoslav President (read: Serbian strongman) Slobodan Milosevic has launched a military assault on ethnic Albanian rebels who seek Kosovar (read: ethnic Albanian) independence from Yugoslavia.

"Murphy's comment seems to be an exercise in evading blame . Rather than saying, ""Gosh, I'm sorry,"" Capt."

One Globe photographer's prayers must have been answered when he followed Brooke Shields and new boyfriend Chris Henchy on what was supposed to be a simple exercise outing.

NATO ministers say the exercises are designed to 1) scare Milosevic and 2) allow NATO to avoid actual military involvement.

"Tonight's program focuses on stress, exercise, nutrition and sex with Celtic Scott Wedman, Dr. Ruth Westheimer and Dick Cavett."

"After five years or more of such exercise, even if the individual cannot recall the difference between imply and infer , at least it is likely that whenever a choice is encountered a small bell will ring somewhere in the recesses of his mind, recalling a long-forgotten paper for which the grade might have been reduced because of a failure to know the difference."

"Indicting him was an exercise in prosecutorial pique, doomed to fail."

"Because Felipe is believed to have ordered murders from his cell in a New York prison, he has been kept even more isolated, but a ruling by federal Judge John Martin allows Felipe into the exercise yard."

"This analysis is, of course, an absurd exercise, but no more absurd than anything else about today."

"The portrait may well be accurate--Naipaul is not a writer with a reputation for warmheartedness--but all that can be concluded from the exercise is that, at best, one monster deserved the other."

"Lace up your walking shoes, stride out to Carolina Place and join us in a form of exercise everyone can enjoy … Mall Walking, says shopcarolinaplace.com (which points out that its concourses are ""climate controlled and barrier free"")."

"A bicycle is no longer just a bike; it may now be a ten-speed bike, a mountain bike (now tagged as an ATB , or `allterrain bike'), or a stationary bike (also known as an exercise bike ). The backword in the offing, already used by many, is road bike , though it usually means a ten-speed, which is now used as a noun."

"Quilters is a model exercise in branding, that Holy Grail of our times."

"Later, Léger would claim he freed himself from Cézanne by means of abstraction; the path-breaking paintings he called ""Contrast of Forms"" (circa 1913)--fully abstract exercises in funnels, cylinders, and arcs--retain all their vigorous charm."

"Nossiter's script about an affair between a homeless man (David Suchet) and a woman (Lisa Harrow) who mistakes him for a British filmmaker is called ""elegant"" (Daphne Merkin, The New Yorker ), and Suchet is said to give ""a virtuoso turn"" (John Anderson, the Los Angeles Times ). Dissenting, the New York Times ' Stephen Holden calls the film a formulaic, ""overly schematic exercise in cinematic hide-and-seek."""

"Calling his own film ""an exercise in mendacity,"" Barker goes on, ""I'm quite happy to tell lies about my characters and even collude with their self-delusions if it enables me to communicate larger dramatic truths."""

", in fact, is antithetical to Bush's educational career, which looks like nothing more than a rote exercise in credentialism."

"I think our country deserves a president who, when he makes a mistake, is willing to acknowledge it and willing to learn from it, because I believe that the presidency is not an academic exercise."

Could it be that I should be engaging in a more formal kind of exercise?

"The around-the-world balloon race, by contrast, is a nonsensical exercise."

"Consult your physician before beginning an exercise program."""

"Displays of historical costume have always revealed the way fashion-plate chic used to be adapted by clever dressmakers for the beefy or dumpy or flat-chested, but we're now used to thinking that fashionable bodies are molded to fit the mode, with the help of individualized exercise, liposuction, and implants."

Marc gets his exercise by putting on his baskets training shoes and probably un training or un jogging track suit and goes out for un footing a jog.

"Part III: SUBJECTS consists of three categories of specialized words and phrases, which are further divided into 36 subjects, each of which, through an illustrative example and a wide selection of exercises entries, provides additional practice in dissecting, analyzing, reconstructing, defining, and providing commentaries for English words."

"The NYT reports that the ""spirited contests"" between candidates isn't enough to spark much enthusiasm for the old-fashioned exercise in democracy: though presidential hopefuls have stumped tirelessly throughout the state (save John McCain, who is skipping Iowa to concentrate on next week's primary in New Hampshire), only one-ninth of registered voters are expected to turn out Monday night to stand up and nominate their candidates."

"On some level, I feel the same way about the exercise we've just concluded."

"Puppeteering 101 : As an exercise in spin analysis, Culturebox puts this question to you, dear reader: Who looks more like a buffoon in the wake of James Fallows's leaving U.S."

"There's the black Heathers category , the most recent exercise being the reportedly awful Jawbreaker . There's the self-referential horror category as manifest in the Scream movies."

"Writing, after all, is one of the best forms of exercise, good for body and soul."

"For most songwriters after ""After The Ball,"" for everyone from Irving Berlin to Carole King, lyric-writing was an exercise in compression."

"Some even maintain that the credit is an exercise in liberal social engineering, intended to pry women away from their children and into the workplace."

"You could read Jackson's ruling as essentially implying that Microsoft's monopoly over the PC operating system means that any expansion into other contiguous markets--and most computing markets can still be construed as in some way contiguous to the PC--is an unacceptable exercise of monopoly power, then what kind of business can Microsoft legally pursue?"

"Fast food, lack of exercise, and especially drug abuse and the breakdown of the extended family are implicated."

"The causes: Americans eat more, exercise less, and increasingly tolerate tubbiness."

"That prohibitions on establishing religion ensure free exercise is such a simple concept, and yet it's so widely ignored."

"William B. Ober's article, “Writing Maketh an Exact Man” [XVIII,2] was enjoyable not just--as in all his work--for its quirky insights and elegant style, but also--uncharacteristically--as an exercise in irony."

"Which is the opposite in every way of In the Company of Men , a dazzling, repellent exercise in which the case against men is closed before it's opened."

"We're going to do the Wild One exercise again, Mr. Vice President. The kicking and punching made for decent exercise, but I wasn't aching the next day. Weak governors also face limits of one or two terms, making them automatic lame ducks: They tend to govern less independently and exercise less clout with legislatures than strong governors, who, because they can repeatedly succeed themselves, amass more and more political power. Birch, unlike Clinton, had to give a principled answer--uh, yes""--at which point Will and Bennett dragged her through the sordid exercise of distinguishing gay marriage from polygamy and incest."

"As Freud underlined, playing on the multiple meanings of words is an exercise in thrift: two or more meanings for one word or phrase."

"Michiko Kakutani seems downright irritated: ""The volume is basically a case of a skilled writer lazily using his sleight of hand to toss off what (with two or three exceptions) are pure exercises in craft"" (the New York Times ). (Find out more about author Amis on the New York Times ' ""Featured Author"" page.)"

"But quarreling with an exercise like this, while enjoyable, misses the point."

"How does Prudie feel about exercise as the road to a trimmer, slimmer you?"

Can it be that our exercise in stunt online writing is nearing its conclusion already?

The Disney Exercise Program

"Halfway through the run, I tried our next sport-food contestant: Power Gel from PowerBar, a little packet of goo that one is meant to squeeze into one's mouth in the midst of an exercise session."

"If the purpose of the whole exercise is to figure out what our social policies should be, then, ""Which is more predictive, IQ or socioeconomic status?"""

"Not long ago, out of curiosity, I picked up some exercise videos by Billy Blanks, the king of Tae-Bo."

"In one sense, this has made the exercise of trying to game the Fed easier, since there's more material to go on."

Chocolate Truffle is way too rich to be eating before or during exercise.

What we're witnessing is a wonderful exercise in two-track thinking by the people running U.S. corporations and by the shareholders investing in them.

"The official China Daily invoked ""legal experts"" to justify the government's ban last week on the Falun Gong religious sect, which favors deep-breathing exercises."

And you may even enjoy the exercise.

"After days in the sun, and the arduous exercise of building sand castles and going swimming, it made me less angry at the morons who staff the daily papers."

"However, obese people given injections of the hormone leptin in a study lost weight proportionate to dosage and lost fat cells only (25 percent of weight loss from diet and exercise is bone and muscle)."

"The second issue of Talk magazine, Tina Brown and Harvey and Bob Weinstein and Cathleen Black's Wagnerian exercise in Gesamtkunst synergy, has been on newsstands for a week now."

In no one of these can any State ever exercise any power of discrimination between the different races.

"As an English teacher and a linguist, and a writer, I've been advocating writing as good mental exercise for as long as I can remember."

"I scored each one in several areas: how intimidating the class would be to a novice; how much the exercises worked my muscles; how much of an I got; whether it would develop coordination and balance; how much physical contact with other people was involved; and, of course, its value in self-defense."

"It seemed that obese people's only option was a combination of starvation and exercise, while skinny people got to feast and watch television."

Academic success depends on a reputation for cutting-edge research--which typically means either clever mathematical models or ingenious statistical exercises that redefine some important issue or explode some piece of conventional wisdom.

"While it is acknowledged that such a method would not work well for books, the idea was that the number of occurrencies of a lemma (a technical though convenient term for the `thing--word or phrase--under study'), multiplied by, say the Audit Bureau of Circulation sworn circulation of a periodical would yield a figure that could legitimately be called its Exposure . Obviously, such a number would be far too large to manipulate readily, so, using a formula familiar to statisticians, it was normalized to produce a simple decimal number of only a few digits which I called the lemma's Exposure Index . The purpose of the exercise was to connect the frequency information with the language as it is used and perceived; in addition, the approach would serve to eliminate from consideration those materials which, though published, were little read, with a consequent low influence on the lexicon."

"Back when the natural sciences, philosophy, and theology were one great intellectual hodgepodge, proving the existence of God was a relatively commonplace exercise."

3. We're good exercise.

"The main story examines life for homosexuals in America: Gays and lesbians are more accepted, according to polls, and exercise more political power, but right-wing opposition has become more focused."

"The NYT makes the point that Livingston, Cox and other members of the Republican House leadership used the Sunday chat shows to politick for their jobs, an unprecedented exercise."

"Annas concludes that since there's ""no way to know how much of their beauty is a product of their genes, plastic surgery, a makeup artist, or exercise,"" only a ""naive"" person would buy their eggs on the basis of the photographs displayed on the site."

"It's important to remember, of course, that not engaging in certain kinds of leisure activity (read: exercise) will also kill you; heart disease remains the No. 1 cause of death in the United States."

"In retrospect, Clinton appears to have shrewdly pitted the Ickes group against Morris as an exercise in the management style FDR called ""creative tension."""

"You'd think that all this would just add interest--who needs more artificial sunniness from television, anyway?--but Felicity , alas, is no Ingmar Bergman movie, or even a Quentin Tarantino one, and the darkness just turns some delightful teen-age fare into an exercise in viewer masochism."

"Comical misogyny, like that underpinning today's question, comes in a variety of forms, none more impressive than The Man Show , a beer-fueled, bikini-clad exercise in frat-boy reassurance that debuts this week on Comedy Central."

And walking is wonderful exercise.

"All this in contrast to the stark scene evident everywhere in East Timor, what the LAT calls ""the most vicious and thorough scorched-earth exercise that Southeast Asia has seen since World War II."""

An Exercise in Microwaveconomics

"One is lulled into thinking that these contorted bathers are mere exercises in the handling of pastel, and not the work of, in the poet Paul Valéry's words, ""a supremely cruel authority on female contours and poses."""

Two hours on the golf course makes a serious dent in the problem of getting some exercise; maybe it's time to see what else in life is worthy of attention.

"For example, a common language exercise in schools is to ask students to complete well-known proverbial sayings like those below: each is followed by the completions given in one Caribbean school (as collected over a period of time by a teacher)."

Prowler jet on a low-flying exercise from the U.S. air base at nearby Aviano cut through the wire of a cable car Tuesday and sent 20 skiers plunging to their deaths.

"America's obsession with physical fitness has brought us specialty group calisthenics, which we designate jazzercise, aerobicise , or dancercise on the model exercise , depending on what type of music is playing or degree of enthusiasm."

"In theory, John Hope Franklin is the perfect chair for an anodyne exercise in racial reconciliation."

"The ""primary target"" of the exercise, says the Times was Slobodan Milosevic, the Serbian president of Yugoslavia, meaning that the intent was to make it clear to him that he has to stop the attacks on Albanians in Kosovo province and start peace talks with them."

"A better way to achieve equality would be a redistribution of physical fitness in which everybody engages in sensible, moderate exercise, and nobody engages in BASE (an acronym for ""building, antenna, span, earth""), which, according to Time, involves hurtling off a cliff or a bridge on a bicycle with a parachute on your back."

"This work , it cannot be refrained from being pointed out, has as its chief topic that exercise that in our own great palmy day was considered least worthy of writerly elucidation."

"And in this case, the exercise is illuminating."

"And according to the WP TV column, the two talk when they're in the exercise yard together--about old-time flicks they've enjoyed on Turner Classic Movies, which they see via the prison's free cable hook-up."

"The question of what new programs to support would be a largely theoretical exercise, at least for a while."

"How to Live to 100 advises exercise, low-fat food, and perseverance."

"An editorial in the Jakarta Post declared the elections ""a triumph for the Indonesian people and democracy,"" but in light of predictions that Golkar would poll strongly in the country's outer islands and might be able to hold on to power with the help of small Islamic parties, the Post said, ""It would be a hollow victory and a terrible irony if our exercise in democracy failed to produce the very goal of the whole process: Voting out the status quo and putting a proreform government in its place."""

An investigation discovered that the officer marched his troops faster than was recommended and ignored other safety procedures during a training exercise this summer.

"If the codes really are an innocent bookkeeping exercise, there's any easy way for the Bush campaign to dispel suspicion."

"In other words, an encyclopedia is an enormous exercise in self-justification."

"If the questions and answers were formulated more precisely, the site could make for a fascinating exercise."

But it seems clear from the examples he gives that having a satisfactory old age depends on adequacy of physical exercise and moderation of eating and drinking in the years before.

"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."

"Calling on the United States and NATO to ""undertake a damage-limitation exercise in earnest,"" it said the most important thing is for the United States to make ""a proper and public apology."

"The defining of a concept like `specific learning disability' is far more than an intellectual exercise, for the applicability of laws that relate to people with “an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations” (as described in U.S."

"He had, in his wretched twenties, dangling by a wrecked arm on a homemade exercise gibbet, accepted, no, hugged to himself the knowledge that life was hard and then you died."

"In fact, determining the winners is the point of the exercise."

"These are obviously apprentice works, the equivalent of art-book sketches, practice-room exercises."

Put it this way: Lundgren kickboxes; Carradine studies tai chi--those slow-motion exercises that old people do in the park.

"Robert Shrum's comparison of the ""Harry and Louise"" ad campaign with that being conducted by the Global Climate Information Project (""Harry and Louise Go to Kyoto"") is no more than an interesting academic exercise and a cynical misrepresentation of both the facts of the global-climate debate and the membership of the National Association of Manufacturers."

"Saturdays and Sundays the family spends time at le week-end weekend retreat, holiday home by the sea, and the bobtail Old English sheepdog gets more exercise than in town."

Nor does Big Blue exercise the kind of financial or cultural power that Morgan once did.

"Fill-in-the-blanks exercises have been fashioned into what are known as cloze tests , which are designed to test passages for readability and readers for comprehension."

"The WP also comments that doctors don't think pregnant women need special access, and in fact, some doctors advise them to park far away from stores, for the extra exercise."

"Most people--especially the obese--fib about diet and exercise and, when observed, tend to change their behavior."

"While as an exercise in news judgment this was eminently reasonable, it was also unfair."

"The London-based al-'Arab said Cohen's Gulf tour had been successful as an arms-selling exercise but a relative flop politically because he had ""failed to obtain the traditional show of collective Gulf support for the policy of aggression his country pursues against Iraq."""

Some say her probable New York senate campaign is a public exercise of marital therapy ( Capitol Gang's Kate O'Beirne and McLaughlin's Tony Blankley).

The LAT suggests it's that the nuclear power industry doesn't like shouldering the extra cost of participating in the security exercises.

"Clif SHOT has potassium as well, and cuts out the maltodextrin (sugar) that Gu loads up on, but it also boasts caffeine, which I'm not sure I want during exercise."

"The presidency is not an academic exercise, he declared this afternoon to the crowd of ""family farm"" folk in a barn in Perry, Iowa, using one of his favorite lines."

"I am surrounded by exercise nuts, both in my family and at work."

"DC just shelled out a fortune for a new MCI stadium downtown, and a new Redskins stadium, and every idiotic newsman and woman is required to nod knowingly when the sports guy makes some obscure reference to some impenetrable football play, and anyone like me who finds the entire exercise faintly ridiculous is regarded as unpatriotic and unmanly."

"Amy's View , the best of the recent works to show up here, is a more familiar and successful exercise."

"He had a heart attack while working out on his exercise bike, just three weeks before he was to turn over his office to Gov.-elect Jeb Bush."

Dole's attacks on the Times have the appearance of being an exercise in populist demagogy.

"The profile of hirsute New Age physician Andrew Weil criticizes his anecdotal approach to bee-venom therapy, acupuncture, and the like, but concludes that most of his recommendations--low-fat diet, exercise, vitamins--are medically sound."

"My point was simply that he's not an exemplary role model, and it's ridiculous for business executives to think that Shakespeare had handed them a road map to the unproblematic exercise of power."

"In a story titled ""Richard Simmons' Sad Lonely Life,"" the Globe reports that the flamboyant exercise guru prefers food to sex, which he says is ""overrated."""

"This ""deeply unsettling and sophisticated horror story"" (Megan Harlan, Entertainment Weekly ) is ""more than a brilliant exercise of darkness,"" (Richard Eder, the New York Times ), it is a work of unusual emotional impact and craft."

"A cow is blown up during an exercise, and the Americans are showered with bloody chunks of beef--a harbinger of the insane slaughter to come."

"Entries mocking the soppy Harvard sentimentality of this exercise, or Chatterbox's low moral standing (as a cyberjournalist) to be fretting about this problem, are not welcome."

The simplest explanation for this rise might be the desire for a little exercise.

I would recommend these metaphysical exercises as a cheap alternative to reading The Face and The Hand .

"If language is a continual exercise in combination and permutation, it makes sense that such expressions, or lusus linguae , will always be with us."

"So next year, let's switch from the Gay Pride Parade to the Gay Pride Street Fair--good exercise, a cultural celebration, and a chance to buy inexpensive socks."

"They are permitted to spend one hour per day in separate cages in the exercise yard, where they can speak to each other through mesh fences."

"6) about ""diet, exercise, recreational renewal with Marianne."""

"Or it could simply be a bright but chuckleheaded exercise in consumerism"" (Herbert Muschamp, the New York Times ). (To learn more about the New Amsterdam, click here.)"

"In its editorial, Le Monde defended the WTO against its French critics, saying it is much better to negotiate with the United States in a multilateral framework than to let the United States exercise its power in bilateral deals with other countries."

"This, the store believed, was due to the fact that catalogs show the merchandise more clearly and that selecting ""things"" is a touching and feeling exercise."

"A 1991 law allows the special forces to conduct overseas exercises if the ""primary purpose is to train U.S. soldiers"" (in the WP 's words)."

"On a page for shoppers, the mall says it plays ""motivational music on Mills TV, so you can treat your mind and body to an enjoyable, healthy and rewarding exercise program."""

Neither exercise is intended to revive the patient.

"And the premise that you must give of your body, not just of your money, makes voluntarism an ideal theme for such an exercise."

"For months on end, Bocca said, they had ignored repeated civilian warnings and protests about the low-flying exercises."

"The writer means ""affidavit,"" since the stated point of this exercise is to enable Tripp to avoid being deposed in person."

"Just days ago, the new warm and fuzzy Newt Gingrich was on tour with a book mostly about diet and exercise."

"While this makes it sound as if Yeltsin is on board with NATO, a separate NYT story inside reports that in a Moscow meeting, Russia's defense minister bluntly dressed down the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs over the timing of the air exercises."

"It is now no more that toleration is spoken of, as if it was by the indulgence of one class of people that another enjoyed the exercise of their inherent natural rights."

"Physical activity, mental exercises, and estrogen (for women) can protect it."

"The century-old Georgian Colonial features five bedrooms, a swimming pool, and an exercise room."

"However, when you spend your money directly communicating the message ""I support candidate X"" (or ""I am candidate X""), that spending is an exercise of free speech protected by the Constitution."

"Luis Felipe, the Latin Kings leader convicted of murder and racketeering, is about to join Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh, World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Ahmed Yousef, and Unabomber Ted Kaczynski for conversation in the exercise yard at the federal ""Super Max"" prison in Florence, Colo."

"The Oakland School Board proclaimed that Ebonics was a language, and that teaching English to speakers of Ebonics was an exercise in bilingualism, comparable, in principle, to teaching English to speakers of Spanish or Vietnamese."

"They call the estate tax an exercise in class warfare , and argue that it drains money from private investment."

"The NYT off-leads with Clinton's order to stop the use of live-fire ammunition in military-training exercises on the Puerto Rican island of Vieques, dubbed the ""crown jewel of live-fire, combined-arms training,"" by the U.S. chief of naval operations in the WP , which stuffs the story."

"Since these changes would affect all government borrowing and investment, not just this particular program, the gap would not have to close completely for the whole exercise to end up a wash."

"Hoffman, for all his straining after naturalistic verisimilitude, remained dependent on acting-class exercises, while Olivier, for all his years of training, had so deeply integrated technique into his being that, like a classical pianist, he could stop thinking about it the moment he began performing."

"As a final exercise, we shifted the labels identifying the white wines to the bottoms of the glasses, where we couldn't read them, and then tried to guess which wine was which."

"It was a fun-loving group, and I would have had as much fun as anybody if I had not had work to do, but keeping the QR going required continual exercise of the will."

yeah i i really prefer outdoor exercise i'm afraid that my favorite indoor exercise is eating apple pie a la mode and that doesn't help very much

All these issues need to be addressed by future interventional exercise studies.

you know i what i like about exercise i love the inaerobic exercise i like

", because the ""'decision not to subsidize the exercise of a fundamental right does not infringe the right,'"" ibid."

you bet you get a lot of exercise that way

"During exercise, slow twitch motor units serving oxidative fibers are recruited first during moderate exercise, and motor units serving glycolytic fibers are recruited later and during more severe exercise [ 1 ] . This is in contrast to electrical stimulation of sufficient intensity where all motor units are thought to be activated simultaneously [ 31 ] . The larger regional difference in VEGF mRNA signal after electrical stimulation may be due to the fact that this protocol was more metabolically demanding than the treadmill exercise protocol, or indeed because the rat muscle was hypoxic during electrical stimulation."

yeah because i'm constantly running my children around someplace and that's where i actually get my exercise

"Physical activity was defined as any type of leisure time exercise or occupational activity, at least 1/week during the past year, and was gradated in qualitative terms such as light (expended calories < 4 Kcal/ min, i.e. walking slowly, cycling stationary, light stretching etc.), moderate (expanded calories 4-7 Kcal/ min, i.e. walking briskly, cycling outdoor, swimming moderate effort etc.) and vigorous (expanded calories >7 Kcal/ min, i.e. walking briskly uphill, long distance running, cycling fast or racing, swimming fast crawl etc.) [ 20 ] . The rest of the subjects were defined as physically inactive."

to walk too i i guess they said it's a good form of exercise i guess uh if you consider that exercise i walk a lot

"This reduction of the coronary risk is much higher than Mediterranean diet or exercise (odds ratio = 0.89, p < 0.05) achieve alone in this group of people."

you know my family time in conjunction with my exercise time exercise program and uh we really seem to enjoy that

"However, some investigators suggest that the way to avoid a decline in HDL-cholesterol that occurs with dieting is to combine diet with exercise."

do you do for exercise do you do anything regularly

"Data presented in Table 1show the normalized mean VEGF mRNA signal in oxidative versus glycolytic muscle regions from rats after 1 hour of treadmill exercise, rats after 1 hour of electrical stimulation, and control rat muscle (neither exercise or electrical stimulation)."

that i don't get any exercise doing that and plus there's a build up of stress so i need to go out and take those walks after dinner and i need to go out in the morning and run or i'll just get nuts

"This program is designed as a single, interactive, 40-50 minute in-class presentation where students are provided with a series of dynamic exercises."

well it's hard to get no exercise while running i mean you pretty much got to move don't you

Whether the regional differences in VEGF mRNA demonstrated here underlie either 1) regional differences in capillarity or 2) regional differences in exercise induced angiogenesis cannot be determined from our study.

i know a doctor once told me it it a friend of mine uh suggested swimming as being the best exercise there is

"It is therefore crucial to find a way of routinizing, even bureaucratizing, the exercise of imagination."

but i i do enjoy um going to a gym and working out or just like i do sit ups sometimes before i go to bed or when i wake up and i ride a exercise bike a lot so

um do you do any exercises for your hand the little muscle in your hand

i guess i'm calling to tell you about my exercise program which is a little bit lacking right now i've slacked off in the last six months but for several years i have walked three miles a day

and i think the exercise helped

exercise

drugs is not a problem at Texas Instruments and the corporation i think are going through this exercise mainly to remain in the good graces of their customer the government

doing the exercises and i guess because they spend all day in back of their desks the average person out on the farm at least traditionally now they drive fancy tractors as much as anything but at least traditionally the laborers last thing pardon me

thank you my exercise basically has been what walking that i can get in

ah i usually enjoy the exercise i do but uh like i said i'm just not very consistent about maintaining a a program

um i do it purely for enjoyment in fact when i've started exercise programs that i felt like i had to do you know a system of doing so many sit ups and that i haven't stuck with it and haven't enjoyed it either one so

exercise i think

okay are you on any kind of uh regular exercise plan

is is that right so you get uh so you get more exercise than

if you know your limits and you stay within those limits i think that you and you're happy with the exercise that you do because i think it's um very imperative that you have a happy

we uh that's you you know that's our favorite form of exercise is is life and we do our own yard you know we uh we we enjoy the activities that provide exercise

that's one of the exercise now i i um

i i have purchased any number of well i say any number i've purchased three different uh types of exercise equipment uh mainly uh

okay what type of exercise do you do

what do you do for exercise

yeah i exercise pretty regularly

it's it's hard to find uh a actual exercise regimen that works for you you know

yeah i i see some of these exercise machines that uh it looks like you're constantly walking up stairs

you get a little of exercise in on that

that keeps plenty of exercise for you

well i have an exercise bicycle in my bedroom but it usually's holding clothes

a lot of places do that now they'll they'll set aside you know like an hour a day that you can go exercise

doesn't work at at at home you know i've bought home exercise equipment and stuff and

but well my main uh exercise the only one i've ever stuck to at all is walking

right you can just trust someone else to give you full exercise and all you do is follow along and enjoy yourself

well um that's a hard question to answer because i do physical things but i don't always set out for them to be exercise

yeah at least its something that you enjoy and i know a lot of people that talk about exercise and say well i don't want to exercise it's too much work but there a lot of different things you can do that that

well i guess that's about it for exercise

um it's uh scaled back considerably uh right now my exercise is pretty much limited to uh softball league and occasional ride on the bike

up it to forty five minutes a morning and i feel like that's been a real nice exercise in the winter time

yeah uh my exercise program i used i did run

hum what kind of exercise program would you think you might want to get into

exactly so the exercise we can pretty much uh get from her uh she always wants to go outside and do things so i'm kind of uh she's an only child too so it's it's not like you can say go out and play with other kids so it's

i play racquetball but i haven't since i've been out of school i don't have anywhere to do that but that's going to start soon again and um i play softball once a week which is kind of more recreation than exercise

and uh so i exercise regularly during the daytime when i'm at the office

"When Chatterbox asked the Journal 's DC bureau chief, Alan Murray, who exercised good judgment in not breaking the Broaddrick story (and--full disclosure-- is Chatterbox's former boss), to comment about a Journal employee's feeding sources to the Times , he replied: ""I don't really have any comment on what the edit page did."

"Well, you know, it's really interesting that we're talking about this, because my son, who is now 28, I guess I shared it with my children when they were growing up, but not in any particular special way, but my son is in therapy now, and uh, this is one of the visioning exercises that this therapist told him, that he should do whenever he is angry, to imagine that he is one of the little children that Jesus is putting his arms around."

"For the OB+ADHD population, the idea is that some patients may have had a preference for endorsing ADHD symptoms, instead of accepting more accurate explanations for distress or lack of obesity treatment progress, e.g., failure to lose weight while being unwilling to exercise."

Empowerment refers to meeting the needs of girls and women so that they can freely exercise the power to determine and direct their lives.

"34 With respect to African Americans’ exercising the basic rights of citizenship, particularly in the field of criminal justice, the Court would be vigilant."

"The FDA, citing a lack of information, exercises little regulatory control on reprocessing, but a ban on third-party reprocessing is likely."

"When we exercise daily, or at least several times weekly, we deliver a stimulus to the specific muscle groups involved in these activities that is sufficient to alter specialized properties of myofibers within these muscles."

you know during lunch hours or you know right before work and that sort of thing so people end up exercising at really odd hours and i can't exercise you know late at night because it keeps me awake

"Some venues have a range of different programs, from simply free-swimming with dolphins, to performing exercises with them, to helping a trainer for a day."

"The Act named seventeen people who were entitled to exercise the privileges of the incorporated company, and, further, it imposed fines for every violation of the patent."

"Of her predecessors, only Kissinger exercised a comparable hold over the public imagination, but he achieved it by exploiting the drama and mystique of his diplomatic undertakings."

"In exercising asthmatics: Chest tightness, Shortness of breath, or Wheezing"

and that's my favorite way to exercise

Whenever you visit a beach that faces the open sea remember to exercise caution — check with the locals as to whether or not the beaches are safe for swimming.

"In 1977, the House and Senate created select committees to exercise oversight of the executive branch's conduct of intelligence operations."

let's see oh i tried exercise classes and i never would go we find we joined exercising

But he found himself under a more demanding boss than he was used to and got fired before he got a chance to exercise any stock options.

"Another lively spot is Xinhua Square, where half the town seems to exercise and play before work, returning each evening to sample the kebabs and other Muslim fare from dozens of food stalls."

[ 18 ] exhaustively exercised rats for 90 min on treadmills.

before i start in any exercising

"As the head of state and a living symbol of a system, which, in the name of justice, imposes laws upon and claims the right to exercise coercive power over all Americans, the president has a special duty--higher than that of an ordinary citizen--to abide by the rules that the system imposes."

"The WP elaborates a bit on the presidential power to keep Congress in session, and points out that it hasn't been exercised since Harry Truman called back the ""Do-Nothing"" Congress in 1948."

"An outer layer is clearly necessary in these conditions, even when you're vigorously exercising (which I tried to do in the freezer until I quickly became lightheaded from the icy air)."

"Dunlap, for his efforts in wrecking--that is, restructuring--corporations, is rewarded with huge chunks of options that he immediately exercises so he can pocket the cash, not so he can invest in the future of the company."

"They warn that in the name of exercising international leadership, we are foolishly risking our country's blood and treasure in faraway lands of which we know little."

"Once he dropped a weight while exercising, and the neighbor called the police to complain about the excessive noise."

"On the Internet, more of us will exercise our right and fulfill our civic responsibilities."

"Yet there he is in Newsweek last week huffing that campaign-finance reform ""has done more damage to constitutional values than Watergate,"" and endorsing Thomas' notion that political contributions ""are acts of political expression, as well as exercises in freedom of association."""

"When Courtney Love denied Broomfield the rights to Cobain's music and tried to get his movie quashed, she may not have been acting as the poster-girl for the ACLU that the organization perhaps naively tried to turn her into, but she was exercising her constitutionally-guaranteed right to protect her reputation against the worst form of libel there is."

"Journalistic integrity must prevail in the final analysis, but that doesn't meant that journalistic integrity should be exercised in a way that is unnecessarily offensive to the countries in which you operate."

"After meditating for a few minutes, students launched into traditional strengthening exercises (push-ups and sit-ups) and then broke into pairs, with one person kicking pads held by the other."

"from his earlier appeal to Israel not to retaliate in the event of an Iraqi attack"" by saying that "" 'Israel obviously has the right of self-defense and will exercise that right as they see fit."

"Thus, numerous trans-alphabetic glossaries—Greek-Latin, LatinGreek, Hebrew-Latin, Arabic-Coptic, and ArabicGreek—once thought to be schoolboys' exercises, are probably elementary aids for tourists, pilgrims, and businessmen."

"Onomastics is basically the science of worrying about names and Monsieur Tesnières--an appellation, as it happens, regrettably free of all sexual or scatological interest--is much exercised by the fact that three centuries from now 97 per cent of all French family names will have vanished, with only 7500 surviving out of the estimated present stock of 250,000."

"Can you imagine 'the Boca Raton intellectuals' exercising cultural clout in the national media, with profiles about them to follow in the Times ? Don't hold your breath."

"Scorsese is never on autopilot, never panders, never sells out, always goes for broke; to watch his films is to see a man risking his talent, not simply exercising it."

"These aspects of language are social, philosophical, artistic, largely ignored by linguists, sometimes out of devotion to what is perceived as the scientific method, sometimes out of sheer philistinism and the inability to exercise taste, sometimes out of abject ignorance."

"Denying rumors of an imminent crackdown, Chinese officials told representatives of the sect that as long as they stick to group breathing and meditation exercises in public parks they face no repression."

"Under the Crony Attorneys General, the Justice Department exercised vast influence over legal policy."

"George Bush Jr. had made the right decision, from his own point of view, to show no mercy--after all, he might wish to run for the U.S. presidency, which is probably how Bill Clinton thought when he was governor of Arkansas and didn't once exercise his power of clemency."

"The present editor, Professor of English at the University of Texas at Austin, has exercised restraint in meddling with Baugh's original text, having focused mainly on those areas--dialect, modern grammatical theory, and, generally, the work of later scholars--that could not have been treated in 1935."

"They also destroy their cigarettes, invest their savings in accounts that are designed to discourage withdrawals, and adopt comically elaborate schemes to force themselves to exercise."

"Back to that LAT lead about health plan problems: One Californian who probably doesn't have these difficulties is Disney poohbah Michael Eisner, who, says the LAT in a nearby front-pager, yesterday had the single biggest executive payday in history when he exercised stock options bringing in $565 million."

The Honey-Almond flavor of this was yummy--I'd actually eat it as a snack even if I weren't exercising.

"Nonetheless, there's a good deal of indirect evidence--for example, TV watching is linked to eating more and exercising less, and rises substantially as income lowers."

"While the U.S. looks for a new training site, the LAT reports on its front, the Navy will exercise with dirt-filled bombs."

"Another world that exercised the etymological imagination is billabong , which owes its currency outside Australia to the familiarity of the national song, Waltzing Matilda , of which it is a crucial part."

"In devising the laws governing nonprofit lobbying, Congress recognized that 501(c)(3)s should be encouraged to exercise their First Amendment rights."

"With the one-two punch of items critical of Java in Shuman's piece and James Surowiecki's column, ""Culture Wars,"" I have to close my eyes and clap for Tinkerbell to believe that Slate remains independent and exercises untrammeled judgment on what points of view to present on issues directly affecting its parent corporation."

"One would expect that a certain amount of common sense be exercised: Palm Drive and Bougainvillea Boulevard would be as out of place in Massachusetts as Yucca Lane; with the devastation wrought by Dutch elm disease, one might consider renaming all the streets in America named Elm Street to describe a hardier species."

"She is so weak from dieting and compulsive exercising that the show's producers have cut back on her screen time, says the publication."

3 percent of its shareholders exercised their rights.

"I'll keep reading, but no longer will I assume that SLATE will always exercise good (or even average) editorial judgment in its selection of features."

"Martin"" (as Biskind calls him) did not see directing as a route to world domination but as a priestly avocation, a set of spiritual exercises embedded in technical problems."

"Musical exercises drift through the air, along with snatches of conversation about AP courses, recommendations, test prep, tracking, and nursery-school admissions."

Ask Gary Hart if reporters would exercise the same restraint today.

"He does not believe in national parks (""private stewards"" will exercise ""proper stewardship"")."

"Although we ate them as directed (30 minutes before exercising), they churned in my stomach with disturbing violence."

Good magazines are exercises in serendipity.

"The power of a private army will, for the first time, be exercised through out institutions."""

"We are seemingly suckers for ""charisma"" and exercising an electoral death wish."

"His case against feminist Holocaust studies can be reduced to three main objections: 1) Alter's argument, made with less subtlety; 2) a somewhat crankish concern that the ""object of such exercises"" as feminist Holocaust scholarship is ""to sever Jewish women, in their own minds, from their families as well as from the larger Jewish community""; and 3) the sense that such treatment violates taste, decorum, and ""human decency."""

"The answer has nothing to do with their cause, however, but with the simple fact that dictionaries are not exercises in bi-unique substitutability; in other words, if one of the senses of run is `operate' (as in She runs an engine factory ), that does not make it valid to assume that one can substitute operate for run in We run in the marathon every year . Although recognizing this as a shortcoming of dictionaries and assigning it arbitrarily to what, for lack of a better term, we might call the “genius” of the language, might seem trivial to the casual observer, it is a valid matter for concern in the realm of lexicology."

"Either 1) you believe that your neighbor has no right to live well at your grandchildren's expense or 2) you believe that your neighbor has that right, but you'd prefer to prevent him from exercising it."

"Greenspan suggested that the government should exercise more ""humility"" in wielding antitrust action because, as in the case of U.S."

What's really different is not the quality of the films but the control that the studios exercise over them.

This would cause millionaires to eat less cake (and to quit smoking and to exercise more).

"Followers are, says the NYT , largely ""middle-aged people who practice a form of Chinese breathing exercises and meditation,"" but they are organized enough to engineer what the WSJ calls ""the largest expression of public discontent with the government since the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests."""

"Anyone dying in a modern hospital will quickly cost more by staying alive than by exercising the right to die, dignity and all."

But the Post doesn't bother to explain whether these glitterati were there because they were friends of Diana's or were simply exercising the modern celebrity's nearly universally-recognized right to get any hard ticket.

"(A sit-up , with a hyphen, exercises your abdominal muscles, but a sit-down strike tends to exercise the tempers of management.)"

"This reflects our hope that these Dialogues will be exercises in reasoned persuasion, and not repeated fusillades from fixed positions."

"The Times of London said the police operated a policy of ""zero tolerance"" toward all demonstrators except for 40 Falun Gong practitioners who were allowed to practice their spiritual exercises opposite the prime minister's office."

Post-structuralism has come and gone; multiculturalism is exercising its liberations and tyrannies; the computer has become the dominant tool of discourse.

"To complete the partner exercises, you had to grab your partner, spin him this way and that, and generally come in very close contact."

"I think what we have here is a rare glimpse of the ""more mature Monica,"" the one that she used to exercise when she would offer Bill Clinton her ideas concerning educational reform."

"The surf carnival [1914] was initially as much a public-relations exercise as a competitive occasion, the iron man [19?"

The NYT runs a front-pager reporting that a presidential panel has recommended that the U.S. military be allowed to resume live firing exercises on Navy property in Puerto Rico--for the next five years.

That's lobbying . Exercising that right is no more sleazy than exercising the right to speak or to worship.

"But -ercise/-icise cannot mean simply `group dance exercises,' because there is also sexercise , which almost certainly involves neither large groups or dancing."

"Yugoslav President Milosevic would not grant Dole a visa, forcing the former-Senator to exercise his influence from neighboring Macedonia."

"Included: a claim that fat's OK for your body as long as you exercise; interviews with a chef and a nutritionist (both cautiously pro-fat); and a rundown of fatty cuisine in other cultures, including pâté de foie gras, crispy duck, and Ukrainian salted pork fat."

Opponents of the treaty initially exercised the basic Republican reflex of complaining about the cost to U.S. business.

"If our press would attain true excellence in selecting English expressions to correspond to Russian originals, it should exercise more care about designating the Soviet Union as “Russia” and Soviets as “Russians.”"

They say they are just exercising their right to teach their version of events.

"Hoping to keep the Grim Reaper at bay, O'Donnell is also said to be assiduously dieting and exercising."

This will permit Microsoft to exercise the same type of proprietary control over MS Java applications that it does over other Windows applications.

"In selling shares in the United States, then, foreign corporations can raise loads of money without suffering a dilution of the control they exercise over their own affairs."

"The LAT and NYT emphasize Clinton's announcement that the budget deficit for this fiscal year will be a 23-year low of $37 billion, while USAT chooses to stress his comment that he expects to exercise the line-item veto (a presidential first) on the budget and tax bills he just signed."

"Clinton deserves sympathy and compassion, not vitriol, because he exercises no control over his compulsive sexual behavior."

"Rather, I would define the crime as intimidating citizens from exercising their civil rights--which refers to behavior rather than thought or emotion--and require evidence of intent and premeditation."

"Of course, 89 percent of MGM is owned by Kirk Kerkorian , who exercised all his rights."

"Perhaps now that the Clintons have managed to get the tables turned by using the very press that acted like piranhas in getting the story and displaying it on our TV screens for months and even hours, Starr should exercise some of the Bill Clinton ""dumb"" defense and reply to the questions proposed by Brill with the wisdom of ""It depends on how you define 'leak' ""?"

"We don't wish to seem like what our colleague David Plotz refers to as ""Turnout Bores,"" but it really is a pity if you missed the chance to exercise that precious gift of democracy, your right to vote, Tuesday."

But that also meant that the opposition never got a chance to exercise its muscles.

"A monopoly becomes illegal only when the company exercising it uses that monopoly to shut out competitors in other markets, either through coercion or by subsidizing low, competition-killing prices in that market."

well that's good exercise do you exercise uh do you play tennis very often

"Over the weekend, ""Titanic"" director James ""King of the World"" Cameron began exercising the perks of his new office by writing a piece in the LAT in which he tried to fire the paper's lead film critic, author of two scathing reviews of the iceberg epic."

that was wild but i exercise i don't exercise now i just had a baby three months ago i haven't really gotten back into exercising but i exercised real good for a couple of years it was

"As president of the United States, he didn't feel he was potentially powerful enough to exercise his options, said former Newt aide Tony Blankley, now opinionizing on CNN's Late Edition . Almost alone supporting the president was Mark Shields ( Capital Gang , NewsHour ), who said the ""commando columnists"" calling for Saddam's scalp must understand that assassinating him was ""never a possibility"" during Gulf War I and isn't ""a possibility now."""

twenty seven okay yeah well i am quite a bit older than you are but no i i think exercise is extremely important and i i do exercise on a regular basis

"2) Even if an employee does not suffer adverse job consequences for rejecting a supervisor's advances, the employer can be held liable unless a) the employer shows it ""exercised reasonable care to prevent and correct promptly any sexually harassing behavior"" and b) the employee ""unreasonably failed to take advantage of any preventive or corrective opportunities."""

well i tell you i i firmly believe in exercising i think it's a i do it everyday on a regular basis i

"I am in favor of choice and freedom though, and your article doesn't exactly encourage readers to exercise their choice and freedom."

did you exercise between your first child and your second

A lieutenant; a vicar; an officer who is deputed by a superior or by proper authority to exercise the powers of another.

i don't very often do things for the sake of exercise i don't feel well unless i am exercising and i try to do things that involve exercise but i very rarely do things

Clinton also promised to end exercises there within five years.

well do you exercise regularly

where you don't exercise

or something like that so i'm not exercising at the time at the moment so i wish i could i wish i did have the motivation to get out and do that but

and the larger they are the more room they need to exercise

it sure is it sure is it sure is how about you do you exercise on a regular basis

and you exercise and then it's sort of it's painful for a while but by the time you get done you're feeling really terrific

your your your health consciousness and i mean it just seems like uh a lot of those ideas generate out of California not just exercise but health health related

and i've talked to a lot of ladies that exercise with one pregnancy and didn't with the other and they said that they'd exercise the one that had exercised was three or four times easier and

well does it cost money like to use the to exercise in the weight room or to uh to take to go swimming do you have to pay for that too

my husband just turned on something noisy anyway uh she comes to the school and there are a group of teachers and we exercise regularly and for an hour and we do it twice a week

all right do you do exercise

but i think it's got a little more relevance since they are around dangerous equipment and things like that and do have to exercise some quick judgment in the field what is the nature of your company's business

do you like that what'd that voice say do you like to exercise because you want to or because you have to

easy to sustain maintain if you just simply continue to exercise your mind

i wish that i could make myself exercise every day but i do force myself to do it at least three times a week which i don't feel like is enough but

and that's probably good you know if you get your family involved in exercising and maybe playing tennis or something like that that also helps that's also something you know family oriented that everyone can do

uh-huh well it's funny this week yesterday i started exercising seriously

well do you exercise regularly Judy

exercising exercising um i play wally uh wally ball are you familiar with that

"Now, if you're telling me that you have problems with certain anticipated questions but not others and if you're telling me that the reporters would not exercise the privilege if they were kept roughly within the confines of their affidavits --"

do they exercise much or i mean for skiing i know when i went you can get sore easily but

De facto power was exercised by the militarily and economically strongest family.

"The biggest prejudice that we saw exercised at the schools, the children that lived out of town were called bus children, and they were brought into town on a bus, and they were grouped together in a class."

"Regarding the intensity of physical activity that is needed for a considerable lowering on lipids levels several investigators report that positive changes in HDL cholesterol levels observed in those who were highly exercised, i.e. at least 12 - 15 miles per week [ 19 20 ] . Although, it is difficult to compare results among studies, because different methods were used to classify physical activity levels, our study revealed that even medium physical activity levels (4 - 7 kcal/min, > 3 times per week) was associated with a significant reduction in HDL cholesterol levels, among women."

talk with someone that never has exercised before and doesn't want to and everything else but got a guy that rides a hundred and fifty miles a week that's something motivating

"The vendors are experts, language presents no barrier to negotiations, and buyers should exercise patience and caution."

Congress would have exercised its authority to legislate under the Thirteenth Amendment.

"But if Ocalan was alive, in prison, with a death sentence over his head, the PKK [his Kurdish Workers' Party] might exercise more restraint: meanwhile, the Turkish Government might win time for a broader approach to the Kurdish question."""

"Non-overlapping endpoints Although the benefits associated with each individual health endpoint may be analyzed separately, care must be exercised in selecting health endpoints to include in the overall benefits analysis because of the possibility of double counting of benefits."

and exercising i mean let's face it exercising stinks

"The city parks are fine places for jogging, exercises, tai chi, walking, and other early morning workouts."

"One could well accept, then, the idea of a universal popular franchise exercising its authority to make and change the law under the check provided by “eternal principles of justice.”"

"(Admittedly, the testimonial's credibility is undermined somewhat by Skeens' princessy claim that she isn't willing to exercise and is ""physically incapable of dieting."""

"The Left Bank has, in contrast, always presented a bohemian and intellectual image, dating back to the founding of the university and monasteries; today, the Sorbonne, the Académie Française, the publishing houses, and the myriad bookshops continue to exercise an intellectual magnetism."

There were no significant differences in the VEGF mRNA levels between exercised and electrically stimulated muscles.

unfortunately not and there's no way i can get her to so it's a like it's something you either just really want to do it or you can't talk anyone into it if you don't like to exercise you know it isn't going to happen but

The House honchos are exercised over CBO's longstanding overstatement of the budget deficit and its recent understatement of the budget surplus.

"These include learning physical and mental control through yoga exercises, and also prayer and meditation rituals such as repeating certain phrases, or mantras, and concentrating on geometric designs called mandalas."

"They have rights to exercise agency in their own lives and to participate as members of their communities and societies, and these rights trump other concerns such as general attitudes toward risk containment in society [9]."

you do exercise

yeah that's the one thing about if you exercise enough or or even a a a moderate amount you don't really have to be that concerned about your diet if you just eat normally and then don't over eat but you can

this girlfriend of mines got a pretty flat stomach not i don't really but i don't i was asking her because she does not she's one of those who just doesn't exercise you know

well swimming is uh one of the best exercises you can do

when i went to physical therapy they gave me some exercises for my back

i'm just i'm just kind of worn out i haven't had time to exercise like i should

they have been weightless so long and then they course they exercise but it's not the same as exercising with gravity and the i i'm not sure exactly

it's always easy to find an excuse not to exercise i know what you mean

because of my job to to exercise

so for it's so it's educational as well as it exercise exercise beneficial so

and so it's interesting that as you get older you begin to understand that you need to exercise my job at Texas Instruments i have to sit in front of a computer all day and make phone calls so

i'd feel feel better but my dragginess is my excuse for not exercising well i'm too tired or i have a headache or well i just got over the flu and i'm still kind of draggy so i better not go

you know during lunch hours or you know right before work and that sort of thing so people end up exercising at really odd hours and i can't exercise you know late at night because it keeps me awake

do you guys mostly just exercise to release stress or to relax or

because i really don't like to exercise i think that's the basic point of it is i'm not i i don't enjoy it if i know that it's exercise but if it's like a social activity or a recreational activity i don't mind

absolutely and i wish they would exercise it more thoroughly let the punishment fit the crime in this state we've got a very weird situation going on we're under federal supervision

that's um i like exercising i feel good when i do it

you know you can go to the country club together you can play with your friends he can play with his friends but you've both been out and exercised and you have enjoyed the day

if i exercised i'd be too thin

it seems like like the the the less you exercise the tireder you are i'm sorry

exercising i'm a night operator here at a

but it's not a a structured sort of thing and i have to admit i have a certain resistance to the idea of exercising for exercising's sake and perhaps it's because somehow that implies to me it's not fun or something like that

i have enjoyed aerobics in the past and i enjoy that because i like the group association you know like exercising with other people

yeah we do have the death penalty here it's not exercised very often but we do have it

and most of my friends that are my age don't exercise or they might play tennis

course i've always uh i've always been in fairly good condition but and i do exercise uh lately i've been off of it because i've had shoulder problems but uh

no huh-uh no i go with my dad he exercises a lot more than i do though oh yeah he's always exercising

but it's not a a structured sort of thing and i have to admit i have a certain resistance to the idea of exercising for exercising's sake and perhaps it's because somehow that implies to me it's not fun or something like that

both of us would love to exercise on a routine basis but our life doesn't um really have that much time in it so we just enjoy what we can along with our family you know

i guess that's about all i can say about exercising

yeah so then when you're home you're like okay i just want to relax and not think about work and definitely not exercise you want to eat

uh-huh i mean it's real funny because if you you know it seems like when you exercise and expend the energy that you'd be tired but it's the other way around

myself often desire to exercise often believe i should and rarely do

exercising exercising um i play wally uh wally ball are you familiar with that

that's very true it seems like you walk quicker and you just perky is a good word for it when you when you exercise

so have you started exercising at home or

um well i try to um i started at the beginning of this year i decided all right i'm going to start exercising again i'm going to be real good and i went through the TI fitness center and registered for the uh aerobics classes there

well see that's that's that's really good and i think that keeps a lot some people from exercising

that was wild but i exercise i don't exercise now i just had a baby three months ago i haven't really gotten back into exercising but i exercised real good for a couple of years it was

i uh i exercised pretty well up until i found or until i was pregnant and i started having pains so i've calmed down everything except i was working out doing aerobic exercises as well as the um walking

i'm ready do you exercise uh during the day time or go to a gym or anything

uh together they both exercised about five minutes a day doing isometrics rather than you know physical strenuous exercises

well i don't i don't know i they say once you once you get in a routine of exercising it gives you a lot more energy energy i know when i ran

since i was just feeling extremely guilty about this it's a timely question um i do not exercise enough i have um

thank you she's it she's good anyway have fun exercising all right bye-bye

oh yeah not so much with weight as much as just not you know you feel sluggish and you get into that cycle where you don't want to exercise and so you don't and then you the the vicious cycle where

well i like i am undisciplined in the sense that i can't just go and do exercise

but jazzercise is what it's it's so much fun that you forget you're exercising you know aerobics you don't forget

um it's finding the time for me to exercise is another thing but i really do like to do it

what do you do to exercise

re reacts reacts to exercise

and uh it was all from taking the right vitamins and things that that give you the strength and of course doing isometric exercises

yeah at least its something that you enjoy and i know a lot of people that talk about exercise and say well i don't want to exercise it's too much work but there a lot of different things you can do that that

well so do you do you enjoy your walking or is it just because you have to exercise you know you need to exercise

and so we we take it seriously we enjoy doing it i enjoy my group at school it's a lot more fun to exercise with somebody than it is to do it by yourself

i went an last year i went an was exercising on a bike for a while and i when i'd gotten back i had gotten some sun that day

i do notice as i get older i i tend to i you know i don't exercise like i like i used to

no huh-uh no i go with my dad he exercises a lot more than i do though oh yeah he's always exercising

yeah well thank you it's it's fun it gives me more motive to to exercise as well

it's one of those uh universal type machines exercise machine but i haven't really sat down and used it much yet so it's collecting dust right now

i've i've done some water exercises

uh that would have to be mine i hate exercising it's so boring

and i often find that even when i don't feel that much like exercising like i'll be really tired and i'll start swimming and i'll actually and i'll actually get energy

well so do you do you enjoy your walking or is it just because you have to exercise you know you need to exercise

okay do you regularly exercise regularly

do you exercise a lot

um well um guess it's logical to ask do you exercise any

oh still i mean we have the right to do it we don't do it that's the whole problem we don't exercise those rights

not so much that but i have noticed a difference because i am not exercising as much anymore in the uh in my heart rate which slowly creeps up as you get less and less fit

i think it does a lot for your mental um exercise too uh keeping um a clear mind i think your mind is clearer when you exercise

and so she just went to one you know for the little time for it to exercise and thing

yeah morning is usually a better time to exercise but i usually find that after work is when i have the time to do it

yeah i think you do you feel very good after you exercise i think it's worth making the time for yourself you owe it to yourself and i think you do accomplish more after that

or you know it it it's always trade-offs and you actually have to as you get older you have to re ally think what can go and what to to to replace this thing it's i mean not just exercise but anything it's

um Ashley um do you exercise regularly

right that's the way i am i just want to sit down and relax too tired to exercise

you know you really need to exercise because it does a lot for your body other than maintain your wealthy your weight

"(A sit-up , with a hyphen, exercises your abdominal muscles, but a sit-down strike tends to exercise the tempers of management.)"

and uh for me exercise is one of the nicest ways of bringing that weight down

She gradually finds that her marriage to him allows her to exercise power in his name that she was never able to claim in her own right.

uh thing but uh when i'm exercising regularly i i feel the need to to do more exercise

", add two years if you're a happily married man, and subtract three if you don't exercise), while a sidebar explains the many benefits and few risks of estrogen therapy."

it just you do exercise for recreation recreation

"In Spain, El País said that Ankara would be committing ""a grave error"" if it carries out the death penalty against Ocalan, since it has ""an historic opportunity to exercise magnanimity and to lay the foundations of a reconciliation with the Kurds."""

you know you're exercising oh and we started the bench aerobics too

Fat people who exercise regularly are healthier than thin people who don't.

it is it's aerobics but it's with dance steps it's an aerobic exercise and it's an hour straight and it's just um it's a lot of fun i feel like i'm not just exercising

"Consider cartoons: Tom needs Jerry, Bugs needs Elmer, J. Edgar Hoover needs decent Americans exercising their political freedoms."

no i've done some walking with friends in the past but i find that when you do that you do more chatting than you do exercise and that's not really beneficial

i don't feel like having a bunch of other people watch me exercise you know so i have tried to just do stuff at home

you don't well speaking for myself i don't sleep as well when i am not exercising and uh

they would try to get him to exercise they would try to uh you know they would check him over temperature

yeah i agree i agree there's something about being in the water and exercising and you come out and you have a big appetite

uh now i'm just more of a recreational sport player i don't really do much exercising other than i play softball five or six nights a week and

um i haven't been in a regular exercising program do you have a regular program that you actually you know stick to or

oh jeez well the the kids kind of keep me exercising too

so do you exercise

i don't know by the time i get home all i wanna do is just collapse or sit down at my computer and my fingers exercise more than anything now

well try it or or maybe just exercise at home i bought a tape and i'm going to try doing that

they have been weightless so long and then they course they exercise but it's not the same as exercising with gravity and the i i'm not sure exactly

you know so well i guess that's about all and i can tell you about my exercising i wish i knew how to swim but i don't so i don't go swimming

so we were constantly expected to exercise and be in shape and then we had specific standards we had to meet based on our age group

okay well basically my habits are totally gone i used to exercise quite a bit and now i have a child and and um trying to do go to school back to college again so it's

i don't exercise on a regular basis i think about it a lot

and then with my wife i actually go to the gym and lift weights which isn't i understand quite exercising but it's along the lines

that was wild but i exercise i don't exercise now i just had a baby three months ago i haven't really gotten back into exercising but i exercised real good for a couple of years it was

um i'm i am a person who wishes i had more time to exercise i

yeah that's true plus even if you lose weight and don't exercise it ends up just looking you know looking unhealthy

"Given the consequent fact (as I have observed here in 30,000 BC) that social structures rather than necessity selected for hunting, I conclude that men developed hunting as a supplement, as something helpful but not usually necessary, something to do to exercise their brains and to take a more active role."

"7 In the postbellum institutional shakeup, however, the Court would become more aggressive in exercising its power to overrule decisions by other agencies of government."

"One criticism focuses on the designer of the book, over whom the publisher's editor (if not Nigel Rees) should have exercised some influence: in a book in which the page numbers are an essential piece of the reference apparatus, they should not be set in the center of the bottom of the page, where they are hard to see when thumbing through, but at the top, as close to the foredge as possible."

oh like everything else yeah yeah the rat race to exercise

"It’s a relatively harmless place by day, but you should exercise some care after dark."

"We do not need government in order to exercise our freedom of speech or religion, to bear arms or to be free of state intrusion in our homes."

"In a 1995 encyclical, John Paul II broached the possibility that, in the interests of Christian unity, he or his successors might ""find a way of exercising the [papal] primacy which, while in no way renouncing what is essential to its mission, is nonetheless open to a new situation."""

"Under the reorganization, port directors are to be given some of the authority previously exercised at the district or regional levels."

you do exercises

"Thereafter, the Legation Quarter exercised complete control over its own affairs, becoming its own foreign city within the city of Beijing."

"The alternative view of the case, winning support from four justices, including Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. and John Marshall Harlan, was that limiting hours of employment was a legitimate way for the state to exercise its responsibility to protect the health of those who chose to work as bakers."

It's tempting to say that anyone unwilling to sacrifice an hour to exercise the right to vote doesn't much deserve it.

"For Northern analysis, 18 muscle samples were initially processed (6 rest control, 6 electrically stimulated, and 6 treadmill run), but some samples were degraded during the RNA isolation leaving 3 rest-control, 4 exercised, and 4 electrically stimulated muscle samples."

because if you don't exercise then it seems like um what you you just have to be really really careful about what you eat you can you can eat like a normal person if you get a moderate amount of exercise and not really have to worry about it

Schoenfeld doesn't have the authority to censor anybody and was only exercising his right as a critic to damn entire fields of endeavor.

"The military complex continues with the Ecole Militaire and the spacious gardens of the Champ-de-Mars, once the site of military exercises and parades and the series of World’s Fairs held between 1867 and 1937."

"The employees said that they gained confidence as they became more experienced in exercising the new authority, and some of the employees and managers who initially resisted changes adjusted to them gradually over time."

and they're going yes but in general i like to exercise i i like dance a lot so i mean i aerobics is something i'd hate to give up but

Christian-right activists now exercise significant control over 31 state Republican parties; they are estimated to comprise one-fourth to one-third of the GOP primary vote and to swing 5-10 points to Republicans in general elections.

"HKTA offers lessons in these exercises that improve concentration and balance at Garden Plaza, Hong Kong Park, Admiralty (Tel."

"GAO not only provides Congress with essential information about Federal programs, but also, uniquely, exercises statutory authority to"

"Furthermore, and in agreement with earlier literature on this subject [ 4 5 27 ] , both forms of IL-1Ra required a molar excess over IL-1 of at least two orders of magnitude to exercise an inhibition of 100%."

"If receiving water is to be used as the dilution water, caution must be exercised in exposing the test organisms to it, because of the possibility that it might be toxic."

"The GAO as an institution, and the Comptroller General as an officer of the legislative branch, assist the Congress in exercising its responsibilities under the Constitution to oversee, investigate, and legislate."

"In favor of this hypothesis, long sleepers exercise less [38]."

"Another major impact of exercise on lipids is that it lowers triglyceride levels [ 19 ] . However, exercises exert a minor impact on the LDL-cholesterol and to a lesser extend, total cholesterol."

"If this option is exercised, GAO will send a letter to the original requester and each co-requester documenting this agreement."

"The option to scale these percentages up or down in a given image was still available, but we chose not to exercise this option in the present study."

"In order to ascertain regional and fiber type patterns of VEGF mRNA production in those muscles stimulated to upregulate VEGF, 4 each of treadmill exercised and electrically stimulated muscle samples, and 2 control muscles, were successfully processed through in situ hybridization."

"On the one hand, there exists a certain urgency to move rapidly in order to remedy known problems relating to intelligence and information sharing and leveraging like activities that have in the past and even today prevent the United States from exercising as strong a homeland defense as"

"With the exception of the exercise protocol, these rats were handled in an identical manner to the exercised rats."

People with Alzheimer disease might similarly be viewed as having brought it on themselves through failure to exercise their brains.

GAO has developed guidance pertaining to CPE requirements to assist auditors and audit organizations in exercising professional judgment in complying with the CPE requirements.

"Figure 2shows representative Northern blots for total VEGF mRNA levels examined in (A) resting control, (B) exercised, and (C) electrically stimulated muscles."

"Program Letter 1998-6 stated that the State Planning Initiative will provide information to aid LSC in exercising its statutory responsibility to ""insure that grants and contracts are made so as to provide the most economical and effective delivery of legal assistance to persons in both urban and rural areas."""

Care was exercised to make sure that the tongue was optimally stimulated.

GPRA training has included exercises and panel discussions designed to make trainees think the way they will need to when the training is over and the real work of implementing GPRA begins.

"The other 2 patients reported shoulder soreness, thought related to exercise, and leg cramping, thought to be due to the previous day's dialysis."

"6.21 Auditors should exercise professional judgment in planning the engagement by obtaining an understanding of the possible effects of fraud, illegal acts, or other noncompliance on the subject matter or assertion of the attestation engagement and by identifying and assessing any associated risks that could have a material effect on the attestation engagement."

"Professor Martin asserted that LSNY ""has no plans"" under consideration to exercise its powers as the sole corporate member to force any changes on the boards of the local corporations."

"The CIA's experts should be integrated into the military's training, exercises, and planning."

Agencies delegated authorities and empowered front-line employees to exercise responsibilities to more fully address customer needs.

"Professional judgment requires auditors to exercise professional skepticism, which is an attitude that includes a questioning mind and a critical assessment of evidence."

"In accordance with these standards, all OSI work is conducted by personnel who collectively possess the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform it and who exercise due professional care (e.g."

"In our view, failure to pursue this matter could lead to a pattern of records access denials that would significantly undercut GAO's ability to assist Congress in exercising its legislative and oversight authorities."

"However, for most of humankind, voluntary discretion over whether or not to exercise is a recent phenomenon limited to advanced industrialized societies."

"If receiving water is used as dilution water, caution must be exercised in exposing the test organisms to it, because of the possibility that it might be toxic."

"While the state boards of accountancy have the ability to impose much stiffer sanctions, including revoking a CPA's license to practice in a state, these boards have not exercised this sanction very frequently."

"Moreover, by exercising our ""discretion"" to leave the severability question open, we fail to resolve the basic, realworld dispute at issue: whether LSC attorneys may represent welfare claimants who challenge the applicable welfare laws."

"If receiving water is used as dilution water, caution must be exercised in exposing the test organisms to it, because of the possibility that it might be toxic."

"However, when these same subjects begin to exercise, increasing the ventilatory rate by a factor of 2.5, the arterial and end tidal gas concentrations become approximately equal [ 67 ] . Presumably, at the higher rates of ventilation, there is relatively less time for exchange with the airways, and the artifact decreases."

"In 1996, a new law enabled the INS to enter into agreements with state and local law enforcement agencies through which the INS provided training and the local agencies exercised immigration enforcement authority."

"These and other suggested flexibilities for DHS should be viewed in the context of how similar flexibilities have been exercised by other agencies with similar missions, such as the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), the DOD, the FBI, and the CIA."

"It should identify those elements of our transportation, energy, communications, financial, and other institutions that need to be protected, develop plans to protect that infrastructure, and exercise the mechanisms to enhance preparedness."

"The conduct of ""benefits transfer"" exercises necessarily involves some uncertainties."

"In these heady times of miRNA gene discovery, it is prudent to exercise caution in designating predicted genes as bona fide , just because they resemble known miRNA genes [ 46 ] . At the same time, while many thousands of annotated protein-coding genes are not associated with cDNA clones or other evidence of expression, computational methods of their identification are robust enough for them to be considered 'real' genes until proven otherwise."

"The North American Aerospace Defense Command imagined the possible use of aircraft as weapons, too, and developed exercises to counter such a threat-from planes coming to the United States from overseas, perhaps carrying a weapon of mass destruction."

Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in VEGF mRNA levels from Northern analysis between muscle samples from exercised (n = 4) and electrically stimulated rats (n = 4).

"Program Letter 1998-6 stated that the State Planning Initiative will provide information to aid LSC in exercising its statutory responsibility to ""insure that grants and contracts are made so as to provide the most economical and effective delivery of legal assistance to persons in both urban and rural areas."""

"Under these guidelines, LSC will exercise its statutory responsibility to insure that grants and contracts are made so as to provide the most economical and effective delivery of legal assistance to persons in both urban and rural areas."

"We anticipate that the module will increase commitment to building a multi-culturally competent staff and services that reflect the diverse backgrounds of client communities by engaging boards in candid conversations and exercises on fostering inclusion, cultivating new leadership, and expanding diversity parameters in their programs."

Quite a variety of intracellular messengers have been proposed to provide the proximate signals in exercising muscles to stimulate activity-dependent gene regulation.

"Indeed, the most recently published study (which did not suffer from measurement bias) showed a high prevalence (30%) of AR in persons taking fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine at the time of the echocardiogram, similar to the older prevalence studies [ 15 ] . Regarding the potential reversibility of valve dysfunction, great caution must be exercised in assuming any substantial reversal of valvular plaques, as recent pathological studies suggest a progressive nature to these lesions [ 33 ] . Furthermore, limited, early apparent echocardiographic improvement of acute rheumatic carditis has also been recently demonstrated [ 34 ] . The early improvement seen in this setting certainly does not preclude later progression of rheumatic valvular heart disease."

"Require, as part of the due care standard, that auditors exercise professional skepticism and perform their work with integrity (par."

"As a result, those who exercise regularly have a more favourable lipid profile than those who do not exercise."

"Information security: The executive must exercise due diligence in efforts to plan, develop, coordinate, and implement effective information security"

Federal guidelines advise wearing protective gear and exercising good personal hygiene when handling Class B biosolids or exposed to the aerosols [ 6 14 ] . The nature and timing of symptoms reported by residents suggest that steps should also be taken to protect the public from exposure to airborne contaminants from land application areas.

"GAO will strive to meet the Congress' needs within available resources and exercise the independence necessary to guarantee that its products and work conform to professional standards and the agency's core values of accountability, integrity, and reliability."

"A second purpose of the OEM was to improve New York City's response to major incidents, including terrorist attacks, by planning and conducting exercises and drills that would involve multiple city agencies, particularly the NYPD and FDNY."

"Relevant to the main finding of this study, that VEGF mRNA signal is stronger in deep oxidative regions of the muscle expressing a high proportion of type I and IIa fibers, is the extensive literature describing skeletal muscle capillarity, blood flow, and the angiogenic response to exercise or electrical stimulation [ 22 ] . Fibers with an oxidative phenotype have a greater number of surrounding capillaries than glycolytic fibers [ 23 ] . This difference in vascular supply is consistent with the metabolic profiles of type I and IIa fibers versus IIb and IId/x fibers."

"The Armed Services committees exercise jurisdiction over the intelligence agencies within the Department of Defense (and, in the case of the Senate, over the Central Intelligence Agency)."

"Auditors should exercise professional judgment in pursuing indications of possible fraud, illegal acts, or other noncompliance so as not to interfere with potential investigations, legal proceedings, or both."

"Although employees generally appreciated the changes made to work in a team environment, high workload demands affected some team members' ability to exercise their delegated authority."

"At the same time, top Enron executives were free to exercise their stock options, and some did."

"Auditors should exercise professional judgment in pursuing indications of possible fraud and illegal acts so as not to interfere with potential future investigations, legal proceedings, or both."

The emergence of the World Wide Web has given terrorists a much easier means of acquiring information and exercising command and control over their operations.

"In this project, an option for a second unit was available (and was exercised), and air preheaters were replaced."

"These include a switch from fat-based to carbohydrate-based fuels, a redistribution of blood flow from nonworking to exercising muscles, and the removal of several of the byproducts of anaerobic metabolism, such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid."

Some of VBA's decision review officers also told us that their ability to exercise their delegated authorities had been limited by the claims-processing backlogs.

Many well-known figures contemplating their posthumous selves have been foiled in exercising control over their literary remains.

"During the 1990s Richard Clarke occasionally tried to exercise such authority, sometimes successfully, but often causing friction."

"In exercising professional skepticism, auditors should not be satisfied with less than persuasive evidence because of a belief that management is honest."

"Similarly, he said, LSNY will exercise control over the local corporations by being designated as the sole member in each corporation, empowered to choose or discharge board members."

"With the application of surgical techniques to exercise physiology in the late 1960s (Bergstrom and Hultman 1966), it became possible to obtain biopsy samples (∼150 mg) of human skeletal muscle, and by means of histological and biochemical analyses, specific morphological, contractile, and metabolic properties were identified."

"As a result, those who exercise regularly have a more favourable lipid profile than those who do not exercise."

"While significant problems in the command and control of the PAPD also were exposed on September 11, it is less clear that the Port Authority has adopted new training exercises or major incident protocols to address these shortcomings."

Clergy and other religious leaders are as susceptible as any to the temptation to exercise power over others.

"Since evidence is gathered and evaluated throughout the assignment, professional skepticism should be exercised throughout the assignment."

The program manager (PM) is engaged by the owner to exercise oversight of the entire facility delivery process for a multitude of projects.

"Accordingly, while this standard places responsibility on each auditor and audit organization to exercise professional judgment in planning and performing an assignment, it does not imply unlimited responsibility, nor does it imply infallibility on the part of either the individual auditor or the audit organization."

"At FAA's Aeronautical Center, some employees with contracting responsibilities were initially uncomfortable exercising newly delegated procurement authority to purchase goods or services up to a certain dollar amount without supervisory approval."

"Moreover, the adoption of Mediterranean diet by people who reported that they exercise at least once per week (> 4 kcal/min) seems to have an additive benefit, since it is associated with 47% (odds ratio = 0.53, P < 0.01) lower risk of developing acute coronary events, after adjusting for age, sex, and the levels of the common cardiovascular risk factors."

"However, the readers are advised to exercise due caution because NNT and NNH (number of patients to harm) are more influenced by the baseline risk in a control group than the odds ratio."

Auditors will need to exercise professional judgment in assessing the significance of audit results or findings.

"On the other hand, substantial increases in HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations were observed in women who exercised even at medium levels."

", thoroughness, appropriate use of investigative techniques, impartiality, objectivity, protection of individual rights, and timeliness) is exercised."

"But again, the writers were free to write what they wanted, so why is the staff there so exercised (which they became only after the WSJ and NYT started knocking their conduct)?"

uh so what do you do to exercise

"In Hong Kong, the South China Morning Post reported that Falun Gong, the spiritual cult recently banned by the Chinese government, planned to carry out spiritual exercises in London throughout the president's visit to show him how peaceful the group is."

so um i started anchoring last up anchoring uh exercising last

"At one point Macy reveals: ""When I was a child in the 50s, we had these school exercises where we'd stick our heads under our desks to protect ourselves from the bomb."

i'm overweight and uh under under exercised and um can i can tell it affects me and i don't know why i can't make myself do it

Perhaps we'd better start with some warm-up exercises first.

uh-huh well that's pretty good i unfortunately uh am not um exercising regularly at the time um

"Precedents to the horn book (pp. 59,76) are the approximately 300 sometimes waxed or white-washed wooden tablets preserving children's school exercises (3rd c. BCE-9th c. CE), many of the later ones likewise adorned by a cross."

uh that's why well you know i was thinking to talking to one of their counselors and see what different exercises they could get me on to get out of the routine

Watkins described a DOD official who wanted to stonewall public concerns about environmental contamination and safety threats at DOE sites by exercising the government's sovereign-immunity defense against litigation.

do it to just keep the pounds off we're getting up in age i guess in uh our late thirties so we need to keep exercising just to be able to um

By this I mean that those who hold nominally powerful jobs ought to exercise correspondingly real power.

at least you're exercising a little control

um-hum yeah i used to do a little bit of jumping rope and uh when i was uh a while back i was more into basketball and uh i used to do a lot of jump rope and other jumping exercises to try to build my calves

um what did you do when you exercised when you did exercise regularly

just to do you know some bicep tricep exercises

it's amazing how much better i feel and then just in general i sleep a lot better and i just feel much better i mean i've been kind of dragging the last few weeks and i know if i would just get around to exercising

yeah i i used to go to a gym um last summer but then i started school again so it's um so i don't exercise as much as i'd like

well um i think a lot of families don't but i think a lot of families do and don't exercise it

so you so you exercise in the evenings

and exercising i mean let's face it exercising stinks

do you exercise every night or not

and i've talked to a lot of ladies that exercise with one pregnancy and didn't with the other and they said that they'd exercise the one that had exercised was three or four times easier and

and i just go and we all exercise and until then you know i have belonged to exercise clubs and oh i've gone to uh oh like um

so so do you do much exercising

for your exercising

well you've got me at a disadvantage i do not have a regular regiment i do exercise periodically but it's

well i i i used to exercise at night and i found that you don't come home tired you come home with a new found energy so you i can see what you're saying

but if you do some basic exercises and you say every morning just like brushing your teeth you're gonna spend fifteen minutes or a half hour and you get up a half hour earlier

yeah you're probably drained and probably exercising probably wouldn't help

well i use to exercise regularly and i haven't lately i have goofed off i guess um i use to also take an aerobics class about three days a week before work but um

"But would it be a fair statement to say in the normal experience that newspaper reporters might spend five, ten, or fifteen minutes interviewing a person and then only put one line of that interview in an article?"

"While Harvard may cost a fair deal more than a local community college, the Harvard grad leaves with an education that almost guarantees him or her a job that will equip him or her to both pay off the loan and pay more in taxes."

"Even if the judge tries his best to be fair and unbiased, he can never be sure of his own motives."

"It is significant to note that even at the possible cost of the presidency, the right to fair hearing and enabling unconcealed information to the citizenry [ sic ] have been remarkably upheld in this case."

"Only some of them receive help from the Civil Court's Self-Representation Office, which Dean Glen termed a ""valiant attempt"" at fair resolution."

And attending a state fair.

Our community-based study showed that PSA testing had fair discriminating power for detecting prostate cancer with an area under the ROC curve of 0.67.

fair value of facilities and equipment donated to the government; and

"Vila Franca de Xira: October Fair: ancient fair that includes bull running, fair, and bullfights (first two weeks)."

She's fair to both sides.

"Since court findings of paternity cost the imputed fathers eighteen years' worth of support, it seems only fair that women be held accountable for any promises they make about attempting to remain childless."

"To be fair, I want to pass on to you a complaint that I do find valid, so you can better judge the situation."

"(To be fair, the Times piece does mention other forces, but I still find it an unambitious mishmash.)"

"Of course, Shlaes could honestly argue what she really believes: Making the rich pay higher tax rates than the poor is just not fair, dammit."

"The Turkish Daily News quoted British Prime Minister Tony Blair as bizarrely describing the EU communiqué on Turkey as ""[a] way for Europe not to turn its back, but its face to Turkey,"" and an unnamed EU spokeswoman as saying, even more bizarrely: ""If this was a fair world, Turks would have been rejoicing in Ankara."""

"Within a day’s walk are a lake and streams with good fishing, especially for trout, and you’ll have a fair chance of spotting some of the park’s wildlife, too — bobcats, coyotes, golden eagles, black bear, spotted skunk, and cougar."

Most of us already speak a fair amount of Yiddish (Yinglish) without fully realizing it.

"You’ll find a full range of sports offered: from tennis, windsurfing, and waterskiing to snorkeling and diving — however it is fair to say that the underwater world so close to the capital can be disappointing."

"(To be fair, though, I did believe it when McConaughey's callow, mushy character is later hired by the Clinton White House as a spiritual adviser.)"

"But this presented a new testing challenge, namely that anything in the street in New York City is fair game."

It's a fair cop: I think all taxpayers should pay the same rate of tax.

"To give this dialogue the semblance of a fair fight, allow me to delineate at least some things that I think Rosen and his allies get right."

High praise is tidy middling and middling is very fair!

"The amount of intake varies from state to state--California and New York get about $25 billion each, while smaller states get just $1 billion--although exact amounts are not fully determined because the federal government, as a major contributor to states' Medicaid services, is wrangling for its fair share of the dividend."

"A number of hangar-type halls used during the year by commercial exhibitors at fairs line a central pedestrian avenue leading upwards to the vast Palau Nacional, the fair’s Spanish pavilion."

"Most of the 130-odd sources are, quite naturally, UK in origin and persuasion, with a fair sprinkling of US periodicals; others looked at include Australia, Canada, Malaysia, Turkey, Hong Kong, and France (for The International Herald Tribune ). Ayto writes well, and his Introduction (actually, to get fussy about it, Foreword or Preface) sets forth clearly the aims and purposes of this collection of neologisms."

"Annually, the Federal Government provides funding to state and local governments for the purchase, the construction, or the major renovation of physical property owned by state and local governments; additionally, from time to time, the Federal Government transfers PP&E to these governments in exchange for less than fair value."

"But they are especially concerned with developing uniform, consistent, and fair tax treatment by state and local authorities."

"If the tribals captured Bin Ladin, the officer assured them that he would receive a fair trial under U.S. law and be treated humanely."

"The sizes of statistical fluctuations familiar from statistical physics scale as the square root of the number of particles, N. Consider tossing a fair coin 10,000 times."

"Rather, it constitutes what publishers call a “package,” that is, it contains a fair amount of lexicographic material but little or nothing that is original."

"If a writer is, by definition, one who writes a fair amount and does so professionally (for which read “gets paid for it”), I suppose I can call myself a writer."

"Shortly after this, North used the terms revenue producers and deserving of fair just reasonable compensation . These phrases are two more synonyms for profit that alter our perception a little."

(1) the establishment and maintenance of a fair and equitable schedule;

The 2 pain studies are of fair to poor quality.

She accepts that all these versions of Woolf are more or less fair.

"To be fair, M&S also criticize identifications (mainly from news stories) of women as “mother of five” and other gratuitous characterizations that are not only irrelevant to the item's newsworthiness but are rarely offered about men."

"It stated that ranking 31st in federal funds per pupil meant that somehow California was not getting its ""fair share."""

"Which was only fair, because he seemed to be salivating less over America's new golden girls than over his giant tub of fried something or other--popcorn?"

"Many CEOs decide on what they perceive to be a fair level of pay, add $10 million to give themselves some maneuvering room, and then present their outsized demands to a board of directors that they hand-picked."

"The major festivals discussed below are joined by the Film Festival, the Jazz and Blues Festival, and the Book Festival (said to be the biggest public book fair in the world)."

"Trying to be fair, I cooked up a test or two."

"The Scots have traditionally hosted “the best New Year celebrations in the world,” and Edinburgh has expanded the one night into a five-night Hogmanay Festival of torchlight parades, street theater, and food fair in the days before 31 December (website: )."

"Yet, the very effort to secure this fair representation of all voting groups threatens both the sense of common nationhood in the United States and calls into question the integrity of individual decision making in democratic elections."

"Well actually, to be fair, it was made by Matt Drudge, in his May 20th Report."

This is not fair to womankind.

Stewardship information will be necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and results of operations.

"Having now defined the dimensionality of the adjacent possible and noted that the biosphere and universe as a whole is vastly nonergodic, hence, kinetically trapped in a small region of its total space of possibilities, it is fair to wonder whether general laws may govern this nonergodic flow."

That makes government spending a fair target for your indignation.

3) Chelsea is fair game because she's an adult and a public figure.

"These films have been derided as ""teensploitation,"" but I don't think the description is fair."

"In that respect, some participants felt that FASB is marching toward a ""fair value"" path and cautioned that the fair value reporting model is not always good and needs to be used only where it really makes sense."

"The area under the ROC curve was 0.67, indicating fair discriminating power for detecting prostate cancer."

"A benefit of Tennessee's fair housing efforts (noted earlier) is that LSC-funded programs in Mississippi, in collaboration with West Tennessee Legal Services, will receive a three-year HUD grant of $350,000 to develop and administer a fair housing initiative in Mississippi."

"I did catch the debate last night, as well as a fair amount of post-game analysis."

"To effectively support the Congress, GAO must be professional, objective, fact-based, nonpartisan, nonideological, fair, and balanced in all its work."

"To be fair, you can make a better case on behalf of the New Paradigm than on behalf of the hapless Glassman."

"--The cost of property, plant, and equipment (PP&E) acquired through an exchange of assets with the public is the fair value of the PP&E surrendered at the time of exchange."

"To be fair, this last neurosis extends beyond McPhee."

"So, to give the theory a fair chance, we have to look for more significant differences between men's and women's clothing."

"The tax is based on property's ""fair market value ,"" which is a malleable concept and notoriously underestimated by professional estate appraisers."

"In fact, as we shall see, natural languages contain a fair amount of redundancy."

"‘The great advantage over advertising is that the airtime is practically free, and there is no fair balance to worry about’ she writes [2]."

"Guided by the belief that access to quality legal services is critical to a fair adversarial justice system and committed to making significant improvements in their delivery, the LSC Board of Directors approved and enacted Strategic Directions 2000-2005 in January 2000."

"And this year was the first time they ever got to go to the county fair."""

The Plaça Sant Josep Oriol has a weekend art fair with artists selling watercolors and oil paintings.

"Well, in this brave new world, if you have a screen name, you're fair game."""

"We will use any means necessary to achieve this end, including competition, both fair and unfair, wholesale buying up of potential rivals, strategic partnerships and alliances, strategic betrayals of partners and allies, theft, bribery, murder, and, if necessary, putting out a high-quality product."

"Bush outlined his ""core, conservative principles""--""limited government,"" ""low taxes,"" ""free and fair trade,"" ""local control of schools,"" ""strong families,"" and ""personal responsibility."""

"Do know, however, that your situation is not unusual--hence the name of a best seller: Prozac Nation . Prudie would even give you odds that of those you pursue, a fair number will be chemically balanced themselves."

The difference between the cost of the PP&E acquired and its fair value is recognized as a loss.

"Here's what strikes Miss Manners as a fair division of labor, she writes on her favorite subject, child rearing: ""She will nag adults to teach manners to children, and everyone else will find them the time in which to do this."""

"So that it would be a fair statement that even though what you were reading in the newspapers got you upset, that you never personally attended one of the board meetings in that year?"

"A few hundred boisterous Texans--mostly men, middle-aged or above, with a fair number of angry young rednecks and dotty old women--filled the cramped banquet room of a run-down motor lodge in ""downtown"" Kilgore."

"As for your particular question about Ally McBeal skirts and ladies minus underwear, Prudie feels these people do not purchase their clothes in the dark, so whatever is able to be seen is fair game for whatever response feels natural."

And our ideas of what constitutes a fair wage or a fair return on capital are historically contingent.

"An editorial in the Pioneer of India said that ""the polling, it is true, has not in all cases been as peaceful or free and fair as it should be in an ideal situation, but then nobody has ever suggested that Indian politics today even remotely approximated the ideal."""

"A drawback of this simple definition of 'healthy' is that it does not distinguish between fair or poor health and death, since all are considered 'not healthy'."

This would create the appearance of media fair play without doing either of our favorites much damage.

Critics protested that 1) the heroin look faded from fashion magazines months ago; 2) heroin use is far less common than Clinton suggested; and 3) it's not fair to blame drug abuse on advertisers.

"Since acquisitions almost universally occur at a price above the current market price, and since bidding wars (of all kinds) tend to drive prices far above fair value, investors have jumped into the drug stocks, assuming that merger-mania has to be good for them."

"5 - 82), and fair for those looking at pain (45."

"One of the most effective ways to ensure that a report is fair, complete, and objective is to obtain advance review and comments by responsible officials of the audited entity and others, as may be appropriate."

"The life of purity, the supreme fair, Ere he arrive his weary', noontide prick."

"Nothing about this process has been fair. There are also a fair share of gleeful gambling regulators, bookmakers, and casino employees among the panels of expert witnesses the commission hears from. I suppose it's only fair that girls win equal rights to good old, solipsistic Desire No. If the fair value of the PP&E acquired is less than the fair value of the PP&E surrendered, the PP&E acquired is recognized at its cost and subsequently reduced to its fair value. In doing so, we may be eliminating any predictable connection between creators and a fair reward for the utility or pleasure others may find in their works."

If Oprah Winfrey were a top government official--and a fair bit of America probably wishes she were--she would be Alan Greenspan.

"The breach of equal treatment need not be feared, and information on the distribution of potential voting blocks serves the cause of securing fair representation of all major groups in American society."

"If the fair value of the PP&E acquired is more readily determinable than that of the PP&E surrendered, the cost is the fair value of the PP&E acquired."

"You can survey the variety of goods available in Beijing (from crafts and souvenirs to jewelry and carpets) and determine their fair market prices by visiting the city’s most comprehensive department store for tourists, the Friendship Store, located well east of the Forbidden City (at 17 Jianguomenwai Dajie)."

"Microsoft does engage in some anti-competitive practices, such as not allowing resellers to disclose contract terms, and the Department of Justice is doing a fair job of policing such activity."

"Would the grits be ducks, or are they fair game for News Quiz scorn?"

"Participants acknowledged that accounting standards have changed to capture fair value in addition to historical value, resulting in a model that is now a mixture of the two, whereas the original financial statement model was based solely on historical costs."

The Leland Act amendments: (1) simplify the household definition; (2) establish eligibility for children who live with their food stamp eligible parents in a drug or alcohol rehabilitation center; (3) exclude from resources the value of vehicles used to transport fuel or water; (4) increase the fair market value exclusion of vehicles for determining a household's resource limit; (5) exclude certain General Assistance vendor payments; (6) exclude the earnings of elementary and secondary school students under age 22 who live with their parents; (7) increase the maximum amount of the dependent care deduction; (8) eliminate the current

My focus is to be fair to all sides.

"In conjunction with the agency's mission and core values, GAO must, among other things, be professional, objective, factbased, nonpartisan, nonideological, fair, and balanced in all of its audit, investigation, and evaluation work."

"But even in those cases where magazines speak openly for the owner's point of view, it's not fair to assume that a third party with whom the owner sympathizes calls the shots."

I don't think that that's a fair area of inquiry to get into.

"Well, I think it's a fair characterization that there was discussion about the policy."

"Urban is genuinely concerned that the disabled community is not getting a fair share, and he goes out of his way to help disabled people."

"Many of the country houses also hold special events, such as antiques or crafts fairs or “fun days” with fair rides, throughout the summer months."

"They state that policy decisions for the fair distribution of ARVs should be based upon the following ethical principles: (i) the principle that like cases should be treated alike, (ii) the utilitarian principles of maximizing overall societal benefits, (iii) the egalitarian principles of equity (distributing resources, such as health care, equally among different groups), and (iv) the Maximin principle (which prioritizes individuals that are the least advantaged) [24]."

"Scrapie is a wonderful example of systematic surveillance but, to be fair to the decision-makers and technical people involved with CWD, surveillance on wildlife species is very difficult.”"

"She emphasized ""how important it is for them to feel that they're being listened to, that they have an opportunity to say what they need to say - for them not only to get a fair trial but to believe that the system is being fair to them."""

"November: Burgundy (Beaune, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Meursault, and Chablis), wine festivals; Dijon, gastronomy fair; Cannes, dance"

"This is also a good time for me to reiterate that the Columbia Journalism Review was, is, and always will be independent, tough-minded, fair, and impartial in all its judgments."

"If the fair value of the PP&E acquired is less than the fair value of the PP&E surrendered, the PP&E acquired is recognized at its cost and subsequently reduced to its fair value."

"I sympathize with those who say that that's not really a fair test. That makes getting fair market value for the commercial space a must. (Even a fair number of Americans and Russians are now visiting.) The courts can be as fuzzy about what constitutes fair use as they are about what constitutes substantial similarity. The agency takes credit for abolition of debtors' prison, the right to due process and a fair hearing, the first successful employment-discrimination lawsuits, improved housing codes and accessibility for people with disabilities."""

"To be fair, it is possible to argue with logical consistency that Broadway is simultaneously booming and busting."

"In no more than 15 to 20 minutes, fair skin can be painfully broiled, even in the shade of a coconut tree."

"The piece also explicitly points out the irony in Microsoft's argument that AOL ""is using its exclusive technology to prevent fair competition based on open standards,"" which is ""exactly the complaint from Netscape that prompted ..."

"The investigators reasoned that recurrent ischemic events in this population were likely to result from restenosis or bypass graft closure and that statins would be less likely to affect these processes [ 8 ] . Nevertheless, a number of trials have established the benefits of statin therapy early after coronary revascularization [ 9 10 11 ] . Furthermore, a number of recent trials have suggested that higher risk patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes fair better when an early invasive strategy is applied [ 12 13 14 ] and it is not uncommon for patients to be treated in this fashion."

"As its name suggests, it is blessed with more than its fair share of sunshine."

"We're only one season into The Sopranos , so it's a bit too early to say if this particular manifestation of mob art is influencing mob life, but I think it's fair to say that no one in actual organized crime would ever want to be hooked up with Tony Soprano's crew."

"I share the general disdain for lengthy tit-for-tat replies, but when facts are at issue, it's only fair to give a guy a chance to set the record straight."

"I'm also not sure it's fair to lay all of the Northwest's sins at the feet of Microsoft, Amazon.com, and Starbucks."

"The present tax system is pretty fair, and is certainly more democratic than a flat tax."

"Just once I'd like to see the union say, 'We lost fair and square, and now it's over,' says Dick Reece, the company's point man on labor relations."

"The Bradley squad, led by the former All-American from Princeton, hasn't quite caught up, and the captain is complaining that opponent Gore isn't playing fair."

"Yet the banner inside General Electric's aero-engine servicing department in South Wales--'_____________'--is a fair approximation of what GE has been up to in Nantgarw since it bought the business from British Airways in 1991."""

"I think it's partly because people feel these soldiers haven't got a fair shake from historians, the media, etc."

But the more interesting aspect of Rudy Giuliani's latest attempt to bring order to our fair city was the way it showcased how little parking there is in New York.

"DiGenova says he is at a loss to explain, since he and his wife have been ""very fair"" to the president in their scores of recent appearances on programs including Rivera Live and Crossfire . TV bookers love diGenova because he is a former prosecutor who goes for the sound bite, and also because he is a former independent counsel himself."

"Though I have some disagreements with Judith Shulevitz in the Aug. 5 ""Culturebox,"" and though I believe she has been less than fair in several of her comments about my work, I am nevertheless indebted to her for taking up some of the questions I raised about Holocaust scholarship in the June issue of Commentary ."

They appraise poor films as good and fair films as great.

Squabbles between the IRS and estates over fair market value are routine and often protracted.

"But there is a difference between learning about them and trying to gain fluency in them: I think I know a fair amount about many languages in which I have no speaking or writing ability; however rewarding fluency in them might be for aesthetic reasons (to read their literature, for example), one has just so much time."

"To be fair, Wright is talking about sleeping with a newborn infant, before the age when weaning would naturally become an issue."

"Western countries have urged China to conduct fair, competitive elections next year."

"Arguments that Jews are a race of nefarious devils are still being published in the Middle East, and have been exhibited at Cairo's book fair."

"Needless to say, she has spent a fair amount of time trying to convert me."

"This definitely isn't ""fair use."""

"McCain's flawed plan, like Bush's even more flawed plan, wouldn't give vouchers a fair test, because it doesn't fund the voucher at anywhere near the cost of most private schools."

"The pedagogical pretensions of encyclopedic dictionaries must be taken with a grain of salt, though their skewing may be a fair reflection of the limited knowledge that speech communities have of the worthies of whom other speech communities boast."

Even when I started working in London I had to accept a fair number of Mista Forps in the course of an average day.

"Fox News Sunday 's recent efforts to uplift the debate with expert round tables that aren't pegged to the news (race in America last week and ""the media--is it fair?"""

"The only justification for the present system is that intelligence is useful in any task, and that the only fair and systematic way we have of determining intelligence is by way of a uniform test, poor as that may be."

I've taken a fair number of hits for being one of the people who signed on to represent the tobacco industry when they started their negotiations with the state attorneys general and the health groups back in 1997.

"That isn't fair."""

"Even though Senate Republicans acceded to a Democratic provision that will prevent banks with unsatisfactory lending records from moving into other financial services, advocates for disadvantaged borrowers argue that the agreement fails to strengthen fair lending laws."

"I don't really think it's fair to characterize this shift as a ""marketing problem."""

"To my knowledge, Friedman's proposal has never struck anyone as fair, but at least it gets the incentives right."

"To be fair, the profile subject says of himself, ""I'm not a success story yet, but I recognize the issues."""

"The justices who disagree with Rehnquist politically love him as a colleague: He's fair, agreeable, and fast."

"As I say, it would have been only fair to mention it."

"And in his 1908 manual Scouting for Boys , which has a fair claim as one of the most influential books of the 20 th century, he focuses keenly on lust (though he does not mention homosexuality outright)."

"The company has undergone close scrutiny, has performed a battery of tests to show that it's being fair to its competitors, and has lost enough customers--though still a tiny fraction of the overall number--to its competitors to suggest that it doesn't have a complete monopoly."

Christmas was 25 days away when a fair number of my neighbors had already placed lights around their homes and fully decorated their trees.

"And although there's a fair amount of discussion about who's selling, there's comparatively little about who's buying--why?"

"Capital-gains taxes, to be fair, must be indexed for inflation, otherwise many long-term investors must pay tax on gains that are more than offset by inflation."

"Walking around the state fair, he hurls himself at voters."

All Cabinet-level appointees are now fair game for a confirmation challenge.

"If Bill Gates is the distant father figure of the New Seattle, fellow Microsoft billionaire Paul Allen is the beloved Mom, representing the Old Seattle virtues of fair play and civic generosity."

"The Post welfare piece includes this statement made yesterday by President Clinton: ""But a year later, I think it's fair to say the debate is over."

"He told the paper, ""[I]f the election is full of intimidation and it is not fair and there is retribution after the election, then I think we will have to re-evaluate our assistance to Indonesia in a very negative way."""

"It would be fair to say that like Alyssa, the central character in Chasing Amy , I have until now led an experimental life."

Editorialists think this is a fair deal.

"Nonetheless, I think Newsweek should have included this important quote if it had wanted to be fair."

"Richard Ferris kissed the right hand of Hillary Clinton, who was not an official exhibit at the fair but was, rather, a visitor, in the sense that someone working the crowd for money and votes is visiting."

"In response, Nigeria's military leader appealed for calm, and has promised that two U.S. doctors will be brought in to perform a fair autopsy for Abiola."

". It's called ""fair use,"" and is comparable to the quotation of a short passage of a book in a review."

"The March issue of Essence magazine invites readers to visit a ""community activist"" Web site about Social Security and become involved ""to ensure that we get our fair share."""

And we took that to be a fair point.

"But later Ellis concedes, ""You know, to be honestly fair with you, I do not know what our Web site looks like."""

"Yet, it is fair to ask whether the diversion of public funds from public schools weakens and further threatens what was once a powerful institution of upward mobility for the poor and immigrants."

"' But after reading the other complaints you've received about U-Haul, I think it's fair to say that I've got the topper--U-Haul almost killed me."""

"The initials, always pronounced as one Italian word “ay-OOR”), stand for Esposizione Universale di Roma , a world's fair that was to have been held in 1942 but yielded instead to World War II."

"Here Chatterbox goes the extra mile to be fair, and look what happens!"

"Add to that the press's non-ideological, but still unattractive, contempt for likely losers, and you get an atmosphere in which the House GOPs are fair game for cheap shots."

"The LAT lead reports that in response to Starr's admission in a Content magazine interview that he spoke privately to reporters about potential witnesses in Clinton-related inquiries, the White House took to the Sunday airwaves to charge that such actions were illegal and that fair inquiry into Clinton will be completely in question until they are investigated."

"Well, ideally every state's per pupil amount should be the same, and failing that, one should expect fair per pupil spending to follow something like a bell-curve distribution, with most of the states over time clustering around the middle of the pack."

"A verb/noun entry: to tough out a storm, that is, to weather weather . More doubles, minus definitions, are: cozy cozy, March march, short short, fair fair , and so on."

"For example, the American press can manage to generate a fair amount of resentment over members of Congress accepting campaign contributions from corporations--though not enough resentment, apparently, to reform the system."

"These laws, which allowed Paula Jones' lawyers to investigate Clinton's sexual history, were never fair."

"Rather than turn our cities into slaughterhouses, the paper said, the authorities should set up ""ad hoc organizations to collect money, butcher the rams in appropriate places, preserve the meat in a hygienic manner, and distribute it in a fair way among all those who actually need it."""

"Whereas it is easy to explain this by referring to the cultural importance of food in African societies, the same reasoning can hardly be applied to the case of English, which has its own fair share of food images."

If you believe that Reagan's 1981 tax cut was responsible for all those growth years--that otherwise we would have wallowed in stagnation for seven years--Abraham's choice may be fair enough.

"Today's Papers says, fair enough, O.J., provided you disclose the private information from your files that you have thus far suppressed."

"He's quoted in two different WP front-pagers and by the LAT . Although to be fair, if he weren't quoted there would hardly be any doubts raised in the dailies at all about the wonderful wonderfullitude of it all."

"You can't point to a bright-line rule to make the decision; rather, the judge is asked to weigh the equities and say, ""This or that doesn't seem fair to me, and so I order you to do differently."""

To suggest that he made a mistake by not entering a game several years ago is fair.

"That is a fair and important set of questions to ask, but again, it is not one that is unique to cyberspace."

"In other words, if you think that markets are even relatively good at determining a fair price for assets, then KKR can't hurt its companies' long-term prospects without hurting itself."

"And because it will take any normal human being at least that long to read the galleys (773 pages), let alone reflect upon their contents, it's a fair bet that anyone who reviews the novel has 1) merely skimmed it, meaning his impressions are superficial; 2) actually read every page, but only by foregoing food and rest, meaning his impressions are warped by stress; or 3) not read the book at all, meaning his impressions are just as worthy as those of the thousands of other literate folk who will buy Pynchon's novel on reputation, read the jacket copy, put it down, and pronounce it either another masterpiece or a disappointing falling off, though somewhat better than Vineland , his previous book."

"Well, if smoking can reduce breast cancer, it's only fair that, according to the NYT front, catalytic converters have been found by the EPA to be a significant cause of global warming."

Most of us already speak a fair amount of Yiddish (Yinglish) without fully realizing it.

Democracy relatively weak: free and fair elections; state-controlled media.)

"This looks artificial when you're dealing with a fact witness, but these are fact witnesses who are also reporters, and I am straining to try to find a fair way to do this."

"At its core, statistical mechanics relies on the same kind of statistical argument as does the flipping of a fair coin , times."

How long is a fair amount of time to date someone before getting engaged?

The structure was erected for a trade fair in 1882 and taken over by the bomba or firemen’s organization.

"The west coast of the Algarve is wilder, colder, windier, and considerably emptier, even though it has its fair share of wonderful beaches."

"Today, at Stampede Park, it does indeed stage agricultural and garden exhibitions, displays of Indian crafts and dancing, and all the sideshows of a country fair."

"The day the Nobel was announced, Saramago was at the Frankfurt book fair to deliver a speech on what it means to be a Communist writer today."

The financial reporting model uses a mixture of historical costs and fair value to present a company's transactions.

Barak's spin: We reached a fair compromise.

"As in any ancient country, India’s modernizing plunge into the 20th century has produced its fair share of trinkets and tinsel, but its traditional craftwork continues at the highest level: silks, carpets, jewelry, perfumes, brassware, and wood-carving are first class, and you will have the added bonus of dealing with the most charming bunch of merchants in the world."

"And it is not fair to criticize Janet Maslin for praising Lethal Weapon 4 while suppressing the information that I, for example, disliked it, because that would not help his case--just as the information that Maslin disliked many of the other films he mentions would also not serve his thesis."

"If fair value is not estimable, information related to the type and quantity of assets received shall be disclosed in the year received."

"August: Annecy, fireworks by the lake; Chartres, organ recitals in cathedral, Assumption Day procession and Mass; Aix-en-Provence, jazz; Colmar, wine fair; Le Touquet, chamber music"

"Perhaps as a sop to female viewers, the cast includes a fair helping of Gillette jaws and cute butts."

"Everyone has a stake in making our justice system accessible and fair."""

"The stunning news was delivered by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs at an Apple trade fair in Boston, while Bill Gates looked on and commented approvingly via a giant TV screen."

Buskers turn it into something of a genteel English country fair on the weekend.

"Most of them have never had a fair shake from the outside world, said Mark Wilk, director of the Oregon Law Center's Woodburn office. """

"It is a fair inference, given the differing situations in New York City and Northern Virginia, that the problems in command, control, and communications that occurred at both sites will likely recur in any emergency of similar scale."

"The report should be fair and not misleading, and should place the audit results in perspective."

"Poorer health was also more likely to be reported by the working class twin; among the 51 monozygotic pairs discordant on class, the proportion of pairs in which the WC twin reported fair or poor health while her NWC twin reported excellent or good health (17."

"Andersen may have been the auditor for more than its fair share of the entities associated with the most recent accountability failures, but it was not the auditor for all of them."

"And democratic governments throughout the world have recognized that government funding for lawyers is as critical to a fair legal system as are judges, courts and laws."

"Heritage assets shall be reported in terms of physical units rather than cost, fair value, or other monetary values."

"I just got back from a job fair in Washington where I identified about two dozen very qualified young attorneys."""

"3%, i.e., pairs in which the WC twin reported good or excellent health and the NWC twin reported fair or poor health)."

"--The cost of property, plant, and equipment (PP&E) acquired through an exchange of assets with the public is the fair value of the PP&E surrendered at the time of exchange."

"To effectively support the Congress, GAO must be professional, objective, fact-based, nonpartisan, nonideological, fair, and balanced in all its work."

I think it's fair to say we'll be heavily discounted.

"In keeping with GAO's values of being fair and balanced in its work with all agencies, GAO has articulated its criteria for determining the amount of time available for agency comments on GAO's products."

"I support the cornerstone concept of these laws, known as fair information practices."

"At the same time, they agreed that it is fair to expect auditors to provide ""reasonable assurance"" of detecting any material fraud."

"EVGFP Is your health excellent, very good, good, fair or poor?"

"Stewardship land shall be reported in terms of physical units rather than cost, fair value, or other monetary values."

"In addition to the transfers shown above in the ""Community and Regional Development"" category, the fair value of land and facilities associated with former military installations that were transferred to local governments approximated $40 million in 199Y and $52 million in 199Z."

"A fair objection to this statement is that the laws of probability operate on large numbers, and selecting fewer than 30 instances does not always provide the generalizability to the population as a whole that probability samples promise."

"I can't think of a single client that hasn't had a fair hearing in front of her, Deputy Public Defender Noel Leon said. """

"To be admitted to practice law, every attorney must take a professional oath to promote justice -- and every state's ethical rules include language indicating lawyers' responsibility to be guardians of fair play for those living in poverty."

"Therefore, stewardship land is reported in terms of physical units rather than cost, fair value, or other monetary values."

"In 1999, 90% of students and 91% of faculty agreed that the OSCE represented an appropriate and fair evaluation method, and that enough time was given to complete the stations."

"The standards have been revised to require a description of the property transfer transaction; if the fair value is known, nothing would preclude reporting it."

"In fact, it is fair to hypothesize that several diseases thought to be of ""idiopathic"" origin may be triggered by chronic infections with CMV and other infectious agents in the genetically susceptible host."

"Fairness and diversity: Senior executives can foster fairness and diversity by protecting the rights of all employees, providing a fair dispute resolution system, and working to prevent discrimination through equality of"

"If neither fair value is determinable, the cost of the PP&E acquired is the cost recorded for the PP&E surrendered net of any accumulated depreciation or amortization."

"The fair value of the property, if known and material, shall be disclosed in notes to the financial statements."

"In petitioners' view, the restriction operates neither to maintain the current welfare system nor insulate it from attack; rather, it helps the current welfare system function in a more efficient and fair manner by removing from the program complex challenges to existing welfare laws."

"§ 403(c), and the preservation of fair contributions to the Postal Service's institutional costs by mail volumes."

"It provides assurance that we have not prematurely overlooked important factors, that we have not been swayed by information from limited or perhaps biased sources, and that we have taken context into account, thus giving a fair and balanced picture of the situation."

"6 Finally, there is the notion that it is fair to provide nondiscriminatory downstream access to the delivery network."

Readers knew there was going to be a fair measure of boasting and self-serving in that section.

"You're right, we began somber and became silly, which is a fair representation of my breakfast table--I'm thinking of the morning trajectory from stumbling glumly downstairs to fighting over the comics, except that around my table the only audible dialogue is generally, ""You done with those yet?"""

"On the whole, despite the preliminary screening that callers are subjected to, mainly in order to eliminate cranks, drunks, and undesirables, those who do get through rarely have anything of moment to contribute, the presenters are notably unsympathetic in eliciting a fair exposure of their comments, and the listener is (too) often left with the feeling that the presenter has been too dismissive."

"Maybe, Chatterbox thought, the only fair comparison was for the years 1985 through 1992, when Gore and Bradley served together in the Senate: same chamber, same votes, no room for apples-and-oranges mismatches."

It's fair enough to use such a tax to pay for a social insurance program that provides coverage in rough proportion to contributions.

"Civil rights would always be a cause that moved by symbolic advances, and the fact is that Eleanor took down more than her fair share of bricks from the edifice of respectable racism."

"The LAT 's top story is that the leader of the recent coup in Cambodia, Hun Sen, ""promises free and fair elections and urges human rights organizations and the media to continue their work."""

"The Yankee Clipper, Joe DiMaggio, because of his grace under pressure and his unimpeachable sense of fair pl--What? To be fair, the public does seem to have wised up a lot. But when it comes to dictionaries, editors appear to consider them fair game for almost anyone, and they often assign novelists to write the review. And our ideas of what constitutes a fair wage or a fair return on capital are historically contingent. ArtNet is the brainchild of Hans Neuendorf, a German dealer who started the first international art fair, in Cologne in 1967--the first actual art market. It also, to be fair, means that Eastwood can go where the Sylvester Stallones and Arnold Schwarzeneggers and Steven Seagals daren't. Anything quaint found in New England is fair game, regardless of where else it may occur. Nevertheless, we want to get things right and be as fair as possible. Bradley, he is, you know, the type of individual who has always been fair."

I like the theory that parents believe there is something intrinsically fair about giving equal amounts to everyone.

"Such occasional overreaching aside, Applebome's is a shrewd, fair, and entertaining guide to the region."

They excuse the enemy regime's aggression and insist that it can be trusted to negotiate and honor a fair resolution.

"Also, the doctrine of ""fair use"" allows writers to quote limited sections of a work, as long as it is germane, properly attributed, and doesn't undercut sales of the original."

"I just say that if every black character must be passed through a prism of political correctness, that is not fair to the character, the actor, or the author."

"That always seemed fair to me, and I wouldn't expect more of others."

"I am an attractive single woman, and he has spent a fair amount of time getting to know me and taking me to nice dinners, dancing, etc."

"In Thomas D'Urfey's song “Great Lord Frog to Lady Mouse” appears, “Then altho my Bum be bare,/All must own 'tis smooth and fair;/I've no Scars of Venus there.”"

"To be fair, there was only one ""did-we-pay-you-this-month?"""

Serbian and Croatian minorities complain they will not get a fair shake in the Muslim-majority state.

"And all the loopholes make a ""nominally progressive"" system much less fair than it appears, and much less fair than a one-size-fits-all system."

We have a new awareness of how limiting and unfair the cult of fair hair can be.

That is a fair description.

The Guyana Chronicle announces that the Electoral Assistance Bureau has determined December's Guyanese elections fair and valid.

"Nicknaming, it seems fair to conclude, is an activity that has long delighted and entertained all Americans--white, colored, hyphenated, and just plain--and the fiercely contested clash over “Indian” nicknames appears to be largely due to overzealous activism and misdirected social reform."

"Festa itself derives from festus which probably, according to etymologists, had the same root as feria fair."

"In a lawsuit, you are relying on established rights that the king had laid down; the jurors used to be 12 men from the community who were ""familiar"" with the subject and who, when shown or told what the statute said, could make a fair decision and resolve the controversy."

"But the real question Boaz begs is why the laws he thinks are necessary for society to function, including fair chunks of the U.S."

"I apologize for the fact that, as with many appellate briefs, detailing the grounds for the appeal will require a fair amount of space."

"To be fair (not usually my strong suit), a different roommate says he remembers Bush being open-minded and curious as to what this new freshmen class was about."

"The NYT reports inside that President Clinton seized on Dole's announcement to take a shot at George W. Bush, calling him the first candidate in the history of the modern era who's given up federal funding so that he could raise an unlimited sum of money, something Clinton says he'd been urged to do in the past but did not because it ""wasn't fair."""

"To allay Mr. Benn's concerns, I think it is not fair game to talk about all the other things that they heard and why they wrote the article the way they did and why they excluded quotes."

Is that a fair statement?

Launching 'Dubai Internet city ' coincided with the opening of the annual information fair in Dubai which is considered to be the biggest in the Middle East - Gulf Information Technology Getix.

The result can be a quality suit at a fair price — but made-to-measure clothing is not cheap.

"A benefit of Tennessee's fair housing efforts (noted earlier) is that LSC-funded programs in Mississippi, in collaboration with West Tennessee Legal Services, will receive a three-year HUD grant of $350,000 to develop and administer a fair housing initiative in Mississippi."

"THE GIRL SCOUT LAW I will do my best to be Honest, and fair, Friendly and helpful, Considerate and caring, Courageous and strong, and Responsible for what I say and do, and to Respect myself and others Respect authority Use resources wisely, Make the world a better place, and Be a sister to every Girl Scout."

It was Bush administration policy that democracy was spreading in Latin America and that the election was going to be fair.

The only public indication that FISA plays fair comes from federal courts.

"He which hath no stomach to this fight, And hideth in the tall grass, like a damn girl, Let him depart; I'll get him a job at CNN, Where mine appalling comments about the dusky Moor And olive-skinned Levantine (and working maidens fair, And--no one's really glommed onto this yet-- My disparagement of those men of right good male fellowship, Who doth hoard original-cast albums of Broadway musicals, If ya know what I mean) serves but to raise my fees on Crossfire . Forsooth, 'tis a rich scam!"

Thursday's fair and balanced assessment of Fannie Mae's James Johnson mentioned that the Fannie Mae Foundation and the Washington Post cosponsor a series of free concerts at the Kennedy Center (which Johnson also heads).

"One of the most effective ways to ensure that a report is fair, complete, and objective is to obtain advance review and comments by responsible officials of the audited entity and others, as may be appropriate."

"Navigation is hindered by sandbars at the mouth and rapids upriver, though small, sea-going vessels can make fair headway up the Rejang in Sarawak and up the Kinabatangan in Sabah."

"However, students of a foreign language soon realize that to master it fully, it is not enough to know the grammatical structure and basic vocabulary: one must also memorize a fair number of phrases and idiomatic expressions and, as a further step, proverbs and sayings."

"Of the 22% who were unhealthy (fair or poor) at baseline, about 24% were healthy 7 years later."

"Beyond Jacques Cartier Bridge, La Ronde amusement park plays every imaginable ultramodern variation on the swings and roundabouts of a country fair."

"To be fair to Jeeves, though, we're not sure anyone has a good answer to that question."

"Because the aviation industry will derive substantial benefits from this deployment, it should pay a fair share of the costs."

"One of the most effective ways to ensure that a report is fair, complete, and objective is to obtain advance review and comments by responsible officials of the audited entity and others, as may be appropriate."

e trail. Five days to a week is about the minimum to have a fair sampling of trekking life (tho

"When Mansfield phoned back, he said, ""You can certainly quote portions of the transcript under the fair use doctrine, and you also can certainly take still frames, make still frames, of the videotaped interview under the fair use doctrine as well."""

"If the fair value of the PP&E acquired is less than the fair value of the PP&E surrendered, the PP&E acquired is recognized at its cost and subsequently reduced to its fair value."

"Culturebox, we are told, ""intends to make a habit of ruling on disputes"" of the sort I provoked in Commentary . Shulevitz would help it acquire some welcome credibility in its rulings if she were also to make a habit of being fair."

Audits of financial statements include all services governed by the AICPA's SASs for which the auditors are engaged to provide a level of assurance on the fair presentation of financial statements in accordance with a stated criteria.

"Thus, the fair Rosamond of English literature—Henry II's mistress who died in 1176—was (also said to be) poisoned to death in 1592, not in the flesh but on the page."

"That's not fair, you say?"

"Sounds fair enough, surely?"

"Both the LAT and NYT go front-page with the news that an eleven-year-old girl, Emily Rosa, did research for a science fair two years ago as a fourth-grader that is being published today in the prestigious Journal of the American Medical Association."

"To be fair, Clinton inherited this mess."

"When Mansfield phoned back, he said, ""You can certainly quote portions of the transcript under the fair use doctrine, and you also can certainly take still frames, make still frames, of the videotaped interview under the fair use doctrine as well."""

"How important are these essays compared to SAT scores as a college determines acceptances, and are the essays fair assessments of a students' abilities?"

"It seems fair to say that, in part as a result of our experience with television, we tend to shy away from making grandiose claims for new technologies anymore."

But that isn't fair either.

"With sufficiently dark humor, any topic can be fair game."

Bauer said that his father was a janitor and that this wasn't fair.

"As a liquor store owner, I'm not so concerned about my fair state losing out on millions of tax dollars through Internet sales."

"I'm all for giving patients a fair chance to contest improper refusals of payment, but we should not lapse into calling such refusals malpractice."

"The piece is scrupulously fair, airing all sides and concluding that collaboration, if that's what it was, may not be such a bad thing, especially for readers."

"Even though Irish-Americans face virtually no discrimination, some have embraced a politics modeled after the campaigns of African-Americans and Native Americans demanding their fair historical due--that American institutions recognize their old hardships."

[I am not at all sure that counting a contraction ( you're ) as one word is fair.

Life isn't fair ...

quite fair.

What would a fair price for Microsoft be if the risk premium were zero?

"I prefer the latter approach, though I have of ten thought it might be only fair to mark such entries with some symbol (like a death's head)."

"there is a crescent moon (or a set of cattle horns, symbolic of a self-deluding cow who thinks she could beat a bear in a fair fight, but I don't like her chances)."

The famous writer Lusun in his prose entitled Fe Er Pe Lai Ying Gai Huan Xing used the phrase fair play ; the title translates into No Fair Play Now .

"An absurdly inefficient system of protected markets and money-losing public corporations has been liberalized and privatized, producing a fair bit of unemployment but a huge surge in productivity."

It wasn't fair.

"To be fair to Leibovitz, she's working under two other constraints."

Nothing in our experience since the office was institutionalized two decades ago--either abuses by individual special prosecutors (of which there have been some) or fair and honest Justice Department investigations of administration officials (of which there also have been some) undermines this basic logic.

"For instance, with an eye towards the courts, employees are now encouraged, says the paper, to say ""fair competition"" not ""slaughtering"" when talking of business strategy."

"Bob Livingston, a bluff Republican representative from Louisiana, had somehow become our chairman and was summing up the prevailing consensus that the election was free and fair."

"To be fair, Lehit is gradually being pushed out by a foreign importation, 'Bye ."

"This is not trivial, because communicating White House amusement is likely to have adverse political consequences for President Clinton, and so it seems only fair to insist that the Times make it clear that it's not being spun--or spinning."

"(But no, Randy, that's not fair, and you know it."

"To call these views racist is fair enough in our day and age, but it hardly takes into account the liberal moderation by which Jefferson would have been judged on these issues in his own time."

"To be fair, E has (until last night) required less maintenance than expected."

"At the behest of a vivacious teacher, Miss Riley (Laura Dern), they're working toward entering the state science fair and competing for college scholarships, but their true goal is simpler: making those rockets go straight and long."

"To be fair, the Americans admit that Asian fleece has made great strides, but the West is still best."

"To be fair, there is much to be said in Maslin's defense."

Prudie thinks a fair amount of time to date someone before getting engaged would be ...

"Chatterbox thinks that the few obsessives who wander onto this page, which enunciates terms of use for all Microsoft Web sites, and not just Slate , will realize that Slate is out to protect its published material from being stolen or plagiarized , but, like every other publication in the world, on the Web or elsewhere, is more than happy to have its published material quoted in accordance with fair use."

And I think it is fair to say that there were countless young African-American girls and boys and boys and girls of all backgrounds who saw you on the national television screens at the very top of your profession demonstrating to one and all that there's nothing you don't know how to do in the field of medicine.

But it's fair to say the money came from someone who identified with our values and mission.

He also said he thinks the domestic policies of Lyndon B. Johnson were all good programs that didn't get a fair shake because of the Vietnam War.

Your advice to the seemed fair and balanced.

"Following is a fair sampling from the deluge, with Prudie's thoughts at the end."

"Ted Bernstein's book never worked well for me, but I might not be a fair touchstone in such matters."

"It is fair to say, though, that a Spaniard might equally side with the Germans and English speakers, and more generally add: ni Roma se fundó luego toda nor Rome built in one go. "

' It's not fair.

"But a ""senior official"" undercuts the sincerity of the new U.S. position when he tells the Times , ""We cannot imagine, based on our analysis, that a genuinely free and fair election would allow Milosevic to remain as president."""

"Bryant, dazzled by her ingenious retort, babbles helplessly, ""OK, good, that's a fair answer,"" and stumbles to his next query."

"Decent reviews for former New York Times executive editor Max Frankel's memoirs: Ward Just calls it a ""a smart, tough, scrupulous book"" in the New York Times Book Review ; in that fair journal's traditional negative-comment spot (the penultimate paragraph) all Just can come up with is that there's ""a whiff of the puritan about Max Frankel, and perhaps also the rustle of score-settling."""

"To be sure, it's not entirely fair to say that the Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission have been asleep at the wheel when it comes to pursuing antitrust cases."

"The stated reason: Clinton thinks the inquiry has not been ""fair."""

"The security approach of Java does restrict what an unsigned applet can do, and those criticisms are fair."

"Once upon a time, the casino owners decided that ""gambling"" was too crude, too avaricious, to describe their fair business."

"It bothers most of us that not all language use is fair or ethical, that it may be deceptive or an outright lie, or what we perceive as a mistake or usage error."

"Parks tells Shaw that he told Felicity Barringer of the New York Times , who broke the story of the Staples deal in the national press, that it was ""an inappropriate arrangement, and we should not have done it,"" but Barringer, who is a scrupulously fair reporter, tells Shaw he never told her anything like that."

"The previous year, during a family trip to the world's fair in San Francisco, Smith had seen an installation of Pueblo Indian cliff dwellings."

"All sides now owe it to the Omagh victims to make sure that, by next August, they are signed up to a fair and lasting peace."""

"The superficial spin: It's not fair to let her testify, since she failed to appear in previous hearings."

"It's a fair question to ask whether the rules should cover him, Ginsberg says of Exley."

"A new school of Jewish historians is more critical of the dislocations caused by Jewish land acquisition, and concludes that it was not always fair."

"If the answer is fair game for scrutiny and dispute, why isn't the question?"

"It is a hunger for glory and all that comes with it--a willingness to sacrifice one's personal desires to the common good; a sense of honor, dignity, and fair play--that allows politics to rise above a mere squabbling among interests."

"Once something is published by anyone, it becomes fair game for analysis and repetition."

"And all the loopholes make a ""nominally progressive"" system much less fair than it appears, and much less fair than a one-size-fits-all system."

fair game for anyone.

"Whether that is a fair conclusion to draw from the evidence is something the reader, once again, can decide."

"To be fair, Si doesn't pay for all such treats."

"The cringe-making menu prose--“50 ways to love your liver”--disguises a reasonably echt core of standard deli fair [sic]: cream cheese and lox, salt beef [`corned beef'], gefilte fish--with a few nouvelle intruders like sun-dried tomato and mozarella [sic] salad."

"If you say, Well, it would make me miserable, make my wife cry, but it has no innuendo, no unattributed pejorative remarks, no slap in the face for joy of slapping, it is news, not gutter gossip, and as a reporter I know the writer was fair, then give it to the copy desk."

But there must be a system for making sure each couple does its fair share.

"Nepotism is unfair by definition, but it's even less fair to level those charges selectively."

"But if some of Gore's criticisms of Bradley are fair, others are totally unfair, and all are part of a transparent effort to keep his opponent on the defensive."

"To renounce his manhood for four, or even eight, years is a fair price to pay, he said."

One question about all this: Was it fair for the Post to give Hitchens the room to defend himself when the legal constraints Blumenthal is under no doubt kept him from being able to write a column of his own about the matter?

"Family values are fine, in their place, but this is the wrong place"" (Terrence Rafferty, The New Yorker ). The New York Times ' Janet Maslin, however, dissents: ""[T]here are some slow patches and formulaic touches, but that's a fair trade for the fun of watching Mr. Williams and Mr. Crystal make an irresistible comic team."""

"So based upon the response that you gave to your attorney, is it a fair statement that you began as a plaintiff in this case in December, 2004, without ever having personally witnessed the actions of the Dover School Board as they debated and enacted the policy on which this lawsuit is based?"

That's a fair statement.

Marcel stays behind; the Sheikh and his friends love to watch his fair Gallic skin get sunburned and peel.

"Readers ought not be put off by the number of pages, for this is a large-format book with a fair amount of text."

The flexibility in the process of allocating emission credits or allowances will also accommodate the different air quality needs in the East and the West while preserving fair competition.

"But presumably if the twenty prices vary a fair amount, that average will not predict the twenty-first month’s price very well."

"As in the case of fair coin flips and equilibrium statistical mechanics, it is as if here again the mathematical structure compels the consequent behavior of matter and energy."

"In western Tennessee, a collaboration by two programs will bring over a million dollars in US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) fair housing grants to Tennessee."

"Dubbed “the fairest mountain among the fair mountains of the world,” Mt. Emei reaches an altitude of well over 3,000 m (over 10,000 ft)."

"You do not take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains, and liberate him, bring him to the starting line of a race, and then say, 'You are free to compete with all the others,' and still justly believe that you have been completely fair, Johnson said."

"From our view, he wrote, ""that seems in character and fair enough."""

In 1884 the city attempted to demonstrate its post-war recovery by staging an international fair — the World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition — on the site of what is now Audubon Park.

"But to be fair, it doesn't work on Windows 3.1 either."

The Board agreed that the fair value of stewardship property transferred to state and local governments need not be determined and reported.

"West of Braga toward the coast is Barcelos, home of the country’s largest agricultural fair (held every Thursday in the massive open square, the Campo da República)."

"To be fair clemmed meant to be very hungry, cold, or miserable."

"In keeping with its values of being fair and balanced in all its work with all the agencies it reviews, GAO, when determining the amount of time available for comment, will consider (1) the timing needs of the requester,"

"The yearly arrival of the Nao de China, a galleon that sailed to Manila and back during these years, was the occasion for an annual merchant fair that drew traders from all over the colony."

"The American legal system ultimately will affirm that Microsoft's actions and innovations were fair and legal, Gates declared."

"The EU's guiding principle is often one of juste retour , or fair reward, in which Member States traditionally seek to recover grants at least equal to their contributions to the EU pot (see Box 1)."

"At the end of the road, near an alpine waterfall, the Kazakhs, who once rode with Genghis and Kublai Khan across these grasslands, open their village to visitors and in July stage a six-day summer fair (nadam) with horse races and wrestling."

"Therefore, they questioned the cost/benefit of requiring that the fair value of stewardship property transferred to state and local governments be determined and reported."

"Takakkaw is an Indian word for “magnificent,” a fair description of the waters spilling out of the outflow of the Daly Glacier."

"It is intriguing that a disproportionate number of QRNA's RNA annotations (74%, 351/472) were in the ""intergenic"" data fraction, which is only 11% of the genome - which is what we would expect to see if there were a fair number of undetected RNA features in the genome."

"If neither fair value is determinable, the cost of the PP&E acquired is the cost recorded for the PP&E surrendered net of any accumulated depreciation or amortization."

"For Model 1 it is only fair to compare Clest gap, gapPC, and hart, as the other methods only estimate ≥ 2."

"If the fair value of the PP&E acquired is more readily determinable than that of the PP&E surrendered, the cost is the fair value of the PP&E acquired."

Retention standard: IRS developed a performance standard relating to the fair and equitable treatment of taxpayers that senior executives must meet.

"In 1999, guided by the belief that access to quality legal services is critical to a fair adversarial justice system and committed to making significant improvements in the delivery system the LSC Board of Directorsv approved and enacted its own strategic plan-Strategic Directions 2000-2005-which was adopted in January 2000."

The sales price may include the fair value of items received in exchange.

"ugh few of those surveyed were able to get legal help, about 71 percent believe the court system is a fair place to resolve disputes, and roughly 61 percent believe the courts and legal system help make society safe."

"The agency's work reflects integrity because it is professional, objective, factbased, nonpartisan, nonideological, fair and balanced."

They also should be presented in a manner to promote adequate understanding of the matters reported and to provide convincing but fair presentations in proper perspective.

"Self-reported covariates include age, gender, smoking (never or former), history of arthritis, cancer, diabetes, fair or poor self-rated health status, limitations in activities of daily living or in instrumental activities of daily living, and 10 pounds or more unintended weight loss in the year before baseline."

"As academic editors they, along with a senior editor at the journal, take research papers through the peer review process in a way that we believe provides the most constructive and fair review."

Participants generally agreed that there is a demand for both historical and fair value reporting.

"Similarly, § 403(a) assigns the Postal Service the duty to ""plan, develop, promote, and provide adequate and efficient postal services at fair and reasonable rates and fees."""

"If the fair value of the PP&E acquired is more readily determinable than that of the PP&E surrendered, the cost is the fair value of the PP&E acquired."

Self-report data were analyzed for self-rated health (dichotomized as excellent/good versus fair/poor) and medication use.

"For property that is held for internal use or transferred to another Federal agency, it is the fair value of the property less a valuation allowance for any liens or third party claims."

"First, there are those who argue that worksharing is a kind of deaveraging, which brings prices closer to costs, and that deaveraging is both economically efficient and fair."

"The court does what it can and it is important that the court remain a fair and neutral ground, she said."

"If the fair value of the PP&E acquired is more readily determinable than that of the PP&E surrendered, the cost is the fair value of the PP&E acquired."

"Many respondents questioned the need for, and the cost/benefit of, requiring that the fair value of stewardship PP&E transferred to state and local governments be reported."

"Clearly, it's not fair. YHL is the number of years in which the person was 'healthy', and is similar in concept to quality-adjusted life-years, healthy year equivalents, or active life expectancy [ 14 ] . We based YHL on self-rated health (is your health excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?) She emphasized how important it is for them to feel that they're being listened to, that they have an opportunity to say what they need to say - for them not only to get a fair trial but to believe that the system is being fair to them."""

"To meet BLM's performance expectation for senior executives to establish a zero tolerance standard for discrimination, harassment, and hostile work environments, a senior executive who heads BLM's Nevada state office set an expectation in his individual plan for the 2001 performance appraisal cycle that he would demonstrate commitment to nondiscrimination in the workplace by ensuring fair access to developmental opportunities for employees."

It has also been proposed that a lottery would be the only fair approach to allocating ARVs [3].

"In that respect, some participants felt that FASB is marching toward a ""fair value"" path and cautioned that the fair value reporting model is not always good and needs to be used only where it really makes sense."

"Thirty years later, as a Los Angeles Superior Court judge, Zelon has added the public's right to a fair trial to the list of constitutional rights she works to preserve."

"We found that the correlations of the global mRNA expression measurements for cultures harvested on different days was only fair (Figure 5a, Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.74), while the correlation between two independent microarray analyses of the same samples gave a correlation of 0.97 (Figure 5b)."

That's an outcome that seems both fair and economically efficient: The punishment falls on the sinners and thereby deters the sin.

"Since court findings of paternity cost the imputed fathers eighteen years' worth of support, it seems only fair that women be held accountable for any promises they make about attempting to remain childless."

"It is not unknown, I think, that meanings change when words cross language frontiers, and what was a temporary booth at a Russian fair (quite probably a chaotic, noisy affair) becomes a mess and a bedlam in Yiddish."

It wouldn't be fair to count this as a negative in weighing Linux's intrinsic merits.

Big-picture theorists concluded courts will now treat Internet confessions as fair game.

The Butter Cow Lady is locally famous for the big cows she crafts out of butter every year for the state fair.

"Since the tasting panel had left the first round grumbling that cheap lagers were not a fair test of their abilities, this second round of testing was advertised to the panel as a reward."

"The only fair way to give Kazan the award, he says, is to ""print the names he named on the back of it."""

"By insisting that everything Microsoft has done is fair competition, they risk the possibility that the public, if it accepts the judge's finding to the contrary, will conclude that Microsoft doesn't know the difference."

"But the opening weekend--which, to be fair, has always been disproportionately important in shaping the way studios handle films--is now of such importance that throwing away the money that could have been made on Friday in order to make the weekend look better somehow seems logical."

"An admirable, courageous and meticulously fair and honest book, says Roger Parloff in the New York Times Book Review . Kennedy's endorsement of extreme race-neutrality--race shouldn't be a factor in stopping criminal-suspect searches or in assembling juries, he says--does strike a few as naive."

"Tannen, like some grandmotherly creature from an Aesop fable, admonishes us to recognize what is good in the work of others, and it is only fair to extend her the same courtesy."

"Critics debate the merits of the star, Gwyneth Paltrow, more than anything else in this ""slender romantic comedy"" (Stephen Holden, the New York Times ). The Washington Post 's Rita Kempley calls Paltrow a ""fair reminder of the young Audrey Hepburn,"" but Entertainment Weekly 's Lisa Schwarzbaum says her ""image project[s] better in fashion-magazine stills than in motion."""

To make a judgment about whether the 16 deserve to be pardoned-or just locked up forever-we need to know who did what to whom and whether the sentences were fair or ridiculously heavy.

It's a fair question.

"To be fair, the White House wanted to sweeten the Medicare pot at the same time it was making these cuts by adding a prescription-drug benefit."

It would be only fair to mention that the terminology is that used in the United States.

"Clinton also says he would judge any proposed tax cut by whether it was fair to average taxpayers, good for the economy, and conducive to a simpler tax code."

"But it was a surprise when he upset two old-guard barons to win the union's first fair, open presidential election in 1991."

"But that's no reason to despise a candidate who tried hard, played fair, and will surely make a gracious exit."

"Clinton spokesman Mike McCurry, who had refused July 21 to comment on ""matters in the other party,"" was so moved by Weld's new plea for a ""fair hearing"" that he repeated that phrase six times at his July 31 press briefing."

Comment : The part about no inheritance taxes for farmers sounds especially fair.

Nor does it seem fair to blame the bureaucrats.

"Police Chief: The chief was caught leasing a luxury apartment for less than half its fair price (his roommate, another officer, told the landlord they needed the space for an undercover operation)."

"In his earnest efforts to give the South a fair shake, Applebome, a native Long Islander now raising a family in Georgia, begins by puncturing Northern stereotypes and sanctimony about the South."

"To be fair, Roth emerges as the tamer monster."

Also in a golden colour for fair hair.

"But, to be fair, Jewish gangsters had excellent nicknames--Kid Twist, Pittsburgh Phil, Little Farvel, Abbaddaba."

"But should we really expect the minority share of enrollments not just to keep growing but to keep growing at its initial pace ? Even in the best of all possible civil-rights environments, the rate of increase would have to slow down sometime, wouldn't it, as minority admissions approached a fair, non-discriminatory level?"

"The ""Dialogue"" on the capital-gains tax between Michael Kinsley and John C. Goodman points out one of the problems in taxing income: It's hard to make it simple and fair."

"But the game seemed fair, and I was simply overmatched."

This is a fair question.

Even when I started working in London I had to accept a fair number of Mista Forps in the course of an average day.

"Thirty years ago, ABC would not televise Abbie Hoffman's American flag shirt on the Dick Cavett Show ; last week it was available at a street fair in my neighborhood in the form of silk underwear."

"But the bottom line is, post-Dada art is subjective, and there's no way any group of government experts can render a fair judgment as to what's good art and what isn't."

"Three-and-a-half decades after its fair, the city has emerged as an international destination for the ambitious and the fashionable."

"But the criticism of Java on performance grounds, as if the performance problems were inherent in the security model, is not fair and is not accurate."

"These are fair assertions, but he never really makes the case in the center of his book."

"(Chatterbox would have preferred Diaz to use this marginally more embarrassing Ellis quote, spotted in the unedited interview transcript: ""You know, to be honestly fair with you, I do not know what our Web site looks like."""

"Maybe all candidates--both parties--could just stipulate that they plan to be good, fair, more, better."

"That's not fair to her: Everyone published slobbering celebrity stories in the '80s: Brown's genius was to combine them with superb investigative, political, and feature writing, then wrap it all in a salacious cover that you just had to open."

Weather remains very fair; it's already 66 degrees with light northeasterly winds; barometer is holding steady; and the seawater temperature is 65 degrees.

"Yet the banner inside General Electric's aero-engine servicing department in South Wales--'_____________'--is a fair approximation of what GE has been up to in Nantgarw since it bought the business from British Airways in 1991."""

Nouns and verbs and other parts of speech are considered not as familiar individuals but as members of different species.

"The quest to assemble the shards of experience, too, is by now familiar."

"Khouri, a native of Paducah, Ky., site of a major school shooting, cited the familiar litany of parental neglect, breakdown of education and community, and the Internet as causes of teen violence."

"A long story on Robert Kennedy's 10 children rehashes their familiar troubles (Joe's divorce, Michael's babysitter affair, etc.)."

"As every good copywriter knows, one of the most effective ways of drawing the attention of newspaper readers to a consumer advertisement is to juggle cleverly with the shape and meaning of a familiar idiom or set phrase."

Clinton did indeed move deftly and systematically to deny Republicans all their familiar means of portraying Democrats as being incorrigibly leftist and outside the mainstream.

"They can join hordes of their sun-deprived brethren from Great Britain, Germany, and other countries, and enjoy an island vacation with a cheap place to stay, familiar food, glorious beaches, and a few day excursions thrown in for variety."

"The Post cites ""individuals familiar with the case."""

"He was also an expert in hospital design, and was thus familiar with building construction."

"There are essays on all the familiar Steiner subjects--translation, tragedy, the eclipse of humane culture, the connection between language and ethics, and Judaism and the Holocaust."

Sound familiar?

uh i'm familiar with that one

and it was i presume you're familiar with that

the real classics i'm not as familiar with as you know the ordinary sounds that you hear every day type of thing

"The plot rips off the familiar one-on-one mind games of The Silence of the Lambs and adds up to nothing more than ""a greatest-hits collection of plot devices and emotional cues from such films as Gorillas in the Mist and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest "" (John Anderson, the Los Angeles Times ). (Click here to watch the trailer, and for David Edelstein's review in"

that's an interesting theory i'm not that familiar

"His extraordinary Card Game (1917) uses those ""contrasting forms"" to reconfigure a traditional genre subject (Cézanne's Card Players is the most familiar example)."

People always relate to the familiar and iconic and reject what's truly new.

"If a drug dealer were to rattle off lists of narcotics words, the English speaker would be surprised at all the familiar sounds: California, sunshine, gelatina (gelatin), and gelé jelly, for instance, are cryptic nicknames for drugs in general."

uh familiar with the metric system

"In its infinite wisdom, the telephone companies long ago abandoned words for numbers, having perceived that there were some number combinations (like 95) could not be readily yielded by familiar names."

"Now that you’re becoming familiar with Chinese cooking, you might want to collect the appropriate utensils."

The familiar ideas on this subject include the existence of a multiverse and the weak anthropic principle.

"At the height of a high-consumption holiday shopping season, it all seems familiar."

that's right because that's what they're familiar with

"Most readers are familiar with the famous two-slit experiment, which exhibits the fundamental oddness of quantum interference."

The column was so amazingly familiar I had to check the byline to see if I'd sleep-written it.

in in North Carolina for the state so i i work with Lotus and DataEase a lot so i i'm real familiar with that

"Gore made all his familiar criticisms--that Bradley wasn't putting any money aside for Medicare, that his health-care plan wouldn't cover everybody, and that when the going got tough in the Senate, Bradley got going."

"Note: this is an example of a “HobsonJobson”—foreign words or expressions twisted into a more familiar configuration by the pervasive influence of linguistic chauvinism, a rich source of onomatoplazia."

Canada those people are usually pretty uh familiar with the politics going on and and the news events in the US and

"(He graduated from Oberlin College, was Ohio's first black lawyer, and would have been a familiar figure in the local history to which Morrison was exposed as a child.)"

"Before I try, let me give a quick synopsis of the project for those who aren't already familiar with it."

"Designers are enclosing nearly nonexistent breasts in the familiar bra-shape, then sliding a dress around it (attached with little rings), or over it (so it shows through), or below it (sewn on, sometimes in a different material)."

"By lending credence to the Lewinsky charges, and treating Clinton's familiar defenses as the lies and half-lies they seem to be, Stephanopoulos shows he's not a fool."

I am not familiar with the dates for the building project.